OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanism and effect of Renshen(Radix Ginseng) polysaccharide on the migration of intestinal epithelial cell line 6(IEC-6), as well as the repair mechanism of Renshen(Radix Ginseng) polys...OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanism and effect of Renshen(Radix Ginseng) polysaccharide on the migration of intestinal epithelial cell line 6(IEC-6), as well as the repair mechanism of Renshen(Radix Ginseng) polysaccharide on colonic injury induced by dextran sulfate sodium(DSS) in mice. METHODS: Mice were fed 3%(w/v) DSS for 6 d to create colonic lesions. A cell-migration model was created using cell scratching. m RNA expression, protein expression, translation efficiency of m RNA, and nucleoplasmic distribution of human antigen R(Hu R) were determined by real-time reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, a dual luciferase reporter system, and immunofluorescence staining, respectively. RESULTS: Renshen(Radix Ginseng) polysaccharide promoted the migration of IEC-6 cells and affected expression of stromal interaction molecule 1(STIM1) and cell division cycle 42(Cdc42) at transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. CONCLUSIONS: Renshen(Radix Ginseng) polysaccharideinduced repair of intestinal mucosal injury may be mediated by increased cell migration via polyaminebased regulatory mechanisms. In vitro and in vivo experiments suggest that Renshen(Radix Ginseng) polysaccharide-induced post-transcriptional regulation of STIM1 and Cdc42 may be related to differences in the regulation of different target genes by Hu R. Taken together, these data provide a reference for further exploration of the protective effect of Renshen(Radix Ginseng) on the intestinal mucosa.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To elucidate the protective effects of Renshen(Radix Ginseng)and Fuzi(Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata)on myocardial infarction(MI)through regulating myocardial autophagy.METHODS:Thirty-one male Sprague-Daw...OBJECTIVE:To elucidate the protective effects of Renshen(Radix Ginseng)and Fuzi(Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata)on myocardial infarction(MI)through regulating myocardial autophagy.METHODS:Thirty-one male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into five groups(n=6 or 7 for each).After treatment for 3 weeks,electrocardiogram(ECG)and cardiac function were recorded.Hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining was used to detect pathological changes in the heart.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect serum B-type brain natriuretic peptide(BNP),cardiac troponin T(c Tn T),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and serum inflammatory cytokines.Metabolomic analysis was used to identify differential biomarkers of MI in rats.Immunohistochemistry and western blotting were used to detect BNP,cTnT,TNF-α,LC3B,Beclin-1,p62,and adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase(AMPK)expression in cardiac tissue.RESULTS:Fuzi(Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata)alone or Renshen(Radix Ginseng)plus Fuzi(Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata)markedly ameliorated cardiac dysfunction and abnormal ECGs,demonstrated by decreases in the heart weight/body weight ratio,BNP,and c Tn T.Pro-inflammation cytokine interleukin(IL)-1αsignificantly decreased and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 significantly increased in Renshen(Radix Ginseng)single or Renshen(Radix Ginseng)plus Fuzi(Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata)groups compared with the control group.HE results suggested that co-treatment produced a greater reduction in cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area than Renshen(Radix Ginseng)or Fuzi(Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata)alone.Renshen(Radix Ginseng)plus Fuzi(Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata)reversed these changes to different degrees in MI rats.Furthermore,Renshen(Radix Ginseng)plus Fuzi(Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata)down-regulated LC3 B,Beclin-1,and AMPK expression in cardiac tissue and upregulated p62 expression.CONCLUSIONS:Renshen(Radix Ginseng)plus Fuzi(Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata)may have a greater effect on heart injury induced by MI in rats than Fuzi(Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata)treatment alone,and the underlying mechanism may be associated with the regulation of myocardial autophagy and anti-inflammation effects.These results provide fresh insight into the mechanism of co-treatment with Renshen(Radix Ginseng)and Fuzi(Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata)for MI.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To summarized the antimicrobial-like effects of Radix Ginseng, which provide important information to the relevant researchers and clinicians, and will benefit the clinical treatment of infectious diseases....OBJECTIVE: To summarized the antimicrobial-like effects of Radix Ginseng, which provide important information to the relevant researchers and clinicians, and will benefit the clinical treatment of infectious diseases.METHODS: PubMed and Google were used to search for and collect scientific publications related to Radix Ginseng and microbial infections. The authors read, classified, and discussed the associated scientific results or evidences, and summarized the corresponding results.RESULTS: In this review, recent studies on the bene-ficial effects of Radix Ginseng extracts on microbial and biofilm infections were reviewed. The importance and significance of Radix Ginseng's beneficial effects are discussed. Evidence for the favorable effects of Radix Ginseng extracts on viral, bacterial,fungal, and parasitic infections and the possible underlying mechanisms are summarized.CONCLUSION: Radix Ginseng might be a promising supplemental remedy for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of extracts from Renshen(Radix Ginseng), Sanqi(Radix Notoginseng), and Chuanxiong(Rhizoma Chuanxiong) on the endothelial actin cytoskeleton in senescent human cardiac microvascula...OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of extracts from Renshen(Radix Ginseng), Sanqi(Radix Notoginseng), and Chuanxiong(Rhizoma Chuanxiong) on the endothelial actin cytoskeleton in senescent human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells(HCMECs), and to propose the possible mechanism underlying the actions.METHODS: Lentiviral mediated RNA interference was applied to a replicative senescent HCMEC model by knocking down heat shock protein 27(HSP27)gene. Cells were treated with extracts from Renshen(Radix Ginseng), Sanqi(Radix Notoginseng), and Chuanxiong(Rhizoma Chuanxiong) at final concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 mg/L, respectively and with 10 μM resveratrol for 48 h. Untreated cells were used as controls. Senescence was detected by senescence β-galactosidase staining and cell proliferation was analyzed by cell counting kit-8 assays.Secreted nitric oxide levels were detected by nitrate reductase. Morphological changes of F-actin and G-actin were observed by laser scanning confocal microscopy. Protein and gene expression of Factin and HSP27 was detected by western blotting.RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the proportion of senescent HSP27 shRNA cells treated with the extracts was decreased and their proliferation was increased. In the extract intervention group, F-actin around the cell periphery became irregular and jagged fractures formed gradually and then dissipated. Moreover, some dynamic actin stress fiber filaments appeared. The G-actin stretched to the cell periphery and punctate staining was scattered in the cytoplasm. In addition, the mean optical density value of F/G-actin was decreased significantly and the protein expression of F-actin was downregulated.CONCLUSION: The extracts delayed microvascular endothelial cell senescence by downregulating the expression of F-actin through HSP27.展开更多
Objective： To observe the effect of extracts from Radix Ginseng, Radix Notoginseng and Rhizoma Chuanxiong （EXT） on delaying vascular smooth muscle cells （VSMCs） aging in aged rats. Methods： VSMCs were obtained b...Objective： To observe the effect of extracts from Radix Ginseng, Radix Notoginseng and Rhizoma Chuanxiong （EXT） on delaying vascular smooth muscle cells （VSMCs） aging in aged rats. Methods： VSMCs were obtained by the modified tissue explants technique and were shown to be positive for smooth muscle α-actin （SM-α-actin） by immunohistochemistry staining. VSMCs obtained from the young rats were served as the young control group; VSMCs obtained from the old rats were treated with no drug （the old group）, with low dose extracts （20 mg/L, the EXT low-concentration group） and high dose extracts （40 mg/L, the EXT highconcentration group）, and with Probucal （106 mol/L, the Probucal group） as a positive control. All groups were cultured for 24 h in the medium with 10% serum for 24 h followed by another 24 h in the serum-free medium. At the end of the 48-h culture, the following analyses were performed including determination of senescenceassociated β-galactosidase （SA β-Gal） activity, flow cytometry analysis of cell cycle, real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） analyses of p16, Cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 （CDK4） and retinoblastoma （Rb） mRNA expression, and Western blotting analyses of p16, cyclin D1, CDK4 and phosphoretinoblastoma （pRb） protein expressions. Results： （1） In comparison to the younger rats, VSMCs from aged rats had significantly more SA β-Gal positive cells （P〈0.01） and more cells in S phase （P〈0.05）. VSMCs from the all treated groups showed a significant decrease in both SA β-Gal positive cells （P〈0.05） and S phase （P〈0.05） compared to the old rats. （2） Compared with the young group, VSMCs in the old group had a significant decrease in p16 and Rb mRNA expression and a significant increase in Cyclin D1 and CDK4 mRNA expression. Compared with the old group, VSMCs in the treated groups had a significant increase in p16 and Rb mRNA expression and a significant decrease in Cyclin D1 and CDK4 mRNA expression （P〈0.05）. （3） Compared with the young group, VSMCs in the old group had a significant decrease in p16 protein expression and a significant increase in Cyclin D1, CDK4 and pRb protein expressions （P〈0.05）. Compared with the old group, VSMCs in the treated groups had a significant increase in p16 protein expression and a significant decrease in cyclinD1, CDK4 and pRb protein expressions （P〈0.05）. Conclusions： VSMCs obtained from old rats showed typical signs of cellular senescence and vascular aging. EXT had an effect on delaying senescence of VSMCs in vitro by altering the p16-cyclinD/CDK-Rb pathway.展开更多
To establish a method for determining five saponins(notoginsenoside R1, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rb1 and ammonium glycyrrhizinate) in Glycyrrhizae, Notoginseng and Ginseng, the high performance liq...To establish a method for determining five saponins(notoginsenoside R1, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rb1 and ammonium glycyrrhizinate) in Glycyrrhizae, Notoginseng and Ginseng, the high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector(HPLC-DAD) method was applied to an Inertsil ODS-SP column(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-0.05% phosphoric acid in a gradient elution manner. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. The column temperature was 30 ℃ and the detection wavelengths were 203 nm and 237 nm, respectively. The linear ranges were 0.700,0—7.000,0 μg for R1(r=1.000,0), 0.751,1— 7.511,4 μg for Rg1(r=1.000,0), 0.677,2—6.771,6 μg for Re(r=1.000,0), 0.733,9—7.339,1 μg for Rb1(r= 1.000,0), and 0.540,0—5.399,8 μg for ammonium glycyrrhizinate(r=0.999,9), respectively. In addition, their average recoveries were 100.28%, 105.83%, 104.09%, 99.36% and 98.54%, respectively. The relative standard deviations(RSDs) of precision, reproducibility and recovery were all less than 1.5%. The results indicate that the method is simple, accurate and reproducible so that it can be used for the simultaneous determination of the five saponins in Chinese patent medicines containing the three kinds of herbs.展开更多
The authors have investigated the effect ot Radix Ginseng on peroxidation injury in my-ocardium and erythrocytes of streptozocin-induced diabetic rats. In the ginseng administered group (gin-seng solution 0. 2 g/200 g...The authors have investigated the effect ot Radix Ginseng on peroxidation injury in my-ocardium and erythrocytes of streptozocin-induced diabetic rats. In the ginseng administered group (gin-seng solution 0. 2 g/200 g body weight once daily lasting 15-16 days) . there was a significant decreasein the level of fasting blood glucose and lipid peroxide in myocardium and erythrocytes, in comparison withthose of the model group (P<0. 05) . The superoxide dismutase activities in myocardium and erythrocytesof the ginseng group were increased (P<0. 05) . compared with those of the model group and the vitaminE treated group (vitamin E 10 mg/200 g.body weight once daily, lasting 15-16 days) . The results sug-gest that the mechanisms of antiperoxidation injury of ginseng might include the following: (1) loweringthe level of fasting blood glucose, decreasing monosaccharide autooxidation and partially protecting theproduction of free radicals; (2) elevating the activity of enzymatic free radical scavenger in cells, such assuperoxide dismutase, and (3) directly eliminating the superfluous free radicals.展开更多
Two years after the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)outbreak,an increasing number of patients continue to suffer from long COVID(LC),persistent symptoms,and/or delayed or long-term complications beyond the initial 4...Two years after the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)outbreak,an increasing number of patients continue to suffer from long COVID(LC),persistent symptoms,and/or delayed or long-term complications beyond the initial 4 weeks from the onset of symptoms.Constant fatigue is one of the most common LC symptoms,leading to severely reduced quality of life among patients.Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma—known as the King of Herbs in traditional Chinese medicine—has shown clinical anti-fatigue effects.In this review,we summarize the underlying anti-fatigue mechanisms of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma extracts and their bioactive compounds,with a special focus on anti-viral,immune remodeling,endocrine system regulation,and metabolism,suggesting that Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma is a potentially promising treatment for LC,especially regarding targeting fatigue.展开更多
The feasibility of removal of the organochlorine pesticides residues of hexachlorocyclohexane(BHC) from radix ginseng with supercritical CO2 was explored. Some factors, such as extraction pressure, extraction temperat...The feasibility of removal of the organochlorine pesticides residues of hexachlorocyclohexane(BHC) from radix ginseng with supercritical CO2 was explored. Some factors, such as extraction pressure, extraction temperature, and kinds of co-solvents were investigated. The experimental results indicate that it is possible to reduce BHC residues in radix ginseng to the level of 0.1 × 10^-6 with supercritical CO2 in the presence of suitable amount of co-solvent, such as water.展开更多
American ginseng(Panax Quinquefolium L),also known as Xi Yang Shen(西洋参 Radix Panacis Quinquefolii),is indigenous to the United States and Canada.Its discovery in the 1700s paved the way for international trade,whic...American ginseng(Panax Quinquefolium L),also known as Xi Yang Shen(西洋参 Radix Panacis Quinquefolii),is indigenous to the United States and Canada.Its discovery in the 1700s paved the way for international trade,which boosted the economy of the New World and helped build commercial ties between the US and China.Due to its therapeutic effects,the demand for American ginseng grew steadily,eventually causing the volume of wild ginseng to dwindle.As a result,laws and regulations were introduced requiring farmers and exporters to engage in harvesting practices that would preserve wild American ginseng.Nowadays,wild American ginseng is considered an endangered and protected species.This article discusses the history,properties,and applications of American ginseng to optimize its use and protection.展开更多
目的支气管哮喘是严重影响全球公众健康的重大慢病之一,通过使用GEO数据集和孟德尔随机化方法确定哮喘新的遗传靶点,为临床治疗和机制研究提供依据。方法通过基因表达综合数据库(GEO)获得相关数据集,获得数据后进行差异基因的表达数量...目的支气管哮喘是严重影响全球公众健康的重大慢病之一,通过使用GEO数据集和孟德尔随机化方法确定哮喘新的遗传靶点,为临床治疗和机制研究提供依据。方法通过基因表达综合数据库(GEO)获得相关数据集,获得数据后进行差异基因的表达数量性状位点(expression quantitative trait locus,eQTL)分析和孟德尔随机化(mendelian randomization,MR)分析,确定潜在靶点;再通过基因集合富集分析(gene set enrichment analysis,GSEA)和基因本体论(gene ontology,GO)/京都基因和基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG)富集分析来探索这些基因的功能和富集通路;通过免疫浸润方法探索靶点与相关免疫细胞的关联;利用医学本体信息检索平台Coremine Medical数据库,筛选核心基因相关治疗中药并进行归纳分析,最后设立外部验证集进行验证。结果共鉴定出280个高表达基因和1127个低表达基因;MR分析确定了12个与哮喘显著相关的核心基因靶点:PGAP3、FAM177A1、UGDH、AASDH、CREB1、ZNF429、CCNG2、SKAP2、ANKRD10、DR1、ISOC1以及LPAR6;预测出人参、五味子、麻黄、杜仲、北沙参等67味靶向中药,主要涉及补虚药、活血化瘀药;MR分析结果与外部验证集的结果一致,强调了本研究的可靠性。结论筛选并验证了12个哮喘潜在靶点,并对相关干预中药进行了预测,为进一步深入探究哮喘的发病机制、早期筛查诊断、早期预防、靶向治疗以及中医药临床诊疗提供了新的线索。展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China:Study on the Effect of Supplementing Qi and Invigorating the Spleen on the Migration of Small Intestinal Epithelial Cells through the Regulation of Polyamines and Calcium Ions (No. 81673940)First-class Discipline Construction Major Project of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine,Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Planning (2020) No. 62:based on the Viscous Characteristics of Dampness and Pathogenic Factors in Lingnan,this Paper Studied the Differential Characteristics of the Syndrome of Deficiency of Spleen and Stomach Disease and the Intervention Mechanism of Lingnan Traditional Chinese Medicine for Mucosal Damage Repair。
文摘OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanism and effect of Renshen(Radix Ginseng) polysaccharide on the migration of intestinal epithelial cell line 6(IEC-6), as well as the repair mechanism of Renshen(Radix Ginseng) polysaccharide on colonic injury induced by dextran sulfate sodium(DSS) in mice. METHODS: Mice were fed 3%(w/v) DSS for 6 d to create colonic lesions. A cell-migration model was created using cell scratching. m RNA expression, protein expression, translation efficiency of m RNA, and nucleoplasmic distribution of human antigen R(Hu R) were determined by real-time reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, a dual luciferase reporter system, and immunofluorescence staining, respectively. RESULTS: Renshen(Radix Ginseng) polysaccharide promoted the migration of IEC-6 cells and affected expression of stromal interaction molecule 1(STIM1) and cell division cycle 42(Cdc42) at transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. CONCLUSIONS: Renshen(Radix Ginseng) polysaccharideinduced repair of intestinal mucosal injury may be mediated by increased cell migration via polyaminebased regulatory mechanisms. In vitro and in vivo experiments suggest that Renshen(Radix Ginseng) polysaccharide-induced post-transcriptional regulation of STIM1 and Cdc42 may be related to differences in the regulation of different target genes by Hu R. Taken together, these data provide a reference for further exploration of the protective effect of Renshen(Radix Ginseng) on the intestinal mucosa.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81630131,81673633)High-level Talents Research Project of Hefei Normal University(No.2020rcjj30)+3 种基金Key Project of Provincial Scientific Research Platform of Hefei Normal University in 2020(No.2020PTZD14)School Level Quality Engineering Project Of Hefei Normal University(2020szjy10)Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Hefei Normal University(S202014098050)Key Research and Development Projects of Anhui Province(202004A07020020)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To elucidate the protective effects of Renshen(Radix Ginseng)and Fuzi(Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata)on myocardial infarction(MI)through regulating myocardial autophagy.METHODS:Thirty-one male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into five groups(n=6 or 7 for each).After treatment for 3 weeks,electrocardiogram(ECG)and cardiac function were recorded.Hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining was used to detect pathological changes in the heart.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect serum B-type brain natriuretic peptide(BNP),cardiac troponin T(c Tn T),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and serum inflammatory cytokines.Metabolomic analysis was used to identify differential biomarkers of MI in rats.Immunohistochemistry and western blotting were used to detect BNP,cTnT,TNF-α,LC3B,Beclin-1,p62,and adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase(AMPK)expression in cardiac tissue.RESULTS:Fuzi(Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata)alone or Renshen(Radix Ginseng)plus Fuzi(Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata)markedly ameliorated cardiac dysfunction and abnormal ECGs,demonstrated by decreases in the heart weight/body weight ratio,BNP,and c Tn T.Pro-inflammation cytokine interleukin(IL)-1αsignificantly decreased and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 significantly increased in Renshen(Radix Ginseng)single or Renshen(Radix Ginseng)plus Fuzi(Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata)groups compared with the control group.HE results suggested that co-treatment produced a greater reduction in cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area than Renshen(Radix Ginseng)or Fuzi(Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata)alone.Renshen(Radix Ginseng)plus Fuzi(Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata)reversed these changes to different degrees in MI rats.Furthermore,Renshen(Radix Ginseng)plus Fuzi(Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata)down-regulated LC3 B,Beclin-1,and AMPK expression in cardiac tissue and upregulated p62 expression.CONCLUSIONS:Renshen(Radix Ginseng)plus Fuzi(Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata)may have a greater effect on heart injury induced by MI in rats than Fuzi(Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata)treatment alone,and the underlying mechanism may be associated with the regulation of myocardial autophagy and anti-inflammation effects.These results provide fresh insight into the mechanism of co-treatment with Renshen(Radix Ginseng)and Fuzi(Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata)for MI.
文摘OBJECTIVE: To summarized the antimicrobial-like effects of Radix Ginseng, which provide important information to the relevant researchers and clinicians, and will benefit the clinical treatment of infectious diseases.METHODS: PubMed and Google were used to search for and collect scientific publications related to Radix Ginseng and microbial infections. The authors read, classified, and discussed the associated scientific results or evidences, and summarized the corresponding results.RESULTS: In this review, recent studies on the bene-ficial effects of Radix Ginseng extracts on microbial and biofilm infections were reviewed. The importance and significance of Radix Ginseng's beneficial effects are discussed. Evidence for the favorable effects of Radix Ginseng extracts on viral, bacterial,fungal, and parasitic infections and the possible underlying mechanisms are summarized.CONCLUSION: Radix Ginseng might be a promising supplemental remedy for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(the Study on Intervention and Mechanism of Chinese Herbal Medicines for Nourishing Qi and Resolving Blood Stasis on Cytoskeletal Protein of Vascular Aging(No.81273976)the Mechanism of Exploration about Formula for Reinforcing Qi,Warming Yang,Activating Blood and Promoting Diuresis in the Prevention and Treatment of Heart Failure through mT ORC1-Mitophagy Pathway(No.8170-3865)+2 种基金Independent Research Program of the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(the Study on Mechanism of Chinese Herbal Medicines for Nourishing Qi and Resolving Blood Stasis Delaying Vascular Aging(No.zz2013002)the Mechanism of Exploration about Formula for Reinforcing Qi,Warming Yang,Activating Blood and Promoting Diuresis in the Prevention and Treatment of Heart Failure through Nrf2-iron Death Pathway(No.zz13-YQ-034)Beijing Science and Technology Bureau(Clinical study about Formula for Reinforcing Qi,Warming Yang,Activating Blood and Promoting Diuresis to Improve the Survival Status of Patients with Chronic Heart Failure(No.Z171100001017108)。
文摘OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of extracts from Renshen(Radix Ginseng), Sanqi(Radix Notoginseng), and Chuanxiong(Rhizoma Chuanxiong) on the endothelial actin cytoskeleton in senescent human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells(HCMECs), and to propose the possible mechanism underlying the actions.METHODS: Lentiviral mediated RNA interference was applied to a replicative senescent HCMEC model by knocking down heat shock protein 27(HSP27)gene. Cells were treated with extracts from Renshen(Radix Ginseng), Sanqi(Radix Notoginseng), and Chuanxiong(Rhizoma Chuanxiong) at final concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 mg/L, respectively and with 10 μM resveratrol for 48 h. Untreated cells were used as controls. Senescence was detected by senescence β-galactosidase staining and cell proliferation was analyzed by cell counting kit-8 assays.Secreted nitric oxide levels were detected by nitrate reductase. Morphological changes of F-actin and G-actin were observed by laser scanning confocal microscopy. Protein and gene expression of Factin and HSP27 was detected by western blotting.RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the proportion of senescent HSP27 shRNA cells treated with the extracts was decreased and their proliferation was increased. In the extract intervention group, F-actin around the cell periphery became irregular and jagged fractures formed gradually and then dissipated. Moreover, some dynamic actin stress fiber filaments appeared. The G-actin stretched to the cell periphery and punctate staining was scattered in the cytoplasm. In addition, the mean optical density value of F/G-actin was decreased significantly and the protein expression of F-actin was downregulated.CONCLUSION: The extracts delayed microvascular endothelial cell senescence by downregulating the expression of F-actin through HSP27.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Program 937,No.2007CB507400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30973828)the Independent Topic Program of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences (No.Z02151)
文摘Objective： To observe the effect of extracts from Radix Ginseng, Radix Notoginseng and Rhizoma Chuanxiong （EXT） on delaying vascular smooth muscle cells （VSMCs） aging in aged rats. Methods： VSMCs were obtained by the modified tissue explants technique and were shown to be positive for smooth muscle α-actin （SM-α-actin） by immunohistochemistry staining. VSMCs obtained from the young rats were served as the young control group; VSMCs obtained from the old rats were treated with no drug （the old group）, with low dose extracts （20 mg/L, the EXT low-concentration group） and high dose extracts （40 mg/L, the EXT highconcentration group）, and with Probucal （106 mol/L, the Probucal group） as a positive control. All groups were cultured for 24 h in the medium with 10% serum for 24 h followed by another 24 h in the serum-free medium. At the end of the 48-h culture, the following analyses were performed including determination of senescenceassociated β-galactosidase （SA β-Gal） activity, flow cytometry analysis of cell cycle, real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） analyses of p16, Cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 （CDK4） and retinoblastoma （Rb） mRNA expression, and Western blotting analyses of p16, cyclin D1, CDK4 and phosphoretinoblastoma （pRb） protein expressions. Results： （1） In comparison to the younger rats, VSMCs from aged rats had significantly more SA β-Gal positive cells （P〈0.01） and more cells in S phase （P〈0.05）. VSMCs from the all treated groups showed a significant decrease in both SA β-Gal positive cells （P〈0.05） and S phase （P〈0.05） compared to the old rats. （2） Compared with the young group, VSMCs in the old group had a significant decrease in p16 and Rb mRNA expression and a significant increase in Cyclin D1 and CDK4 mRNA expression. Compared with the old group, VSMCs in the treated groups had a significant increase in p16 and Rb mRNA expression and a significant decrease in Cyclin D1 and CDK4 mRNA expression （P〈0.05）. （3） Compared with the young group, VSMCs in the old group had a significant decrease in p16 protein expression and a significant increase in Cyclin D1, CDK4 and pRb protein expressions （P〈0.05）. Compared with the old group, VSMCs in the treated groups had a significant increase in p16 protein expression and a significant decrease in cyclinD1, CDK4 and pRb protein expressions （P〈0.05）. Conclusions： VSMCs obtained from old rats showed typical signs of cellular senescence and vascular aging. EXT had an effect on delaying senescence of VSMCs in vitro by altering the p16-cyclinD/CDK-Rb pathway.
基金Supported by Plan Issue of Shanghai Science &Technology Committee(No.13401901100)
文摘To establish a method for determining five saponins(notoginsenoside R1, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rb1 and ammonium glycyrrhizinate) in Glycyrrhizae, Notoginseng and Ginseng, the high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector(HPLC-DAD) method was applied to an Inertsil ODS-SP column(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-0.05% phosphoric acid in a gradient elution manner. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. The column temperature was 30 ℃ and the detection wavelengths were 203 nm and 237 nm, respectively. The linear ranges were 0.700,0—7.000,0 μg for R1(r=1.000,0), 0.751,1— 7.511,4 μg for Rg1(r=1.000,0), 0.677,2—6.771,6 μg for Re(r=1.000,0), 0.733,9—7.339,1 μg for Rb1(r= 1.000,0), and 0.540,0—5.399,8 μg for ammonium glycyrrhizinate(r=0.999,9), respectively. In addition, their average recoveries were 100.28%, 105.83%, 104.09%, 99.36% and 98.54%, respectively. The relative standard deviations(RSDs) of precision, reproducibility and recovery were all less than 1.5%. The results indicate that the method is simple, accurate and reproducible so that it can be used for the simultaneous determination of the five saponins in Chinese patent medicines containing the three kinds of herbs.
文摘The authors have investigated the effect ot Radix Ginseng on peroxidation injury in my-ocardium and erythrocytes of streptozocin-induced diabetic rats. In the ginseng administered group (gin-seng solution 0. 2 g/200 g body weight once daily lasting 15-16 days) . there was a significant decreasein the level of fasting blood glucose and lipid peroxide in myocardium and erythrocytes, in comparison withthose of the model group (P<0. 05) . The superoxide dismutase activities in myocardium and erythrocytesof the ginseng group were increased (P<0. 05) . compared with those of the model group and the vitaminE treated group (vitamin E 10 mg/200 g.body weight once daily, lasting 15-16 days) . The results sug-gest that the mechanisms of antiperoxidation injury of ginseng might include the following: (1) loweringthe level of fasting blood glucose, decreasing monosaccharide autooxidation and partially protecting theproduction of free radicals; (2) elevating the activity of enzymatic free radical scavenger in cells, such assuperoxide dismutase, and (3) directly eliminating the superfluous free radicals.
基金funded by the Science&Technology Development Fund of the Tianjin Education Commission for Higher Education(2018KJ010)。
文摘Two years after the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)outbreak,an increasing number of patients continue to suffer from long COVID(LC),persistent symptoms,and/or delayed or long-term complications beyond the initial 4 weeks from the onset of symptoms.Constant fatigue is one of the most common LC symptoms,leading to severely reduced quality of life among patients.Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma—known as the King of Herbs in traditional Chinese medicine—has shown clinical anti-fatigue effects.In this review,we summarize the underlying anti-fatigue mechanisms of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma extracts and their bioactive compounds,with a special focus on anti-viral,immune remodeling,endocrine system regulation,and metabolism,suggesting that Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma is a potentially promising treatment for LC,especially regarding targeting fatigue.
文摘The feasibility of removal of the organochlorine pesticides residues of hexachlorocyclohexane(BHC) from radix ginseng with supercritical CO2 was explored. Some factors, such as extraction pressure, extraction temperature, and kinds of co-solvents were investigated. The experimental results indicate that it is possible to reduce BHC residues in radix ginseng to the level of 0.1 × 10^-6 with supercritical CO2 in the presence of suitable amount of co-solvent, such as water.
基金By grants from the project of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.2019GJ170)International Cooperation Department,National A dm inistration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.GZYYGJ2020003).
文摘American ginseng(Panax Quinquefolium L),also known as Xi Yang Shen(西洋参 Radix Panacis Quinquefolii),is indigenous to the United States and Canada.Its discovery in the 1700s paved the way for international trade,which boosted the economy of the New World and helped build commercial ties between the US and China.Due to its therapeutic effects,the demand for American ginseng grew steadily,eventually causing the volume of wild ginseng to dwindle.As a result,laws and regulations were introduced requiring farmers and exporters to engage in harvesting practices that would preserve wild American ginseng.Nowadays,wild American ginseng is considered an endangered and protected species.This article discusses the history,properties,and applications of American ginseng to optimize its use and protection.
文摘目的支气管哮喘是严重影响全球公众健康的重大慢病之一,通过使用GEO数据集和孟德尔随机化方法确定哮喘新的遗传靶点,为临床治疗和机制研究提供依据。方法通过基因表达综合数据库(GEO)获得相关数据集,获得数据后进行差异基因的表达数量性状位点(expression quantitative trait locus,eQTL)分析和孟德尔随机化(mendelian randomization,MR)分析,确定潜在靶点;再通过基因集合富集分析(gene set enrichment analysis,GSEA)和基因本体论(gene ontology,GO)/京都基因和基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG)富集分析来探索这些基因的功能和富集通路;通过免疫浸润方法探索靶点与相关免疫细胞的关联;利用医学本体信息检索平台Coremine Medical数据库,筛选核心基因相关治疗中药并进行归纳分析,最后设立外部验证集进行验证。结果共鉴定出280个高表达基因和1127个低表达基因;MR分析确定了12个与哮喘显著相关的核心基因靶点:PGAP3、FAM177A1、UGDH、AASDH、CREB1、ZNF429、CCNG2、SKAP2、ANKRD10、DR1、ISOC1以及LPAR6;预测出人参、五味子、麻黄、杜仲、北沙参等67味靶向中药,主要涉及补虚药、活血化瘀药;MR分析结果与外部验证集的结果一致,强调了本研究的可靠性。结论筛选并验证了12个哮喘潜在靶点,并对相关干预中药进行了预测,为进一步深入探究哮喘的发病机制、早期筛查诊断、早期预防、靶向治疗以及中医药临床诊疗提供了新的线索。
