The purpose of this research was to evaluate radiological safety in pediatric radiology in hospitals in the Kongo Central province of the DRC. To this end, we surveyed a convenience sample of 50 health professionals, ...The purpose of this research was to evaluate radiological safety in pediatric radiology in hospitals in the Kongo Central province of the DRC. To this end, we surveyed a convenience sample of 50 health professionals, including 10 radiologists working in the hospitals covered by the survey, to assess the practice of pediatric radiology and the degree of compliance with radiation protection principles for the safety of children and the environment. We collected radiophysical parameters to calculate entrance doses in pediatric radiology in radiology departments to determine the dosimetric level by comparison with the diagnostic reference levels of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). All in all, we found that in Kongo Central in the DRC, many health personnel surveyed reported that more than 30% of requested radiological examinations are not justified. Also, after comparing the entrance doses produced in the surveyed departments with those of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), a statistically significant difference was found in pediatric radiology between the average doses in five out of six surveyed departments and those of the ICRP. Therefore, almost all of the surveyed departments were found to be highly irradiating in children, while excessive X-ray irradiation in children can have significant effects due to their increased sensitivity to radiation. Among the risks are: increased cancer risks, damage to developing cells, potential genetic effects, and neurological effects. This is why support for implementing radiation protection principles is a necessity to promote the safety of patients and the environment against the harmful effects of X-rays in conventional radiology.展开更多
Platforms facilitate information exchange,streamline resources,and reduce production and management costs for companies.However,some viral information may invade and steal company resources,or lead to information leak...Platforms facilitate information exchange,streamline resources,and reduce production and management costs for companies.However,some viral information may invade and steal company resources,or lead to information leakage.For this reason,this paper discusses the standards for cybersecurity protection,examines the current state of cybersecurity management and the risks faced by cloud platforms,expands the time and space for training on cloud platforms,and provides recommendations for measuring the level of cybersecurity protection within cloud platforms in order to build a solid foundation for them.展开更多
Water level fluctuation zone(hereinafter referred to as "WLFZ") is a transitional ecosystem between terrestrial ecosystem and aquatic ecosystem,and also a key area to control its neighboring terrestrial and ...Water level fluctuation zone(hereinafter referred to as "WLFZ") is a transitional ecosystem between terrestrial ecosystem and aquatic ecosystem,and also a key area to control its neighboring terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem. After the Three Gorges Reservoir was put into use,ecological environment of its WLFZ has aroused wide concern from domestic and foreign experts. On the basis of introducing characteristics of WLFZ of the Three Gorges Reservoir,current ecological environment and main problems of this area were analyzed,plant selection and configuration was elaborated as well as the implementation effect of many WLFZ protection and ecological restoration modes. In view of the actual conditions,pertinent suggestions were proposed for WLFZ of the Three Gorges Reservoir,namely classified protection and ecological restoration,enhancing monitoring and assessment of current situation and change tendency,carrying out technical researches and demonstration of WLFZ wetland ecological restoration.展开更多
In this paper, the executive of the 10th Five- Year Plan in the field of environmental protection and ecological constrution is reviewed, and the charactristics of economic growth and its environmental impact on the 1...In this paper, the executive of the 10th Five- Year Plan in the field of environmental protection and ecological constrution is reviewed, and the charactristics of economic growth and its environmental impact on the 11^th Five-Year Plan is forecasted and analyzed. A principal idea of eavironmental protection and ecological construction is put forward for the 11^th Five-Year Plan pertod： strensgthen the point treatment in key areas and set the main targets based on the idea. The relating countermeasures in national level are proposed as follows： set up appropriate ideas for official achievements by launching resources and environmental cost acconting; adjust the industrial struacture actively by industrial policies and strenuous work; develop circular economy, change the mode of environmental protecgon from end treatment to headstream and proeess control： strengthen the market mechanism in the process of pollution treatment, set up the system of ＂who treats who benefits＂ ; perfect interrelated laws and standards, strengthen the ability of environmental munagement; lay extra emphasis on two key targets： water pollution tretment in key river basins and management of the reserves; and combine the ecological consnuction and poverty alleviation in higher level.展开更多
Five-year trials （2011-2015） were accomplished in a continuous field experiment conducted at the Production and Research Station in Balcyny. The experiment was set up on a luvisol medium soil, derived from light loa...Five-year trials （2011-2015） were accomplished in a continuous field experiment conducted at the Production and Research Station in Balcyny. The experiment was set up on a luvisol medium soil, derived from light loam with the objective of evaluating the response of two winter triticale varieties （Pigmej and Cyrkon） to cultivation without protection （O）, chemical weed control （H） and combined protection against weeds and fungi （HF）. Comparisons were made in two crop sequence systems： cultivation of winter triticale varieties in a 6-field crop rotation and cultivation in a 19-23-year-long monoculture. The results showed that the plant sequence system significantly differentiated the response of winter triticale varieties to the applied levels of field protection. Significantly higher grain yield gains of the winter triticale varieties in response to the application of herbicides or herbicides with fungicides were obtained in the monoculture than in the crop rotation. In the crop rotation, a higher increase in yields induced by the applied plant protection treatments was achieved by the variety Cyrkon. In the monoculture, the response of both varieties to the herbicides applied was nearly identical, while the combined application of herbicides and fungicides raised the yields of var. Pigmej higher than those of var. Cyrkon. Overall for the plant protection levels, var. Cyrkon yielded higher than var. Pigmej by 18.1% more in the crop rotation and by 26.9% in the monoculture. At the same time, var. Cyrkon demonstrated a weaker response to being grown in the monoculture than var. Pigmej did. The average yield of the former was reduced by 21.1%, whereas the latter yielded 26.6% less grain.展开更多
This paper seeks to demonstrate that in the Inter-American human rights system, there is a form of multilevel human rights protection. To do so, a number of institutions where this protection is present are reviewed. ...This paper seeks to demonstrate that in the Inter-American human rights system, there is a form of multilevel human rights protection. To do so, a number of institutions where this protection is present are reviewed. In addition, regulatory and practical bases having made this form of protection possible are outlined. Lastly, the issue of the relationship produced at the level of the judiciary from this multilevel discussion between national and international systems is discussed.展开更多
This article will start from the current situation of network security of 3A hospitals, elaborate the existing problems of network security system construction of 3A hospitals, analyze and explore the specific strateg...This article will start from the current situation of network security of 3A hospitals, elaborate the existing problems of network security system construction of 3A hospitals, analyze and explore the specific strategies of network security system construction of 3A hospitals based on Hierarchical Protection 2.0, and hope to provide some help and suggestions for relevant personnel to do a good job of network security system construction of 3A hospitals, continuously enhance the network security of top three hospitals.展开更多
Computed tomography is an indispensable X-ray imaging modality used to diagnose numerous pathologies, but it can also involve the delivery of high ionizing radiation doses harmful to the health of patients. This study...Computed tomography is an indispensable X-ray imaging modality used to diagnose numerous pathologies, but it can also involve the delivery of high ionizing radiation doses harmful to the health of patients. This study aims to survey the level of radiation doses delivered to child patients during head exams in CT imaging to set up the Dosimetric Reference Levels (DRLs), a routine dose optimization tool, based on data acquired at the University Hospital of Angré (UHA), the University Hospital of Treichville (UHT) and the Polyclinic Hospital Farah (Farah) for optimizing procedures in Ivorian hospitals. Prospectively performed on 334 CT images of 186 child patients, this study was carried out on CT systems such as Hitachi Scenaria, Sinovision Insitum, and Philips Incisive used respectively at UHA, UHT and Farah. Children’s scan data were classified into four age bands: vol or dose-length product as DLP) value, whatever the hospital, increases with respect to the age of child patients. Based on the 75th percentile of the whole dose distributions, the DRLs of the CTDIvol is 54.37 mGy whatever the age groups and those of the DLP with respect to age bands are 1224.55 mGy∙cm, 1414.06 mGy∙cm, 1632.24 mGy.cm and 1544.57 mGy∙cm, respectively. The averaged values of CTDIvol and DLP smaller than the corresponding DRLs values suggest that practices in our three facilities are optimized. However, comparing our results with those from different international studies, we see that the CTDIvol and DLP values obtained in the present work are higher. These results suggest additional surveys to ensure our DRLs values and efforts from radiologists, imaging technicians and medical physicists to strengthen clinical procedures for the radiation protection of children undergoing CT scans in Côte d’Ivoire.展开更多
文摘The purpose of this research was to evaluate radiological safety in pediatric radiology in hospitals in the Kongo Central province of the DRC. To this end, we surveyed a convenience sample of 50 health professionals, including 10 radiologists working in the hospitals covered by the survey, to assess the practice of pediatric radiology and the degree of compliance with radiation protection principles for the safety of children and the environment. We collected radiophysical parameters to calculate entrance doses in pediatric radiology in radiology departments to determine the dosimetric level by comparison with the diagnostic reference levels of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). All in all, we found that in Kongo Central in the DRC, many health personnel surveyed reported that more than 30% of requested radiological examinations are not justified. Also, after comparing the entrance doses produced in the surveyed departments with those of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), a statistically significant difference was found in pediatric radiology between the average doses in five out of six surveyed departments and those of the ICRP. Therefore, almost all of the surveyed departments were found to be highly irradiating in children, while excessive X-ray irradiation in children can have significant effects due to their increased sensitivity to radiation. Among the risks are: increased cancer risks, damage to developing cells, potential genetic effects, and neurological effects. This is why support for implementing radiation protection principles is a necessity to promote the safety of patients and the environment against the harmful effects of X-rays in conventional radiology.
文摘Platforms facilitate information exchange,streamline resources,and reduce production and management costs for companies.However,some viral information may invade and steal company resources,or lead to information leakage.For this reason,this paper discusses the standards for cybersecurity protection,examines the current state of cybersecurity management and the risks faced by cloud platforms,expands the time and space for training on cloud platforms,and provides recommendations for measuring the level of cybersecurity protection within cloud platforms in order to build a solid foundation for them.
基金Sponsored by Follow-up Research Program of the Three Gorges(2013HXKY2-3)
文摘Water level fluctuation zone(hereinafter referred to as "WLFZ") is a transitional ecosystem between terrestrial ecosystem and aquatic ecosystem,and also a key area to control its neighboring terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem. After the Three Gorges Reservoir was put into use,ecological environment of its WLFZ has aroused wide concern from domestic and foreign experts. On the basis of introducing characteristics of WLFZ of the Three Gorges Reservoir,current ecological environment and main problems of this area were analyzed,plant selection and configuration was elaborated as well as the implementation effect of many WLFZ protection and ecological restoration modes. In view of the actual conditions,pertinent suggestions were proposed for WLFZ of the Three Gorges Reservoir,namely classified protection and ecological restoration,enhancing monitoring and assessment of current situation and change tendency,carrying out technical researches and demonstration of WLFZ wetland ecological restoration.
文摘In this paper, the executive of the 10th Five- Year Plan in the field of environmental protection and ecological constrution is reviewed, and the charactristics of economic growth and its environmental impact on the 11^th Five-Year Plan is forecasted and analyzed. A principal idea of eavironmental protection and ecological construction is put forward for the 11^th Five-Year Plan pertod： strensgthen the point treatment in key areas and set the main targets based on the idea. The relating countermeasures in national level are proposed as follows： set up appropriate ideas for official achievements by launching resources and environmental cost acconting; adjust the industrial struacture actively by industrial policies and strenuous work; develop circular economy, change the mode of environmental protecgon from end treatment to headstream and proeess control： strengthen the market mechanism in the process of pollution treatment, set up the system of ＂who treats who benefits＂ ; perfect interrelated laws and standards, strengthen the ability of environmental munagement; lay extra emphasis on two key targets： water pollution tretment in key river basins and management of the reserves; and combine the ecological consnuction and poverty alleviation in higher level.
文摘Five-year trials （2011-2015） were accomplished in a continuous field experiment conducted at the Production and Research Station in Balcyny. The experiment was set up on a luvisol medium soil, derived from light loam with the objective of evaluating the response of two winter triticale varieties （Pigmej and Cyrkon） to cultivation without protection （O）, chemical weed control （H） and combined protection against weeds and fungi （HF）. Comparisons were made in two crop sequence systems： cultivation of winter triticale varieties in a 6-field crop rotation and cultivation in a 19-23-year-long monoculture. The results showed that the plant sequence system significantly differentiated the response of winter triticale varieties to the applied levels of field protection. Significantly higher grain yield gains of the winter triticale varieties in response to the application of herbicides or herbicides with fungicides were obtained in the monoculture than in the crop rotation. In the crop rotation, a higher increase in yields induced by the applied plant protection treatments was achieved by the variety Cyrkon. In the monoculture, the response of both varieties to the herbicides applied was nearly identical, while the combined application of herbicides and fungicides raised the yields of var. Pigmej higher than those of var. Cyrkon. Overall for the plant protection levels, var. Cyrkon yielded higher than var. Pigmej by 18.1% more in the crop rotation and by 26.9% in the monoculture. At the same time, var. Cyrkon demonstrated a weaker response to being grown in the monoculture than var. Pigmej did. The average yield of the former was reduced by 21.1%, whereas the latter yielded 26.6% less grain.
文摘This paper seeks to demonstrate that in the Inter-American human rights system, there is a form of multilevel human rights protection. To do so, a number of institutions where this protection is present are reviewed. In addition, regulatory and practical bases having made this form of protection possible are outlined. Lastly, the issue of the relationship produced at the level of the judiciary from this multilevel discussion between national and international systems is discussed.
文摘This article will start from the current situation of network security of 3A hospitals, elaborate the existing problems of network security system construction of 3A hospitals, analyze and explore the specific strategies of network security system construction of 3A hospitals based on Hierarchical Protection 2.0, and hope to provide some help and suggestions for relevant personnel to do a good job of network security system construction of 3A hospitals, continuously enhance the network security of top three hospitals.
文摘Computed tomography is an indispensable X-ray imaging modality used to diagnose numerous pathologies, but it can also involve the delivery of high ionizing radiation doses harmful to the health of patients. This study aims to survey the level of radiation doses delivered to child patients during head exams in CT imaging to set up the Dosimetric Reference Levels (DRLs), a routine dose optimization tool, based on data acquired at the University Hospital of Angré (UHA), the University Hospital of Treichville (UHT) and the Polyclinic Hospital Farah (Farah) for optimizing procedures in Ivorian hospitals. Prospectively performed on 334 CT images of 186 child patients, this study was carried out on CT systems such as Hitachi Scenaria, Sinovision Insitum, and Philips Incisive used respectively at UHA, UHT and Farah. Children’s scan data were classified into four age bands: vol or dose-length product as DLP) value, whatever the hospital, increases with respect to the age of child patients. Based on the 75th percentile of the whole dose distributions, the DRLs of the CTDIvol is 54.37 mGy whatever the age groups and those of the DLP with respect to age bands are 1224.55 mGy∙cm, 1414.06 mGy∙cm, 1632.24 mGy.cm and 1544.57 mGy∙cm, respectively. The averaged values of CTDIvol and DLP smaller than the corresponding DRLs values suggest that practices in our three facilities are optimized. However, comparing our results with those from different international studies, we see that the CTDIvol and DLP values obtained in the present work are higher. These results suggest additional surveys to ensure our DRLs values and efforts from radiologists, imaging technicians and medical physicists to strengthen clinical procedures for the radiation protection of children undergoing CT scans in Côte d’Ivoire.
