Magnesium(Mg),as one of the most abundant elements in earth's crust,is the lightest structural metal with extensive applications across various industries.However,the performance of Mg-based products is highly dep...Magnesium(Mg),as one of the most abundant elements in earth's crust,is the lightest structural metal with extensive applications across various industries.However,the performance of Mg-based products is highly dependent on their impurity levels,and the lack of high-purity Mg,along with efficient purification method,has posed significant challenge to its widespread industrial adoption.This study investigates the impurity behavior in Mg ingots during the vacuum gasification purification process.Through the analysis of binary phase diagrams,iron(Fe)-based foam material was selected for the filtration and purification of Mg vapor in a vacuum tube furnace.A novel approach combining vacuum gasification,vapor purification,and directional condensation is proposed.The effect of filter pore sizes and filtration temperatures on the efficacy of impurity removal was evaluated.Experimental results demonstrate that Fe-based foam with a pore size of 60 ppi,at a filtration temperature of 773 K,effectively removes impurities such as calcium(Ca),potassium(K),sodium(Na),manganese(Mn),silicon(Si),aluminum(Al),and various oxides,sulfides,and chlorides from the vapor phase.Consequently,high-purity Mg with a purity level exceeding 5N3 was obtained in the condensation zone.展开更多
The SiO_(2)'-CaO/(CaO+K_(2)O)(S'CK)diagram is an empirically derived major element-based equivalent to the modal IUGS alkali feldspar-quartz-plagioclase classification scheme for granitoids.It employs the cont...The SiO_(2)'-CaO/(CaO+K_(2)O)(S'CK)diagram is an empirically derived major element-based equivalent to the modal IUGS alkali feldspar-quartz-plagioclase classification scheme for granitoids.It employs the content of SiO_(2)and CaO/(CaO+K_(2)O)ratio to approximate the IUGS classification diagram and a normative-based Q'-ANOR plot.Four trends have been superimposed onto the SiO_(2)'-CaO/(CaO+K_(2)O)diagram based on published datasets from the Peninsular Ranges(calcic:C),Tuolumne(calc-alkalic:CA),Sherman(alkali-calcic:AC),and Bjerkreim-Sokndal(alkalic:A)batholiths,which were employed to constrain the positions of the C-CA,CA-AC and AC-A suite boundaries on the SiO_(2)versus(Na_(2)O+K_(2)O-CaO)(or modified alkali-lime index,MALI)granitic classification diagram.A merit of the SiO_(2)'-CaO/(CaO+K_(2)O)plot is identifying rock types comprising a suite and their relative abundances.The distinguished projections of five typical granitoid assemblages,which are summarized by Bonin et al.(2020),demonstrate the ability of SiO_(2)'-CaO/(CaO+K_(2)O)diagram to decipher their petrogenesis.The SiO_(2)'-CaO/(CaO+K_(2)O)plots for the plutonic suites of'known'tectonic settings can reveal their evolution paths and the lithological statistics.Accordingly,it is suggested that the SiO_(2)'-CaO/(CaO+K_(2)O)plot can distinguish the tectonic environments of plutonic suits by comparing the plutonic suites or batholiths of'unknown'tectonic context to the published datasets from granitoid suites formed within'known'tectonic settings.The modified SiO_(2)'-CaO/(CaO+K_(2)O)diagram links the bulk chemical composition of granitoid suites to the likely source,magmatic evolution,and tectonic setting;thus,it may be a useful tectono-magmatic classification scheme for granitoid suites.展开更多
We have investigated homoepitaxy of Al N films grown by molecular beam epitaxy(MBE)on Al N/sapphire templates.The MBE epitaxy of Al N at the low temperature range,which is suitable for Al Ga N,encounters significant c...We have investigated homoepitaxy of Al N films grown by molecular beam epitaxy(MBE)on Al N/sapphire templates.The MBE epitaxy of Al N at the low temperature range,which is suitable for Al Ga N,encounters significant challenge in preventing Al droplet and pits,since the migration and desorption rate of Al atom are very low.In contrast,by elevating the growth temperature,such a difficulty can be effectively overcome,and we were able to grow Al N films with much improved surface morphology and obtained step flow growth mode without any Al droplets and pits.The cathodoluminescence spectroscopy indicate that the impurity incorporation and defect generation in the Al N epilayers was suppressed by elevating the growth temperature.A systematic investigation on the influence of Al beam flux and growth temperature in a very wide range on the Al N films has been conducted,and a comprehensive growth diagram of MBE Al N has been obtained.展开更多
Groundwater quality is pivotal for sustainable resource management,necessitating comprehen-sive investigation to safeguard this critical resource.This study introduces a novel methodology that inte-grates stiff diagra...Groundwater quality is pivotal for sustainable resource management,necessitating comprehen-sive investigation to safeguard this critical resource.This study introduces a novel methodology that inte-grates stiff diagrams,geostatistical analysis,and geometric computation to delineate the extent of a confined aquifer within the Chahrdoly aquifer,located west of Hamadan,Iran.For the first time,this approach combines these tools to map the boundaries of a confined aquifer based on hydrochemical characteristics.Stiff diagrams were used to calculate geometric parameters from groundwater chemistry data,followed by simulation using a linear model incorporating the semivariogram parameterγ(h).The Root Mean Square Error(RMSE)of the linear model was used to differentiate confined from unconfined aquifers based on hydrochemical signatures.Validation was conducted by generating a cross-sectional hydrogeological layer from well logs,confirming the presence of aquitard layers.The results successufully delineated the confined aquifer's extent,showing strong agreement with hydrogeological log data.By integrating stiff diagrams with semivariogram analysis,this study enhances the understanding of hydrochemical processes,offering a robust framework for groundwater resource identification and management.展开更多
Objective To develop an onset risk prediction nomogram for patients with homocysteine-type(H-type)hypertension(HTH)based on pulse diagram parameters to assist early clinical prediction and diagnosis of HTH.Methods Pat...Objective To develop an onset risk prediction nomogram for patients with homocysteine-type(H-type)hypertension(HTH)based on pulse diagram parameters to assist early clinical prediction and diagnosis of HTH.Methods Patients diagnosed with essential hypertension and admitted to Shanghai Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shang-hai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,and Shanghai Hospital of Integrated Tradition-al Chinese and Western Medicine from July 6th 2020 to June 16th 2021,and from August 11th 2023 to January 22nd 2024,were enrolled in this retrospective research.The baselines and clinical biochemical indicators of patients were collected.The SMART-I TCM pulse instru-ment was applied to gather pulse diagram parameters.Multivariate logistic regression was adopted to analyze the risk factors for HTH.RStudio was employed to construct the nomo-gram model,receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,and calibration curve(bootstrap self-sampling 200 times),and clinical decision curve were drawn to evaluate the model’s dis-crimination and clinical effectiveness.Results A total of 168 hospitalized patients with essential hypertension were selected and di-vided into non-HTH group(n=29)and HTH group(n=139).Compared with non-HTH group,HTH group had a lower body mass index(BMI),and higher proportions of male pa-tients and drinkers(P<0.05).The ventricular wall thickening(VWT)could not be deter-mined.The proportions of left common carotid intima-media wall thickness(LCCIMWT)and serum creatinine(SCR)were higher in HTH group(P<0.05).The pulse diagram parameter As was significantly higher,and H4/H1 and T1/T were lower in HTH group(P<0.05).Gender,al-cohol consumption,serum creatinine,and the pulse diagram parameter H4/H1 were identi-fied as independent risk factors for HTH(P<0.05).The nomogram’s area under the ROC curve(AUC)was 0.795[95%confidence interval(CI):(0.7066,0.8828)],with a specificity of 0.724 and sensitivity of 0.799.After 200 times repeated bootstrap self-samplings,the calibra-tion curve showed that the simulated curve fits well with the actual curve(x^(2)=9.5002,P=0.3019).The clinical decision curve indicated that the nomogram’s applicability was optimal when the threshold for predicting HTH was between 0.38 and 1.00.Conclusion The nomogram model could be valuable for predicting the onset risk of HTH and pulse diagram parameters can facilitate early screening and prevention of HTH.展开更多
High cost of raw materials and the insufficient research on alloy systems severely constrained the development of Cu-Be alloys.The complex coupling relationship between composition and preparation process poses challe...High cost of raw materials and the insufficient research on alloy systems severely constrained the development of Cu-Be alloys.The complex coupling relationship between composition and preparation process poses challenges to the use of machine learning methods for the precise design of Cu-Be alloy.This study develops a novel method for integrated design of copper alloy composition and processing based on a Long Short-Term Memory model followed by an Encoder model(LSTM-Encoder)and enriches the framework by integrating phase diagram information.This approach not only capitalizes on the patterns of microstructural evolution during heat treatment as indicated in phase diagrams to reveal their intrinsic links with alloy performance but also eliminates cross-interference within sample data,thus significantly enhancing the model's generalization and predictive accuracy,which achieves high efficient and precise design of low-cost(low Be content) and high-performance Cu-Be alloys.Compared with other models,the LSTM-Encoder model incorporating phase diagram information(LSTM-Encoder-Ⅱ) showed significant superiority in prediction accuracy.After two rounds of experimental verification and iteration,the LSTM-Encoder-Ⅱ model attained prediction accuracies of 96% for hardness and 93% for electrical conductivity.Various Cu-Be-X alloys with excellent comprehensive performance and low cost have been designed,and Cu-1.5Be-0.1Ni-0.3Co alloy achieves a tensile strength of 1211 MPa and an electrical conductivity of 30.3% IACS,and Cu-1.5Be-0.6Ni alloy attains a tensile strength of1290 MPa and an electrical conductivity of 29.3% IACS,both of which are comparable to the C17200 alloy,with raw material cost reduced by more than 14%.展开更多
Throughout the long development of the Silk Road,traditional medical techniques from various countries have continued to intersect and integrate,and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has also been transmitted to Eurasi...Throughout the long development of the Silk Road,traditional medical techniques from various countries have continued to intersect and integrate,and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has also been transmitted to Eurasia via the Silk Road.In the process of TCM knowledge dissemination,the tangible pulse diagnosis diagrams(脉诊图)have been collected in works such as Tānksūqnāmah(《伊利汗中国科技珍宝书》Ilkhanate Chinese Science and Technology Treasure Book),Specimen Medicinae Sinicae(《中医指南》A Guide to Traditional Chinese Medicine),and Die Chinesische Medizin(《中华医学》Chinese Medicine),and has become an important carrier and cultural symbol of pulse diagnostics,integrating into Eurasian medicine.The dissemination of TCM pulse diagnosis and the pulse diagnosis diagrams are closely related to Nan Jing(《难经》The Classic of Difficult Issues)and the pulse studies of the Jin dynasty medical scholar,Wang Shuhe(王叔和).The study found that the pulse diagnosis diagrams had distinct characteristics in its transmission to the West in different eras,and they are analyzed from the perspectives of“communicators(translators)”,“translation characteristics”,“cultural background”,“inheritance system”,revealing multiple integrations and transformations of ancient TCM pulse diagnosis diagrams in the East-West exchange and mutual learning.The pulse diagnosis diagrams have gradually become a symbol of TCM diagnostic methods,forming an inseparable link between TCM and pulse diagnosis in the minds of scholars and the public in the East and West.展开更多
The self-assembly of block copolymers serves as an effective approach for fabricating various periodic ordered nanostructures. By employing self-consistent field theory (SCFT) to calculate the phase diagrams of block ...The self-assembly of block copolymers serves as an effective approach for fabricating various periodic ordered nanostructures. By employing self-consistent field theory (SCFT) to calculate the phase diagrams of block copolymers, one can accurately predict their self-assembly behaviors, thus providing guidance for the fabrication of various novel structures. However, SCFT is highly sensitive to initial conditions because it finds the free energy minima through an iterative process. Consequently, constructing phase diagrams using SCFT typically requires predefined candidate structures based on the experience of researchers. Such experience-dependent strategies often miss some structures and thus result in inaccurate phase diagrams. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) techniques have demonstrated significant potential across diverse fields of science and technology. By leveraging AI methods, it is possible to reduce reliance on human experience, thereby constructing more robust and reliable phase diagrams. In this work, we demonstrate how to combine AI with SCFT to automatically search for self-assembled structures of block copolymers and construct phase diagrams. Our aim is to realize automatic construction of block copolymer phase diagrams while minimizing reliance on human prior knowledge.展开更多
Accurate identification of natural gas origin is fundamental to the theoretical research on natural gas geosciences and the exploration deployment and resource potential assessment of oil and gas.Since the 1970s,Acade...Accurate identification of natural gas origin is fundamental to the theoretical research on natural gas geosciences and the exploration deployment and resource potential assessment of oil and gas.Since the 1970s,Academician Dai Jinxing has developed a comprehensive system for natural gas origin determination,grounded in geochemical theory and practice,and based on the integrated analysis of stable isotopic compositions,molecular composition,light hydrocarbon fingerprints,and geological context.This paper systematically reviews the core framework established by him and his team according to related references and application results,focusing on the conceptual design and technical pathways of key diagnostic diagrams such asδ^(13)C_(1)-C_(1)/(C_(2)+C_(3)),δ^(13)C_(1)-δ^(13)C_(2)-δ^(13)C_(3),δ^(13)CCO_(2)versus CO_(2)content,and the C7light hydrocarbon ternary plot.We evaluate the applicability and innovation of these tools in distinguishing between oil-type gas,coal-derived gas,microbial gas,and abiogenic gas,as well as in identifying mixed-source gases and multi-stage charging systems.The findings suggest that this identification system has significantly advanced natural gas geochemical interpretation in China,shifting from single-indicator analyses to multi-parameter integration and from qualitative assessments to systematic graphical identification,and has also exerted considerable influence on international research in natural gas geochemistry.The structured overview of the development trajectory of natural gas origin discrimination methodologies provides a technical support for natural gas geological theory and practice and offers a scientific foundation for the academic evaluation and application of related achievements.展开更多
Aiming at node deployment in the monitoring area of the field observation instrument network in the cold and arid regions,we propose a virtual force algorithm based on Voronoi diagram(VFAVD),which adopts probabilistic...Aiming at node deployment in the monitoring area of the field observation instrument network in the cold and arid regions,we propose a virtual force algorithm based on Voronoi diagram(VFAVD),which adopts probabilistic sensing model that is more in line with the actual situation.First,the Voronoi diagram is constructed in the monitoring area to determine the Thiessen polygon of each node.Then,the virtual force on each node is calculated,and the node update its position according to the direction and size of the total force,so as to achieve the purpose of improving the network coverage rate.The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively improve the coverage rate of the network,and also has a good effect on the coverage uniformity.展开更多
Thermodynamic optimization of the AF-BeF_(2)(A=K,Rb,and Cs),KF-CsF,and RbF-CsF systems was performed within the framework of phase diagrams calculation.The model parameters were optimized based on experimental data an...Thermodynamic optimization of the AF-BeF_(2)(A=K,Rb,and Cs),KF-CsF,and RbF-CsF systems was performed within the framework of phase diagrams calculation.The model parameters were optimized based on experimental data and theoretically calculated values.The results show that the thermodynamically calculated values for the AF-BeF_(2)(A=K,Rb,and Cs),KF-CsF,and RbF-CsF systems agree well with the experimental data.Next,a set of reliable and self-consistent thermodynamic databases was built,and the liquidus projections and invariant points of the sub-ternary systems of the KF-RbF-CsF-BeF_(2)system were calculated.Furthermore,the melting temperature with the corresponding composition was predicted using the phase diagrams calculation technique,and the radial distribution functions,coordination numbers,angular distribution functions,and diffusion coefficients of the quaternary KF-RbF-CsF-BeF_(2)system were calculated using ab initio molecular dynamics.The results show that the quaternary KF-RbF-CsF-BeF_(2)system with the proportion 3.50-28.92-21.78-45.80 mol%or 1.80-35.42-52.40-10.38 mol%is one of the most promising candidate coolants for molten salt reactors in terms of thermodynamics and kinetics.This work provides direct guidelines for the screening and optimization of molten salts in the nuclear energy field.展开更多
Lithium-sulfur battery(LSB)has attracted worldwide attention owing to its overwhelmingly high theoretical energy density of 2600Wh/kg due to the unique 16-electron electrochemical conversion reaction of elemental sulf...Lithium-sulfur battery(LSB)has attracted worldwide attention owing to its overwhelmingly high theoretical energy density of 2600Wh/kg due to the unique 16-electron electrochemical conversion reaction of elemental sulfur(S_(8))[1].However,the electrochemical conversion reaction of S_(8) is an exceedingly complex process that involves the generation of multiple intermediates(e.g.,lithium polysulfides(LiPSs))and multiphase transitions[1,2].Currently,the mechanistic investigations of the electrochemical conversion reaction of S_(8) upon discharging a LSB cell heavily rely on electrochemical titration and spectroscopic techniques[3].Nevertheless,the considerable complexity and intrinsic instability of the LSB system present substantial obstacles to obtaining accurate information for all sulfur-containing species,which significantly obstructs in-depth elucidation of the fundamental discharge mechanism of LSB[3,4].展开更多
This paper is focused on the technique for de si gn and realization of the process communications about the computer-aided train diagram network system. The Windows Socket technique is adopted to program for the cli...This paper is focused on the technique for de si gn and realization of the process communications about the computer-aided train diagram network system. The Windows Socket technique is adopted to program for the client and the server to create system applications and solve the problems o f data transfer and data sharing in the system.展开更多
Fuel consumption in the COREX-3000 process run in Baosteel is currently higher than the design index. Therefore, mass and heat balance equations for the COREX process were established using the basic principles in- cl...Fuel consumption in the COREX-3000 process run in Baosteel is currently higher than the design index. Therefore, mass and heat balance equations for the COREX process were established using the basic principles in- cluded in the Rist operating diagram for blast furnace （BF） as a reference. Thermodynamic calculations were then used to modify the Rist operating diagram so that it was suitable for the COREX process. The modified Rist operating dia- gram was then applied for the evaluation of metallization rate （MR） and fuel structure to reduce the energy consump- tion in the COREX process. The modified Rist operating diagram for the shaft furnace （SF） provided a nearly ideal value for the restriction point W when the metallization rate was increased, while the point P on the operating line for the melter gasifier （MG） moved upward due to reduction in the heat required in hearth. The feasibility of reduc- ing the energy consumption during the COREX process by changing the fuel structure was also demonstrated.展开更多
Major defects in forming of conical cups are wrinkles and rupture.Hydrodynamic deep drawing assisted by radial pressure（HDDRP） is a sheet hydroforming process for production of shell cups in one step.In this work,pr...Major defects in forming of conical cups are wrinkles and rupture.Hydrodynamic deep drawing assisted by radial pressure（HDDRP） is a sheet hydroforming process for production of shell cups in one step.In this work,process window diagrams（PWDs） for Al1050-O,pure copper and DIN 1623 St14 steel are obtained for HDDRP process.The PWD is determined to provide a quick assessment of part producibility for sheet hydroforming process.Finite element method is used for this purpose considering the process parameters including pressure path,and the blank material and its thickness.Numerical results are validated by experiments.It is shown that the sheets with less initial thickness and higher strength show better formability and uniformity of thickness distribution on final product.The results demonstrate that the obtained PWD can predict appropriate forming area and probability of rupture or wrinkling occurrence under different pressure loading paths.展开更多
Based on the requirement of the new technology for producing potassium sulfate and N-Mg compound fertilizer,boussingaultite,by the reaction of the mineral shoenite from Kunteyi Salt Lake,Qinghai province,and the indus...Based on the requirement of the new technology for producing potassium sulfate and N-Mg compound fertilizer,boussingaultite,by the reaction of the mineral shoenite from Kunteyi Salt Lake,Qinghai province,and the industrial by-product ammonium sulfate,the solubilities of the quaternary system(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)-MgSO_(4)-K_(2)SO_(4)-H_(2)O at 25.0℃in the isothermal evaporation and crystallization process were measured using the isothermal evaporation method,and the corresponding phase diagrams were plotted.According to the diagram,this system contains six saturation points and six solid phase fields of crystallization,which correspond to(K1-m,(NH_(4))m)_(2)SO_(4),(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)·MgSO_(4)·6H_(2)O,K_(2)SO_(4)·MgSO_(4)·6H_(2)O,MgSO_(4)·6H_(2)O,(K1-n,(NH_(4))n)_(2)SO_(4)·MgSO_(4)·6H_(2)O and MgSO_(4)·7H_(2)O,respectively.By analyzing and calculating the isothermal evaporation and dissolution phase diagram of this quaternary system at 25.0℃,K_(2)SO_(4)and(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)·MgSO_(4)·6H_(2)O can be separated via K_(2)SO_(4)·MgSO_(4)·6H_(2)O and(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)as raw materials.Theoretical calculations about the proposed process were carried out and verified by experiment,which indicated that the yield of potassium sulfate was improved and the magnesium resources were fully utilized.展开更多
The ram speed and the billet temperature are the primary process variables that determine the quality of the extruded magnesium profile and the productivity of the extrusion operation.The optimization of the extrusion...The ram speed and the billet temperature are the primary process variables that determine the quality of the extruded magnesium profile and the productivity of the extrusion operation.The optimization of the extrusion process concerns the interplay between these two variables in relation to the extrudate temperature and the peak extrusion pressure.The 3D computer simulations were performed to determine the effects of the ram speed and the billet temperature on the extrudate temperature and the peak extrusion pressure,thereby providing guidelines for the process optimization and minimizing the number of trial extrusion runs needed for the process optimization.A case study on the extrusion of an AZ31 X-shaped profile was conducted.The correlations between the process variables and the response from the deformed material,extrudate temperature and peak extrusion pressure,were established from the 3D FEM simulations and verified by the experiment.The research opens up a way to rational selection of the process variables for ensured quality and maximum productivity of the magnesium extrusion.展开更多
Reducing CO_(2)emissions of the iron and steel industry,a typical heavy CO_(2)-emitting sector is the only way that must be passed to achieve the‘dual-carbon’goal,especially in China.In previous studies,however,it i...Reducing CO_(2)emissions of the iron and steel industry,a typical heavy CO_(2)-emitting sector is the only way that must be passed to achieve the‘dual-carbon’goal,especially in China.In previous studies,however,it is still unknown what is the difference between blast furnace basic oxygen furnace(BF-BOF),scrap-electric furnace(scrap-EF)and hydrogen metallurgy process.The quantitative research on the key factors affecting CO_(2)emissions is insufficient There is also a lack of research on the prediction of CO_(2)emissions by adjusting industria structure.Based on material flow analysis,this study establishes carbon flow diagrams o three processes,and then analyze the key factors affecting CO_(2)emissions.CO_(2)emissions of the iron and steel industry in the future is predicted by adjusting industrial structure The results show that:(1)The CO_(2)emissions of BF-BOF,scrap-EF and hydrogen metallurgy process in a site are 1417.26,542.93 and 1166.52 kg,respectively.(2)By increasing pellet ratio in blast furnace,scrap ratio in electric furnace,etc.,can effectively reduce CO_(2)emissions(3)Reducing the crude steel output is the most effective CO_(2)reduction measure.There is still 5.15×10^(8)-6.17×10^(8) tons of CO_(2)that needs to be reduced by additional measures.展开更多
In this study,a numerical analysis was conducted on the ductile fracture of a 2-mm diameter Mg-1Zn-0.5Mn-0.5Sr-0.1Ca alloy wire during drawing.The hexagonally close-packed crystal structure of Mg alloys causes asymmet...In this study,a numerical analysis was conducted on the ductile fracture of a 2-mm diameter Mg-1Zn-0.5Mn-0.5Sr-0.1Ca alloy wire during drawing.The hexagonally close-packed crystal structure of Mg alloys causes asymmetric fracture behavior,especially in the compression region.The aim of this study is to develop a comprehensive damage model for Mg alloy wire that accurately predicts ductile fracture,with a focus on the compression region.A novel experimental method was introduced to measure the ductile fracture of Mg alloy wires under different stress states.The wire drawing process was simulated using the Generalized Incremental Stress-State dependent damage(GISSMO)Model and the Semi-Analytical Model for Polymers(SAMP)model.The damage model's prediction and the experimental results were found to be in excellent agreement,especially in determining crack initiation.Computational analysis established a safe zone diagram for die angle and reduction ratio,and experimental validation confirmed the feasibility of this approach.The proposed damage model can provide a practical and reliable analysis for optimizing the drawing process of Mg alloy wire.展开更多
基金supported by the Yunnan Province Nonferrous Metal Vacuum Metallurgy Top Team[No.202305AS350012]。
文摘Magnesium(Mg),as one of the most abundant elements in earth's crust,is the lightest structural metal with extensive applications across various industries.However,the performance of Mg-based products is highly dependent on their impurity levels,and the lack of high-purity Mg,along with efficient purification method,has posed significant challenge to its widespread industrial adoption.This study investigates the impurity behavior in Mg ingots during the vacuum gasification purification process.Through the analysis of binary phase diagrams,iron(Fe)-based foam material was selected for the filtration and purification of Mg vapor in a vacuum tube furnace.A novel approach combining vacuum gasification,vapor purification,and directional condensation is proposed.The effect of filter pore sizes and filtration temperatures on the efficacy of impurity removal was evaluated.Experimental results demonstrate that Fe-based foam with a pore size of 60 ppi,at a filtration temperature of 773 K,effectively removes impurities such as calcium(Ca),potassium(K),sodium(Na),manganese(Mn),silicon(Si),aluminum(Al),and various oxides,sulfides,and chlorides from the vapor phase.Consequently,high-purity Mg with a purity level exceeding 5N3 was obtained in the condensation zone.
文摘The SiO_(2)'-CaO/(CaO+K_(2)O)(S'CK)diagram is an empirically derived major element-based equivalent to the modal IUGS alkali feldspar-quartz-plagioclase classification scheme for granitoids.It employs the content of SiO_(2)and CaO/(CaO+K_(2)O)ratio to approximate the IUGS classification diagram and a normative-based Q'-ANOR plot.Four trends have been superimposed onto the SiO_(2)'-CaO/(CaO+K_(2)O)diagram based on published datasets from the Peninsular Ranges(calcic:C),Tuolumne(calc-alkalic:CA),Sherman(alkali-calcic:AC),and Bjerkreim-Sokndal(alkalic:A)batholiths,which were employed to constrain the positions of the C-CA,CA-AC and AC-A suite boundaries on the SiO_(2)versus(Na_(2)O+K_(2)O-CaO)(or modified alkali-lime index,MALI)granitic classification diagram.A merit of the SiO_(2)'-CaO/(CaO+K_(2)O)plot is identifying rock types comprising a suite and their relative abundances.The distinguished projections of five typical granitoid assemblages,which are summarized by Bonin et al.(2020),demonstrate the ability of SiO_(2)'-CaO/(CaO+K_(2)O)diagram to decipher their petrogenesis.The SiO_(2)'-CaO/(CaO+K_(2)O)plots for the plutonic suites of'known'tectonic settings can reveal their evolution paths and the lithological statistics.Accordingly,it is suggested that the SiO_(2)'-CaO/(CaO+K_(2)O)plot can distinguish the tectonic environments of plutonic suits by comparing the plutonic suites or batholiths of'unknown'tectonic context to the published datasets from granitoid suites formed within'known'tectonic settings.The modified SiO_(2)'-CaO/(CaO+K_(2)O)diagram links the bulk chemical composition of granitoid suites to the likely source,magmatic evolution,and tectonic setting;thus,it may be a useful tectono-magmatic classification scheme for granitoid suites.
基金Project supported by the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(Grant No.2021ZD0303400)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2022YFB3605602 and 2024YFE0205000)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.BK20243037)the Jiangsu Special Professorship,Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid-state Lighting and Energy-saving Electronics,Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(Grant No.GZC20231098)。
文摘We have investigated homoepitaxy of Al N films grown by molecular beam epitaxy(MBE)on Al N/sapphire templates.The MBE epitaxy of Al N at the low temperature range,which is suitable for Al Ga N,encounters significant challenge in preventing Al droplet and pits,since the migration and desorption rate of Al atom are very low.In contrast,by elevating the growth temperature,such a difficulty can be effectively overcome,and we were able to grow Al N films with much improved surface morphology and obtained step flow growth mode without any Al droplets and pits.The cathodoluminescence spectroscopy indicate that the impurity incorporation and defect generation in the Al N epilayers was suppressed by elevating the growth temperature.A systematic investigation on the influence of Al beam flux and growth temperature in a very wide range on the Al N films has been conducted,and a comprehensive growth diagram of MBE Al N has been obtained.
文摘Groundwater quality is pivotal for sustainable resource management,necessitating comprehen-sive investigation to safeguard this critical resource.This study introduces a novel methodology that inte-grates stiff diagrams,geostatistical analysis,and geometric computation to delineate the extent of a confined aquifer within the Chahrdoly aquifer,located west of Hamadan,Iran.For the first time,this approach combines these tools to map the boundaries of a confined aquifer based on hydrochemical characteristics.Stiff diagrams were used to calculate geometric parameters from groundwater chemistry data,followed by simulation using a linear model incorporating the semivariogram parameterγ(h).The Root Mean Square Error(RMSE)of the linear model was used to differentiate confined from unconfined aquifers based on hydrochemical signatures.Validation was conducted by generating a cross-sectional hydrogeological layer from well logs,confirming the presence of aquitard layers.The results successufully delineated the confined aquifer's extent,showing strong agreement with hydrogeological log data.By integrating stiff diagrams with semivariogram analysis,this study enhances the understanding of hydrochemical processes,offering a robust framework for groundwater resource identification and management.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (81973749 and 8143594)State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine High-level Chinese Medicine Key Discipline Construction Project (zyyzdxk-2023069)。
文摘Objective To develop an onset risk prediction nomogram for patients with homocysteine-type(H-type)hypertension(HTH)based on pulse diagram parameters to assist early clinical prediction and diagnosis of HTH.Methods Patients diagnosed with essential hypertension and admitted to Shanghai Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shang-hai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,and Shanghai Hospital of Integrated Tradition-al Chinese and Western Medicine from July 6th 2020 to June 16th 2021,and from August 11th 2023 to January 22nd 2024,were enrolled in this retrospective research.The baselines and clinical biochemical indicators of patients were collected.The SMART-I TCM pulse instru-ment was applied to gather pulse diagram parameters.Multivariate logistic regression was adopted to analyze the risk factors for HTH.RStudio was employed to construct the nomo-gram model,receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,and calibration curve(bootstrap self-sampling 200 times),and clinical decision curve were drawn to evaluate the model’s dis-crimination and clinical effectiveness.Results A total of 168 hospitalized patients with essential hypertension were selected and di-vided into non-HTH group(n=29)and HTH group(n=139).Compared with non-HTH group,HTH group had a lower body mass index(BMI),and higher proportions of male pa-tients and drinkers(P<0.05).The ventricular wall thickening(VWT)could not be deter-mined.The proportions of left common carotid intima-media wall thickness(LCCIMWT)and serum creatinine(SCR)were higher in HTH group(P<0.05).The pulse diagram parameter As was significantly higher,and H4/H1 and T1/T were lower in HTH group(P<0.05).Gender,al-cohol consumption,serum creatinine,and the pulse diagram parameter H4/H1 were identi-fied as independent risk factors for HTH(P<0.05).The nomogram’s area under the ROC curve(AUC)was 0.795[95%confidence interval(CI):(0.7066,0.8828)],with a specificity of 0.724 and sensitivity of 0.799.After 200 times repeated bootstrap self-samplings,the calibra-tion curve showed that the simulated curve fits well with the actual curve(x^(2)=9.5002,P=0.3019).The clinical decision curve indicated that the nomogram’s applicability was optimal when the threshold for predicting HTH was between 0.38 and 1.00.Conclusion The nomogram model could be valuable for predicting the onset risk of HTH and pulse diagram parameters can facilitate early screening and prevention of HTH.
基金financial supplies supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52371038 and U2202255)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(No.2023RC1019)
文摘High cost of raw materials and the insufficient research on alloy systems severely constrained the development of Cu-Be alloys.The complex coupling relationship between composition and preparation process poses challenges to the use of machine learning methods for the precise design of Cu-Be alloy.This study develops a novel method for integrated design of copper alloy composition and processing based on a Long Short-Term Memory model followed by an Encoder model(LSTM-Encoder)and enriches the framework by integrating phase diagram information.This approach not only capitalizes on the patterns of microstructural evolution during heat treatment as indicated in phase diagrams to reveal their intrinsic links with alloy performance but also eliminates cross-interference within sample data,thus significantly enhancing the model's generalization and predictive accuracy,which achieves high efficient and precise design of low-cost(low Be content) and high-performance Cu-Be alloys.Compared with other models,the LSTM-Encoder model incorporating phase diagram information(LSTM-Encoder-Ⅱ) showed significant superiority in prediction accuracy.After two rounds of experimental verification and iteration,the LSTM-Encoder-Ⅱ model attained prediction accuracies of 96% for hardness and 93% for electrical conductivity.Various Cu-Be-X alloys with excellent comprehensive performance and low cost have been designed,and Cu-1.5Be-0.1Ni-0.3Co alloy achieves a tensile strength of 1211 MPa and an electrical conductivity of 30.3% IACS,and Cu-1.5Be-0.6Ni alloy attains a tensile strength of1290 MPa and an electrical conductivity of 29.3% IACS,both of which are comparable to the C17200 alloy,with raw material cost reduced by more than 14%.
基金financed by the grants from Beijing Philosophy and Social Science Foundation(No.21DTR047)Key projects of the“Challenge System”of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine(No.2024-JYB-JBZD-068).
文摘Throughout the long development of the Silk Road,traditional medical techniques from various countries have continued to intersect and integrate,and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has also been transmitted to Eurasia via the Silk Road.In the process of TCM knowledge dissemination,the tangible pulse diagnosis diagrams(脉诊图)have been collected in works such as Tānksūqnāmah(《伊利汗中国科技珍宝书》Ilkhanate Chinese Science and Technology Treasure Book),Specimen Medicinae Sinicae(《中医指南》A Guide to Traditional Chinese Medicine),and Die Chinesische Medizin(《中华医学》Chinese Medicine),and has become an important carrier and cultural symbol of pulse diagnostics,integrating into Eurasian medicine.The dissemination of TCM pulse diagnosis and the pulse diagnosis diagrams are closely related to Nan Jing(《难经》The Classic of Difficult Issues)and the pulse studies of the Jin dynasty medical scholar,Wang Shuhe(王叔和).The study found that the pulse diagnosis diagrams had distinct characteristics in its transmission to the West in different eras,and they are analyzed from the perspectives of“communicators(translators)”,“translation characteristics”,“cultural background”,“inheritance system”,revealing multiple integrations and transformations of ancient TCM pulse diagnosis diagrams in the East-West exchange and mutual learning.The pulse diagnosis diagrams have gradually become a symbol of TCM diagnostic methods,forming an inseparable link between TCM and pulse diagnosis in the minds of scholars and the public in the East and West.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52394272,22333002,22203018,22303017).
文摘The self-assembly of block copolymers serves as an effective approach for fabricating various periodic ordered nanostructures. By employing self-consistent field theory (SCFT) to calculate the phase diagrams of block copolymers, one can accurately predict their self-assembly behaviors, thus providing guidance for the fabrication of various novel structures. However, SCFT is highly sensitive to initial conditions because it finds the free energy minima through an iterative process. Consequently, constructing phase diagrams using SCFT typically requires predefined candidate structures based on the experience of researchers. Such experience-dependent strategies often miss some structures and thus result in inaccurate phase diagrams. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) techniques have demonstrated significant potential across diverse fields of science and technology. By leveraging AI methods, it is possible to reduce reliance on human experience, thereby constructing more robust and reliable phase diagrams. In this work, we demonstrate how to combine AI with SCFT to automatically search for self-assembled structures of block copolymers and construct phase diagrams. Our aim is to realize automatic construction of block copolymer phase diagrams while minimizing reliance on human prior knowledge.
基金Supported by the“14th Five-Year Plan”Prospective and Basic Research Project of CNP)(2021DJ0502)Open Project of Key Laboratory of Shale Gas Resource Exploration(Chongqing Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources),Ministry of Natural Resources(KLSGE-2023)National Natural Science Foundation of China(42172149,U2244209)。
文摘Accurate identification of natural gas origin is fundamental to the theoretical research on natural gas geosciences and the exploration deployment and resource potential assessment of oil and gas.Since the 1970s,Academician Dai Jinxing has developed a comprehensive system for natural gas origin determination,grounded in geochemical theory and practice,and based on the integrated analysis of stable isotopic compositions,molecular composition,light hydrocarbon fingerprints,and geological context.This paper systematically reviews the core framework established by him and his team according to related references and application results,focusing on the conceptual design and technical pathways of key diagnostic diagrams such asδ^(13)C_(1)-C_(1)/(C_(2)+C_(3)),δ^(13)C_(1)-δ^(13)C_(2)-δ^(13)C_(3),δ^(13)CCO_(2)versus CO_(2)content,and the C7light hydrocarbon ternary plot.We evaluate the applicability and innovation of these tools in distinguishing between oil-type gas,coal-derived gas,microbial gas,and abiogenic gas,as well as in identifying mixed-source gases and multi-stage charging systems.The findings suggest that this identification system has significantly advanced natural gas geochemical interpretation in China,shifting from single-indicator analyses to multi-parameter integration and from qualitative assessments to systematic graphical identification,and has also exerted considerable influence on international research in natural gas geochemistry.The structured overview of the development trajectory of natural gas origin discrimination methodologies provides a technical support for natural gas geological theory and practice and offers a scientific foundation for the academic evaluation and application of related achievements.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61862038)Lanzhou Talent Innovation and Entrepreneurship Technology Plan Project(No.2019-RC-14).
文摘Aiming at node deployment in the monitoring area of the field observation instrument network in the cold and arid regions,we propose a virtual force algorithm based on Voronoi diagram(VFAVD),which adopts probabilistic sensing model that is more in line with the actual situation.First,the Voronoi diagram is constructed in the monitoring area to determine the Thiessen polygon of each node.Then,the virtual force on each node is calculated,and the node update its position according to the direction and size of the total force,so as to achieve the purpose of improving the network coverage rate.The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively improve the coverage rate of the network,and also has a good effect on the coverage uniformity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12205364 and 12375282)Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Nos.2024A1515012570 and 2024A1515010885)the Fundamental Research funds for the Central Universities,Sun Yat sen University。
文摘Thermodynamic optimization of the AF-BeF_(2)(A=K,Rb,and Cs),KF-CsF,and RbF-CsF systems was performed within the framework of phase diagrams calculation.The model parameters were optimized based on experimental data and theoretically calculated values.The results show that the thermodynamically calculated values for the AF-BeF_(2)(A=K,Rb,and Cs),KF-CsF,and RbF-CsF systems agree well with the experimental data.Next,a set of reliable and self-consistent thermodynamic databases was built,and the liquidus projections and invariant points of the sub-ternary systems of the KF-RbF-CsF-BeF_(2)system were calculated.Furthermore,the melting temperature with the corresponding composition was predicted using the phase diagrams calculation technique,and the radial distribution functions,coordination numbers,angular distribution functions,and diffusion coefficients of the quaternary KF-RbF-CsF-BeF_(2)system were calculated using ab initio molecular dynamics.The results show that the quaternary KF-RbF-CsF-BeF_(2)system with the proportion 3.50-28.92-21.78-45.80 mol%or 1.80-35.42-52.40-10.38 mol%is one of the most promising candidate coolants for molten salt reactors in terms of thermodynamics and kinetics.This work provides direct guidelines for the screening and optimization of molten salts in the nuclear energy field.
文摘Lithium-sulfur battery(LSB)has attracted worldwide attention owing to its overwhelmingly high theoretical energy density of 2600Wh/kg due to the unique 16-electron electrochemical conversion reaction of elemental sulfur(S_(8))[1].However,the electrochemical conversion reaction of S_(8) is an exceedingly complex process that involves the generation of multiple intermediates(e.g.,lithium polysulfides(LiPSs))and multiphase transitions[1,2].Currently,the mechanistic investigations of the electrochemical conversion reaction of S_(8) upon discharging a LSB cell heavily rely on electrochemical titration and spectroscopic techniques[3].Nevertheless,the considerable complexity and intrinsic instability of the LSB system present substantial obstacles to obtaining accurate information for all sulfur-containing species,which significantly obstructs in-depth elucidation of the fundamental discharge mechanism of LSB[3,4].
文摘This paper is focused on the technique for de si gn and realization of the process communications about the computer-aided train diagram network system. The Windows Socket technique is adopted to program for the client and the server to create system applications and solve the problems o f data transfer and data sharing in the system.
基金Item Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China(50934007,50874129)National High-tech Research and Development Program of China(2009AA06Z105)+1 种基金Special Research Foundation of Young Teachers of University of Science and Technology Liaoning of China(2014QN30)Foundation of Liaoning Educational Committee of China(L2015264)
文摘Fuel consumption in the COREX-3000 process run in Baosteel is currently higher than the design index. Therefore, mass and heat balance equations for the COREX process were established using the basic principles in- cluded in the Rist operating diagram for blast furnace （BF） as a reference. Thermodynamic calculations were then used to modify the Rist operating diagram so that it was suitable for the COREX process. The modified Rist operating dia- gram was then applied for the evaluation of metallization rate （MR） and fuel structure to reduce the energy consump- tion in the COREX process. The modified Rist operating diagram for the shaft furnace （SF） provided a nearly ideal value for the restriction point W when the metallization rate was increased, while the point P on the operating line for the melter gasifier （MG） moved upward due to reduction in the heat required in hearth. The feasibility of reduc- ing the energy consumption during the COREX process by changing the fuel structure was also demonstrated.
文摘Major defects in forming of conical cups are wrinkles and rupture.Hydrodynamic deep drawing assisted by radial pressure（HDDRP） is a sheet hydroforming process for production of shell cups in one step.In this work,process window diagrams（PWDs） for Al1050-O,pure copper and DIN 1623 St14 steel are obtained for HDDRP process.The PWD is determined to provide a quick assessment of part producibility for sheet hydroforming process.Finite element method is used for this purpose considering the process parameters including pressure path,and the blank material and its thickness.Numerical results are validated by experiments.It is shown that the sheets with less initial thickness and higher strength show better formability and uniformity of thickness distribution on final product.The results demonstrate that the obtained PWD can predict appropriate forming area and probability of rupture or wrinkling occurrence under different pressure loading paths.
基金This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.21576066)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,China(No.B2017202268)the Research Fund Program of Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology(No.GC201816).
文摘Based on the requirement of the new technology for producing potassium sulfate and N-Mg compound fertilizer,boussingaultite,by the reaction of the mineral shoenite from Kunteyi Salt Lake,Qinghai province,and the industrial by-product ammonium sulfate,the solubilities of the quaternary system(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)-MgSO_(4)-K_(2)SO_(4)-H_(2)O at 25.0℃in the isothermal evaporation and crystallization process were measured using the isothermal evaporation method,and the corresponding phase diagrams were plotted.According to the diagram,this system contains six saturation points and six solid phase fields of crystallization,which correspond to(K1-m,(NH_(4))m)_(2)SO_(4),(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)·MgSO_(4)·6H_(2)O,K_(2)SO_(4)·MgSO_(4)·6H_(2)O,MgSO_(4)·6H_(2)O,(K1-n,(NH_(4))n)_(2)SO_(4)·MgSO_(4)·6H_(2)O and MgSO_(4)·7H_(2)O,respectively.By analyzing and calculating the isothermal evaporation and dissolution phase diagram of this quaternary system at 25.0℃,K_(2)SO_(4)and(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)·MgSO_(4)·6H_(2)O can be separated via K_(2)SO_(4)·MgSO_(4)·6H_(2)O and(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)as raw materials.Theoretical calculations about the proposed process were carried out and verified by experiment,which indicated that the yield of potassium sulfate was improved and the magnesium resources were fully utilized.
基金Project(2006BAE04B03)supported by the Chinese National S&T Program for the 11th Five-year Period
文摘The ram speed and the billet temperature are the primary process variables that determine the quality of the extruded magnesium profile and the productivity of the extrusion operation.The optimization of the extrusion process concerns the interplay between these two variables in relation to the extrudate temperature and the peak extrusion pressure.The 3D computer simulations were performed to determine the effects of the ram speed and the billet temperature on the extrudate temperature and the peak extrusion pressure,thereby providing guidelines for the process optimization and minimizing the number of trial extrusion runs needed for the process optimization.A case study on the extrusion of an AZ31 X-shaped profile was conducted.The correlations between the process variables and the response from the deformed material,extrudate temperature and peak extrusion pressure,were established from the 3D FEM simulations and verified by the experiment.The research opens up a way to rational selection of the process variables for ensured quality and maximum productivity of the magnesium extrusion.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52270177)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(No.2022QNRC001)the Key R&D Plan of Liaoning Province(No.2021JH2/10300103)。
文摘Reducing CO_(2)emissions of the iron and steel industry,a typical heavy CO_(2)-emitting sector is the only way that must be passed to achieve the‘dual-carbon’goal,especially in China.In previous studies,however,it is still unknown what is the difference between blast furnace basic oxygen furnace(BF-BOF),scrap-electric furnace(scrap-EF)and hydrogen metallurgy process.The quantitative research on the key factors affecting CO_(2)emissions is insufficient There is also a lack of research on the prediction of CO_(2)emissions by adjusting industria structure.Based on material flow analysis,this study establishes carbon flow diagrams o three processes,and then analyze the key factors affecting CO_(2)emissions.CO_(2)emissions of the iron and steel industry in the future is predicted by adjusting industrial structure The results show that:(1)The CO_(2)emissions of BF-BOF,scrap-EF and hydrogen metallurgy process in a site are 1417.26,542.93 and 1166.52 kg,respectively.(2)By increasing pellet ratio in blast furnace,scrap ratio in electric furnace,etc.,can effectively reduce CO_(2)emissions(3)Reducing the crude steel output is the most effective CO_(2)reduction measure.There is still 5.15×10^(8)-6.17×10^(8) tons of CO_(2)that needs to be reduced by additional measures.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(Nos.2020R1A2C2010986,2022M3H4A1A04085301)。
文摘In this study,a numerical analysis was conducted on the ductile fracture of a 2-mm diameter Mg-1Zn-0.5Mn-0.5Sr-0.1Ca alloy wire during drawing.The hexagonally close-packed crystal structure of Mg alloys causes asymmetric fracture behavior,especially in the compression region.The aim of this study is to develop a comprehensive damage model for Mg alloy wire that accurately predicts ductile fracture,with a focus on the compression region.A novel experimental method was introduced to measure the ductile fracture of Mg alloy wires under different stress states.The wire drawing process was simulated using the Generalized Incremental Stress-State dependent damage(GISSMO)Model and the Semi-Analytical Model for Polymers(SAMP)model.The damage model's prediction and the experimental results were found to be in excellent agreement,especially in determining crack initiation.Computational analysis established a safe zone diagram for die angle and reduction ratio,and experimental validation confirmed the feasibility of this approach.The proposed damage model can provide a practical and reliable analysis for optimizing the drawing process of Mg alloy wire.
