To determine the effects of preharvest arginine spraying on the nutritional level of broccoli and the mechanism of action of arginine in improving the storage quality of broccoli,arginine spraying(5 mmol/L)was conduct...To determine the effects of preharvest arginine spraying on the nutritional level of broccoli and the mechanism of action of arginine in improving the storage quality of broccoli,arginine spraying(5 mmol/L)was conducted at 0,1,3,and 5 days before harvest.The appearance,respiration rate,mass-loss rate,electrolyte leakage,glucosinolate,ascorbic acid,total phenol,total flavonoid,total sugar and sucrose contents,and sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS),invertase(INV),sucrose synthase synthesis(SSS)and cleavage(SSC)activities of broccoli samples were observed after 0,2,4,6,8,and 10 days of storage.The results showed that spraying arginine at 5 days preharvest(5-ARG)helped to inhibit broccoli respiration during storage,delay electrolyte leakage,and maintain broccoli color.Furthermore,during the growth stage,total sugar accumulation was higher in the 5-ARG group.In addition,during the storage period,sucrose synthesis was accelerated,while sucrose cleavage was inhibited,resulting in more sucrose retention in postharvest broccoli.In conclusion,5-ARG resulted in the accumulation of more nutrients during the growth process and effectively delayed the quality decline during storage,thereby prolonging the shelf life of broccoli.Therefore,this study provides a theoretical basis for improving postharvest storage characteristics of broccoli through preharvest treatments.展开更多
The capability of yeast Trichosporon sp., an antagonist isolated from peach fruit, in biological control was evaluated in apple ( Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Fuji) fruits, when inoculated with different concentr...The capability of yeast Trichosporon sp., an antagonist isolated from peach fruit, in biological control was evaluated in apple ( Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Fuji) fruits, when inoculated with different concentrations of Botrytis cinerea Pers. and Penicillium expansum (Link) Thom, as well as in combination with calcium and fungicide. The concentrations of the yeast cells and pathogen spores obviously influenced disease incidence and lesion development in apples. There was a significant negative correlation between concentrations of the yeast cells and infectivity of the pathogens. When the yeast cell suspensions reached the concentration of 10 8 colony_forming units (CFU) /mL, there was no infection caused by B. cinerea and P. expansum with spore concentrations below 10 6 spores/mL in apple fruits. The yeast at concentrations of 10 6-10 7 CFU/mL in combination with fungicide (iprodione at 50 μL/L) provided control of decay caused by B. cinerea and P. expansum better than separate application. Effect of controlling gray mould and blue mould rots was enhanced when Trichosporon sp., even at low concentration of 10 5 CFU/mL, was applied in the presence of 1%-2% CaCl 2 in an aqueous suspension.展开更多
[Objective] The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of chitosan with different molecular weights on quality and lignification of postharvest Chi- nese chive scapes （Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Sprengel...[Objective] The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of chitosan with different molecular weights on quality and lignification of postharvest Chi- nese chive scapes （Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Sprengel）. [Method] Some physio- logical and biochemical indexes such as weight loss, decay index, opening rate of flowers, chlorophyll and ascorbic acid content, respiration rate, the activities of enzymes, lignin and cellulose content of Chinese chive scapes treated with three kinds of chitosan with different molecular weights were investigated during the room stor- age at 20 ℃ to simulate shelf life. [Result] The results showed that all the treat- ments of chitosan with different molecular weights significantly delayed weight loss, decay index and opening rate of flowers, maintained higher chlorophyll and ascorbic acid content, inhibited respiration rate, reduced the activities of enzymes phenylala- nine ammonia lyase, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase and peroxidase, and retarded lignin and cellulose accumulation during the storage of Chinese chive scapes. However, high molecular weight chitosan has better preservation effect on Chinese chive scapes. [Conclusion] The results suggest that the coating treatment of high molecu- lar weight chitosan may be a promising technique to maintain postharvest quality of Chinese chive scapes.展开更多
The surge in environmental pollution in recent years driven by numerous pollutants has necessitated the search for efficient removal methods.Phytoremediation is an eco-friendly technique that provides multiple benefit...The surge in environmental pollution in recent years driven by numerous pollutants has necessitated the search for efficient removal methods.Phytoremediation is an eco-friendly technique that provides multiple benefits over conventional methods of removing contaminants.Despite the numerous benefits of this technique,it has certain limitations that can be addressed by incorporating nanoparticles to improve its effectiveness.This review paper aims to explore the impact of heavy metal pollution on plants and human health.It highlights the role and mechanism of nanoparticles in enhancing phytoremediation,their application in the detection of heavy metals,and the strategies for the safe disposal of phytoremediation biomass.Biosynthesized nanoparticles are eco-friendly and non-toxic,with applications in biomedical and environmental fields.Nanoparticles can be used in the form of nano biosensors like smartphone-operated wireless sensors made from Cinnamomum camphora,enabling efficient detection of heavy metal ions.According to the studies,nanoparticles remove 80%–97%of heavy metals by various methods like reduction,precipitation,adsorption,etc.The phytoremediation biomass disposal can be done by heat treatment,phytomining,and microbial treatment with some modifications to further enhance their results.Phytoremediation is an environmentally friendly technique but requires further research and integration with biomass energy production to overcome scalability challenges and ensure safe biomass disposal.展开更多
An experiment on retail film packaging system was conducted to compare the atmospheric composition within sealed packs containing rambutan fruits. This research was done in order to study the effect of packaging films...An experiment on retail film packaging system was conducted to compare the atmospheric composition within sealed packs containing rambutan fruits. This research was done in order to study the effect of packaging films with different permeability on the some of physicochemical properties of rambutan during storage at 10℃. The films used were 0.090 mm low density polyethylene （LDPE）, 0.040 mm polyprophylene and 0.057 mm LDPE compared unwrapped fruits. Fruits were evaluated every 5 days for changes in moisture content, total sugars, vitamin C, hardness and color. Unwrapped rambutan had severe browning after 10 days. Sealed packages especially the LDPE had delayed the development of the browning for 20 days of storage and had the lowest weight loss.展开更多
An experiment retail film packaging system was used to compare the atmospheric composition within sealed packs containing barangan banana fruits. This research was done in order to study the effect of packaging films ...An experiment retail film packaging system was used to compare the atmospheric composition within sealed packs containing barangan banana fruits. This research was done in order to study the effect of packaging films with different permeability properties on the physicochemicalproperties of barangan banana during storage at room temperature （28 ± 2 °C） and at 15 °C. The films used were 0.09 mm low density polyethylene （LDPE）, 0.04 mm polypropylene and 0.057 mm LDPE compared with unwrapped fruits as control. Barangan bananas were evaluated each 5 days intervals for changes in moisture content, total sugars, vitamin C, hardness and color. Unwrapped barangan bananas were overripe and soft after 15 days at both temperature conditions. Sealed packages especially using LDPE at 15 °C delayed the development of the yellow color of banana until 20 days of storage and had the lowest weight loss.展开更多
Preservation technology of light control has received the widespread atten- tion for its safety, green, environmental-protection, high efficiency. It has become the hotspot in the area of postharvest vegetables preser...Preservation technology of light control has received the widespread atten- tion for its safety, green, environmental-protection, high efficiency. It has become the hotspot in the area of postharvest vegetables preservation. It could mainly be divid- ed into three categories： LED preservation, UV preservation and radiation preserva- tion. This paper systematically reviewed the mechanisms of different preservation technology of light control, summarized the research progress of light-controlled tech- nology in the physiological characteristics regulation, maintenance of nutritional quali- ty and microbial control of postharvest vegetables at home and aborad, and prospected the further studies on preservation technology for postharvest vegetables.展开更多
The effects of active modified atmosphere packaging （MAP） on the postharvest quality of shiitake mushrooms stored at cold temperature （4°C） were investigated.The gas components were 2% O2 ＋7% CO2 （MAP1）,2%...The effects of active modified atmosphere packaging （MAP） on the postharvest quality of shiitake mushrooms stored at cold temperature （4°C） were investigated.The gas components were 2% O2 ＋7% CO2 （MAP1）,2% O2 ＋10% CO2 （MAP2） and 2% O2 ＋13% CO2 （MAP3）,respectively.The results showed that active MAP could extend the shelf-life of shiitake mushrooms to 17 d and the concentration of carbon dioxide could influence the postharvest quality of shiitake mushrooms.MAP2 treatment inhibited the increase in respiration rate and malondinaldehyde （MDA） contents,delayed the decrease in firmness,soluble sugar and vitamin C,and obviously reduced the activity of polyphenol oxidase （PPO） and the degree of browning,therefore maintaining better quality.展开更多
The effectiveness ofpostharvest β-aminobutyric acid （BABA） treatment was studied for inducing resistance against dry rot caused by Fusarium sulphureum in tubers and slices of two potato cultivars （resistant cultiv...The effectiveness ofpostharvest β-aminobutyric acid （BABA） treatment was studied for inducing resistance against dry rot caused by Fusarium sulphureum in tubers and slices of two potato cultivars （resistant cultivar Shepody and susceptible cultivar Xindaping）. The results showed that BABA at 100 mmol L-1 significantly reduced lesion diameter in inoculated both tubers and slices. The chemical at 100 mmol L-1 showed an effective reduction in infection ability ofF. sulphureum inoculated 48 and 72 h after treatment in slices of resistant cultivar, and 72 and 96 h in susceptible ones. BABA increased the activitives of peroxidase （POD）, polyphenoloxidase （PPO） and phenylalanine ammonialyase （PAL）, and accumulated the contents of lignin, flavonoids and phenolics in slices. The resistant cultivar had a stronger resistant response than the susceptible one. These findings suggest that the BABA treatment can induce the resistance in potato tubers, however, the inducing degree depends on the original level of resistance present in each cultivar.展开更多
The kiwifruit trees(Actinidia deliciosa cv.Bruno)were sprayed with 5 mmol L-1 oxalic acid(OA)or water(as control)at 130,137 or 144 d after full-blossom,and then the fruit were harvested at commercial maturity and stor...The kiwifruit trees(Actinidia deliciosa cv.Bruno)were sprayed with 5 mmol L-1 oxalic acid(OA)or water(as control)at 130,137 or 144 d after full-blossom,and then the fruit were harvested at commercial maturity and stored at room temperature(20±1)℃ for 13 d.The effect of pre-harvest spraying of OA on postharvest quality of kiwifruit was evaluated during storage.The OA spraying slowed the increase in soluble solids content(SSC)and decrease in titratable acid(TA),as well as increased contents of ascorbic acid(AsA)and total-AsA accompanied with higher AsA/DHA ratio in kiwifruit during storage.Moreover,the OA spraying significantly reduced the contents of acetaldehyde and ethanol in kiwifruit,along with significant decrease in activities of enzymes involved in ethanol fermentation metabolism during the later period of storage,which was beneficial to control off-flavor associated with over accumulation of ethanol during postharvest.It was suggested that pre-harvest spraying of OA might maintain the postharvest quality of kiwifruit in relation to delay in fruit ripening,AsA maintenance and regulation of ethanol fermentation.展开更多
Mature-green tomato fruit （Solanum lycopersicum cv. Zhenfen 202） were exposed to different UV-C irradiation at 2, 4, 8, and 16 kJ m-2 and then stored under the dark at 14°C and 95% relative humidity （RH） for ...Mature-green tomato fruit （Solanum lycopersicum cv. Zhenfen 202） were exposed to different UV-C irradiation at 2, 4, 8, and 16 kJ m-2 and then stored under the dark at 14°C and 95% relative humidity （RH） for 35 d. Of these four doses, UV-C irradiation at 4 and 8 kJ m-2 significantly increased total phenolic contents in present tomato fruit by 21.2 and 20.2%, respectively. Furthermore, UV-C irradiation at 4 or 8 kJ m-2 promoted the accumulation of total flavonoids and increased the antioxidant activity. 2 or 16 kJ m-2 UV-C irradiation also enhanced antioxidant activity, but to a lesser extent. Seven phenolic compounds, viz., gallic acid, （＋）-catechin, chlorogenic acid, cafferic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, and quercetin in tomato fruit were identified and quantified by HPLC. Gallic acid was the major phenolic compound in tomato fruit and significantly correlated with antioxidant activity. 4 or 8 kJ m-2 UV-C irradiation significantly increased the contents of gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, and quercetin. The optimum dose of UV-C irradiation in terms of increased phenolic compound content and enhanced Antioxidant activity was determined to be 4 or 8 kJ m-2.展开更多
Pear is an important fruit crop in the world. An uncharacterized disease has been observed on pear fruits during cold storage ir~ Suning, Shenzhou, Xinji and other locations in Hebei Province, China. The incidence rat...Pear is an important fruit crop in the world. An uncharacterized disease has been observed on pear fruits during cold storage ir~ Suning, Shenzhou, Xinji and other locations in Hebei Province, China. The incidence rate of the disease has reached 10%, and sometimes up to 20%. A particular fungus was consistently isolated from the infected pear fruit and cultured. Based on its morphology, molecular characteristics, pathogenicity and ITS sequence, the fungus was identified as Athelia bombacina. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Athelia bombacina causing postharvest fruit rot on pear.展开更多
The storage period of fleshy fruits greatly affects their quality and selection,and is largely controlled by genetic factors.Therefore,it is imperative to elucidate how genetic factors affect fruit ripening and its st...The storage period of fleshy fruits greatly affects their quality and selection,and is largely controlled by genetic factors.Therefore,it is imperative to elucidate how genetic factors affect fruit ripening and its storage.Here,we evaluated the postharvest storage properties of the basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)transcription factor MdbHLH3-overexpressing transgenic Royal gala apple fruits.During storage,the contents of starch,malic acid,fructose,glucose,and sucrose in fruits of three MdbHLH3 transgenic lines were always higher than those of the wild-type(WT)control.Interestingly,the sugar-acid ratio also showed the same trend during fruit storage.Additionally,the fruit firmness decreased with increasing storage time,and the contents of cell wall components such as water-soluble pectin and cellulose in transgenic fruits were higher than those in control fruits,while the firmness of transgenic fruits was lower than that in WT control fruits.Though the ethylene release rate in both showed the same trend(firstly increasing,then decreasing,and finally peaking)in 90-day stored fruits,transgenic apples had higher ethylene levels than the WT control throughout storage.Furthermore,the activities of membrane peroxidase,antioxidant enzymes,and fruit ripening enzymes in all transgenic fruits were significantly higher than those in the WT control.Thus,our findings show how MdbHLH3 negatively regulates and reduces apple storage time.This may prove useful for not only developing biotechnological strategies,but also support traditional breeding programs,to help improve the storage time of fleshy fruits.展开更多
Fresh fruits are susceptible to bruising, a common type of mechanical damage during harvest and at all stages of postharvest handling. In quest of developing and adoption of strategies to reduce bruise damage, it is o...Fresh fruits are susceptible to bruising, a common type of mechanical damage during harvest and at all stages of postharvest handling. In quest of developing and adoption of strategies to reduce bruise damage, it is of utmost importance to understand major factors influencing bruise susceptibility of fresh produce at these stages. This review presents a critical discussion of factors affecting bruising during harvest and postharvest handling of fresh fruits. Excessive compression forces during harvesting by handpicking or machines, and a series of impacts during harvesting, transport and packhouse operations can cause severe bruise damage. The review has further revealed that bruising is dependent on a number of other factors such as produce maturity, ripening, harvest time(during the day or season) and time lapse after harvest. The susceptibility to bruising is partly dependent on how these factors alter the produce physiological and biochemical properties, and the environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity and several other postharvest treatments. Hence, the successful applications of harvesting techniques by use of trained personnel and proper harvesting equipment are essential to reduce both the incidence and severity of bruising.Furthermore, the careful selection of postharvest handling temperature and other treatments can increase resistance of fresh produce to bruise damage.展开更多
Fresh fruits are highly valued by consumers worldwide,owing to their delicious flavors,abundant nutrients,and health-promoting characteristics,and as such,fruits make up an important component of a healthy diet.The po...Fresh fruits are highly valued by consumers worldwide,owing to their delicious flavors,abundant nutrients,and health-promoting characteristics,and as such,fruits make up an important component of a healthy diet.The postharvest quality and safety of fresh fruit involve complex interactions among the fruit,environmental factors,and postharvest pathogens.Efficient regulation of fruit senescence and pathogen resistance,as well as disease-causing abilities of postharvest pathogens,is critical to understanding the fundamental mechanisms that underlie fruit quality and safety.This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent advances and currently available strategies for maintaining fruit quality and controlling major postharvest pathogens,mainly Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum,which may promote sustainable and environmental-friendly development of the fruit industry.展开更多
Cuticular wax plays a major role in the growth and storage of plant fruits.The cuticular wax coating,which covers the outermost layer of a fruit’s epidermal cells,is insoluble in water.Cuticular wax is mainly compose...Cuticular wax plays a major role in the growth and storage of plant fruits.The cuticular wax coating,which covers the outermost layer of a fruit’s epidermal cells,is insoluble in water.Cuticular wax is mainly composed of very long-chain fatty acids(VLCFAs);their derivatives,including esters,primary alcohols,secondary alcohols,aldehydes,and ketones;and triterpenoids.This complex mixture of lipids is probably biosynthesized in the epidermal cells of most plants and exuded onto the surface.Cuticular wax not only makes the fruit less susceptible to microbial infection but also reduces mechanical damage to the fruit,thereby maintaining the fruit’s commodity value.To date,research has mostly focused on the changes,function,and regulation of fruit wax before harvest,while ignoring the changes and functions of wax in fruit storage.This paper reviews on the composition,structure,and metabolic regulation of cuticular wax in fruits.It also focuses on postharvest factors affecting wax composition,such as storage temperature,relative humidity(RH),gas atmosphere,and as exogenous hormones;and the effects of wax on fruit postharvest quality,including water dispersion,fruit softening,physiological disorders,and disease resistance.These summaries may be of assistance in better understanding the changes in cuticular wax in postharvest fruit and the resulting effects on fruit quality.展开更多
As a synthetic functional analog of salicylic acid, 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid(INA) is effective in inducing the host disease resistance of a plant against a pathogen. The effects of INA on controlling postharvest ...As a synthetic functional analog of salicylic acid, 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid(INA) is effective in inducing the host disease resistance of a plant against a pathogen. The effects of INA on controlling postharvest blue and green molds and anthracnose decay and defense-related enzymes on citrus fruits were investigated, and the ascorbic acid of naturally infected citrus flavedo was also measured. Results showed that 1.0 mmol L^(–1) INA treatments significantly reduced blue and green molds and anthracnose decay development on both wound-inoculated fruit and naturally-infected fruit compared with the control fruit. The treatment effectively enhanced the β-1,3-glucanase(GLU), chitinase(CHI), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL) and peroxidase(POD) activities and the polyphenol oxidase(PPO) in flavedo. The results presented here suggest that INA might be used as a chemical fungicide substitution to control postharvest diseases in citrus fruits.展开更多
Use of pesticides,herbicides and fertilizers is among the techniques to control insect pests and fungal pathogens.However,the technique is the major contributor to severe environmental implications in terms of air,wat...Use of pesticides,herbicides and fertilizers is among the techniques to control insect pests and fungal pathogens.However,the technique is the major contributor to severe environmental implications in terms of air,water and soil pollution.Besides,variable inconsistency becomes an important issue in the implementation of inclined bed dryers,leading to significant rice grain loss.Cold plasma technology has been widely proposed as a potential alternative for rice grain postharvest treatment management due to the presence of generated ionised gas that eventually produces reactive oxygen species or reactive nitrogen species.These species are used to decontaminate foodborne pathogens,mycotoxins and bacterial diseases.This review explores the current literature regarding cold plasma treatment technology,focusing on its efficiency as the microbial decontamination medium and insect pest mortality medium,and on the enhancement functional,nutritional and cooking properties,especially in rice grains.Previous studies have successfully demonstrated the ability of cold plasma treatment to significantly reduce the microbial count of foodborne pathogens,detoxify mycotoxins,and control seedborne rice seedling bacterial diseases.Previous studies have also proved that the implementation of cold plasma technology in postharvest management should be seriously considered for improving rice grain quantity and quality in Malaysia.展开更多
The detection in August 2015 of the Oriental Fruit Fly (Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel, Diptera: Tephritidae) in the Redland area in Miami-Dade County, Florida triggered a quarantine that restricted the movement of fruit ...The detection in August 2015 of the Oriental Fruit Fly (Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel, Diptera: Tephritidae) in the Redland area in Miami-Dade County, Florida triggered a quarantine that restricted the movement of fruit fly host material in an approximately 99-square mile (256-square kilometer) area. The quarantine affected 4000 acres of fruit bearing commercial avocado groves. Approved post-harvest treatments for B. dorsalis and avocado included in the USDA Treatment Manual were acceptable for immediate certification and movement of fresh avocados from the quarantine area. However, it was unknown if Florida avocados would meet quality standards (US combination grade) after the treatments. Three post-harvest treatments that combine methyl bromide fumigation and cold storage periods were tested on six avocado varieties from Florida. The treatments differed in the durations of the fumigation and cold treatment periods. A seven day transit period at 8.3°C (47°F) was added to account for the time when the fruit leaves the packing house until it is sold by retailers. None of the six varieties had met the US combination grade after the treatments and transit period. Treated fruit exhibited both internal (pulp) and external (skin) damage. Damage was attributed to the fumigation component of the treatment, but the six varieties tolerated the cold portion of the treatment. Damage by fumigation ranged from 26% - 100%. In general, the longer the fumigation period the worse the effect. The need for alternative post-harvest treatments for Florida avocados is discussed.展开更多
文摘To determine the effects of preharvest arginine spraying on the nutritional level of broccoli and the mechanism of action of arginine in improving the storage quality of broccoli,arginine spraying(5 mmol/L)was conducted at 0,1,3,and 5 days before harvest.The appearance,respiration rate,mass-loss rate,electrolyte leakage,glucosinolate,ascorbic acid,total phenol,total flavonoid,total sugar and sucrose contents,and sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS),invertase(INV),sucrose synthase synthesis(SSS)and cleavage(SSC)activities of broccoli samples were observed after 0,2,4,6,8,and 10 days of storage.The results showed that spraying arginine at 5 days preharvest(5-ARG)helped to inhibit broccoli respiration during storage,delay electrolyte leakage,and maintain broccoli color.Furthermore,during the growth stage,total sugar accumulation was higher in the 5-ARG group.In addition,during the storage period,sucrose synthesis was accelerated,while sucrose cleavage was inhibited,resulting in more sucrose retention in postharvest broccoli.In conclusion,5-ARG resulted in the accumulation of more nutrients during the growth process and effectively delayed the quality decline during storage,thereby prolonging the shelf life of broccoli.Therefore,this study provides a theoretical basis for improving postharvest storage characteristics of broccoli through preharvest treatments.
文摘The capability of yeast Trichosporon sp., an antagonist isolated from peach fruit, in biological control was evaluated in apple ( Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Fuji) fruits, when inoculated with different concentrations of Botrytis cinerea Pers. and Penicillium expansum (Link) Thom, as well as in combination with calcium and fungicide. The concentrations of the yeast cells and pathogen spores obviously influenced disease incidence and lesion development in apples. There was a significant negative correlation between concentrations of the yeast cells and infectivity of the pathogens. When the yeast cell suspensions reached the concentration of 10 8 colony_forming units (CFU) /mL, there was no infection caused by B. cinerea and P. expansum with spore concentrations below 10 6 spores/mL in apple fruits. The yeast at concentrations of 10 6-10 7 CFU/mL in combination with fungicide (iprodione at 50 μL/L) provided control of decay caused by B. cinerea and P. expansum better than separate application. Effect of controlling gray mould and blue mould rots was enhanced when Trichosporon sp., even at low concentration of 10 5 CFU/mL, was applied in the presence of 1%-2% CaCl 2 in an aqueous suspension.
基金Supported by Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund[CX(11)4056]Strategic Key Project of Jiangsu Provincial Science and Technology Development(BE 2012417)~~
文摘[Objective] The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of chitosan with different molecular weights on quality and lignification of postharvest Chi- nese chive scapes （Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Sprengel）. [Method] Some physio- logical and biochemical indexes such as weight loss, decay index, opening rate of flowers, chlorophyll and ascorbic acid content, respiration rate, the activities of enzymes, lignin and cellulose content of Chinese chive scapes treated with three kinds of chitosan with different molecular weights were investigated during the room stor- age at 20 ℃ to simulate shelf life. [Result] The results showed that all the treat- ments of chitosan with different molecular weights significantly delayed weight loss, decay index and opening rate of flowers, maintained higher chlorophyll and ascorbic acid content, inhibited respiration rate, reduced the activities of enzymes phenylala- nine ammonia lyase, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase and peroxidase, and retarded lignin and cellulose accumulation during the storage of Chinese chive scapes. However, high molecular weight chitosan has better preservation effect on Chinese chive scapes. [Conclusion] The results suggest that the coating treatment of high molecu- lar weight chitosan may be a promising technique to maintain postharvest quality of Chinese chive scapes.
文摘The surge in environmental pollution in recent years driven by numerous pollutants has necessitated the search for efficient removal methods.Phytoremediation is an eco-friendly technique that provides multiple benefits over conventional methods of removing contaminants.Despite the numerous benefits of this technique,it has certain limitations that can be addressed by incorporating nanoparticles to improve its effectiveness.This review paper aims to explore the impact of heavy metal pollution on plants and human health.It highlights the role and mechanism of nanoparticles in enhancing phytoremediation,their application in the detection of heavy metals,and the strategies for the safe disposal of phytoremediation biomass.Biosynthesized nanoparticles are eco-friendly and non-toxic,with applications in biomedical and environmental fields.Nanoparticles can be used in the form of nano biosensors like smartphone-operated wireless sensors made from Cinnamomum camphora,enabling efficient detection of heavy metal ions.According to the studies,nanoparticles remove 80%–97%of heavy metals by various methods like reduction,precipitation,adsorption,etc.The phytoremediation biomass disposal can be done by heat treatment,phytomining,and microbial treatment with some modifications to further enhance their results.Phytoremediation is an environmentally friendly technique but requires further research and integration with biomass energy production to overcome scalability challenges and ensure safe biomass disposal.
文摘An experiment on retail film packaging system was conducted to compare the atmospheric composition within sealed packs containing rambutan fruits. This research was done in order to study the effect of packaging films with different permeability on the some of physicochemical properties of rambutan during storage at 10℃. The films used were 0.090 mm low density polyethylene （LDPE）, 0.040 mm polyprophylene and 0.057 mm LDPE compared unwrapped fruits. Fruits were evaluated every 5 days for changes in moisture content, total sugars, vitamin C, hardness and color. Unwrapped rambutan had severe browning after 10 days. Sealed packages especially the LDPE had delayed the development of the browning for 20 days of storage and had the lowest weight loss.
文摘An experiment retail film packaging system was used to compare the atmospheric composition within sealed packs containing barangan banana fruits. This research was done in order to study the effect of packaging films with different permeability properties on the physicochemicalproperties of barangan banana during storage at room temperature （28 ± 2 °C） and at 15 °C. The films used were 0.09 mm low density polyethylene （LDPE）, 0.04 mm polypropylene and 0.057 mm LDPE compared with unwrapped fruits as control. Barangan bananas were evaluated each 5 days intervals for changes in moisture content, total sugars, vitamin C, hardness and color. Unwrapped barangan bananas were overripe and soft after 15 days at both temperature conditions. Sealed packages especially using LDPE at 15 °C delayed the development of the yellow color of banana until 20 days of storage and had the lowest weight loss.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0400901)the China Agricultural Research System for Staple Vegetables(CARS-25)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31401536)the Research and Demonstration of Ecological and High-efficient Production Technology for Horticultural Plants in the Uncultivated Area of Northwest China(201203095)the Youth Foundation of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences(201709)~~
文摘Preservation technology of light control has received the widespread atten- tion for its safety, green, environmental-protection, high efficiency. It has become the hotspot in the area of postharvest vegetables preservation. It could mainly be divid- ed into three categories： LED preservation, UV preservation and radiation preserva- tion. This paper systematically reviewed the mechanisms of different preservation technology of light control, summarized the research progress of light-controlled tech- nology in the physiological characteristics regulation, maintenance of nutritional quali- ty and microbial control of postharvest vegetables at home and aborad, and prospected the further studies on preservation technology for postharvest vegetables.
基金supported by the Key Project of Science and Technology Research,Ministry of Education of China(208054)the Outstanding Youth Group Project of Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(R3090330)
文摘The effects of active modified atmosphere packaging （MAP） on the postharvest quality of shiitake mushrooms stored at cold temperature （4°C） were investigated.The gas components were 2% O2 ＋7% CO2 （MAP1）,2% O2 ＋10% CO2 （MAP2） and 2% O2 ＋13% CO2 （MAP3）,respectively.The results showed that active MAP could extend the shelf-life of shiitake mushrooms to 17 d and the concentration of carbon dioxide could influence the postharvest quality of shiitake mushrooms.MAP2 treatment inhibited the increase in respiration rate and malondinaldehyde （MDA） contents,delayed the decrease in firmness,soluble sugar and vitamin C,and obviously reduced the activity of polyphenol oxidase （PPO） and the degree of browning,therefore maintaining better quality.
基金supported by the Gansu Agricultural Bio-Technology Foundation, China (GNSW-2005-08)the R&D Special Funds for Public Welfare Indus-try (Agriculture) of Ministry of Agriculture of China(NYHYZX07-6)
文摘The effectiveness ofpostharvest β-aminobutyric acid （BABA） treatment was studied for inducing resistance against dry rot caused by Fusarium sulphureum in tubers and slices of two potato cultivars （resistant cultivar Shepody and susceptible cultivar Xindaping）. The results showed that BABA at 100 mmol L-1 significantly reduced lesion diameter in inoculated both tubers and slices. The chemical at 100 mmol L-1 showed an effective reduction in infection ability ofF. sulphureum inoculated 48 and 72 h after treatment in slices of resistant cultivar, and 72 and 96 h in susceptible ones. BABA increased the activitives of peroxidase （POD）, polyphenoloxidase （PPO） and phenylalanine ammonialyase （PAL）, and accumulated the contents of lignin, flavonoids and phenolics in slices. The resistant cultivar had a stronger resistant response than the susceptible one. These findings suggest that the BABA treatment can induce the resistance in potato tubers, however, the inducing degree depends on the original level of resistance present in each cultivar.
基金the financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31671908)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0400901)
文摘The kiwifruit trees(Actinidia deliciosa cv.Bruno)were sprayed with 5 mmol L-1 oxalic acid(OA)or water(as control)at 130,137 or 144 d after full-blossom,and then the fruit were harvested at commercial maturity and stored at room temperature(20±1)℃ for 13 d.The effect of pre-harvest spraying of OA on postharvest quality of kiwifruit was evaluated during storage.The OA spraying slowed the increase in soluble solids content(SSC)and decrease in titratable acid(TA),as well as increased contents of ascorbic acid(AsA)and total-AsA accompanied with higher AsA/DHA ratio in kiwifruit during storage.Moreover,the OA spraying significantly reduced the contents of acetaldehyde and ethanol in kiwifruit,along with significant decrease in activities of enzymes involved in ethanol fermentation metabolism during the later period of storage,which was beneficial to control off-flavor associated with over accumulation of ethanol during postharvest.It was suggested that pre-harvest spraying of OA might maintain the postharvest quality of kiwifruit in relation to delay in fruit ripening,AsA maintenance and regulation of ethanol fermentation.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30972036)
文摘Mature-green tomato fruit （Solanum lycopersicum cv. Zhenfen 202） were exposed to different UV-C irradiation at 2, 4, 8, and 16 kJ m-2 and then stored under the dark at 14°C and 95% relative humidity （RH） for 35 d. Of these four doses, UV-C irradiation at 4 and 8 kJ m-2 significantly increased total phenolic contents in present tomato fruit by 21.2 and 20.2%, respectively. Furthermore, UV-C irradiation at 4 or 8 kJ m-2 promoted the accumulation of total flavonoids and increased the antioxidant activity. 2 or 16 kJ m-2 UV-C irradiation also enhanced antioxidant activity, but to a lesser extent. Seven phenolic compounds, viz., gallic acid, （＋）-catechin, chlorogenic acid, cafferic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, and quercetin in tomato fruit were identified and quantified by HPLC. Gallic acid was the major phenolic compound in tomato fruit and significantly correlated with antioxidant activity. 4 or 8 kJ m-2 UV-C irradiation significantly increased the contents of gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, and quercetin. The optimum dose of UV-C irradiation in terms of increased phenolic compound content and enhanced Antioxidant activity was determined to be 4 or 8 kJ m-2.
基金supported by a grant from the National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFD0400903-06)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-29-19)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS-ASTIP)
文摘Pear is an important fruit crop in the world. An uncharacterized disease has been observed on pear fruits during cold storage ir~ Suning, Shenzhou, Xinji and other locations in Hebei Province, China. The incidence rate of the disease has reached 10%, and sometimes up to 20%. A particular fungus was consistently isolated from the infected pear fruit and cultured. Based on its morphology, molecular characteristics, pathogenicity and ITS sequence, the fungus was identified as Athelia bombacina. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Athelia bombacina causing postharvest fruit rot on pear.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.32122080,31972375)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2018YFD1000200)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Grant No.ZR2020YQ25)。
文摘The storage period of fleshy fruits greatly affects their quality and selection,and is largely controlled by genetic factors.Therefore,it is imperative to elucidate how genetic factors affect fruit ripening and its storage.Here,we evaluated the postharvest storage properties of the basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)transcription factor MdbHLH3-overexpressing transgenic Royal gala apple fruits.During storage,the contents of starch,malic acid,fructose,glucose,and sucrose in fruits of three MdbHLH3 transgenic lines were always higher than those of the wild-type(WT)control.Interestingly,the sugar-acid ratio also showed the same trend during fruit storage.Additionally,the fruit firmness decreased with increasing storage time,and the contents of cell wall components such as water-soluble pectin and cellulose in transgenic fruits were higher than those in control fruits,while the firmness of transgenic fruits was lower than that in WT control fruits.Though the ethylene release rate in both showed the same trend(firstly increasing,then decreasing,and finally peaking)in 90-day stored fruits,transgenic apples had higher ethylene levels than the WT control throughout storage.Furthermore,the activities of membrane peroxidase,antioxidant enzymes,and fruit ripening enzymes in all transgenic fruits were significantly higher than those in the WT control.Thus,our findings show how MdbHLH3 negatively regulates and reduces apple storage time.This may prove useful for not only developing biotechnological strategies,but also support traditional breeding programs,to help improve the storage time of fleshy fruits.
基金supported by the South African Research Chairs Initiative of the Department of Science and Technology and National Research Foundation
文摘Fresh fruits are susceptible to bruising, a common type of mechanical damage during harvest and at all stages of postharvest handling. In quest of developing and adoption of strategies to reduce bruise damage, it is of utmost importance to understand major factors influencing bruise susceptibility of fresh produce at these stages. This review presents a critical discussion of factors affecting bruising during harvest and postharvest handling of fresh fruits. Excessive compression forces during harvesting by handpicking or machines, and a series of impacts during harvesting, transport and packhouse operations can cause severe bruise damage. The review has further revealed that bruising is dependent on a number of other factors such as produce maturity, ripening, harvest time(during the day or season) and time lapse after harvest. The susceptibility to bruising is partly dependent on how these factors alter the produce physiological and biochemical properties, and the environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity and several other postharvest treatments. Hence, the successful applications of harvesting techniques by use of trained personnel and proper harvesting equipment are essential to reduce both the incidence and severity of bruising.Furthermore, the careful selection of postharvest handling temperature and other treatments can increase resistance of fresh produce to bruise damage.
基金This study was supported by project funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31530057,31930086,31672210,31722043,and 31671910).
文摘Fresh fruits are highly valued by consumers worldwide,owing to their delicious flavors,abundant nutrients,and health-promoting characteristics,and as such,fruits make up an important component of a healthy diet.The postharvest quality and safety of fresh fruit involve complex interactions among the fruit,environmental factors,and postharvest pathogens.Efficient regulation of fruit senescence and pathogen resistance,as well as disease-causing abilities of postharvest pathogens,is critical to understanding the fundamental mechanisms that underlie fruit quality and safety.This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent advances and currently available strategies for maintaining fruit quality and controlling major postharvest pathogens,mainly Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum,which may promote sustainable and environmental-friendly development of the fruit industry.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31772042)Ramóny Cajal grant(RYC2020-030365-I)+1 种基金Xunta de Galicia for supporting the program(Excelencia-ED431F2022/01)the Key Research&Development Program of Zhejiang Province(2021C02015).
文摘Cuticular wax plays a major role in the growth and storage of plant fruits.The cuticular wax coating,which covers the outermost layer of a fruit’s epidermal cells,is insoluble in water.Cuticular wax is mainly composed of very long-chain fatty acids(VLCFAs);their derivatives,including esters,primary alcohols,secondary alcohols,aldehydes,and ketones;and triterpenoids.This complex mixture of lipids is probably biosynthesized in the epidermal cells of most plants and exuded onto the surface.Cuticular wax not only makes the fruit less susceptible to microbial infection but also reduces mechanical damage to the fruit,thereby maintaining the fruit’s commodity value.To date,research has mostly focused on the changes,function,and regulation of fruit wax before harvest,while ignoring the changes and functions of wax in fruit storage.This paper reviews on the composition,structure,and metabolic regulation of cuticular wax in fruits.It also focuses on postharvest factors affecting wax composition,such as storage temperature,relative humidity(RH),gas atmosphere,and as exogenous hormones;and the effects of wax on fruit postharvest quality,including water dispersion,fruit softening,physiological disorders,and disease resistance.These summaries may be of assistance in better understanding the changes in cuticular wax in postharvest fruit and the resulting effects on fruit quality.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31772027)the Key Project in Applied Technology of Chongqing Science and Technology Bureau,China(cstc2017shms-xdny80058)。
文摘As a synthetic functional analog of salicylic acid, 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid(INA) is effective in inducing the host disease resistance of a plant against a pathogen. The effects of INA on controlling postharvest blue and green molds and anthracnose decay and defense-related enzymes on citrus fruits were investigated, and the ascorbic acid of naturally infected citrus flavedo was also measured. Results showed that 1.0 mmol L^(–1) INA treatments significantly reduced blue and green molds and anthracnose decay development on both wound-inoculated fruit and naturally-infected fruit compared with the control fruit. The treatment effectively enhanced the β-1,3-glucanase(GLU), chitinase(CHI), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL) and peroxidase(POD) activities and the polyphenol oxidase(PPO) in flavedo. The results presented here suggest that INA might be used as a chemical fungicide substitution to control postharvest diseases in citrus fruits.
文摘Use of pesticides,herbicides and fertilizers is among the techniques to control insect pests and fungal pathogens.However,the technique is the major contributor to severe environmental implications in terms of air,water and soil pollution.Besides,variable inconsistency becomes an important issue in the implementation of inclined bed dryers,leading to significant rice grain loss.Cold plasma technology has been widely proposed as a potential alternative for rice grain postharvest treatment management due to the presence of generated ionised gas that eventually produces reactive oxygen species or reactive nitrogen species.These species are used to decontaminate foodborne pathogens,mycotoxins and bacterial diseases.This review explores the current literature regarding cold plasma treatment technology,focusing on its efficiency as the microbial decontamination medium and insect pest mortality medium,and on the enhancement functional,nutritional and cooking properties,especially in rice grains.Previous studies have successfully demonstrated the ability of cold plasma treatment to significantly reduce the microbial count of foodborne pathogens,detoxify mycotoxins,and control seedborne rice seedling bacterial diseases.Previous studies have also proved that the implementation of cold plasma technology in postharvest management should be seriously considered for improving rice grain quantity and quality in Malaysia.
文摘The detection in August 2015 of the Oriental Fruit Fly (Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel, Diptera: Tephritidae) in the Redland area in Miami-Dade County, Florida triggered a quarantine that restricted the movement of fruit fly host material in an approximately 99-square mile (256-square kilometer) area. The quarantine affected 4000 acres of fruit bearing commercial avocado groves. Approved post-harvest treatments for B. dorsalis and avocado included in the USDA Treatment Manual were acceptable for immediate certification and movement of fresh avocados from the quarantine area. However, it was unknown if Florida avocados would meet quality standards (US combination grade) after the treatments. Three post-harvest treatments that combine methyl bromide fumigation and cold storage periods were tested on six avocado varieties from Florida. The treatments differed in the durations of the fumigation and cold treatment periods. A seven day transit period at 8.3°C (47°F) was added to account for the time when the fruit leaves the packing house until it is sold by retailers. None of the six varieties had met the US combination grade after the treatments and transit period. Treated fruit exhibited both internal (pulp) and external (skin) damage. Damage was attributed to the fumigation component of the treatment, but the six varieties tolerated the cold portion of the treatment. Damage by fumigation ranged from 26% - 100%. In general, the longer the fumigation period the worse the effect. The need for alternative post-harvest treatments for Florida avocados is discussed.
