Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation is common problem, but its treatment still remains challenging. Tranexamic acid has been used to treat or prevent excessive bleeding loss in various medical conditions. There have b...Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation is common problem, but its treatment still remains challenging. Tranexamic acid has been used to treat or prevent excessive bleeding loss in various medical conditions. There have been some reports of the effect of oral and topical tranexamic acid for treatment of pigmented disorder. Herein we report on a case of female patient who showed improvement of PIH after oral and topical tranexamic acid administration.展开更多
Camouflage therapy has been used for permanent contour and pigmentary defects including telangiectasias, vitiligo, lentigines, nevi, atrophic scars and burn scars. The goal of the therapy is to provide new and innovat...Camouflage therapy has been used for permanent contour and pigmentary defects including telangiectasias, vitiligo, lentigines, nevi, atrophic scars and burn scars. The goal of the therapy is to provide new and innovative ways to normalize the appearance of patients with abnormalities. A variety of cosmetic techniques are used to assist these patients in making their irregularities as inconspicuous as possible. Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation is a frustrating problem afflicting many dermatology patients, particularly on the face. Here we report a case of successful cosmetic camouflage using the theory of complementary colors of light in a patient with post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation of the face caused by fixed drug eruption. Our case report supports the idea that camouflage for patients with post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation on the face caused by fixed drug eruption improves their quality of life and also supports the idea that camouflage should be part of the after care for patients who have received patch testing.展开更多
Background: Most data on laser resurfacing have come from studies of people with Fitzpatrick skin types 1 - 3;however, the world’s population is comprised mostly of Fitzpatrick skin types 4 - 6, which are more suscep...Background: Most data on laser resurfacing have come from studies of people with Fitzpatrick skin types 1 - 3;however, the world’s population is comprised mostly of Fitzpatrick skin types 4 - 6, which are more susceptible to post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH). Objective: For the purpose of expanding the expertise of plastic surgeons treating patients with darker skin types, this study examined the incidence of PIH in Asians who underwent laser resurfacing, including a histologic arm on fractional ablative resurfacing. Methods & Materials: The clinical study included six subjects of Vietnamese origin who underwent single-depth fractionated CO2 laser resurfacing. The histologic study involved a seventh subject. The MiXto SX®laser with a new scanning handpiece was used, along with magnifying loupes to assess ablative depth after each of three laser passes performed. Photographs were taken at various postoperative intervals. Results: All six clinical subjects showed cosmetic improvement in skin texture and tone with no post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. In the histologic study, H&E stained sections revealed uniform diathermy. Conclusion: It is possible to significantly reduce PIH in darker skinned subjects through use of a new scanning handpiece and a technique using loupes to assess the depth of ablative resurfacing. The histologic study confirms these findings.展开更多
Background:Sensitive skin affects a substantial portion of the global population and has significant implications for skin health and well-being.In addition to unpleasant sensory effects,individuals with sensitive ski...Background:Sensitive skin affects a substantial portion of the global population and has significant implications for skin health and well-being.In addition to unpleasant sensory effects,individuals with sensitive skin were likely to be more susceptible to hyperpigmentation.However,the association between sensitive skin and hyperpigmentation,as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms,remain unclear.Objective:This study aims to investigate the correlation and intrinsic mechanisms between sensitive skin and hyperpigmentation through network pharmacology combined with molecular docking.Materials and Methods:The targets associated with sensitive skin and hyperpigmentation were collected from the human gene database,GeneCards.Subsequently,the protein-protein interaction(PPI)network,Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG),and Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment analysis were performed to explore the biological connections between sensitive skin and hyperpigmentation.Additionally,the targets of 15 active compounds with reported lightening effects were collected from TCMSP,BATMAN and SymMap databases.Target analysis and molecular docking were performed to identify potential candidates for addressing hyperpigmentation on sensitive skin.The anti-melanogenesis effect of the identified candidate was verified in B16F10 cells.Results:A total of 16971 sensitive skin targets and 11382 hyperpigmentation targets were screened,and 9693 overlapping targets were identified,with a core set comprising 164 targets.The combination of PPI network,KEGG and GO analysis revealed the key role of tyrosinase and immune-mediated inflammation in pigmentation on sensitive skin.Among the 15 active compounds,oxyresveratrol was identified as having a high correlation with the core set targets and predicted strong inhibition of Tyrosine-protein Kinase Kit.The application of oxyresveratrol exhibited a dose-dependent suppression of melanin production in B16F10 cells.Conclusion:This study suggested the crucial roles of immune-mediated inflammation in sensitive skin and hyperpigmentation,as well as highlighted the potential of oxyresveratrol in addressing hyperpigmentation on sensitive skin.These comprehensive findings provide a deeper understanding of the connection mechanism between sensitive skin and hyperpigmentation,offering new insights for the development of targeted treatments and interventions.展开更多
Hyperpigmentation is a common skin problem in a woman. Prolonging topical use of skin whitening may cause hyperpigmentation such as ochronosis whose condition is a challenge for treatment. An aqueous human placenta ex...Hyperpigmentation is a common skin problem in a woman. Prolonging topical use of skin whitening may cause hyperpigmentation such as ochronosis whose condition is a challenge for treatment. An aqueous human placenta extract (RGF®) contains bioactive therapeutic molecules. There is evidence of human placenta extract showing that melanin synthesis is inhibited by placenta extract in melanocytes. We first reported the case of the hyperpigmentation improvement following face skin mesotherapy human placenta extract treatment.展开更多
Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) and postinflammatory erythema (PIE) in acne vulgaris are important and refractory complications for patients with acne vulgaris. To clarify the effects of 2% isostearyl-L-ascor...Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) and postinflammatory erythema (PIE) in acne vulgaris are important and refractory complications for patients with acne vulgaris. To clarify the effects of 2% isostearyl-L-ascorbic acid (ISAA) against PIH and PIE in acne vulgaris, a clinical pilot study with topical 2% ISAA gel was performed in 25 acne patients with PIH and PIE. Topical ISAA gel was applied on the whole face with PIH and PIE in acne vulgaris twice a day for 3 months. Regarding PIH and PIE, investigator’s global improvement rating (IGIR) was evaluated in 7-point scales according to the reduced area of PIH and PIE before and after the study. Remarkable improvement in PIH was observed in 7 patients (28.0%) and in PIE in 12 (48%) of the 25 patients. No adverse reactions were observed during the treatment. Topical ISAA application can be an alternative, non-invasive available treatment for PIH and PIE in acne vulgaris.展开更多
Drug-induced reticulate hyperpigmentation is uncommon. Including the patient described in this report, chemotherapy-associated reticulate hyperpigmentation has only been described in ten individuals. This paper descri...Drug-induced reticulate hyperpigmentation is uncommon. Including the patient described in this report, chemotherapy-associated reticulate hyperpigmentation has only been described in ten individuals. This paper describes the features of a woman with recurrent and metastatic breast cancer who developed paclitaxelinduced reticulate hyperpigmentation and reviews the characteristics of other oncology patients who developed reticulate hyperpigmentation from their antineoplastic treatment. A 55-year-old Taiwan Residents woman who developed reticulate hyperpigmentation on her abdomen, back and extremities after receiving her initial treatment for metastatic breast cancer with paclitaxel is described. The hyperpigmentation became darker with each subsequent administration of paclitaxel. The drug was discontinued after five courses and the pigment faded within two months. Pub Med was searched with the key words: Breast, cancer, chemotherapy, hyperpigmentation, neoplasm, reticulate, tumor, paclitaxel, taxol. The papers generated by the search, and their references, were reviewed. Chemotherapy-induced reticulate hyperpigmentation has been described in four men and six women. Bleomycin, cytoxan, 5-fluorouracil, idarubacin, and paclitaxel caused the hyperpigmentation. The hyperpigmentation faded in 83% of the patients between two to six months after the associated antineoplastic agent was discontinued. In conclusion, chemotherapy-induced reticulate hyperpigmentation is a rare reaction that may occur during treatment with various antineoplastic agents. The hyperpigmentation fades in most individuals once thetreatment is discontinued. Therefore, cancer treatment with the associated drug can be continued in patients who experience this cutaneous adverse event.展开更多
Background: Progressive cribriform and zosteriform hyperpigmentation (PCZH) is a disorder of pigmentation. Although several cases of PCZH have been reported, cases that associated with vitiligo have not been published...Background: Progressive cribriform and zosteriform hyperpigmentation (PCZH) is a disorder of pigmentation. Although several cases of PCZH have been reported, cases that associated with vitiligo have not been published in the past. Aim: We report the case to reveal the interesting mosaicism reflecting on the skin. Case Presentation: This case presents a phenomenon of the coexistence of hyperpigmentation and depigmentation arranged in unilateral and symmetric distribution in one patient. Conclusion: The aetiology of the pigmental disorders is still unknown. The linear nature of the pigmented bands probably reflects the clonal migration and proliferation of embryonic melanoblasts, so somatic mosaicism that develops during embryogenesis appears to be the underlying aetiology, which is leading to proliferation and migration of two mixed populations of melanocytes with different potential for pigment production.展开更多
A 20-year-old man presented with for 6-month history of facial acne. He had erythema and red papules on the face secondary to BPO-induced contact dermatitis. He was administered topical corticosteroid. Contact dermati...A 20-year-old man presented with for 6-month history of facial acne. He had erythema and red papules on the face secondary to BPO-induced contact dermatitis. He was administered topical corticosteroid. Contact dermatitis improved with this treatment, and he had red papules, comedones, prominent postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), postinflammatory erythema (PIE), erosions and erythema associated with acne vulgaris. He was subsequently treated with oral minocycline 100 mg/d and topical adapalene and ozenoxacin lotion once daily for 3 months. The inflammatory lesions and comedo subsided;however, PIH, PIE, atrophic scar and erosion persisted. During 3 months, the patient underwent chemical peeling using 20% glycolic acid (GA) and subsequent vitamin C iontophoresis twice at 1-month intervals. He showed almost disappearance of red papules and comedones but persistent PIH, PIE and erosion after 3 months of treatment. He was thereafter prescribed topical glyceryl-octyl-ascorbic acid/ascorbyl 2-phosphate 6-palmitate/DL-a-tocopherol phosphate complex for local application twice daily for 3 months. After 7 months of treatment, PIH, PIE, erosion and atrophic scar faded significantly with only trace residual erosions, atrophic scar and PIH. Subsequently, he was prescribed local application of 2% isostearyl-L-ascorbic acid gel vitamin C gel twice daily for 3 months. After 15 months, PIH, PIE, erosion and atrophic scar disappeared completely with significant improvement. Comprehensive sequential therapy resulted in significant improvement. It is suggested that medical treatment using systemic and topical antimicrobials and topical adapalene reduces inflammatory lesions and comedones initially. Subsequent chemical peeling using GA and vitamin C iontophoresis could improve PIH. These synergistic effects might have contributed to the significant improvement observed in this case. Comprehensive sequential treatment using chemical peeling, vitamin C iontophoresis and topical vitamin C can be a useful treatment strategy for PIH in acne vulgaris.展开更多
Hyperpigmentation can be caused by long-term UV （ultraviolet） exposure, hormonal imbalances, skin ageing processes, as well as skin inflammation, skin injuries and accumulation ofhemosiderin. A brightening complex c...Hyperpigmentation can be caused by long-term UV （ultraviolet） exposure, hormonal imbalances, skin ageing processes, as well as skin inflammation, skin injuries and accumulation ofhemosiderin. A brightening complex consisting of niacin, Rumex spp. and biomimetic peptide is supposed to be an efficient alternative for commonly used brightening agents. In-vivo research of night cream （1474） was conducted in order to confirm the safety and efficiency of tri-active brightening cream in treatment of facial skin hyperpigmentation. The research was conducted on a group of 30 female patients, and the night cream was applied once a day for six weeks. The research was done by the use of VISIA system, multifunctional MPA and PRIMOS projection system, which was applied with VISIOSCAN camera. Besides, the research also included a questionnaire. A decrease in melanin by 16% and 25% at 93% and 96% of patients, respectively, was observed after three and six weeks of regular application of the cream. Furthermore, we also noticed reduction oferythema which was accompanied by an increase in the skin moisture. Brightening of changes on hyperpigmented facial skin proved to be efficient after an application of tri-active complex which was a component of the night cream.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the key factors in developing the trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid(TNBS)-induced postinflammatory irritable bowel syndrome(PI-IBS)model in rats. METHODS:TNBS was administered to rats at the following c...AIM:To investigate the key factors in developing the trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid(TNBS)-induced postinflammatory irritable bowel syndrome(PI-IBS)model in rats. METHODS:TNBS was administered to rats at the following conditions:(1)with different doses(20,10,5 mg/0.8 mL per rat);(2)with same dose in different concentrations(20 mg/rat,25,50 mg/mL);(3)in different ethanol percentage(25%,50%);and(4)at depth either 4 cm or 8 cm from anus.At 5 d and 4 wk after TNBS administration,inflammation severity and inflammation resolution were evaluated.At 4 and 8 wk after TNBS application,visceral hyperalgesia and enterochromaffin(EC)cell hyperplasia were assayed by abdominal withdrawal reflex test,silver staining and capillary electrophoresis. RESULTS:Our results showed that:(1)TNBS induced dose-dependent acute inflammation and inflammation resolution.At 5 d post TNBS,the pathological score and myeloperoxidase(MPO)activity in all TNBS treated rats were significantly elevated compared to that of the control(9.48±1.86,8.18±0.67,5.78± 0.77 vs 0,and 3.55±1.11,1.80±0.82,0.97±0.08 unit/mg vs 0.14±0.01 unit/mg,P<0.05).At 4 wk post TNBS,the pathological score in high and median dose TNBS-treated rats were still significantly higher than that of the control(1.52±0.38 and 0.80±0.35 vs 0,P<0.05);(2)Intracolonic TNBS administration position affected the persistence of visceral hyperalgesia.At 4 wk post TNBS,abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR)threshold pressure in all TNBS-treated groups were decreased compared to that of the control(21.52 ±1.73 and 27.10±1.94 mmHg vs 34.44±1.89 mmHg,P<0.05).At 8 wk post TNBS,AWR threshold pressure in 8 cm administration group was still significantly decreased(23.33±1.33 mmHg vs 36.79±2.29 mmHg,P<0.05);(3)Ethanol percentage affected the TNBS-induced inflammation severity and visceral hyperalgesia.In TNBS-25%ethanol-treated group,the pathological score and MPO activity were significantly lowered compared to that of the TNBS-50%ethanoltreated group,while AWR threshold pressure were significantly elevated(36.33±0.61 mmHg vs 23.33±1.33 mmHg,P<0.05);and(4)TNBS(5 mg/0.8 mL per rat, in 50%ethanol,8 cm from anus)-treated rats recovered completely from the inflammation with acquired visceral hyperalgesia and EC cell hyperplasia at 4 wk after TNBS administration.CONCLUSION:TNBS dosage,concentration,intraco-lonic administration position,and ethanol percentage play important roles in developing visceral hyperalgesia and EC cell hyperplasia of TNBS-induced PI-IBS rats.展开更多
Acne is a dermatological condition with significant psychosocial consequences.This study evaluated the efficacy of an unmedicated acne-concealing hydrogel patch for improving acne appearance and acne-related quality o...Acne is a dermatological condition with significant psychosocial consequences.This study evaluated the efficacy of an unmedicated acne-concealing hydrogel patch for improving acne appearance and acne-related quality of life(AQoL).A randomized,open-label,home-use 10-day clinical trial was conducted with 37 volunteers,each presenting at least one active pustule.Twenty-three acne lesions were treated with Pimple Patches,and 23 served as untreated controls.Lesion size,severity,erythema,and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation(PIH)were assessed by an expert grader at baseline,Day 2,and Day 10.AQoL scores were measured at the start and end of the study.The hydrogel patch treatment resulted in a 35%reduction in lesion size and a 44%improvement in lesion severity by Day 2 compared to the control group.By Day 10,the treated group exhibited greater reductions in lesion size,severity,and erythema.PIH worsened significantly in the untreated group compared to the treated group by Day 10.AQoL scores indicated a 57%improvement in the treated group,higher than the untreated group(p<0.05).Our exploratory findings suggest that the unmedicated acneconcealing patches are a safe and practical treatment for reducing acne lesion size and severity,calming erythema,inhibiting PIH onset,and improving AQoL.展开更多
Cutibacterium acnes were used to induce lipase production,and to establish ex-vivo skin model of inflammatory response and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation,in purpose of exploring the mechanism of chamomilla recuti...Cutibacterium acnes were used to induce lipase production,and to establish ex-vivo skin model of inflammatory response and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation,in purpose of exploring the mechanism of chamomilla recutita extract.Clinical study was designed to investigate the effects of chamomilla recutita extract on Chinese volunteers with sequelae of adult acne,by evaluating the severity of acne,post-acne erythema and pigmentation,skin basic physiological conditions.The results showed that chamomilla recutita extract inhibited lipase activity,cellular inflammatory response,and melanin production.In the clinical study,the acnes were relieved 173%,with a 78%lower post-acne erythema index and 202%less hyperpigmentation as compared to placebo,after applying samples containing 1%chamomilla recutita extract for 28 days.Meanwhile,chamomilla recutita extract showed instant oil control effect.The extract significantly reduced sebum secretion by 293%,increased skin moisture content by 102%,and strengthened the skin barrier by 193%after 28 days application,which provided favorable skin physiological basis for the prevention and improvement of acne vulgaris and sequelae.展开更多
The pervasive use of photo editing applications such as Photoshop and FaceTune has significantly altered societal beauty standards, particularly for individuals with skin of color, often leading to unrealistic expecta...The pervasive use of photo editing applications such as Photoshop and FaceTune has significantly altered societal beauty standards, particularly for individuals with skin of color, often leading to unrealistic expectations regarding skin appearance and health. These tools allow users to smooth skin textures, lighten skin tones, and erase imperfections, perpetuating Eurocentric beauty ideals that frequently marginalize the natural diversity of skin tones and textures. Consequently, individuals with skin of color may seek dermatological interventions—such as skin lightening treatments, aggressive acne scar revisions, and other cosmetic procedures—aimed at achieving appearances that align more closely with digitally manipulated images. This pursuit of an unattainable aesthetic can result in increased dissatisfaction with common skin conditions like hyperpigmentation and keloids, which are often misrepresented in edited photos. Additionally, the psychological impact of these alterations can exacerbate feelings of inadequacy, contributing to conditions such as anxiety and body dysmorphic disorder. Dermatologists face the dual challenge of addressing patients’ clinical needs while also managing their expectations shaped by digital enhancements. To combat this, it is essential for dermatologists to integrate patient education that emphasizes the beauty of diverse skin tones and the discrepancies between digital images and authentic skin health. By fostering an understanding of realistic outcomes and promoting the acceptance of natural skin characteristics, dermatologists can empower individuals with skin of color to prioritize authentic skin health over digitally influenced ideals, ultimately leading to more satisfying dermatological care and improved self-image.展开更多
Pigmented skin spots,a visible sign of aging,can significantly affect the appearance of facial skin.To elucidate their pathogenesis and support the development of novel cosmetic ingredients,this review summarizes the ...Pigmented skin spots,a visible sign of aging,can significantly affect the appearance of facial skin.To elucidate their pathogenesis and support the development of novel cosmetic ingredients,this review summarizes the morphological characteristics of pigmented skin spots and the extrinsic and intrinsic factors contributing to their development.Additionally,it highlights the common cosmetic ingredients currently used for reducing hyperpigmentation.The relevant literature was collected by searching PubMed and Wanfang Data for studies focusing on pigmented spots and facial spots.Overall,the literature indicates that pigmented spots display distinct morphological characteristics,including specialized melanocyte dendrites,altered vascular architecture,abnormal keratinization,and immune cell infiltration.Mechanistically,their formation is driven by both extrinsic factors(e.g.,sun exposure,skin microbiota,and particulate matter)as well as intrinsic factors(e.g.,vascular abnormalities,chronic inflammation,and hormonal fluctuations).Thus,pigmented skin spots represent a complex biological system encompassing multiple types of cells and molecular mediators,regulated by diverse environmental and physiological factors.Given their intricate microenvironment conditions and multifactorial etiology,a systematic and comprehensive investigation of pigmented spots is warranted.Such research could inform the development of cosmetic ingredients with targeted and multitargeted actions,enabling the more effective reduction of pigmented skin spots.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To analyze the chemical components of Mudan Huaban recipe(牡丹化斑方,MHR)and evaluate its efficacy and possible mechanism in melasma mice.METHODS:The chemical compositions of MHR were determined by the ultra...OBJECTIVE:To analyze the chemical components of Mudan Huaban recipe(牡丹化斑方,MHR)and evaluate its efficacy and possible mechanism in melasma mice.METHODS:The chemical compositions of MHR were determined by the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-exactive mass spectrometry method.Female C57BL/6 mice were exposed to ultraviolet B and progesterone for 21 d to induce melasma,and Fontana-Masson staining was used to assess the effects of MHR on melasma.Luteinizing hormone(LH),estradiol,and follicle-stimulating hormone levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity and malonic dialdehyde content were detected by chemiluminescence.Tyrosinase and related proteins expressions were detected by Western blots and immunohistochemistry.RESULTS:A total of 43 chemical components were identified in MHR,MHR significantly decreased the melanin particles of melasma mice.MHR treatment significantly reversed the high contents of LH and low activity of SOD in models.MHR significantly reduced the higher levels of tyrosinase,tyrosinase-related proteins-1(TRP-1),TRP-2,microphthalmia-associated transcription factor and phosphorylation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein(pCREB)/CREB in the skin of melasma mice.CONCLUSIONS:MHR protects against melasma via regulation of sex hormones,oxidative stress,and melanogenesis-related proteins,suggesting its possible use as a supplement and alternative drug therapy for melasma.展开更多
The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of TXA with other therapies for melasma.Melasma is a common acquired skin condition characterized by hypermelanosis,causing light to dark patches,and is the most preva...The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of TXA with other therapies for melasma.Melasma is a common acquired skin condition characterized by hypermelanosis,causing light to dark patches,and is the most prevalent in individuals with Fitzpatrick skin typesⅢtoⅥ.It is a complex condition with an unclear etiology,often influenced by factors such as excessive sun exposure and hormonal changes.Treating melasma poses significant challenges for healthcare providers,primarily due to its tendency to reoccur.This makes management strategies crucial for achieving lasting results and improving patient outcomes.A systematic review of randomized controlled trials(RCTs)was conducted using databases such as MEDLINE,EMBASE,Google Scholar,and Cochrane,yielding 10 studies encompassing 455 participants.The analysis incorporated oral,topical,and injectable forms of TXA,with treatment durations ranging from 8 weeks to 1 year.Pooled results using a random-effects model indicated a moderate effect size of 0.477,suggesting TXA′s efficacy in reducing melasma severity.However,high heterogeneity(I 2=97.62%)reflected variations in study protocols,TXA delivery methods,and patient demographics.展开更多
文摘Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation is common problem, but its treatment still remains challenging. Tranexamic acid has been used to treat or prevent excessive bleeding loss in various medical conditions. There have been some reports of the effect of oral and topical tranexamic acid for treatment of pigmented disorder. Herein we report on a case of female patient who showed improvement of PIH after oral and topical tranexamic acid administration.
文摘Camouflage therapy has been used for permanent contour and pigmentary defects including telangiectasias, vitiligo, lentigines, nevi, atrophic scars and burn scars. The goal of the therapy is to provide new and innovative ways to normalize the appearance of patients with abnormalities. A variety of cosmetic techniques are used to assist these patients in making their irregularities as inconspicuous as possible. Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation is a frustrating problem afflicting many dermatology patients, particularly on the face. Here we report a case of successful cosmetic camouflage using the theory of complementary colors of light in a patient with post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation of the face caused by fixed drug eruption. Our case report supports the idea that camouflage for patients with post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation on the face caused by fixed drug eruption improves their quality of life and also supports the idea that camouflage should be part of the after care for patients who have received patch testing.
文摘Background: Most data on laser resurfacing have come from studies of people with Fitzpatrick skin types 1 - 3;however, the world’s population is comprised mostly of Fitzpatrick skin types 4 - 6, which are more susceptible to post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH). Objective: For the purpose of expanding the expertise of plastic surgeons treating patients with darker skin types, this study examined the incidence of PIH in Asians who underwent laser resurfacing, including a histologic arm on fractional ablative resurfacing. Methods & Materials: The clinical study included six subjects of Vietnamese origin who underwent single-depth fractionated CO2 laser resurfacing. The histologic study involved a seventh subject. The MiXto SX®laser with a new scanning handpiece was used, along with magnifying loupes to assess ablative depth after each of three laser passes performed. Photographs were taken at various postoperative intervals. Results: All six clinical subjects showed cosmetic improvement in skin texture and tone with no post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. In the histologic study, H&E stained sections revealed uniform diathermy. Conclusion: It is possible to significantly reduce PIH in darker skinned subjects through use of a new scanning handpiece and a technique using loupes to assess the depth of ablative resurfacing. The histologic study confirms these findings.
文摘Background:Sensitive skin affects a substantial portion of the global population and has significant implications for skin health and well-being.In addition to unpleasant sensory effects,individuals with sensitive skin were likely to be more susceptible to hyperpigmentation.However,the association between sensitive skin and hyperpigmentation,as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms,remain unclear.Objective:This study aims to investigate the correlation and intrinsic mechanisms between sensitive skin and hyperpigmentation through network pharmacology combined with molecular docking.Materials and Methods:The targets associated with sensitive skin and hyperpigmentation were collected from the human gene database,GeneCards.Subsequently,the protein-protein interaction(PPI)network,Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG),and Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment analysis were performed to explore the biological connections between sensitive skin and hyperpigmentation.Additionally,the targets of 15 active compounds with reported lightening effects were collected from TCMSP,BATMAN and SymMap databases.Target analysis and molecular docking were performed to identify potential candidates for addressing hyperpigmentation on sensitive skin.The anti-melanogenesis effect of the identified candidate was verified in B16F10 cells.Results:A total of 16971 sensitive skin targets and 11382 hyperpigmentation targets were screened,and 9693 overlapping targets were identified,with a core set comprising 164 targets.The combination of PPI network,KEGG and GO analysis revealed the key role of tyrosinase and immune-mediated inflammation in pigmentation on sensitive skin.Among the 15 active compounds,oxyresveratrol was identified as having a high correlation with the core set targets and predicted strong inhibition of Tyrosine-protein Kinase Kit.The application of oxyresveratrol exhibited a dose-dependent suppression of melanin production in B16F10 cells.Conclusion:This study suggested the crucial roles of immune-mediated inflammation in sensitive skin and hyperpigmentation,as well as highlighted the potential of oxyresveratrol in addressing hyperpigmentation on sensitive skin.These comprehensive findings provide a deeper understanding of the connection mechanism between sensitive skin and hyperpigmentation,offering new insights for the development of targeted treatments and interventions.
文摘Hyperpigmentation is a common skin problem in a woman. Prolonging topical use of skin whitening may cause hyperpigmentation such as ochronosis whose condition is a challenge for treatment. An aqueous human placenta extract (RGF®) contains bioactive therapeutic molecules. There is evidence of human placenta extract showing that melanin synthesis is inhibited by placenta extract in melanocytes. We first reported the case of the hyperpigmentation improvement following face skin mesotherapy human placenta extract treatment.
文摘Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) and postinflammatory erythema (PIE) in acne vulgaris are important and refractory complications for patients with acne vulgaris. To clarify the effects of 2% isostearyl-L-ascorbic acid (ISAA) against PIH and PIE in acne vulgaris, a clinical pilot study with topical 2% ISAA gel was performed in 25 acne patients with PIH and PIE. Topical ISAA gel was applied on the whole face with PIH and PIE in acne vulgaris twice a day for 3 months. Regarding PIH and PIE, investigator’s global improvement rating (IGIR) was evaluated in 7-point scales according to the reduced area of PIH and PIE before and after the study. Remarkable improvement in PIH was observed in 7 patients (28.0%) and in PIE in 12 (48%) of the 25 patients. No adverse reactions were observed during the treatment. Topical ISAA application can be an alternative, non-invasive available treatment for PIH and PIE in acne vulgaris.
文摘Drug-induced reticulate hyperpigmentation is uncommon. Including the patient described in this report, chemotherapy-associated reticulate hyperpigmentation has only been described in ten individuals. This paper describes the features of a woman with recurrent and metastatic breast cancer who developed paclitaxelinduced reticulate hyperpigmentation and reviews the characteristics of other oncology patients who developed reticulate hyperpigmentation from their antineoplastic treatment. A 55-year-old Taiwan Residents woman who developed reticulate hyperpigmentation on her abdomen, back and extremities after receiving her initial treatment for metastatic breast cancer with paclitaxel is described. The hyperpigmentation became darker with each subsequent administration of paclitaxel. The drug was discontinued after five courses and the pigment faded within two months. Pub Med was searched with the key words: Breast, cancer, chemotherapy, hyperpigmentation, neoplasm, reticulate, tumor, paclitaxel, taxol. The papers generated by the search, and their references, were reviewed. Chemotherapy-induced reticulate hyperpigmentation has been described in four men and six women. Bleomycin, cytoxan, 5-fluorouracil, idarubacin, and paclitaxel caused the hyperpigmentation. The hyperpigmentation faded in 83% of the patients between two to six months after the associated antineoplastic agent was discontinued. In conclusion, chemotherapy-induced reticulate hyperpigmentation is a rare reaction that may occur during treatment with various antineoplastic agents. The hyperpigmentation fades in most individuals once thetreatment is discontinued. Therefore, cancer treatment with the associated drug can be continued in patients who experience this cutaneous adverse event.
文摘Background: Progressive cribriform and zosteriform hyperpigmentation (PCZH) is a disorder of pigmentation. Although several cases of PCZH have been reported, cases that associated with vitiligo have not been published in the past. Aim: We report the case to reveal the interesting mosaicism reflecting on the skin. Case Presentation: This case presents a phenomenon of the coexistence of hyperpigmentation and depigmentation arranged in unilateral and symmetric distribution in one patient. Conclusion: The aetiology of the pigmental disorders is still unknown. The linear nature of the pigmented bands probably reflects the clonal migration and proliferation of embryonic melanoblasts, so somatic mosaicism that develops during embryogenesis appears to be the underlying aetiology, which is leading to proliferation and migration of two mixed populations of melanocytes with different potential for pigment production.
文摘A 20-year-old man presented with for 6-month history of facial acne. He had erythema and red papules on the face secondary to BPO-induced contact dermatitis. He was administered topical corticosteroid. Contact dermatitis improved with this treatment, and he had red papules, comedones, prominent postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), postinflammatory erythema (PIE), erosions and erythema associated with acne vulgaris. He was subsequently treated with oral minocycline 100 mg/d and topical adapalene and ozenoxacin lotion once daily for 3 months. The inflammatory lesions and comedo subsided;however, PIH, PIE, atrophic scar and erosion persisted. During 3 months, the patient underwent chemical peeling using 20% glycolic acid (GA) and subsequent vitamin C iontophoresis twice at 1-month intervals. He showed almost disappearance of red papules and comedones but persistent PIH, PIE and erosion after 3 months of treatment. He was thereafter prescribed topical glyceryl-octyl-ascorbic acid/ascorbyl 2-phosphate 6-palmitate/DL-a-tocopherol phosphate complex for local application twice daily for 3 months. After 7 months of treatment, PIH, PIE, erosion and atrophic scar faded significantly with only trace residual erosions, atrophic scar and PIH. Subsequently, he was prescribed local application of 2% isostearyl-L-ascorbic acid gel vitamin C gel twice daily for 3 months. After 15 months, PIH, PIE, erosion and atrophic scar disappeared completely with significant improvement. Comprehensive sequential therapy resulted in significant improvement. It is suggested that medical treatment using systemic and topical antimicrobials and topical adapalene reduces inflammatory lesions and comedones initially. Subsequent chemical peeling using GA and vitamin C iontophoresis could improve PIH. These synergistic effects might have contributed to the significant improvement observed in this case. Comprehensive sequential treatment using chemical peeling, vitamin C iontophoresis and topical vitamin C can be a useful treatment strategy for PIH in acne vulgaris.
文摘Hyperpigmentation can be caused by long-term UV （ultraviolet） exposure, hormonal imbalances, skin ageing processes, as well as skin inflammation, skin injuries and accumulation ofhemosiderin. A brightening complex consisting of niacin, Rumex spp. and biomimetic peptide is supposed to be an efficient alternative for commonly used brightening agents. In-vivo research of night cream （1474） was conducted in order to confirm the safety and efficiency of tri-active brightening cream in treatment of facial skin hyperpigmentation. The research was conducted on a group of 30 female patients, and the night cream was applied once a day for six weeks. The research was done by the use of VISIA system, multifunctional MPA and PRIMOS projection system, which was applied with VISIOSCAN camera. Besides, the research also included a questionnaire. A decrease in melanin by 16% and 25% at 93% and 96% of patients, respectively, was observed after three and six weeks of regular application of the cream. Furthermore, we also noticed reduction oferythema which was accompanied by an increase in the skin moisture. Brightening of changes on hyperpigmented facial skin proved to be efficient after an application of tri-active complex which was a component of the night cream.
基金Supported by Hong Kong Jockey Club Institute of Chinese Medicine,No.JCICM-4-07
文摘AIM:To investigate the key factors in developing the trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid(TNBS)-induced postinflammatory irritable bowel syndrome(PI-IBS)model in rats. METHODS:TNBS was administered to rats at the following conditions:(1)with different doses(20,10,5 mg/0.8 mL per rat);(2)with same dose in different concentrations(20 mg/rat,25,50 mg/mL);(3)in different ethanol percentage(25%,50%);and(4)at depth either 4 cm or 8 cm from anus.At 5 d and 4 wk after TNBS administration,inflammation severity and inflammation resolution were evaluated.At 4 and 8 wk after TNBS application,visceral hyperalgesia and enterochromaffin(EC)cell hyperplasia were assayed by abdominal withdrawal reflex test,silver staining and capillary electrophoresis. RESULTS:Our results showed that:(1)TNBS induced dose-dependent acute inflammation and inflammation resolution.At 5 d post TNBS,the pathological score and myeloperoxidase(MPO)activity in all TNBS treated rats were significantly elevated compared to that of the control(9.48±1.86,8.18±0.67,5.78± 0.77 vs 0,and 3.55±1.11,1.80±0.82,0.97±0.08 unit/mg vs 0.14±0.01 unit/mg,P<0.05).At 4 wk post TNBS,the pathological score in high and median dose TNBS-treated rats were still significantly higher than that of the control(1.52±0.38 and 0.80±0.35 vs 0,P<0.05);(2)Intracolonic TNBS administration position affected the persistence of visceral hyperalgesia.At 4 wk post TNBS,abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR)threshold pressure in all TNBS-treated groups were decreased compared to that of the control(21.52 ±1.73 and 27.10±1.94 mmHg vs 34.44±1.89 mmHg,P<0.05).At 8 wk post TNBS,AWR threshold pressure in 8 cm administration group was still significantly decreased(23.33±1.33 mmHg vs 36.79±2.29 mmHg,P<0.05);(3)Ethanol percentage affected the TNBS-induced inflammation severity and visceral hyperalgesia.In TNBS-25%ethanol-treated group,the pathological score and MPO activity were significantly lowered compared to that of the TNBS-50%ethanoltreated group,while AWR threshold pressure were significantly elevated(36.33±0.61 mmHg vs 23.33±1.33 mmHg,P<0.05);and(4)TNBS(5 mg/0.8 mL per rat, in 50%ethanol,8 cm from anus)-treated rats recovered completely from the inflammation with acquired visceral hyperalgesia and EC cell hyperplasia at 4 wk after TNBS administration.CONCLUSION:TNBS dosage,concentration,intraco-lonic administration position,and ethanol percentage play important roles in developing visceral hyperalgesia and EC cell hyperplasia of TNBS-induced PI-IBS rats.
文摘Acne is a dermatological condition with significant psychosocial consequences.This study evaluated the efficacy of an unmedicated acne-concealing hydrogel patch for improving acne appearance and acne-related quality of life(AQoL).A randomized,open-label,home-use 10-day clinical trial was conducted with 37 volunteers,each presenting at least one active pustule.Twenty-three acne lesions were treated with Pimple Patches,and 23 served as untreated controls.Lesion size,severity,erythema,and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation(PIH)were assessed by an expert grader at baseline,Day 2,and Day 10.AQoL scores were measured at the start and end of the study.The hydrogel patch treatment resulted in a 35%reduction in lesion size and a 44%improvement in lesion severity by Day 2 compared to the control group.By Day 10,the treated group exhibited greater reductions in lesion size,severity,and erythema.PIH worsened significantly in the untreated group compared to the treated group by Day 10.AQoL scores indicated a 57%improvement in the treated group,higher than the untreated group(p<0.05).Our exploratory findings suggest that the unmedicated acneconcealing patches are a safe and practical treatment for reducing acne lesion size and severity,calming erythema,inhibiting PIH onset,and improving AQoL.
文摘Cutibacterium acnes were used to induce lipase production,and to establish ex-vivo skin model of inflammatory response and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation,in purpose of exploring the mechanism of chamomilla recutita extract.Clinical study was designed to investigate the effects of chamomilla recutita extract on Chinese volunteers with sequelae of adult acne,by evaluating the severity of acne,post-acne erythema and pigmentation,skin basic physiological conditions.The results showed that chamomilla recutita extract inhibited lipase activity,cellular inflammatory response,and melanin production.In the clinical study,the acnes were relieved 173%,with a 78%lower post-acne erythema index and 202%less hyperpigmentation as compared to placebo,after applying samples containing 1%chamomilla recutita extract for 28 days.Meanwhile,chamomilla recutita extract showed instant oil control effect.The extract significantly reduced sebum secretion by 293%,increased skin moisture content by 102%,and strengthened the skin barrier by 193%after 28 days application,which provided favorable skin physiological basis for the prevention and improvement of acne vulgaris and sequelae.
文摘The pervasive use of photo editing applications such as Photoshop and FaceTune has significantly altered societal beauty standards, particularly for individuals with skin of color, often leading to unrealistic expectations regarding skin appearance and health. These tools allow users to smooth skin textures, lighten skin tones, and erase imperfections, perpetuating Eurocentric beauty ideals that frequently marginalize the natural diversity of skin tones and textures. Consequently, individuals with skin of color may seek dermatological interventions—such as skin lightening treatments, aggressive acne scar revisions, and other cosmetic procedures—aimed at achieving appearances that align more closely with digitally manipulated images. This pursuit of an unattainable aesthetic can result in increased dissatisfaction with common skin conditions like hyperpigmentation and keloids, which are often misrepresented in edited photos. Additionally, the psychological impact of these alterations can exacerbate feelings of inadequacy, contributing to conditions such as anxiety and body dysmorphic disorder. Dermatologists face the dual challenge of addressing patients’ clinical needs while also managing their expectations shaped by digital enhancements. To combat this, it is essential for dermatologists to integrate patient education that emphasizes the beauty of diverse skin tones and the discrepancies between digital images and authentic skin health. By fostering an understanding of realistic outcomes and promoting the acceptance of natural skin characteristics, dermatologists can empower individuals with skin of color to prioritize authentic skin health over digitally influenced ideals, ultimately leading to more satisfying dermatological care and improved self-image.
文摘Pigmented skin spots,a visible sign of aging,can significantly affect the appearance of facial skin.To elucidate their pathogenesis and support the development of novel cosmetic ingredients,this review summarizes the morphological characteristics of pigmented skin spots and the extrinsic and intrinsic factors contributing to their development.Additionally,it highlights the common cosmetic ingredients currently used for reducing hyperpigmentation.The relevant literature was collected by searching PubMed and Wanfang Data for studies focusing on pigmented spots and facial spots.Overall,the literature indicates that pigmented spots display distinct morphological characteristics,including specialized melanocyte dendrites,altered vascular architecture,abnormal keratinization,and immune cell infiltration.Mechanistically,their formation is driven by both extrinsic factors(e.g.,sun exposure,skin microbiota,and particulate matter)as well as intrinsic factors(e.g.,vascular abnormalities,chronic inflammation,and hormonal fluctuations).Thus,pigmented skin spots represent a complex biological system encompassing multiple types of cells and molecular mediators,regulated by diverse environmental and physiological factors.Given their intricate microenvironment conditions and multifactorial etiology,a systematic and comprehensive investigation of pigmented spots is warranted.Such research could inform the development of cosmetic ingredients with targeted and multitargeted actions,enabling the more effective reduction of pigmented skin spots.
基金Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Transversal Project:"Internal and External"Product and Technology Development for Herbal Acne and Blemish Removal(No.2019110031001241)the Youth Project Under the National Natural Science Foundation of China:Revealing the Scientific Connotation of Tongfu Chinese Herb Rhubarb in Treating Ischemic Stroke from the Perspective of"Intestinal Tryptophan Metabolism and Central Microglia Polarisation"(No.82104440)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To analyze the chemical components of Mudan Huaban recipe(牡丹化斑方,MHR)and evaluate its efficacy and possible mechanism in melasma mice.METHODS:The chemical compositions of MHR were determined by the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-exactive mass spectrometry method.Female C57BL/6 mice were exposed to ultraviolet B and progesterone for 21 d to induce melasma,and Fontana-Masson staining was used to assess the effects of MHR on melasma.Luteinizing hormone(LH),estradiol,and follicle-stimulating hormone levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity and malonic dialdehyde content were detected by chemiluminescence.Tyrosinase and related proteins expressions were detected by Western blots and immunohistochemistry.RESULTS:A total of 43 chemical components were identified in MHR,MHR significantly decreased the melanin particles of melasma mice.MHR treatment significantly reversed the high contents of LH and low activity of SOD in models.MHR significantly reduced the higher levels of tyrosinase,tyrosinase-related proteins-1(TRP-1),TRP-2,microphthalmia-associated transcription factor and phosphorylation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein(pCREB)/CREB in the skin of melasma mice.CONCLUSIONS:MHR protects against melasma via regulation of sex hormones,oxidative stress,and melanogenesis-related proteins,suggesting its possible use as a supplement and alternative drug therapy for melasma.
文摘The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of TXA with other therapies for melasma.Melasma is a common acquired skin condition characterized by hypermelanosis,causing light to dark patches,and is the most prevalent in individuals with Fitzpatrick skin typesⅢtoⅥ.It is a complex condition with an unclear etiology,often influenced by factors such as excessive sun exposure and hormonal changes.Treating melasma poses significant challenges for healthcare providers,primarily due to its tendency to reoccur.This makes management strategies crucial for achieving lasting results and improving patient outcomes.A systematic review of randomized controlled trials(RCTs)was conducted using databases such as MEDLINE,EMBASE,Google Scholar,and Cochrane,yielding 10 studies encompassing 455 participants.The analysis incorporated oral,topical,and injectable forms of TXA,with treatment durations ranging from 8 weeks to 1 year.Pooled results using a random-effects model indicated a moderate effect size of 0.477,suggesting TXA′s efficacy in reducing melasma severity.However,high heterogeneity(I 2=97.62%)reflected variations in study protocols,TXA delivery methods,and patient demographics.
