The research,fabrication and development of piezoelectric nanofibrous materials offer effective solutions to the challenges related to energy consumption and non-renewable resources.However,enhancing their electrical ...The research,fabrication and development of piezoelectric nanofibrous materials offer effective solutions to the challenges related to energy consumption and non-renewable resources.However,enhancing their electrical output still remains a significant challenge.Here,a strategy of inducing constrained phase separation on single nanofibers via shear force was proposed.Employing electrospinning technology,a polyacrylonitrile/polyvinylidene difluoride(PAN/PVDF)nanofibrous membrane was fabricated in one step,which enabled simultaneous piezoelectric and triboelectric conversion within a single-layer membrane.Each nanofiber contained independent components of PAN and PVDF and exhibited a rough surface.The abundant frictional contact points formed between these heterogeneous components contributed to an enhanced endogenous triboelectric output,showcasing an excellent synergistic effect of piezoelectric and triboelectric response in the nanofibrous membrane.Additionally,the component mass ratio influenced the microstructure,piezoelectric conformation and piezoelectric performance of the PAN/PVDF nanofibrous membranes.Through comprehensive performance comparison,the optimal mass ratio of PAN to PVDF was determined to be 9∶1.The piezoelectric devices made of the optimal PAN/PVDF nanofibrous membranes with rough nanofiber surfaces generated an output voltage of 20 V,which was about 1.8 times that of the smooth one at the same component mass ratio.The strategy of constrained phase separation on the surface of individual nanofibers provides a new approach to enhance the output performance of single-layer piezoelectric nanofibrous materials.展开更多
Phosphorus(P)is crucial for crop growth.However,in waters,P is considered as contaminant due to its role in causing eutrophication and algae blooms.Therefore,recovering P from wastewater is essential for sustainable P...Phosphorus(P)is crucial for crop growth.However,in waters,P is considered as contaminant due to its role in causing eutrophication and algae blooms.Therefore,recovering P from wastewater is essential for sustainable P management.This study investigated the removal of P from aqueous solutions using bioinspired poly(ethylenimine)-poly(acrylamideco-acrylic acid)(PEI-PAMcoAA)coacervates.In detail,we investigated various parameters affecting P removal,including the ratio of PEI to PAMcoAA(ranging from 1:2 to 3:1,stoichiometry ratio of NH_(2) to COOH),pH(5.0-8.0)of P-containing solutions,initial P concentration(0.05-5 mmol/L),and the addition of calcium(Ca,0.1-5 mmol/L).We found that increasing the PEI:PAMcoAA ratio from1:2 to 3:1 significantly enhanced P removal efficiency,increasing from 47.21%to 95.44%.Under neutral pH conditions without calcium(Ca),PEI-PAMcoAA coacervates demonstrated optimal P removal capabilities(achieving an efficiency of 77.96%)through electrostatic adsorption.In contrast,the addition of Ca under alkaline conditions markedly improved P removal efficiency,increasing it from 64.16%to 82.42%.Detailed analyses of P within the coacervates indicated that Ca facilitates P precipitation and provides additional binding sites.These findings demonstrated that PEI-(Ca)-PAMcoAA coacervates show promise for efficiently removing P,particularly at low P concentrations.After the Premoval,the immobilized P can potentially be reused directly,as P able to be released from the reacted products.Therefore,the reacted coacervates could serve as a non-toxic fertilizer.Given its simplicity,high efficiency,and environmental friendliness,P removal based on bioinspired coacervates represents a low-hanging fruit in the pursuit of sustainable P management.展开更多
Welding high-entropy alloy(HEA)to Mg alloy has gained increasing attention for multi-metal structure design,while intrinsic sluggish diffusion kinetics of HEA confines diffusion-controlled interfacial reactions and mak...Welding high-entropy alloy(HEA)to Mg alloy has gained increasing attention for multi-metal structure design,while intrinsic sluggish diffusion kinetics of HEA confines diffusion-controlled interfacial reactions and makes it challenging to establish robust metallurgical bonding.This study investigated welding of FeCoCrNiMn HEA to commercial AZ31 as a model combination to pioneer thisfield.Interfacial phase separation phenomenon was observed,with the diffusion accelerated by in-situ engineering a submicron-scale thick(∼400–500 nm)HEA nearby the interface into nanocrystalline-structure during friction stir welding.Abundant grain boundaries generated in this nanocrystalline-interlayer serve as diffusion short-circuits and energetically preferred nucleation-sites,which promoted Al in AZ31 to diffuse into HEA and triggered quick separation into body-centered cubic AlNi-type and tetragonal FeCr-type intermetallics.HEA and AZ31 were thus metallurgically bonded by these interfacial intermetallics.The joint shows exceptional strength in tensile lap-shear testing with fracture largely occurred within AZ31 rather than right along interface as commonly reported previously for dissimilar joints.展开更多
Ribosome is an intracellular ribonucleoprotein particle that serves as the site of protein biosynthesis.Ribosomal dysfunction caused by mutations in genes encoding ribosomal proteins(RPs)and ribosome biogenesis factor...Ribosome is an intracellular ribonucleoprotein particle that serves as the site of protein biosynthesis.Ribosomal dysfunction caused by mutations in genes encoding ribosomal proteins(RPs)and ribosome biogenesis factors(RBFs)can lead to a spectrum of diseases,collectively known as ribosomopathy.Phase separation is a thermodynamic process that produces multiple phases from a homogeneous mixture.The formation of membraneless organelles and intracellular structures,including ribosomes and nucleoli,cannot occur without the involvement of phase separation.Here,ribosome structure,biogenesis,and their relationship with ribosomopathy are systematically reviewed.The tissue specificity of ribosomopathy and the role of phase separation in ribosomopathy are particularly discussed,which may offer some clues for understanding the mechanisms of ribosomopathy.Then,some new ideas for the prevention,diagnosis,and treatment of ribosomopathy are provided.展开更多
Chiral active matter exhibits a variety of collective behaviors,including phase separation,which is governed by the rule of“like chiralities attract,while opposite chiralities repel”.In this work,we investigate the ...Chiral active matter exhibits a variety of collective behaviors,including phase separation,which is governed by the rule of“like chiralities attract,while opposite chiralities repel”.In this work,we investigate the chiral demixing strategy of double-chiral partial mixture with inter-chiral frustration.We find that the inter-chiral frustration can significantly enhance the chiral demixing of active particles with different chiralities,both during the transient and in the steady state,not only accelerating the progress,but also improving the degree of phase separation.This phenomenon is reminiscent of the phase separation of binary mixtures in condensed matter physics,where the inter-chiral frustration can play a crucial role in the formation of the phase-separated states.We construct the phase diagram of the system and discuss the critical frustration for the enhancement of chiral demixing.Our work presents the first systematic investigation of inter-chiral frustration in self-propelled chiral active matter,filling a critical gap in the field.展开更多
Understanding the liquid-liquid phase separation(LLPS)of immunoglobulin G(IgG)is crucial,as it profoundly influences IgG’s biological activity and stability.In this study,we employed coarse-grained molecular dynamics...Understanding the liquid-liquid phase separation(LLPS)of immunoglobulin G(IgG)is crucial,as it profoundly influences IgG’s biological activity and stability.In this study,we employed coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to systematically investigate the phase separation behavior of IgG.We first constructed two types of IgG models:all-pair IgG model and partial-pair IgG model,and compared the coexistence curve from our simulations with experimental data.Our results showed that the partial-pair IgG model aligns better with the experimental critical temperature and critical density.Using this model,we then calculated the temperature-dependent variations of IgG’s radius of gyration,surface tension,viscosity,etc.More importantly,we demonstrated that variations in the interaction strengths among IgG molecules significantly influence their phase separation behavior.Specifically,a higher standard deviation of interaction strength at different temperatures is found to lead to more stable phase-separated states.Furthermore,we observed that the introduction of repulsive polymers and strongly attractive polymers consistently enhances IgG phase separation,while weakly attractive polymers exhibit a dual regulatory effect on the phase separation.Overall,this study provides valuable insights into the mechanisms governing IgG phase behavior,with potential implications for optimizing biopharmaceutical products.展开更多
A robust spontaneous exchange bias effect after zero-field cooling was observed in Co_(2)Sn_(1-x)Cr_(x)O_(4)system,which was driven by the transition from superspin-glass to superferromagnetic domain embedded in the f...A robust spontaneous exchange bias effect after zero-field cooling was observed in Co_(2)Sn_(1-x)Cr_(x)O_(4)system,which was driven by the transition from superspin-glass to superferromagnetic domain embedded in the ferrimagnetic matrix.Additionally,the exchange bias effect is gradually pronounced with the positive increase in the cooling field,known as the conventional exchange bias effect.However,as the cooling field gradually decreases and transits from positive to negative,the exchange bias effect can robustly remain positive in the low-negative-field region until the cooling field increases to be sufficiently large in the negative direction.展开更多
In this paper,the liquid–vapor phase separation under viscous shear is investigated by using a pseudopotential central moment lattice Boltzmann method.Physically,the multiphase shear flow is governed by two competing...In this paper,the liquid–vapor phase separation under viscous shear is investigated by using a pseudopotential central moment lattice Boltzmann method.Physically,the multiphase shear flow is governed by two competing mechanisms:surface tension and shear force.It is interesting to find that the liquid tends to form a droplet when the surface tension dominates under conditions of low temperature,shear velocity,and viscosity,and in larger domain size.Otherwise,the liquid tends to form a band if shear force dominates.Moreover,the average density gradient is used as a physical criterion to distinguish the spinodal decomposition and domain growth.Both spatial and temporal changes of density are studied during the phase separation under shear.展开更多
Long-chain polyamides(LCPAs)are a class of bio-based polymers that can bridge conventional polyolefins and polycondensates.In this work,taking the advantage of the amphiphilic nature of polyamide 1012(PA1012),membrane...Long-chain polyamides(LCPAs)are a class of bio-based polymers that can bridge conventional polyolefins and polycondensates.In this work,taking the advantage of the amphiphilic nature of polyamide 1012(PA1012),membranes were prepared by using a non-conventional phase separation approach,namely,mixed‘non-solvents’evaporation induced phase separation(MNEIPS).PA1012 can be dissolved in a mixture of polar and non-polar solvents,both of which are non-solvents of PA1012.During the sequential evaporation of the two solvents,the phase separation of PA1012 occurred,inducing the formation of porous structures.We investigated the process of membrane formation in detail,with a specific focus on the liquid-liquid and liquid-solid phase transitions involved.Moreover,we studied the influence of critical factors,such as polymer concentration and mixed-solvent ratio,on the morphologies and properties of PA1012 membranes.This study provides new insights into the development of porous materials based on long-chain polycondensates.展开更多
Intracellular liquid-liquid phase separation(LLPS)represents a pivotal biological process for the formation of cellular compartments,which involves the formation of droplet-like condensates through the hydrophobic and...Intracellular liquid-liquid phase separation(LLPS)represents a pivotal biological process for the formation of cellular compartments,which involves the formation of droplet-like condensates through the hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions of biomolecules.LLPS plays a crucial role in normal cellular physiological activities,and it is also intimately linked to the pathological mechanisms of various diseases.This review summarizes the significant role of LLPS in regulating transcriptional mechanisms within the nucleus,with a focus on the mechanisms by which LLPS modulates gene transcription.Additionally,we highlight the roles of key proteins involved in LLPS,such as FOXK1,BRD4,Tau protein,and HDAC6,in the context of disease.We delve into the relationships between LLPS and diseases such as chronic kidney disease,atherosclerosis,Alzheimer’s disease,and triple-negative breast cancer,revealing the regulatory mechanisms of LLPS in disease onset and progression.Furthermore,we discuss the potential of pharmacological interventions targeting LLPS as novel therapeutic approaches,encompassing strategies such as gene therapy,traditional Chinese medicine monomers,and small-molecule inhibitors.In the future,a deeper understanding of the LLPS mechanism will continue to propel its application in disease prevention and treatment,providing robust support for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.展开更多
Understanding working principles and thermodynamics behind phase separations,which have significant influences on condensed molecular structures and their performances,can inspire to design and fabricate anomalously a...Understanding working principles and thermodynamics behind phase separations,which have significant influences on condensed molecular structures and their performances,can inspire to design and fabricate anomalously and desirably mechanoresponsive hydrogels.However,a combination of techniques from physicochemistry and mechanics has yet been established for the phase separation in hydrogels.In this study,a thermodynamic model is firstly formulated to describe solvent-aided phase and microphase separations in the hydrogels,which present significantly improved mechanoresponsive strengths.Flory-Huggins theory and interfacial energy equation have further been applied to model the thermodynamics of concentration-dependent and temperature-dependent phase separations.An intricately detailed phase map has finally been formulated to explore the working principle.The thermodynamic methodology of phase separations,combined with the constitutive stress-strain relationships,has a great potential to explore the working mechanisms in mechanoresponsive hydrogels.展开更多
We report a simple preparation method of a renewable superhydrophobic surface by thermally induced phase separation （TIPS） and mechanical peeling. Porous polyvinylidene fluoride （PVDF） membranes with hierarchical ...We report a simple preparation method of a renewable superhydrophobic surface by thermally induced phase separation （TIPS） and mechanical peeling. Porous polyvinylidene fluoride （PVDF） membranes with hierarchical structures were prepared by a TIPS process under different cooling conditions, which were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and mercury intrusion porosimetry. After peeling off the top layer, rough structures with hundreds of nanometers to several microns were obtained. A digital microscopy determines that the surface roughness of peeled PVDF membranes is much higher than that of the original PVDF membrane, which is important to obtain the superhydrophobicity. Water contact angle and sliding angle measurements demonstrate that the peeled membrane surfaces display super- hydrophobicity with a high contact angle （152°） and a low sliding angle （7.2°）. Moreover, the superhydrophobicity can be easily recovered for many times by a simple mechanical peeling, identical to the original superhydrophobicity. This simple preparation method is low cost, and suitable for large-scale industrialization, which may offer more opportunities for practical applications.展开更多
Microporous carbon nanofibers (MCNFs) derived from polyacrylonitrile nanofibers were fabricated via electrospinning technology and phase separation in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). PVP together with a mi...Microporous carbon nanofibers (MCNFs) derived from polyacrylonitrile nanofibers were fabricated via electrospinning technology and phase separation in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). PVP together with a mixed solvent of N, N-Dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide was used as pore forming agent. The influences of PVP content in casting solution on the structure and electrochemical performance of the MCNFs were also investigated. The highest capacitance of 200 F/g was obtained on a three-electrode system at a scan rate of 0.5 A/g. The good performance was owing to the high specific surface area and the large amount of micro-pores, which enhanced the absorption and the transportation efficiency of electrolyte ion during charge/discharge process. This research indicated that the combination of electrospinning and phase separation technology could be used to fabricate microporous carbon nanofibers as electrode materials for supercapacitors with high specific surface area and outstanding electrochemical performance. (C) 2016 Science Press and Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. and Science Press. All rights reserved.展开更多
Isotactic polypropylene （iPP） hollow fiber microporous membranes were prepared using thermally induced phase separation （TIPS） method. Di-n-butyl phthalate （DBP）, dioctyl phthalate （DOP）, and the mixed solvent...Isotactic polypropylene （iPP） hollow fiber microporous membranes were prepared using thermally induced phase separation （TIPS） method. Di-n-butyl phthalate （DBP）, dioctyl phthalate （DOP）, and the mixed solvent were used as diluents. The effect of α （DOP mass fraction in diluent） on the morphology and performance of the hollow fiber was investigated. With increasing α, the morphology of the resulting hollow fiber changes from typical cellular structure to mixed structure, and then to typical particulate structure. As a result, the permeability of the hollow fiber increases sharply, and the mechanical properties of the hollow fiber decrease obviously. It is suggested that the morphology and performances of iPP hollow fiber microporous membrane can be controlled via adjusting the compatibility between iPP and diluent.展开更多
Phase separation rate is a critical character in determining the usefulness of a solvent extraction system in hydrometallurgy. A survey of the synergistic mixture containing dinonylnaphthalene sulfonic acid (HDNNS) an...Phase separation rate is a critical character in determining the usefulness of a solvent extraction system in hydrometallurgy. A survey of the synergistic mixture containing dinonylnaphthalene sulfonic acid (HDNNS) and 2-ethylhexly 4-pyridinecarboxylate ester (4PC) for the extraction of cobalt from acidic single metal sulfate solution was carried out to suggest how the physicochemical properties and the morphology of the reverse micelles in the loaded organic phase affect the phase separation. The results show that effective parameters affecting the phase separation are the viscosity and the excess water uptake of the loaded organic phase. It is obvious that the specific settling rate (SSR) decreases with the apparent increase of these two parameters. The measurement of small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) proves that the morphology of the reversed micelles in the loaded organic phase changes evidently with the change of the specific settling rate (SSR).展开更多
The formation of biomolecular condensates via liquid-liquid phase separation(LLPS)is an advantageous strategy for cells to organize subcellular compartments for diverse functions.The involvement of LLPS is more widesp...The formation of biomolecular condensates via liquid-liquid phase separation(LLPS)is an advantageous strategy for cells to organize subcellular compartments for diverse functions.The involvement of LLPS is more widespread and overrepresented in RNA-related biological processes.This is in part because that RNAs are intrinsically multivalent macromolecules,and the presence of RNAs affects the formation,dissolution,and biophysical properties of biomolecular condensates formed by LLPS.Emerging studies have illustrated how LLPS participates in RNA transcription,splicing,processing,quality control,translation,and function.The interconnected regulation between LLPS and RNAs ensures tight control of RNA-related cellular functions.展开更多
Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) with a microporous structure was prepared via thermally induced phase separation (TIPS).Liquid paraffin (LP) was used as a diluent in the preparation of microporous UH...Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) with a microporous structure was prepared via thermally induced phase separation (TIPS).Liquid paraffin (LP) was used as a diluent in the preparation of microporous UHMWPE. Small angle laser light scattering (SALLS) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to determine the phase separation temperatures,i.e.the cloud points and the dynamic crystallization temperatures,respectively.It was found that the cloudI points were coincident with the cryst...展开更多
In this study, the poly（L-lactide）/poly（D-lactide） （PLLA/PDLA） blends with different optical purities of PLLA and various molecular weights of PDLA are prepared by solution mixing, and the stereocomplex formatio...In this study, the poly（L-lactide）/poly（D-lactide） （PLLA/PDLA） blends with different optical purities of PLLA and various molecular weights of PDLA are prepared by solution mixing, and the stereocomplex formation and phase separation behaviors of these blends are investigated. Results reveal that optical purity and molecular weight do not vary the crystal structure of PLA stereocomplex （sc） and homochiral crystallites （hc）. As the optical purity increasing in the blends, the melting temperature of sc （Tsc） and the content of sc （AHsc） increased, while the melting temperature of hc （Thin） hardly changes, although the content ofhc （AHhm） decreased gradually. The Tsc and AHsc are also enhanced as the molecular weight of PDLA reduces, and the AHhm reduces rapidly even though the Thin does not vary apparently. With lower optical purities of PLLA and higher molecular weights of PDLA, three types of crystals form in the blends, i.e., PLA sc, PLLA hc and PDLA hc. As molecular weight decreases and optical purity enhances, the crystal phase decreases to two （sc and PDLA hc）, and one （sc） finally. This investigation indicates that the phase separation behavior between PLLA and PDLA in the PLLA/PDLA blends not only depends on molecular weights, but also relies on the optical purities of polymers.展开更多
The dynamic scaling behaviour of late-stage phase separation and coarsening mechanisms of L12 and D022 in Ni75AlxV25-x （3 ≤ x ≤ 10, at.%） alloys are studied using the microscopic phase-field dynamic model. The mic...The dynamic scaling behaviour of late-stage phase separation and coarsening mechanisms of L12 and D022 in Ni75AlxV25-x （3 ≤ x ≤ 10, at.%） alloys are studied using the microscopic phase-field dynamic model. The microelaso ticity field is incorporated into the diffusion dynamic model. The results show the morphology and coarsening dynamics being greatly changed by the elastic interactions among different precipitates, the particles aligning along the dominant directions, the average domain size （ADS） of L12 and D022 deviating from the exponent of temporal power-law, and the growth slowing down due to the increasing of elastic interactions. The dynamic scaling regime of late-stage coarsening of the precipitates is attained. Thus the scaling behaviour of structure function is also applicable for elastic interaction systems. It is also found that the variations of ADS and scaling function depend on the volume fraction of precipitates.展开更多
A 3m drop-tube was used to investigate the solidification of Fe50Cu50 hypoperitectic alloy. The falling droplets solidified as spheres and splats. The obtained particles range from 1000μm to 80μm in diameter. It was...A 3m drop-tube was used to investigate the solidification of Fe50Cu50 hypoperitectic alloy. The falling droplets solidified as spheres and splats. The obtained particles range from 1000μm to 80μm in diameter. It was found that the phase separation occurred if the Fe-Cu liquid was undercooled to a certain extent before solidification.In the big particles macroscopic separation of Fe-rich phase always appeared in the cented of the particles, and in the small ones the Fe-rich phase usually solidified as little spheres. In the flakes the Fe-rich and Cu-rich layers alternatively displayed from top to bottom.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52373281)National Energy-Saving and Low-Carbon Materials Production and Application Demonstration Platform Program,China(No.TC220H06N)。
文摘The research,fabrication and development of piezoelectric nanofibrous materials offer effective solutions to the challenges related to energy consumption and non-renewable resources.However,enhancing their electrical output still remains a significant challenge.Here,a strategy of inducing constrained phase separation on single nanofibers via shear force was proposed.Employing electrospinning technology,a polyacrylonitrile/polyvinylidene difluoride(PAN/PVDF)nanofibrous membrane was fabricated in one step,which enabled simultaneous piezoelectric and triboelectric conversion within a single-layer membrane.Each nanofiber contained independent components of PAN and PVDF and exhibited a rough surface.The abundant frictional contact points formed between these heterogeneous components contributed to an enhanced endogenous triboelectric output,showcasing an excellent synergistic effect of piezoelectric and triboelectric response in the nanofibrous membrane.Additionally,the component mass ratio influenced the microstructure,piezoelectric conformation and piezoelectric performance of the PAN/PVDF nanofibrous membranes.Through comprehensive performance comparison,the optimal mass ratio of PAN to PVDF was determined to be 9∶1.The piezoelectric devices made of the optimal PAN/PVDF nanofibrous membranes with rough nanofiber surfaces generated an output voltage of 20 V,which was about 1.8 times that of the smooth one at the same component mass ratio.The strategy of constrained phase separation on the surface of individual nanofibers provides a new approach to enhance the output performance of single-layer piezoelectric nanofibrous materials.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2023YFD1900602 and 2023YFD1900605)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.SWU-KR24036)the Visiting Training Funds for Teachers from Ordinary Undergraduate Colleges and Universities in Shandong Province.
文摘Phosphorus(P)is crucial for crop growth.However,in waters,P is considered as contaminant due to its role in causing eutrophication and algae blooms.Therefore,recovering P from wastewater is essential for sustainable P management.This study investigated the removal of P from aqueous solutions using bioinspired poly(ethylenimine)-poly(acrylamideco-acrylic acid)(PEI-PAMcoAA)coacervates.In detail,we investigated various parameters affecting P removal,including the ratio of PEI to PAMcoAA(ranging from 1:2 to 3:1,stoichiometry ratio of NH_(2) to COOH),pH(5.0-8.0)of P-containing solutions,initial P concentration(0.05-5 mmol/L),and the addition of calcium(Ca,0.1-5 mmol/L).We found that increasing the PEI:PAMcoAA ratio from1:2 to 3:1 significantly enhanced P removal efficiency,increasing from 47.21%to 95.44%.Under neutral pH conditions without calcium(Ca),PEI-PAMcoAA coacervates demonstrated optimal P removal capabilities(achieving an efficiency of 77.96%)through electrostatic adsorption.In contrast,the addition of Ca under alkaline conditions markedly improved P removal efficiency,increasing it from 64.16%to 82.42%.Detailed analyses of P within the coacervates indicated that Ca facilitates P precipitation and provides additional binding sites.These findings demonstrated that PEI-(Ca)-PAMcoAA coacervates show promise for efficiently removing P,particularly at low P concentrations.After the Premoval,the immobilized P can potentially be reused directly,as P able to be released from the reacted products.Therefore,the reacted coacervates could serve as a non-toxic fertilizer.Given its simplicity,high efficiency,and environmental friendliness,P removal based on bioinspired coacervates represents a low-hanging fruit in the pursuit of sustainable P management.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant numbers:52475385,52305392]the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2022M722048).
文摘Welding high-entropy alloy(HEA)to Mg alloy has gained increasing attention for multi-metal structure design,while intrinsic sluggish diffusion kinetics of HEA confines diffusion-controlled interfacial reactions and makes it challenging to establish robust metallurgical bonding.This study investigated welding of FeCoCrNiMn HEA to commercial AZ31 as a model combination to pioneer thisfield.Interfacial phase separation phenomenon was observed,with the diffusion accelerated by in-situ engineering a submicron-scale thick(∼400–500 nm)HEA nearby the interface into nanocrystalline-structure during friction stir welding.Abundant grain boundaries generated in this nanocrystalline-interlayer serve as diffusion short-circuits and energetically preferred nucleation-sites,which promoted Al in AZ31 to diffuse into HEA and triggered quick separation into body-centered cubic AlNi-type and tetragonal FeCr-type intermetallics.HEA and AZ31 were thus metallurgically bonded by these interfacial intermetallics.The joint shows exceptional strength in tensile lap-shear testing with fracture largely occurred within AZ31 rather than right along interface as commonly reported previously for dissimilar joints.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82071097 and 82370906)the Shanghai Pujiang Program(No.2020PJD026)+1 种基金the Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province Foundation(No.2021M007)the Research Project of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission(No.20234Z0006),China.
文摘Ribosome is an intracellular ribonucleoprotein particle that serves as the site of protein biosynthesis.Ribosomal dysfunction caused by mutations in genes encoding ribosomal proteins(RPs)and ribosome biogenesis factors(RBFs)can lead to a spectrum of diseases,collectively known as ribosomopathy.Phase separation is a thermodynamic process that produces multiple phases from a homogeneous mixture.The formation of membraneless organelles and intracellular structures,including ribosomes and nucleoli,cannot occur without the involvement of phase separation.Here,ribosome structure,biogenesis,and their relationship with ribosomopathy are systematically reviewed.The tissue specificity of ribosomopathy and the role of phase separation in ribosomopathy are particularly discussed,which may offer some clues for understanding the mechanisms of ribosomopathy.Then,some new ideas for the prevention,diagnosis,and treatment of ribosomopathy are provided.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(Grant Nos.12375031 and 11875135)China National University Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship(Grant No.202410385040)Fujian University Alliance of Physics Discipline Training Program of Innovation for Under-graduates Development Program,China.
文摘Chiral active matter exhibits a variety of collective behaviors,including phase separation,which is governed by the rule of“like chiralities attract,while opposite chiralities repel”.In this work,we investigate the chiral demixing strategy of double-chiral partial mixture with inter-chiral frustration.We find that the inter-chiral frustration can significantly enhance the chiral demixing of active particles with different chiralities,both during the transient and in the steady state,not only accelerating the progress,but also improving the degree of phase separation.This phenomenon is reminiscent of the phase separation of binary mixtures in condensed matter physics,where the inter-chiral frustration can play a crucial role in the formation of the phase-separated states.We construct the phase diagram of the system and discuss the critical frustration for the enhancement of chiral demixing.Our work presents the first systematic investigation of inter-chiral frustration in self-propelled chiral active matter,filling a critical gap in the field.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12222506,12347102,and 12174184).
文摘Understanding the liquid-liquid phase separation(LLPS)of immunoglobulin G(IgG)is crucial,as it profoundly influences IgG’s biological activity and stability.In this study,we employed coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to systematically investigate the phase separation behavior of IgG.We first constructed two types of IgG models:all-pair IgG model and partial-pair IgG model,and compared the coexistence curve from our simulations with experimental data.Our results showed that the partial-pair IgG model aligns better with the experimental critical temperature and critical density.Using this model,we then calculated the temperature-dependent variations of IgG’s radius of gyration,surface tension,viscosity,etc.More importantly,we demonstrated that variations in the interaction strengths among IgG molecules significantly influence their phase separation behavior.Specifically,a higher standard deviation of interaction strength at different temperatures is found to lead to more stable phase-separated states.Furthermore,we observed that the introduction of repulsive polymers and strongly attractive polymers consistently enhances IgG phase separation,while weakly attractive polymers exhibit a dual regulatory effect on the phase separation.Overall,this study provides valuable insights into the mechanisms governing IgG phase behavior,with potential implications for optimizing biopharmaceutical products.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11474111 and 11604281)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(No.YESS20220618)the Hundreds of Talents program of Sun Yat-sen University(No.210192)
文摘A robust spontaneous exchange bias effect after zero-field cooling was observed in Co_(2)Sn_(1-x)Cr_(x)O_(4)system,which was driven by the transition from superspin-glass to superferromagnetic domain embedded in the ferrimagnetic matrix.Additionally,the exchange bias effect is gradually pronounced with the positive increase in the cooling field,known as the conventional exchange bias effect.However,as the cooling field gradually decreases and transits from positive to negative,the exchange bias effect can robustly remain positive in the low-negative-field region until the cooling field increases to be sufficiently large in the negative direction.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.51806116Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation under Grant No.2024A1515010927+2 种基金China Scholarship Council under Grant No.202306380288Humanities and Social Science Foundation of the Ministry of Education in China under Grant No.24YJCZH163Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Sun Yat-sen University under Grant No.24qnpy044。
文摘In this paper,the liquid–vapor phase separation under viscous shear is investigated by using a pseudopotential central moment lattice Boltzmann method.Physically,the multiphase shear flow is governed by two competing mechanisms:surface tension and shear force.It is interesting to find that the liquid tends to form a droplet when the surface tension dominates under conditions of low temperature,shear velocity,and viscosity,and in larger domain size.Otherwise,the liquid tends to form a band if shear force dominates.Moreover,the average density gradient is used as a physical criterion to distinguish the spinodal decomposition and domain growth.Both spatial and temporal changes of density are studied during the phase separation under shear.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2023ZYGXZR107)the TCL Science and Technology Innovation Fund。
文摘Long-chain polyamides(LCPAs)are a class of bio-based polymers that can bridge conventional polyolefins and polycondensates.In this work,taking the advantage of the amphiphilic nature of polyamide 1012(PA1012),membranes were prepared by using a non-conventional phase separation approach,namely,mixed‘non-solvents’evaporation induced phase separation(MNEIPS).PA1012 can be dissolved in a mixture of polar and non-polar solvents,both of which are non-solvents of PA1012.During the sequential evaporation of the two solvents,the phase separation of PA1012 occurred,inducing the formation of porous structures.We investigated the process of membrane formation in detail,with a specific focus on the liquid-liquid and liquid-solid phase transitions involved.Moreover,we studied the influence of critical factors,such as polymer concentration and mixed-solvent ratio,on the morphologies and properties of PA1012 membranes.This study provides new insights into the development of porous materials based on long-chain polycondensates.
基金supported by the Hebei Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.H2022110019).Peer review。
文摘Intracellular liquid-liquid phase separation(LLPS)represents a pivotal biological process for the formation of cellular compartments,which involves the formation of droplet-like condensates through the hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions of biomolecules.LLPS plays a crucial role in normal cellular physiological activities,and it is also intimately linked to the pathological mechanisms of various diseases.This review summarizes the significant role of LLPS in regulating transcriptional mechanisms within the nucleus,with a focus on the mechanisms by which LLPS modulates gene transcription.Additionally,we highlight the roles of key proteins involved in LLPS,such as FOXK1,BRD4,Tau protein,and HDAC6,in the context of disease.We delve into the relationships between LLPS and diseases such as chronic kidney disease,atherosclerosis,Alzheimer’s disease,and triple-negative breast cancer,revealing the regulatory mechanisms of LLPS in disease onset and progression.Furthermore,we discuss the potential of pharmacological interventions targeting LLPS as novel therapeutic approaches,encompassing strategies such as gene therapy,traditional Chinese medicine monomers,and small-molecule inhibitors.In the future,a deeper understanding of the LLPS mechanism will continue to propel its application in disease prevention and treatment,providing robust support for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China NSFC(Grant 11725208)Newton Mobility(Grant IE161019)through Royal SocietyNSFC.
文摘Understanding working principles and thermodynamics behind phase separations,which have significant influences on condensed molecular structures and their performances,can inspire to design and fabricate anomalously and desirably mechanoresponsive hydrogels.However,a combination of techniques from physicochemistry and mechanics has yet been established for the phase separation in hydrogels.In this study,a thermodynamic model is firstly formulated to describe solvent-aided phase and microphase separations in the hydrogels,which present significantly improved mechanoresponsive strengths.Flory-Huggins theory and interfacial energy equation have further been applied to model the thermodynamics of concentration-dependent and temperature-dependent phase separations.An intricately detailed phase map has finally been formulated to explore the working principle.The thermodynamic methodology of phase separations,combined with the constitutive stress-strain relationships,has a great potential to explore the working mechanisms in mechanoresponsive hydrogels.
基金This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.51403107）, the Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo （No.2015A610014）, the Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Tech- nologies （No.2016K07）, and K. C. Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University.
文摘We report a simple preparation method of a renewable superhydrophobic surface by thermally induced phase separation （TIPS） and mechanical peeling. Porous polyvinylidene fluoride （PVDF） membranes with hierarchical structures were prepared by a TIPS process under different cooling conditions, which were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and mercury intrusion porosimetry. After peeling off the top layer, rough structures with hundreds of nanometers to several microns were obtained. A digital microscopy determines that the surface roughness of peeled PVDF membranes is much higher than that of the original PVDF membrane, which is important to obtain the superhydrophobicity. Water contact angle and sliding angle measurements demonstrate that the peeled membrane surfaces display super- hydrophobicity with a high contact angle （152°） and a low sliding angle （7.2°）. Moreover, the superhydrophobicity can be easily recovered for many times by a simple mechanical peeling, identical to the original superhydrophobicity. This simple preparation method is low cost, and suitable for large-scale industrialization, which may offer more opportunities for practical applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51203071,51363014 and 51362018)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2014M552509)+2 种基金the Opening Project of State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering(Sichuan University)(sklpme2014-4-25)the Program for Hongliu Distinguished Young Scholars in Lanzhou University of Technology(J201402)the University Scientific Research Project of Gansu Province(2014B-025)
文摘Microporous carbon nanofibers (MCNFs) derived from polyacrylonitrile nanofibers were fabricated via electrospinning technology and phase separation in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). PVP together with a mixed solvent of N, N-Dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide was used as pore forming agent. The influences of PVP content in casting solution on the structure and electrochemical performance of the MCNFs were also investigated. The highest capacitance of 200 F/g was obtained on a three-electrode system at a scan rate of 0.5 A/g. The good performance was owing to the high specific surface area and the large amount of micro-pores, which enhanced the absorption and the transportation efficiency of electrolyte ion during charge/discharge process. This research indicated that the combination of electrospinning and phase separation technology could be used to fabricate microporous carbon nanofibers as electrode materials for supercapacitors with high specific surface area and outstanding electrochemical performance. (C) 2016 Science Press and Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. and Science Press. All rights reserved.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.20236030）.
文摘Isotactic polypropylene （iPP） hollow fiber microporous membranes were prepared using thermally induced phase separation （TIPS） method. Di-n-butyl phthalate （DBP）, dioctyl phthalate （DOP）, and the mixed solvent were used as diluents. The effect of α （DOP mass fraction in diluent） on the morphology and performance of the hollow fiber was investigated. With increasing α, the morphology of the resulting hollow fiber changes from typical cellular structure to mixed structure, and then to typical particulate structure. As a result, the permeability of the hollow fiber increases sharply, and the mechanical properties of the hollow fiber decrease obviously. It is suggested that the morphology and performances of iPP hollow fiber microporous membrane can be controlled via adjusting the compatibility between iPP and diluent.
基金Project(2014CB643401) supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProject(51674294) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2016TP1007) supported by the Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Plan,China
文摘Phase separation rate is a critical character in determining the usefulness of a solvent extraction system in hydrometallurgy. A survey of the synergistic mixture containing dinonylnaphthalene sulfonic acid (HDNNS) and 2-ethylhexly 4-pyridinecarboxylate ester (4PC) for the extraction of cobalt from acidic single metal sulfate solution was carried out to suggest how the physicochemical properties and the morphology of the reverse micelles in the loaded organic phase affect the phase separation. The results show that effective parameters affecting the phase separation are the viscosity and the excess water uptake of the loaded organic phase. It is obvious that the specific settling rate (SSR) decreases with the apparent increase of these two parameters. The measurement of small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) proves that the morphology of the reversed micelles in the loaded organic phase changes evidently with the change of the specific settling rate (SSR).
文摘The formation of biomolecular condensates via liquid-liquid phase separation(LLPS)is an advantageous strategy for cells to organize subcellular compartments for diverse functions.The involvement of LLPS is more widespread and overrepresented in RNA-related biological processes.This is in part because that RNAs are intrinsically multivalent macromolecules,and the presence of RNAs affects the formation,dissolution,and biophysical properties of biomolecular condensates formed by LLPS.Emerging studies have illustrated how LLPS participates in RNA transcription,splicing,processing,quality control,translation,and function.The interconnected regulation between LLPS and RNAs ensures tight control of RNA-related cellular functions.
基金supported by Special Funds for Major State Basic Research Projects,China (No.2003CB615705).
文摘Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) with a microporous structure was prepared via thermally induced phase separation (TIPS).Liquid paraffin (LP) was used as a diluent in the preparation of microporous UHMWPE. Small angle laser light scattering (SALLS) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to determine the phase separation temperatures,i.e.the cloud points and the dynamic crystallization temperatures,respectively.It was found that the cloudI points were coincident with the cryst...
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.5127319851373169+4 种基金510330035130317651321062 and 51403089)863 Program(No.2011AA02A202)from the Ministry of Science and Technology of ChinaInnovative Research Group(No.51321062)
文摘In this study, the poly（L-lactide）/poly（D-lactide） （PLLA/PDLA） blends with different optical purities of PLLA and various molecular weights of PDLA are prepared by solution mixing, and the stereocomplex formation and phase separation behaviors of these blends are investigated. Results reveal that optical purity and molecular weight do not vary the crystal structure of PLA stereocomplex （sc） and homochiral crystallites （hc）. As the optical purity increasing in the blends, the melting temperature of sc （Tsc） and the content of sc （AHsc） increased, while the melting temperature of hc （Thin） hardly changes, although the content ofhc （AHhm） decreased gradually. The Tsc and AHsc are also enhanced as the molecular weight of PDLA reduces, and the AHhm reduces rapidly even though the Thin does not vary apparently. With lower optical purities of PLLA and higher molecular weights of PDLA, three types of crystals form in the blends, i.e., PLA sc, PLLA hc and PDLA hc. As molecular weight decreases and optical purity enhances, the crystal phase decreases to two （sc and PDLA hc）, and one （sc） finally. This investigation indicates that the phase separation behavior between PLLA and PDLA in the PLLA/PDLA blends not only depends on molecular weights, but also relies on the optical purities of polymers.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No 50071046） and the National High Technology and Development Program of China （Grant No 2002AA331050）, and the Doctorate Foundation of Northwestern Polytechnical University of China （Grant No CX200507）.
文摘The dynamic scaling behaviour of late-stage phase separation and coarsening mechanisms of L12 and D022 in Ni75AlxV25-x （3 ≤ x ≤ 10, at.%） alloys are studied using the microscopic phase-field dynamic model. The microelaso ticity field is incorporated into the diffusion dynamic model. The results show the morphology and coarsening dynamics being greatly changed by the elastic interactions among different precipitates, the particles aligning along the dominant directions, the average domain size （ADS） of L12 and D022 deviating from the exponent of temporal power-law, and the growth slowing down due to the increasing of elastic interactions. The dynamic scaling regime of late-stage coarsening of the precipitates is attained. Thus the scaling behaviour of structure function is also applicable for elastic interaction systems. It is also found that the variations of ADS and scaling function depend on the volume fraction of precipitates.
文摘A 3m drop-tube was used to investigate the solidification of Fe50Cu50 hypoperitectic alloy. The falling droplets solidified as spheres and splats. The obtained particles range from 1000μm to 80μm in diameter. It was found that the phase separation occurred if the Fe-Cu liquid was undercooled to a certain extent before solidification.In the big particles macroscopic separation of Fe-rich phase always appeared in the cented of the particles, and in the small ones the Fe-rich phase usually solidified as little spheres. In the flakes the Fe-rich and Cu-rich layers alternatively displayed from top to bottom.
