摘要
Intracellular liquid-liquid phase separation(LLPS)represents a pivotal biological process for the formation of cellular compartments,which involves the formation of droplet-like condensates through the hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions of biomolecules.LLPS plays a crucial role in normal cellular physiological activities,and it is also intimately linked to the pathological mechanisms of various diseases.This review summarizes the significant role of LLPS in regulating transcriptional mechanisms within the nucleus,with a focus on the mechanisms by which LLPS modulates gene transcription.Additionally,we highlight the roles of key proteins involved in LLPS,such as FOXK1,BRD4,Tau protein,and HDAC6,in the context of disease.We delve into the relationships between LLPS and diseases such as chronic kidney disease,atherosclerosis,Alzheimer’s disease,and triple-negative breast cancer,revealing the regulatory mechanisms of LLPS in disease onset and progression.Furthermore,we discuss the potential of pharmacological interventions targeting LLPS as novel therapeutic approaches,encompassing strategies such as gene therapy,traditional Chinese medicine monomers,and small-molecule inhibitors.In the future,a deeper understanding of the LLPS mechanism will continue to propel its application in disease prevention and treatment,providing robust support for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
基金
supported by the Hebei Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.H2022110019).Peer review。
