Aiming at high cost and low efficiency of conventional branch bending method in the modern intensive planting and labor-saving cultivation mode of young pear trees,this paper provides a new branch bending method with ...Aiming at high cost and low efficiency of conventional branch bending method in the modern intensive planting and labor-saving cultivation mode of young pear trees,this paper provides a new branch bending method with wide source of raw materials,cheap price and simple operation,which is also suitable for the management of low-age branches in the process of high grafting and upgrading of traditional big trees.展开更多
In view of the deficiencies of training technologies during constructing pear orchards by modern simplified dense-planting cultivation with ordinary pear seedlings widely used in production,a simple and easy-to-operat...In view of the deficiencies of training technologies during constructing pear orchards by modern simplified dense-planting cultivation with ordinary pear seedlings widely used in production,a simple and easy-to-operate training method was proposed,mainly including constructing fence nets,determining low main trunks,leaving buds at the northwest position,multiple bud removal,winding and notching,simplified branch supporting,and simplified branch pulling.展开更多
In view of the short blooming period of pear tree crossbreeding and the complexity of pollination process, a method that can improve the efficiency of crossbreeding of pear trees was provided. Meanwhile, this method c...In view of the short blooming period of pear tree crossbreeding and the complexity of pollination process, a method that can improve the efficiency of crossbreeding of pear trees was provided. Meanwhile, this method can also be applied to the study of pollen xenia effect, pollination tree selection and pure pollen collection in pear tree cultivation.展开更多
In order to investigate the effect of dwarfing inter stock on the structure of pear trees,investigations were made to the tree and group structure of the 4-year-old spindle-shaped‘Huangguan'pear grafted with vigo...In order to investigate the effect of dwarfing inter stock on the structure of pear trees,investigations were made to the tree and group structure of the 4-year-old spindle-shaped‘Huangguan'pear grafted with vigorous stock( Pyrus betulaefolia stock) and that grafted with the dwarfing inter stock‘Zhong ai 1 hao'( P. betulaefolia rootstock). The results showed that the 4-year-old‘Huangguan'pear trees grafted with the dwarfing inter stock‘ Zhong ai 1 hao'were 2. 87 m high on average,with 70. 70% of short braches,converted into 21 016. 0 branches per 667 m^2,840. 64 m^2 of leaf area per 667 m^2 with the leaf area coefficient of 1. 75.On the other hand,for the‘Huangguan'trees grafted with vigorous stocks,the average tree height was 3. 17 m,and the short branch proportion was 63. 20%,converted into 15 806. 4 branches per 667 m^2,719. 28 m^2 of leaf area per 667 m^2 with the leaf area coefficient of 1. 55. Therefore,the use of dwarfing inter stock‘Zhong ai 1 hao'had significant dwarfing effect on‘Huangguan'pear trees,which also showed significant yield increasing effect.展开更多
The leaf area-to-fruit ratio(LAFR)is an important factor affecting fruit quality.Previous studies on LAFR have provided some recommendations for optimal values.However,these recommendations have been quite broad and l...The leaf area-to-fruit ratio(LAFR)is an important factor affecting fruit quality.Previous studies on LAFR have provided some recommendations for optimal values.However,these recommendations have been quite broad and lack effectiveness during the fruit thinning period.In this study,data on the LAFR and fruit quality of pears at 5 stages were collected by continuously girdling bearing branches throughout the entire fruit development process.Five different clustering algorithms,including KMeans,Agglomerative clustering,Spectral clustering,Birch,and Spectral biclustering,were employed to classify the fruit quality data.Agglomerative clustering yielded the best results when the dataset was divided into 4 clusters.The least squares method was utilized to fit the LAFR corresponding to the best quality cluster,and the optimal LAFR values for 28,42,63,91,and 112 days after flowering were 12.54,18.95,23.79,27.06,and 28.76 dm2(the corresponding leaf-to-fruit ratio values were 19,29,36,41,and 44,respectively).Furthermore,field verification experiments demonstrated that the optimal LAFR contributed to improving pear fruit quality,and a relatively high LAFR beyond the optimum value did not further increase quality.In summary,we optimized the LAFR of pear trees at different stages and confirmed the effectiveness of the optimal LAFR in improving fruit quality.Our research provides a theoretical basis for managing pear tree fruit load and achieving high-quality,clean fruit production.展开更多
In order to study reasonable tree structure parameters of Y-shaped pear orchards in natural conditions and at management technical level of Tai'an area, the tree structure and population structure of high-quality ...In order to study reasonable tree structure parameters of Y-shaped pear orchards in natural conditions and at management technical level of Tai'an area, the tree structure and population structure of high-quality and high-yielding Y-shaped pear orchards were investigated. The results showed that when the yield of Y-shaped 'Oshu' was 2 550 kg/667 m^2 in the early fully fruiting period, the quantity of the branches per 667 m^2 was about 54 000, and the number of short branches was the largest, accounting for 80.1% of total number of branches, followed by middle branches, long branches and developmental branches. As the yield of Y-shaped 'Qiuyue' was 2 875 kg/667 m^2 in the early fully fruiting period, the quantity of the branches per 667 m^2 was 51 000, and the number of short branches was the largest, accounting for 75.6% of total number of branches, followed by middle branches, long branches and developmental branches. When the yield of Y-shaped 'Niitaka' was 3 000 kg/667 m^2 in the early fully fruiting period, the quantity of the branches per 667 m^2 was 43 000, and the number of short branches was the largest, accounting for 82.0% of total number of branches, followed by long branches, middle branches and developmental branches.展开更多
The comprehensive understanding of the dormant pruning patterns in pear trees,along with the accurate identification of shoots suitable for pruning,is essential for implementing automated pruning and fruit pro-duction...The comprehensive understanding of the dormant pruning patterns in pear trees,along with the accurate identification of shoots suitable for pruning,is essential for implementing automated pruning and fruit pro-duction.Due to the complexity of tree architecture,previous descriptions of pruning strategies were qualitative summaries based on experience.In this study,we proposed a high-precision shoot extraction pipeline through point cloud alignment at different times,enabling a quantitative analysis of the pruning patterns.The structural parameters of 126 full bearing period pear trees,encompassing two cultivars and three architectures,were characterized,including the shoot number,single shoot angle and length,as well as shoot length density.The validation results demonstrated that the method attained an R^(2) of 0.82,0.92,and 0.85 for shoot number,single shoot angle and length,respectively,with mean absolute error of 18.72,6.08°,and 0.13 m.The findings indicate that tree architecture exerts a greater influence on pruning compared to cultivar,particularly in Cuiguan,where significant differences were observed across diverse tree architectures.The characters of the corresponding annual(one-year-old)shoots(AS)and pruned shoots(PS)exhibit similar distribution.The AS,constituted 78.62%of the PS number,and 94.90%of length of AS were pruned,indicating that dormant pruning in full bearing period pear tree primarily targets at the annual shoots,and the pruning of annual shoots is mainly by thinning.This study could help the automatic pruning system make pruning decisions and promotes the development of fine orchard management.展开更多
基金Technology Innovation Special Project of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences(2022KJCXZX-CGS-7,2023KJCXZX-CGS-11)Key Research and Development Program of Hebei Province(21326308D-1-2)+1 种基金Hebei Agriculture Research System(HBCT2024170406)China Agricultural(Pear)Research System(CARS-28-27).
文摘Aiming at high cost and low efficiency of conventional branch bending method in the modern intensive planting and labor-saving cultivation mode of young pear trees,this paper provides a new branch bending method with wide source of raw materials,cheap price and simple operation,which is also suitable for the management of low-age branches in the process of high grafting and upgrading of traditional big trees.
基金Supported by Innovation Engineering Project of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences(2022KJCXZX-CGS-7)Key R&D Program of Hebei Province(21326308D-1-2)China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-28-27)。
文摘In view of the deficiencies of training technologies during constructing pear orchards by modern simplified dense-planting cultivation with ordinary pear seedlings widely used in production,a simple and easy-to-operate training method was proposed,mainly including constructing fence nets,determining low main trunks,leaving buds at the northwest position,multiple bud removal,winding and notching,simplified branch supporting,and simplified branch pulling.
基金Supported by HAAFS Science and Technology Innovation Special Project(2022KJCXZX-CGS-7)the Key Research and Development Program of Hebei Province(21326308D-1-2)Hebei Agriculture Research System(HBCT 2024170406)。
文摘In view of the short blooming period of pear tree crossbreeding and the complexity of pollination process, a method that can improve the efficiency of crossbreeding of pear trees was provided. Meanwhile, this method can also be applied to the study of pollen xenia effect, pollination tree selection and pure pollen collection in pear tree cultivation.
基金Supported by the China Agriculture Research System(Pear)(CARS-28-36)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31601708)+4 种基金the Agricultural Stock Breeding Project of Shandong Province(2016LZGC034)the Youth Foundation of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2015YQN40)the National Science and Technology Plan for Rural Areas of China(2014BAD16B03-4)the Project for Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CXGC2018F03)the Key Science and Technology Innovation Project of Shandong Province(2018CXGC0208)
文摘In order to investigate the effect of dwarfing inter stock on the structure of pear trees,investigations were made to the tree and group structure of the 4-year-old spindle-shaped‘Huangguan'pear grafted with vigorous stock( Pyrus betulaefolia stock) and that grafted with the dwarfing inter stock‘Zhong ai 1 hao'( P. betulaefolia rootstock). The results showed that the 4-year-old‘Huangguan'pear trees grafted with the dwarfing inter stock‘ Zhong ai 1 hao'were 2. 87 m high on average,with 70. 70% of short braches,converted into 21 016. 0 branches per 667 m^2,840. 64 m^2 of leaf area per 667 m^2 with the leaf area coefficient of 1. 75.On the other hand,for the‘Huangguan'trees grafted with vigorous stocks,the average tree height was 3. 17 m,and the short branch proportion was 63. 20%,converted into 15 806. 4 branches per 667 m^2,719. 28 m^2 of leaf area per 667 m^2 with the leaf area coefficient of 1. 55. Therefore,the use of dwarfing inter stock‘Zhong ai 1 hao'had significant dwarfing effect on‘Huangguan'pear trees,which also showed significant yield increasing effect.
基金financially supported by the Jiangsu Agricultural Scienceand Technology Innovation Fund[CX(22)2025 and CX(23)1011]Achievement Transformation Fund Project of Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University(NAUSY-CG-YB06)China Agriculture Research System-Pear(CARS-28).
文摘The leaf area-to-fruit ratio(LAFR)is an important factor affecting fruit quality.Previous studies on LAFR have provided some recommendations for optimal values.However,these recommendations have been quite broad and lack effectiveness during the fruit thinning period.In this study,data on the LAFR and fruit quality of pears at 5 stages were collected by continuously girdling bearing branches throughout the entire fruit development process.Five different clustering algorithms,including KMeans,Agglomerative clustering,Spectral clustering,Birch,and Spectral biclustering,were employed to classify the fruit quality data.Agglomerative clustering yielded the best results when the dataset was divided into 4 clusters.The least squares method was utilized to fit the LAFR corresponding to the best quality cluster,and the optimal LAFR values for 28,42,63,91,and 112 days after flowering were 12.54,18.95,23.79,27.06,and 28.76 dm2(the corresponding leaf-to-fruit ratio values were 19,29,36,41,and 44,respectively).Furthermore,field verification experiments demonstrated that the optimal LAFR contributed to improving pear fruit quality,and a relatively high LAFR beyond the optimum value did not further increase quality.In summary,we optimized the LAFR of pear trees at different stages and confirmed the effectiveness of the optimal LAFR in improving fruit quality.Our research provides a theoretical basis for managing pear tree fruit load and achieving high-quality,clean fruit production.
基金Supported by Special Project for Construction of National Pear Industry Technology System(CARS-28-36)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31601708)+3 种基金Agricultural Seed Improvement Project of Shandong Province,China(2016LZGC034)Foundation for Young Scholars of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2015YQN40)National Science and Technology Plan of Rural Areas in the"12th Five-year Plan"Period of China(2014BAD16B03-4)Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CXGC2016B07)
文摘In order to study reasonable tree structure parameters of Y-shaped pear orchards in natural conditions and at management technical level of Tai'an area, the tree structure and population structure of high-quality and high-yielding Y-shaped pear orchards were investigated. The results showed that when the yield of Y-shaped 'Oshu' was 2 550 kg/667 m^2 in the early fully fruiting period, the quantity of the branches per 667 m^2 was about 54 000, and the number of short branches was the largest, accounting for 80.1% of total number of branches, followed by middle branches, long branches and developmental branches. As the yield of Y-shaped 'Qiuyue' was 2 875 kg/667 m^2 in the early fully fruiting period, the quantity of the branches per 667 m^2 was 51 000, and the number of short branches was the largest, accounting for 75.6% of total number of branches, followed by middle branches, long branches and developmental branches. When the yield of Y-shaped 'Niitaka' was 3 000 kg/667 m^2 in the early fully fruiting period, the quantity of the branches per 667 m^2 was 43 000, and the number of short branches was the largest, accounting for 82.0% of total number of branches, followed by long branches, middle branches and developmental branches.
基金co-financed by the Major Science and Technology Projects of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2024A02006-3)the Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund(No.CX(22)2025 and No.CX(23)1011)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32001980).
文摘The comprehensive understanding of the dormant pruning patterns in pear trees,along with the accurate identification of shoots suitable for pruning,is essential for implementing automated pruning and fruit pro-duction.Due to the complexity of tree architecture,previous descriptions of pruning strategies were qualitative summaries based on experience.In this study,we proposed a high-precision shoot extraction pipeline through point cloud alignment at different times,enabling a quantitative analysis of the pruning patterns.The structural parameters of 126 full bearing period pear trees,encompassing two cultivars and three architectures,were characterized,including the shoot number,single shoot angle and length,as well as shoot length density.The validation results demonstrated that the method attained an R^(2) of 0.82,0.92,and 0.85 for shoot number,single shoot angle and length,respectively,with mean absolute error of 18.72,6.08°,and 0.13 m.The findings indicate that tree architecture exerts a greater influence on pruning compared to cultivar,particularly in Cuiguan,where significant differences were observed across diverse tree architectures.The characters of the corresponding annual(one-year-old)shoots(AS)and pruned shoots(PS)exhibit similar distribution.The AS,constituted 78.62%of the PS number,and 94.90%of length of AS were pruned,indicating that dormant pruning in full bearing period pear tree primarily targets at the annual shoots,and the pruning of annual shoots is mainly by thinning.This study could help the automatic pruning system make pruning decisions and promotes the development of fine orchard management.
