For a complex flow about multi-element airfoils a mixed grid method is set up. C-type grids are produced on each element′s body and in their wakes at first, O-type grids are given in the outmost area, and H-type grid...For a complex flow about multi-element airfoils a mixed grid method is set up. C-type grids are produced on each element′s body and in their wakes at first, O-type grids are given in the outmost area, and H-type grids are used in middle additional areas. An algebra method is used to produce the initial grids in each area. And the girds are optimized by elliptical differential equation method. Then C-O-H zonal patched grids around multi-element airfoils are produced automatically and efficiently. A time accurate finite-volume integration method is used to solve the compressible laminar and turbulent Navier-Stokes (N-S) equations on the grids. Computational results prove the method to be effective.展开更多
The hedgehog-patched (hh-ptc) intercellular signaling pathway has recently been shown to control the proliferation of epithelial stem cells in both Drosophila and vertebrates. Mutant and ectopic expression analyses in...The hedgehog-patched (hh-ptc) intercellular signaling pathway has recently been shown to control the proliferation of epithelial stem cells in both Drosophila and vertebrates. Mutant and ectopic expression analyses in Drosophila suggest that the HH protein diffuses from the signaling cells to promote the proliferation of nearby ovarian somatic stem cells by antagonizing the suppression of its receptor PTC towards the CI transcription factor in the stem cells. Consequently, the transcription of CIdependent genes leads to stem cell proliferation. This regulatory pathway appears to function also in vertebrates,where defects in ptc cause basal cell carcinoma, tumors of epidermal stem cell origin. Basal cell carcinoma can also be induced by ectopic expression of Sonic hedgehog (shh) or Glil, the vertebrate homolog of ci. These studies suggest the conservation of the hh signaling pathway in controlling epithelial stem cell divisions among different organisms.展开更多
The intelligent era brings electronics closer to humans,but also produces a large scale of electromag-netic(EM)radiation simultaneously,which causes serious harm to health and high sophisticated equip-ment.Exploring t...The intelligent era brings electronics closer to humans,but also produces a large scale of electromag-netic(EM)radiation simultaneously,which causes serious harm to health and high sophisticated equip-ment.Exploring the underlying response logic of EM materials is urgently needed to face the challenge of EM interference(EMI)and secondary EM pollution better.Herein,PEDOT:PSS-patched magnetic graphene films are fabricated by vacuum-assisted molecular patching engineering,with tunable EM wave response.Based on the observation of micro-nano structure,the dielectric genes are visually revealed,which offers a bran-new horizon for the optimization of EM properties.Impressively,the constructed films achieve double band shielding toward gigahertz wave and infrared radiation.The optimal EMI shielding efficiency exceeds 99%,and covers the entire X-band.Meanwhile,the green shielding index rises from 0.3 to 0.6,indicating that it is a potential green EMI shielding materials.Furthermore,the periodic macroscopic interfaces and the inherent thermal anisotropy endow the films with thermal insulation and flexible in-frared stealth functions in simulated thermal environments.This work refreshes the insight into multi-band shielding,providing a new idea to EM energy governance.展开更多
The signaling molecule hedgehog（Hh） is essential for cellular signaling required for body pattern formation in embryonic and individual development in vertebrate and invertebrates.Patched 1（Ptc1）,a receptor of Hh,...The signaling molecule hedgehog（Hh） is essential for cellular signaling required for body pattern formation in embryonic and individual development in vertebrate and invertebrates.Patched 1（Ptc1）,a receptor of Hh,mediates the activity of Hh by binging the Hh ligands.In this study,the Ptc1 of half-smooth tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis（CsPtc1） was cloned and characterized.The full-length of CsPtc1 cDNA is 5 212 nucleotides（nt）,and encodes a protein with 1 543 amino acid residues.CsPtc1 shared many features with Ptc1 of other telesot species.Real-time quantitative PCR revealed CsPtc1 mRNA expressed in brain,liver,heart,gill,intestines,spleen,gonad and kidney,with expression level in testis significantly higher than in ovary.In testis,hybridization signals were mainly detected in primary spermatocytes,secondary spermatocytes,and sertoli cells,while weak signals were found in oocytes.Correspondingly,the degree of methylation is higher in female than in male and pseudomale.Results indicate that CsPtc1 may be involved in Desert Hedgehog（DHH） maintenance of the male and pseudo-male germ line and spermatogenesis.展开更多
高压电缆长期过热可能导致绝缘热击穿,进而影响电网的稳定性。然而,当前研究主要集中在传统预测模型上,忽略了温度数据的复杂性和动态特征。为了解决此问题,提出一种基于多尺度Patch与卷积交互的电缆温度预测模型(MSP-CI)。首先,采用通...高压电缆长期过热可能导致绝缘热击穿,进而影响电网的稳定性。然而,当前研究主要集中在传统预测模型上,忽略了温度数据的复杂性和动态特征。为了解决此问题,提出一种基于多尺度Patch与卷积交互的电缆温度预测模型(MSP-CI)。首先,采用通道重组采样方法降低输入维度,并构建多尺度Patch分支结构,以实现复杂时间序列的解耦;其次,结合序列分解与卷积交互策略,分别提取粗粒度Patch的宏观信息与细粒度Patch的微观信息;最后,构建注意力融合模块,以动态平衡宏观与微观信息的权重,并得到最终的预测结果。在真实高压电缆温度数据集上的实验结果表明,MSP-CI相较于TimeMixer、PatchTST(Patch Time Series Transformer)和MSGNet(Multi-Scale interseries Graph Network)等基线模型,在均方误差(MSE)上下降了7.02%~34.87%,在平均绝对误差(MAE)上下降了5.15%~32.04%。可见,MSP-CI能有效提升电缆温度预测的准确率,为电力调度运行提供依据。展开更多
For nonlinear hyperbolic problems, conservation of the numerical scheme is important for convergence to the correct weak solutions. In this paper the conservation of the well-known compact scheme up to fourth order of...For nonlinear hyperbolic problems, conservation of the numerical scheme is important for convergence to the correct weak solutions. In this paper the conservation of the well-known compact scheme up to fourth order of accuracy on a single and uniform grid is studied, and a conservative interface treatment is derived for compact schemes on patched grids. For a pure initial value problem, the compact scheme is shown to be equivalent to a scheme in the usual conservative form. For the case of a mixed initial boundary value problem, the compact scheme is conservative only if the rounding errors are small enough. For a patched grid interface, a conservative interface condition useful for mesh refinement and for parallel computation is derived and its order of local accuracy is analyzed.展开更多
Microneedles(MNs)have been extensively investigated for transdermal delivery of large-sized drugs,including proteins,nucleic acids,and even extracellular vesicles(EVs).However,for their sufficient skin penetration,con...Microneedles(MNs)have been extensively investigated for transdermal delivery of large-sized drugs,including proteins,nucleic acids,and even extracellular vesicles(EVs).However,for their sufficient skin penetration,conventional MNs employ long needles(≥600μm),leading to pain and skin irritation.Moreover,it is critical to stably apply MNs against complex skin surfaces for uniform nanoscale drug delivery.Herein,a dually amplified transdermal patch(MN@EV/SC)is developed as the stem cell-derived EV delivery platform by hierarchically integrating an octopusinspired suction cup(SC)with short MNs(≤300μm).While leveraging the suction effect to induce nanoscale deformation of the stratum corneum,MN@EV/SC minimizes skin damage and enhances the adhesion of MNs,allowing EV to penetrate deeper into the dermis.When MNs of various lengths are applied to mouse skin,the short MNs can elicit comparable corticosterone release to chemical adhesives,whereas long MNs induce a prompt stress response.MN@EV/SC can achieve a remarkable penetration depth(290μm)for EV,compared to that of MN alone(111μm).Consequently,MN@EV/SC facilitates the revitalization of fibroblasts and enhances collagen synthesis in middle-aged mice.Overall,MN@EV/SC exhibits the potential for skin regeneration by modulating the dermal microenvironment and ensuring patient comfort.展开更多
光伏功率日前预测的准确性对电网的能源管理至关重要。针对光伏功率随机性及波动性大、预测精度不高的问题,文章提出一种基于PatchTST-STL模型的光伏发电功率日前预测方法。该方法通过引入时序块和季节趋势分解(seasonal and trend deco...光伏功率日前预测的准确性对电网的能源管理至关重要。针对光伏功率随机性及波动性大、预测精度不高的问题,文章提出一种基于PatchTST-STL模型的光伏发电功率日前预测方法。该方法通过引入时序块和季节趋势分解(seasonal and trend decomposition using loess,STL)改进Transformer的输入和架构,将每个时间步作为1个令牌(Token)改进为每个时序块(Patch)作为1个令牌,使得局部依赖关系被保留在1个令牌内,以提升局部模式捕捉能力,同时利用Transformer多头自注意力机制抽取序列长期依赖关系。考虑到光伏序列的模式复杂,采用STL对多变量光伏序列进行处理,分离出趋势、周期和残差部分,作为独立通道输入。使用灰狼优化算法(grey wolf optimizer,GWO)对模型超参数中时序块大小进行优化,以实现算法快速收敛。在澳大利亚沙漠知识太阳能中心数据集的实验结果表明,所提算法与Informer相比,平均绝对误差(mean absolute error,MAE)和均方根误差(root mean square error,RMSE)平均分别降低了36.7%和11.7%;与Transformer相比,MAE和RMSE平均分别降低了57.6%和30.9%。展开更多
The alpine grassland vegetation on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is composed of plant patches in varied sizes.It remains uncertain whether vegetation recovery following grazing exclusion(GE)in degraded grasslands is drive...The alpine grassland vegetation on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is composed of plant patches in varied sizes.It remains uncertain whether vegetation recovery following grazing exclusion(GE)in degraded grasslands is driven by increases in patches number(NP),patch size(PS),or both.We based our predictions on two hypotheses:GE intensifies plant competition,and facilitation prevails near patches while competition prevails in interpatch spaces.We predicted that the NP would remain stable or decrease and PS would increase under GE treatment.To evaluate these predictions,we conducted a study in six lightly degraded alpine grasslands under free grazing(FG)conditions in Bangor County,Xizang Autonomous Region,China,with corresponding GE treatments using transects in 2017 and 2018.Results revealed that four sites in 2017 and five sites in 2018 had reduced NP and increased PS,with probabilities of 0.033(2017)and 0.004(2018),respectively,and a joint probability of 0.0001 under the null hypothesis that GE does not affect NP or PS.The NP reduction was solely due to the decrease in small patch sizes.An increase in PS was common across species,and a predominant tendency for NP reduction was observed among species across the sites.The overall changes in NP and PS were primarily driven by the three most abundant species(contributing more than 60%in both years),rather than by shifts in floristic composition.Our findings highlight that vegetation recovery in Bangor alpine steppes following GE relies solely on the expansion of existing patches rather than the recruitment of new ones in interpatch gaps.We recommend prioritizing growth-promoting measures,such as nutrient or water management,over seed addition when assisting with GE for restoring lightly degraded grasslands.展开更多
文摘For a complex flow about multi-element airfoils a mixed grid method is set up. C-type grids are produced on each element′s body and in their wakes at first, O-type grids are given in the outmost area, and H-type grids are used in middle additional areas. An algebra method is used to produce the initial grids in each area. And the girds are optimized by elliptical differential equation method. Then C-O-H zonal patched grids around multi-element airfoils are produced automatically and efficiently. A time accurate finite-volume integration method is used to solve the compressible laminar and turbulent Navier-Stokes (N-S) equations on the grids. Computational results prove the method to be effective.
文摘The hedgehog-patched (hh-ptc) intercellular signaling pathway has recently been shown to control the proliferation of epithelial stem cells in both Drosophila and vertebrates. Mutant and ectopic expression analyses in Drosophila suggest that the HH protein diffuses from the signaling cells to promote the proliferation of nearby ovarian somatic stem cells by antagonizing the suppression of its receptor PTC towards the CI transcription factor in the stem cells. Consequently, the transcription of CIdependent genes leads to stem cell proliferation. This regulatory pathway appears to function also in vertebrates,where defects in ptc cause basal cell carcinoma, tumors of epidermal stem cell origin. Basal cell carcinoma can also be induced by ectopic expression of Sonic hedgehog (shh) or Glil, the vertebrate homolog of ci. These studies suggest the conservation of the hh signaling pathway in controlling epithelial stem cell divisions among different organisms.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52373280,52177014,52273257,51977009 and11774027).
文摘The intelligent era brings electronics closer to humans,but also produces a large scale of electromag-netic(EM)radiation simultaneously,which causes serious harm to health and high sophisticated equip-ment.Exploring the underlying response logic of EM materials is urgently needed to face the challenge of EM interference(EMI)and secondary EM pollution better.Herein,PEDOT:PSS-patched magnetic graphene films are fabricated by vacuum-assisted molecular patching engineering,with tunable EM wave response.Based on the observation of micro-nano structure,the dielectric genes are visually revealed,which offers a bran-new horizon for the optimization of EM properties.Impressively,the constructed films achieve double band shielding toward gigahertz wave and infrared radiation.The optimal EMI shielding efficiency exceeds 99%,and covers the entire X-band.Meanwhile,the green shielding index rises from 0.3 to 0.6,indicating that it is a potential green EMI shielding materials.Furthermore,the periodic macroscopic interfaces and the inherent thermal anisotropy endow the films with thermal insulation and flexible in-frared stealth functions in simulated thermal environments.This work refreshes the insight into multi-band shielding,providing a new idea to EM energy governance.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation under contract Nos 31130057 and 31472269the Taishan Scholar Project Fund of Shandong of China
文摘The signaling molecule hedgehog（Hh） is essential for cellular signaling required for body pattern formation in embryonic and individual development in vertebrate and invertebrates.Patched 1（Ptc1）,a receptor of Hh,mediates the activity of Hh by binging the Hh ligands.In this study,the Ptc1 of half-smooth tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis（CsPtc1） was cloned and characterized.The full-length of CsPtc1 cDNA is 5 212 nucleotides（nt）,and encodes a protein with 1 543 amino acid residues.CsPtc1 shared many features with Ptc1 of other telesot species.Real-time quantitative PCR revealed CsPtc1 mRNA expressed in brain,liver,heart,gill,intestines,spleen,gonad and kidney,with expression level in testis significantly higher than in ovary.In testis,hybridization signals were mainly detected in primary spermatocytes,secondary spermatocytes,and sertoli cells,while weak signals were found in oocytes.Correspondingly,the degree of methylation is higher in female than in male and pseudomale.Results indicate that CsPtc1 may be involved in Desert Hedgehog（DHH） maintenance of the male and pseudo-male germ line and spermatogenesis.
文摘高压电缆长期过热可能导致绝缘热击穿,进而影响电网的稳定性。然而,当前研究主要集中在传统预测模型上,忽略了温度数据的复杂性和动态特征。为了解决此问题,提出一种基于多尺度Patch与卷积交互的电缆温度预测模型(MSP-CI)。首先,采用通道重组采样方法降低输入维度,并构建多尺度Patch分支结构,以实现复杂时间序列的解耦;其次,结合序列分解与卷积交互策略,分别提取粗粒度Patch的宏观信息与细粒度Patch的微观信息;最后,构建注意力融合模块,以动态平衡宏观与微观信息的权重,并得到最终的预测结果。在真实高压电缆温度数据集上的实验结果表明,MSP-CI相较于TimeMixer、PatchTST(Patch Time Series Transformer)和MSGNet(Multi-Scale interseries Graph Network)等基线模型,在均方误差(MSE)上下降了7.02%~34.87%,在平均绝对误差(MAE)上下降了5.15%~32.04%。可见,MSP-CI能有效提升电缆温度预测的准确率,为电力调度运行提供依据。
基金This work was supported by Chinese NSF(Contract No.10025210).Running head:Conservation of Compact Schemes.
文摘For nonlinear hyperbolic problems, conservation of the numerical scheme is important for convergence to the correct weak solutions. In this paper the conservation of the well-known compact scheme up to fourth order of accuracy on a single and uniform grid is studied, and a conservative interface treatment is derived for compact schemes on patched grids. For a pure initial value problem, the compact scheme is shown to be equivalent to a scheme in the usual conservative form. For the case of a mixed initial boundary value problem, the compact scheme is conservative only if the rounding errors are small enough. For a patched grid interface, a conservative interface condition useful for mesh refinement and for parallel computation is derived and its order of local accuracy is analyzed.
基金supported by National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grants funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(No.RS-2023-00256265,RS-2024-00352352,RS-2024-00405818)the Korean Fund for Regenerative Medicine(KFRM)grant funded by the Korea government(the Ministry of Science and ICT,the Ministry of Health&Welfare).(No.25A0102L1)support from the Market-led K-sensor technology program(RS-2022-00154781,Development of large-area wafer-level flexible/stretchable hybrid sensor platform technology for form factor-free highly integrated convergence sensor),funded By the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy(MOTIE,Korea).
文摘Microneedles(MNs)have been extensively investigated for transdermal delivery of large-sized drugs,including proteins,nucleic acids,and even extracellular vesicles(EVs).However,for their sufficient skin penetration,conventional MNs employ long needles(≥600μm),leading to pain and skin irritation.Moreover,it is critical to stably apply MNs against complex skin surfaces for uniform nanoscale drug delivery.Herein,a dually amplified transdermal patch(MN@EV/SC)is developed as the stem cell-derived EV delivery platform by hierarchically integrating an octopusinspired suction cup(SC)with short MNs(≤300μm).While leveraging the suction effect to induce nanoscale deformation of the stratum corneum,MN@EV/SC minimizes skin damage and enhances the adhesion of MNs,allowing EV to penetrate deeper into the dermis.When MNs of various lengths are applied to mouse skin,the short MNs can elicit comparable corticosterone release to chemical adhesives,whereas long MNs induce a prompt stress response.MN@EV/SC can achieve a remarkable penetration depth(290μm)for EV,compared to that of MN alone(111μm).Consequently,MN@EV/SC facilitates the revitalization of fibroblasts and enhances collagen synthesis in middle-aged mice.Overall,MN@EV/SC exhibits the potential for skin regeneration by modulating the dermal microenvironment and ensuring patient comfort.
文摘光伏功率日前预测的准确性对电网的能源管理至关重要。针对光伏功率随机性及波动性大、预测精度不高的问题,文章提出一种基于PatchTST-STL模型的光伏发电功率日前预测方法。该方法通过引入时序块和季节趋势分解(seasonal and trend decomposition using loess,STL)改进Transformer的输入和架构,将每个时间步作为1个令牌(Token)改进为每个时序块(Patch)作为1个令牌,使得局部依赖关系被保留在1个令牌内,以提升局部模式捕捉能力,同时利用Transformer多头自注意力机制抽取序列长期依赖关系。考虑到光伏序列的模式复杂,采用STL对多变量光伏序列进行处理,分离出趋势、周期和残差部分,作为独立通道输入。使用灰狼优化算法(grey wolf optimizer,GWO)对模型超参数中时序块大小进行优化,以实现算法快速收敛。在澳大利亚沙漠知识太阳能中心数据集的实验结果表明,所提算法与Informer相比,平均绝对误差(mean absolute error,MAE)和均方根误差(root mean square error,RMSE)平均分别降低了36.7%和11.7%;与Transformer相比,MAE和RMSE平均分别降低了57.6%和30.9%。
基金financially supported by the Science and Technology Bureau of Ali Prefecture,project named“Assessing the Carbon Sequestration and Carbon Sink Enhancement Potential of Natural Ecosystems in Ali Region(QYXTZX-AL2022-05)”。
文摘The alpine grassland vegetation on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is composed of plant patches in varied sizes.It remains uncertain whether vegetation recovery following grazing exclusion(GE)in degraded grasslands is driven by increases in patches number(NP),patch size(PS),or both.We based our predictions on two hypotheses:GE intensifies plant competition,and facilitation prevails near patches while competition prevails in interpatch spaces.We predicted that the NP would remain stable or decrease and PS would increase under GE treatment.To evaluate these predictions,we conducted a study in six lightly degraded alpine grasslands under free grazing(FG)conditions in Bangor County,Xizang Autonomous Region,China,with corresponding GE treatments using transects in 2017 and 2018.Results revealed that four sites in 2017 and five sites in 2018 had reduced NP and increased PS,with probabilities of 0.033(2017)and 0.004(2018),respectively,and a joint probability of 0.0001 under the null hypothesis that GE does not affect NP or PS.The NP reduction was solely due to the decrease in small patch sizes.An increase in PS was common across species,and a predominant tendency for NP reduction was observed among species across the sites.The overall changes in NP and PS were primarily driven by the three most abundant species(contributing more than 60%in both years),rather than by shifts in floristic composition.Our findings highlight that vegetation recovery in Bangor alpine steppes following GE relies solely on the expansion of existing patches rather than the recruitment of new ones in interpatch gaps.We recommend prioritizing growth-promoting measures,such as nutrient or water management,over seed addition when assisting with GE for restoring lightly degraded grasslands.
