Background: Approximately 75% of all deaths in people with schizophrenia are caused by physical illness with cardiovascular disease [CVD] being the commonest cause of death. Factors predisposing people with schizophre...Background: Approximately 75% of all deaths in people with schizophrenia are caused by physical illness with cardiovascular disease [CVD] being the commonest cause of death. Factors predisposing people with schizophrenia to CVD include antipsychotic medication. Aim of Work: The aim of this study was to detect metabolic syndrome and its components in de novo paranoid schizophrenics on olanzapine therapy and the metabolic benefits of addition of aripeprazole, clinically and experimentally. Methodology: 1) Clinical study: 200 Outpatients suffered from de novo paranoid schizophrenia according to 10th International Classification of Psychiatric Disorders, Research Criteria [ICD10 RC] were included in the study. None of them had any component of metabolic syndrome. They were maintained on olanzapine [10 - 20 mg]. Patients were assessed clinically, psychometrically using Scale for the Assessment of Negative [SANS] and Positive [SAPS] Symptoms and metabolically at base line and after 6 months. Patients who had metabolic syndrome after 6 month of starting olanzapine therapy, were randomly divided into two groups according to added regime to maintained olanzapine: Group 1: olanzapine [10 mg/day] + placebo [empty hard gelatin capsule]. Group II: olanzapine [10 mg/day] + aripeprazole [10 mg/day]. 2) Experimental study: 40 male albino rats were randomly equally divided into 4 groups: Group 1 [control group]: received a standard diet, Group II [olanzapine treated]: received olanzapine at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day, Group III [aripiprazole treatd]: received aripiprazole at a dose of 2 mg/kg/day, Group IV [combined olanzapine and aripiprazole treated]: received olanzapine at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day combined with aripiprazole at a dose of 2 mg/kg/day orally. The duration of the study was 16 weeks. All treated rat groups were assessed for metabolic parameters, liver enzymes and histopathology. Results: Clinically, after the 6 months of olanzapine treatment [mean dose 12.75 mg], there was significant increase [p Conclusion and Recommendation: Olanzapine treatment was found to be associated with risk factors of metabolic syndrome clinically and experimentally and its hepatic manifestation of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in wister rats. Improvements were observed clinically and experimentally in metabolic measures, liver enzymes and liver histopathology by addition of aripeprazole. Patients on olanzapine therapy must be followed regularly regarding metabolic parameters, hepatic, cardiac and cerebrovascular morbidity, with urgent interference with early manifestations. It is recommended to check liver enzymes regularly for those patients kept on atypical antipsychotic drug [olanzapine].展开更多
Herman Melville(1819-1891) is one of the famous writers in the history of American and world literature. Moby Dick is one of the masterpieces of Melville, and it is also his most famous ocean works in his late life. M...Herman Melville(1819-1891) is one of the famous writers in the history of American and world literature. Moby Dick is one of the masterpieces of Melville, and it is also his most famous ocean works in his late life. Moby Dick describes a story on Captain Ahab took revenge on white whale. This paper will discuss Captain Ahab's paranoid personality, and reveal how Melville reflected in the works: coexistence between human and nature. A brief description will be provided for the writer's life and his works, and then I will discuss Captain Ahab's paranoid personality through his whaling capturing process. Then, I will discuss obtaining principles of Captain Ahab, Mate Starbuck, Crew Ishmael, and reveal the Captain's tragic causes and reflected thinking. Finally, I will make a conclusion only if people adopt right obtaining principles to natural resources, could we live with nature altogether.展开更多
目的采用优化的基于体素的形态学(voxel based morphometry,VBM)方法,比较偏执型精神分裂症、双相情感障碍躁狂患者脑灰质体积的差异。方法运用3.0T磁共振扫描仪对符合美国精神障碍诊断统计手册第4版(DSM-Ⅳ)诊断标准的20例偏执型精神...目的采用优化的基于体素的形态学(voxel based morphometry,VBM)方法,比较偏执型精神分裂症、双相情感障碍躁狂患者脑灰质体积的差异。方法运用3.0T磁共振扫描仪对符合美国精神障碍诊断统计手册第4版(DSM-Ⅳ)诊断标准的20例偏执型精神分裂症住院患者、20例双相情感障碍躁狂相住院患者和20例正常对照进行3D T1像扫描。在SPM2平台上,以优化的VBM方法对高分辨T1加权图像进行处理,比较上述研究对象脑灰质体积的差异。结果与正常对照比较,偏执型精神分裂症患者右侧颞中回、颞下回,左侧颞上回灰质体积减少,而双侧额下回、双侧屏状核灰质体积增加。双相情感障碍躁狂患者与正常对照比较出现灰质体积减少的脑区包括双侧尾状核,右侧颞叶颞上、中、下回,灰质体积增加的脑区包括左侧顶叶中央后回、双侧楔前叶、右侧额上回、左侧扣带回。偏执型精神分裂症患者与双相情感障碍躁狂患者相比左侧颞上回、左侧额下回、右侧尾状核体灰质体积增加。结论偏执型精神分裂症患者与双相情感障碍躁狂患者既存在不同脑区的灰质体积的改变,也存在共同的右侧颞叶灰质体积改变。展开更多
文摘Background: Approximately 75% of all deaths in people with schizophrenia are caused by physical illness with cardiovascular disease [CVD] being the commonest cause of death. Factors predisposing people with schizophrenia to CVD include antipsychotic medication. Aim of Work: The aim of this study was to detect metabolic syndrome and its components in de novo paranoid schizophrenics on olanzapine therapy and the metabolic benefits of addition of aripeprazole, clinically and experimentally. Methodology: 1) Clinical study: 200 Outpatients suffered from de novo paranoid schizophrenia according to 10th International Classification of Psychiatric Disorders, Research Criteria [ICD10 RC] were included in the study. None of them had any component of metabolic syndrome. They were maintained on olanzapine [10 - 20 mg]. Patients were assessed clinically, psychometrically using Scale for the Assessment of Negative [SANS] and Positive [SAPS] Symptoms and metabolically at base line and after 6 months. Patients who had metabolic syndrome after 6 month of starting olanzapine therapy, were randomly divided into two groups according to added regime to maintained olanzapine: Group 1: olanzapine [10 mg/day] + placebo [empty hard gelatin capsule]. Group II: olanzapine [10 mg/day] + aripeprazole [10 mg/day]. 2) Experimental study: 40 male albino rats were randomly equally divided into 4 groups: Group 1 [control group]: received a standard diet, Group II [olanzapine treated]: received olanzapine at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day, Group III [aripiprazole treatd]: received aripiprazole at a dose of 2 mg/kg/day, Group IV [combined olanzapine and aripiprazole treated]: received olanzapine at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day combined with aripiprazole at a dose of 2 mg/kg/day orally. The duration of the study was 16 weeks. All treated rat groups were assessed for metabolic parameters, liver enzymes and histopathology. Results: Clinically, after the 6 months of olanzapine treatment [mean dose 12.75 mg], there was significant increase [p Conclusion and Recommendation: Olanzapine treatment was found to be associated with risk factors of metabolic syndrome clinically and experimentally and its hepatic manifestation of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in wister rats. Improvements were observed clinically and experimentally in metabolic measures, liver enzymes and liver histopathology by addition of aripeprazole. Patients on olanzapine therapy must be followed regularly regarding metabolic parameters, hepatic, cardiac and cerebrovascular morbidity, with urgent interference with early manifestations. It is recommended to check liver enzymes regularly for those patients kept on atypical antipsychotic drug [olanzapine].
文摘Herman Melville(1819-1891) is one of the famous writers in the history of American and world literature. Moby Dick is one of the masterpieces of Melville, and it is also his most famous ocean works in his late life. Moby Dick describes a story on Captain Ahab took revenge on white whale. This paper will discuss Captain Ahab's paranoid personality, and reveal how Melville reflected in the works: coexistence between human and nature. A brief description will be provided for the writer's life and his works, and then I will discuss Captain Ahab's paranoid personality through his whaling capturing process. Then, I will discuss obtaining principles of Captain Ahab, Mate Starbuck, Crew Ishmael, and reveal the Captain's tragic causes and reflected thinking. Finally, I will make a conclusion only if people adopt right obtaining principles to natural resources, could we live with nature altogether.
文摘目的采用优化的基于体素的形态学(voxel based morphometry,VBM)方法,比较偏执型精神分裂症、双相情感障碍躁狂患者脑灰质体积的差异。方法运用3.0T磁共振扫描仪对符合美国精神障碍诊断统计手册第4版(DSM-Ⅳ)诊断标准的20例偏执型精神分裂症住院患者、20例双相情感障碍躁狂相住院患者和20例正常对照进行3D T1像扫描。在SPM2平台上,以优化的VBM方法对高分辨T1加权图像进行处理,比较上述研究对象脑灰质体积的差异。结果与正常对照比较,偏执型精神分裂症患者右侧颞中回、颞下回,左侧颞上回灰质体积减少,而双侧额下回、双侧屏状核灰质体积增加。双相情感障碍躁狂患者与正常对照比较出现灰质体积减少的脑区包括双侧尾状核,右侧颞叶颞上、中、下回,灰质体积增加的脑区包括左侧顶叶中央后回、双侧楔前叶、右侧额上回、左侧扣带回。偏执型精神分裂症患者与双相情感障碍躁狂患者相比左侧颞上回、左侧额下回、右侧尾状核体灰质体积增加。结论偏执型精神分裂症患者与双相情感障碍躁狂患者既存在不同脑区的灰质体积的改变,也存在共同的右侧颞叶灰质体积改变。
