Background:Panacis Quinquefolii Radix(PQR)is known for its ability to nourish“Qi”(it serves as the driving force for the functional activities of the body’s organs and meridians,promoting and regulating various phy...Background:Panacis Quinquefolii Radix(PQR)is known for its ability to nourish“Qi”(it serves as the driving force for the functional activities of the body’s organs and meridians,promoting and regulating various physiological functions)and“Yin”(it represents the material foundation of the human body.It plays a role in nourishing,moistening,and cooling the body).Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma(NRR)is recognized for its properties of resolving blood stasis(it refers to a pathological condition characterized by impaired or stagnant blood circulation within the body).Changes in the compatibility ratio of these herbs often lead to variations in their chemical composition and efficacy.However,the specific alterations in chemical composition and efficacy resulting from compatibility adjustments remain unclear.We aimed to compare the material basis and their effects of different compatibility ratios of PQR and NRR on“Qi”deficiency and blood stasis syndrome(QBS).Methods:This study employed UPLC-Q/TOF-MS to identify effective compounds in the compatibility of PQR and NRR and utilized UPLC-TQ-MS/MS to analyze the dissolution of 16 saponins in PQR and NRR at 9 different ratios.A rat model of QBS was established,and the efficacy of PQR and NRR in treating this syndrome was assessed using hemorheology and coagulation analyses.Results:The study results show that PQR and NRR exhibit significant efficacy,effectively reducing blood viscosity induced by platelet aggregation and lowering inflammatory markers such as IL-6,IL-10,TXB2 and ET associated with vascular injury.Moreover,this combination regulates ATP and ADP levels,enhances energy metabolism,and promotes overall health.A total of 104 compounds in the compatibility of PQR and NRR were identified.The ratios of 1:2 and 1:3 showed the highest total saponin content,but the ratio of 1:1 demonstrated a superior pharmacological effect for the treatment of QBS.Conclusion:In summary,the compatibility of PQR and NRR not only shows the complex interactions between traditional Chinese medicinal materials,but also provides a new idea and method for the treatment of QBS.展开更多
Objective:To probe into the intervening action of polysaccharides of Zhu Zi Shen(Rhizoma Panacis Majoris)(PZZS) on oxidative stress and hemodynamics in rats with adriamycin-induced chronic congestive heart failure(CHF...Objective:To probe into the intervening action of polysaccharides of Zhu Zi Shen(Rhizoma Panacis Majoris)(PZZS) on oxidative stress and hemodynamics in rats with adriamycin-induced chronic congestive heart failure(CHF).Methods:After SD rats were successfully modeled with adriamycin,they were randomly divided into a normal control group,a model group,a PZZS group,and a captopril group,and were administrated respectively.At the end of experiment,the hemodynamic function,whole heart weight index,and the blood CK,SOD,MDA,NO,NOS were detected;and the myocardial morphological examinations were carried out.Results:Compared with the normal control group,the arterial systolic pressure(SBP),diastolic pressure(DBP),mean arterial pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),left ventricular systolic peak(LVSP),and left ventricular pressure change rate(dp/dtmax) significantly decreased,and left ventricular end diastolic pressure(LVEDP),whole heart weight index,the blood CK,MDA,NO,NOS significantly increased in the model group.PZZS significantly improved the hemodynamic function,lowered the MDA and NO levels,and decreased the CK and NOS activities in the CHF rats.Conclusion:PZZS can improve the hemodynamic function,and alleviate the oxidative stress reaction in the CHF rat.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of Radix Panacis quinquefolii extract(RPQE) and its therapeutic effects on inflammatory bowel disease(IBD). Methods: The 72-hour post-fertilization zebrafish wa...Objective: To investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of Radix Panacis quinquefolii extract(RPQE) and its therapeutic effects on inflammatory bowel disease(IBD). Methods: The 72-hour post-fertilization zebrafish was used to generate the local and systematic inflammation models through tail-amputation and lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induction(100 μg/m L), respectively. The Tg(zlyz:EGFP) zebrafish was induced with 75 μg/m L 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid(TNBS) for establishing the IBD model. The tail-amputated, LPS-, and TNBS-induced models were subjected to RPQE(ethanol fraction, 10–20 μg/m L) administration for 12 and 24 h, respectively. Anti-inflammatory activity of RPQE was evaluated by detecting migration and aggregation of leukocytes and expression of inflammation-related genes. Meanwhile, TNBS-induced fish were immersed in 0.2%(W/V) calcein for 1.5 h and RPQE for 12 h before photographing to analyze the intestinal efflux efficiency(IEE). Moreover, the expression of inflammation-related genes in these fish was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: Subject to RPQE administration, the migration and aggregation of leukocytes were significantly alleviated in 3 zebrafish models(P<0.01). Herein, RPQE ameliorated TNBS-induced IBD with respect to a significantly reduced number of leukocytes, improved IEE, and inhibited gene expression of pro-inflammatory factors(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion: RPQE exhibited therapeutic effects on IBD by inhibiting inflammation.展开更多
Panax japonicus and its approximation varieties,such as Rhizoma Panacis Majoris and Panax japonicus C. A. Mey. var.major （Burk.） C.Y. Wu et K.M. Feng belong to Panax,which are less commonly used traditional Chinese ...Panax japonicus and its approximation varieties,such as Rhizoma Panacis Majoris and Panax japonicus C. A. Mey. var.major （Burk.） C.Y. Wu et K.M. Feng belong to Panax,which are less commonly used traditional Chinese medicine. Because of similar traits and effectiveness,they were always used as one type of medicine for a long time. Aiming at this phenomenon,the chemical composition and contents of P. japonicus and its approximation varieties from different area were compared in order to provide a chemical basis for clarifying the classification of the genus.展开更多
American ginseng(Panax Quinquefolium L),also known as Xi Yang Shen(西洋参 Radix Panacis Quinquefolii),is indigenous to the United States and Canada.Its discovery in the 1700s paved the way for international trade,whic...American ginseng(Panax Quinquefolium L),also known as Xi Yang Shen(西洋参 Radix Panacis Quinquefolii),is indigenous to the United States and Canada.Its discovery in the 1700s paved the way for international trade,which boosted the economy of the New World and helped build commercial ties between the US and China.Due to its therapeutic effects,the demand for American ginseng grew steadily,eventually causing the volume of wild ginseng to dwindle.As a result,laws and regulations were introduced requiring farmers and exporters to engage in harvesting practices that would preserve wild American ginseng.Nowadays,wild American ginseng is considered an endangered and protected species.This article discusses the history,properties,and applications of American ginseng to optimize its use and protection.展开更多
“Meridian tropism” refers to the organ-specific biological action(s) produced by a Chinese herb following its oral administration, which is analogous to the concept of “bioavailability” in Western medicine. In thi...“Meridian tropism” refers to the organ-specific biological action(s) produced by a Chinese herb following its oral administration, which is analogous to the concept of “bioavailability” in Western medicine. In this study, we compared the in vitro and ex vivo pharmacological actions of three herbs [namely, Dangshen (DS, Codonopsis Radix), Ranshen (RS, Ginseng Radix) and Xiyangshen (XYS, Panacis Qinquifolii Ra-dix)] to validate their meridian tropism. We compared the in vitro and ex vivo pharmacological actions [i.e. the ability to increase splenocyte proliferation and adenosine triphosphate-generation capacity (ATP-GC)] of the ethanolic extracts of DS, RS and XYS to validate their meridian tropism. Results showed that DS, RS and XYS (at 30 - 300 μg/mL) can both stimulate the proliferation of primary mouse splenocytes in vitro and increase adenosine triphosphate-generation capacity (ATP-GC) in cultured Caco 2 colon epithelial cells in vitro. Interestingly, oral administration of DS and RS (but not XYS, at 3 and 6 g/kg/day × 3 consecutive days) was found to stimulate the proliferation of splenocytes ex vivo at 24 h post-treatment in mice. Similarly, DS and RS (but not XYS) increased the ATP-GC of mitochondrial fractions isolated from a small segment of mouse intestine at 48 h post-treatment. This observation is consistent with the meridian tropism of the pharmacological action of “Shen”, i.e., the accessibility of DS and RS (but not XYS) to the “Spleen” meridian. The comparison between the results obtained from in vitro and in vivo/ex vivo bioassays may offer a potential method for assessing meridian tropism in Chinese herbs.展开更多
The steamed Panax ginseng C. A. Mey., Panax notoginseng(Burk.) F. H. Chen, and Panax quinquefolium L. not only facilitate storage, but also increase the content of rare saponins and enhance their clinical application ...The steamed Panax ginseng C. A. Mey., Panax notoginseng(Burk.) F. H. Chen, and Panax quinquefolium L. not only facilitate storage, but also increase the content of rare saponins and enhance their clinical application value. The traditional steaming process has high energy consumption, low efficiency, and lacks standardized operating procedures and unified standards. This paper retrieves the research literature on the steaming process parameters, rare saponin increments, and efficacy enhancement results of ginseng plants. By summarizing the effects of different steaming processes on rare saponins and pharmacodynamics in P. ginseng, P. notoginseng and P. quinquefolium, we explored new steaming methods and established a new quality evaluation system to provide guarantee for the effectiveness and safety of clinical medication and provide scientific basis for its rational use.展开更多
Objective: Angelicae Sinensis Radix(ASR, Danggui in Chinese), Cistanches Herba(CH, Roucongrong in Chinese), Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma(PG, Renshen in Chinese), and Panacis Quinquefolii Radix(PQ,Xiyangshen in Chinese), w...Objective: Angelicae Sinensis Radix(ASR, Danggui in Chinese), Cistanches Herba(CH, Roucongrong in Chinese), Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma(PG, Renshen in Chinese), and Panacis Quinquefolii Radix(PQ,Xiyangshen in Chinese), widely used as medicine and dietary supplement around the world, are susceptible to fungal and mycotoxin contamination. In this study, we aim to analyze their fungal community by DNA metabarcoding.Methods: A total of 12 root samples were collected from three main production areas in China. The samples were divided into four groups based on herb species, including ASR, CH, PG, and PQ groups. The fungal community on the surface of four root groups was investigated through DNA metabarcoding via targeting the internal transcribed spacer 2 region(ITS2).Results: All the 12 samples were detected with fungal contamination. Rhizopus(13.04%-74.03%),Aspergillus(1.76%-23.92%), and Fusarium(0.26%-15.27%) were the predominant genera. Ten important fungi were identified at the species level, including two potential toxigenic fungi(Penicillium citrinum and P. oxalicum) and eight human pathogenic fungi(Alternaria infectoria, Candida sake, Hyphopichia burtonii, Malassezia globosa, M. restricta, Rhizopus arrhizus, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, and Ochroconis tshawytschae). Fungal community in ASR and CH groups was significantly different from other groups,while fungal community in PG and PQ groups was relatively similar.Conclusion: DNA metabarcoding revealed the fungal community in four important root herbs. This study provided an important reference for preventing root herbs against fungal and mycotoxin contamination.展开更多
基金funded by the Entrusted service project of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(ZYJXG-L23001)2023 Sanqin Talent Special Support Program Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team Project,and Sci-Tech Innovation Talent System Construction Program of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine(2023).
文摘Background:Panacis Quinquefolii Radix(PQR)is known for its ability to nourish“Qi”(it serves as the driving force for the functional activities of the body’s organs and meridians,promoting and regulating various physiological functions)and“Yin”(it represents the material foundation of the human body.It plays a role in nourishing,moistening,and cooling the body).Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma(NRR)is recognized for its properties of resolving blood stasis(it refers to a pathological condition characterized by impaired or stagnant blood circulation within the body).Changes in the compatibility ratio of these herbs often lead to variations in their chemical composition and efficacy.However,the specific alterations in chemical composition and efficacy resulting from compatibility adjustments remain unclear.We aimed to compare the material basis and their effects of different compatibility ratios of PQR and NRR on“Qi”deficiency and blood stasis syndrome(QBS).Methods:This study employed UPLC-Q/TOF-MS to identify effective compounds in the compatibility of PQR and NRR and utilized UPLC-TQ-MS/MS to analyze the dissolution of 16 saponins in PQR and NRR at 9 different ratios.A rat model of QBS was established,and the efficacy of PQR and NRR in treating this syndrome was assessed using hemorheology and coagulation analyses.Results:The study results show that PQR and NRR exhibit significant efficacy,effectively reducing blood viscosity induced by platelet aggregation and lowering inflammatory markers such as IL-6,IL-10,TXB2 and ET associated with vascular injury.Moreover,this combination regulates ATP and ADP levels,enhances energy metabolism,and promotes overall health.A total of 104 compounds in the compatibility of PQR and NRR were identified.The ratios of 1:2 and 1:3 showed the highest total saponin content,but the ratio of 1:1 demonstrated a superior pharmacological effect for the treatment of QBS.Conclusion:In summary,the compatibility of PQR and NRR not only shows the complex interactions between traditional Chinese medicinal materials,but also provides a new idea and method for the treatment of QBS.
文摘Objective:To probe into the intervening action of polysaccharides of Zhu Zi Shen(Rhizoma Panacis Majoris)(PZZS) on oxidative stress and hemodynamics in rats with adriamycin-induced chronic congestive heart failure(CHF).Methods:After SD rats were successfully modeled with adriamycin,they were randomly divided into a normal control group,a model group,a PZZS group,and a captopril group,and were administrated respectively.At the end of experiment,the hemodynamic function,whole heart weight index,and the blood CK,SOD,MDA,NO,NOS were detected;and the myocardial morphological examinations were carried out.Results:Compared with the normal control group,the arterial systolic pressure(SBP),diastolic pressure(DBP),mean arterial pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),left ventricular systolic peak(LVSP),and left ventricular pressure change rate(dp/dtmax) significantly decreased,and left ventricular end diastolic pressure(LVEDP),whole heart weight index,the blood CK,MDA,NO,NOS significantly increased in the model group.PZZS significantly improved the hemodynamic function,lowered the MDA and NO levels,and decreased the CK and NOS activities in the CHF rats.Conclusion:PZZS can improve the hemodynamic function,and alleviate the oxidative stress reaction in the CHF rat.
基金Supported by Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.ZR2020YQ60,ZR2021QH274)Jinan Talent Project for University(No.2021GXRC047)+2 种基金the Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Shandong Province(No.2019JZZY020905)Science,Education and Industry Integration Innovation Pilot Project of Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences,No.2022PYI016)Key R&D Project of Shandong Province(No.2021CXGC010507)。
文摘Objective: To investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of Radix Panacis quinquefolii extract(RPQE) and its therapeutic effects on inflammatory bowel disease(IBD). Methods: The 72-hour post-fertilization zebrafish was used to generate the local and systematic inflammation models through tail-amputation and lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induction(100 μg/m L), respectively. The Tg(zlyz:EGFP) zebrafish was induced with 75 μg/m L 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid(TNBS) for establishing the IBD model. The tail-amputated, LPS-, and TNBS-induced models were subjected to RPQE(ethanol fraction, 10–20 μg/m L) administration for 12 and 24 h, respectively. Anti-inflammatory activity of RPQE was evaluated by detecting migration and aggregation of leukocytes and expression of inflammation-related genes. Meanwhile, TNBS-induced fish were immersed in 0.2%(W/V) calcein for 1.5 h and RPQE for 12 h before photographing to analyze the intestinal efflux efficiency(IEE). Moreover, the expression of inflammation-related genes in these fish was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: Subject to RPQE administration, the migration and aggregation of leukocytes were significantly alleviated in 3 zebrafish models(P<0.01). Herein, RPQE ameliorated TNBS-induced IBD with respect to a significantly reduced number of leukocytes, improved IEE, and inhibited gene expression of pro-inflammatory factors(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion: RPQE exhibited therapeutic effects on IBD by inhibiting inflammation.
基金Supported by the National Natural Foundation of China(30873383)~~
文摘Panax japonicus and its approximation varieties,such as Rhizoma Panacis Majoris and Panax japonicus C. A. Mey. var.major （Burk.） C.Y. Wu et K.M. Feng belong to Panax,which are less commonly used traditional Chinese medicine. Because of similar traits and effectiveness,they were always used as one type of medicine for a long time. Aiming at this phenomenon,the chemical composition and contents of P. japonicus and its approximation varieties from different area were compared in order to provide a chemical basis for clarifying the classification of the genus.
基金By grants from the project of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.2019GJ170)International Cooperation Department,National A dm inistration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.GZYYGJ2020003).
文摘American ginseng(Panax Quinquefolium L),also known as Xi Yang Shen(西洋参 Radix Panacis Quinquefolii),is indigenous to the United States and Canada.Its discovery in the 1700s paved the way for international trade,which boosted the economy of the New World and helped build commercial ties between the US and China.Due to its therapeutic effects,the demand for American ginseng grew steadily,eventually causing the volume of wild ginseng to dwindle.As a result,laws and regulations were introduced requiring farmers and exporters to engage in harvesting practices that would preserve wild American ginseng.Nowadays,wild American ginseng is considered an endangered and protected species.This article discusses the history,properties,and applications of American ginseng to optimize its use and protection.
文摘“Meridian tropism” refers to the organ-specific biological action(s) produced by a Chinese herb following its oral administration, which is analogous to the concept of “bioavailability” in Western medicine. In this study, we compared the in vitro and ex vivo pharmacological actions of three herbs [namely, Dangshen (DS, Codonopsis Radix), Ranshen (RS, Ginseng Radix) and Xiyangshen (XYS, Panacis Qinquifolii Ra-dix)] to validate their meridian tropism. We compared the in vitro and ex vivo pharmacological actions [i.e. the ability to increase splenocyte proliferation and adenosine triphosphate-generation capacity (ATP-GC)] of the ethanolic extracts of DS, RS and XYS to validate their meridian tropism. Results showed that DS, RS and XYS (at 30 - 300 μg/mL) can both stimulate the proliferation of primary mouse splenocytes in vitro and increase adenosine triphosphate-generation capacity (ATP-GC) in cultured Caco 2 colon epithelial cells in vitro. Interestingly, oral administration of DS and RS (but not XYS, at 3 and 6 g/kg/day × 3 consecutive days) was found to stimulate the proliferation of splenocytes ex vivo at 24 h post-treatment in mice. Similarly, DS and RS (but not XYS) increased the ATP-GC of mitochondrial fractions isolated from a small segment of mouse intestine at 48 h post-treatment. This observation is consistent with the meridian tropism of the pharmacological action of “Shen”, i.e., the accessibility of DS and RS (but not XYS) to the “Spleen” meridian. The comparison between the results obtained from in vitro and in vivo/ex vivo bioassays may offer a potential method for assessing meridian tropism in Chinese herbs.
基金supported by the Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project (111 Project, D18012)。
文摘The steamed Panax ginseng C. A. Mey., Panax notoginseng(Burk.) F. H. Chen, and Panax quinquefolium L. not only facilitate storage, but also increase the content of rare saponins and enhance their clinical application value. The traditional steaming process has high energy consumption, low efficiency, and lacks standardized operating procedures and unified standards. This paper retrieves the research literature on the steaming process parameters, rare saponin increments, and efficacy enhancement results of ginseng plants. By summarizing the effects of different steaming processes on rare saponins and pharmacodynamics in P. ginseng, P. notoginseng and P. quinquefolium, we explored new steaming methods and established a new quality evaluation system to provide guarantee for the effectiveness and safety of clinical medication and provide scientific basis for its rational use.
基金supported by CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS)(No.2021-I2M-1-071).
文摘Objective: Angelicae Sinensis Radix(ASR, Danggui in Chinese), Cistanches Herba(CH, Roucongrong in Chinese), Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma(PG, Renshen in Chinese), and Panacis Quinquefolii Radix(PQ,Xiyangshen in Chinese), widely used as medicine and dietary supplement around the world, are susceptible to fungal and mycotoxin contamination. In this study, we aim to analyze their fungal community by DNA metabarcoding.Methods: A total of 12 root samples were collected from three main production areas in China. The samples were divided into four groups based on herb species, including ASR, CH, PG, and PQ groups. The fungal community on the surface of four root groups was investigated through DNA metabarcoding via targeting the internal transcribed spacer 2 region(ITS2).Results: All the 12 samples were detected with fungal contamination. Rhizopus(13.04%-74.03%),Aspergillus(1.76%-23.92%), and Fusarium(0.26%-15.27%) were the predominant genera. Ten important fungi were identified at the species level, including two potential toxigenic fungi(Penicillium citrinum and P. oxalicum) and eight human pathogenic fungi(Alternaria infectoria, Candida sake, Hyphopichia burtonii, Malassezia globosa, M. restricta, Rhizopus arrhizus, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, and Ochroconis tshawytschae). Fungal community in ASR and CH groups was significantly different from other groups,while fungal community in PG and PQ groups was relatively similar.Conclusion: DNA metabarcoding revealed the fungal community in four important root herbs. This study provided an important reference for preventing root herbs against fungal and mycotoxin contamination.
