摘要
Panax japonicus and its approximation varieties,such as Rhizoma Panacis Majoris and Panax japonicus C. A. Mey. var.major （Burk.） C.Y. Wu et K.M. Feng belong to Panax,which are less commonly used traditional Chinese medicine. Because of similar traits and effectiveness,they were always used as one type of medicine for a long time. Aiming at this phenomenon,the chemical composition and contents of P. japonicus and its approximation varieties from different area were compared in order to provide a chemical basis for clarifying the classification of the genus.
竹节参及其近似品种珠子参、扣子七等为人参属植物,均为少常用中药,但由于几种药材植物性状和功效的相近,造成这几种药物长时间的混用。对不同产区的竹节参及其近似品种的化学成分及其含量的不同进行比较,旨在为进一步理清该属植物的分类提供化学依据。竹节参根茎横卧呈竹鞭状,节结膨大,节间较短,每节有一浅环形的茎基痕。珠子参呈扁球型、圆锥形或不规则菱角形,偶呈连珠状,直径0.5～2.8cm,表面棕黄色或黄褐色,有明显疣状突起及皱纹,偶有圆形凹陷的茎痕,有的一侧或两侧残存细的节间。扣子七根茎细长而弯曲,与珠子参两者药用同为根茎,其性状也极为相似,不同点仅在于珠子参节膨大如环而扣子七节膨大呈球或纺锤状故名扣子七或钮子七。竹节参、珠子参和扣子七药用为其根茎,茎叶也可作药用,其功效多偏于补中益气,生肌止血,多用于气血虚弱,劳嗽咯血,跌扑损伤等。竹节参及近似品种的主要活性成分为皂苷类,且都以含齐墩果烷型五环三萜皂苷为主,同时均含有较微量的达玛烷型四环三萜皂苷,但在主要皂苷的含量和微量皂苷的组成上它们却有明显差异。此外,竹节参等还分离出糖类及少量的挥发油、含氮化合物、无机元素、维生素C、丁二酸等。
基金
Supported by the National Natural Foundation of China(30873383)~~
