Both microplastic(MP)pollution and zinc(Zn)deficiency have adverse effects on terrestrial plants.However,the combined effect of MPs and Zn deficiency on plant physiology remains unexplored.In this study,a pot-culture ...Both microplastic(MP)pollution and zinc(Zn)deficiency have adverse effects on terrestrial plants.However,the combined effect of MPs and Zn deficiency on plant physiology remains unexplored.In this study,a pot-culture experiment and ^(13)C stable isotope tracing technology were employed to investigate the combined effects of MPs and Zn deficiency on the growth,photosynthetic physiology and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics,as well as synthesis and distribution of photosynthetic products in Malus hupehensis(Pamp.)Rehd seedlings.The results revealed significant reductions in biomass,gas exchange parameters,carbohydrate metabolism enzyme activities,and photosynthetic parameters including Fv/Fm,FPSII,ETR and qp in seedlings subjected to both individual and joint treatments of MPs and Zn deficiency compared to the control group.Notably,the combined Zn deficiency and MPs exhibited a more pronounced inhibitory effect on root biomass(RR=-0.42)compared to the single Zn deficiency(RR=-0.37)and MP(RR=-0.26)treatments.Random forest analysis indicated that chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics(37.5%)had the greatest impact on biomass variation in seedlings,followed by ^(13)C accumulation in various organs(26.7%).MPs exacerbated the inhibition of photosynthesis(Pn and Gs)under Zn deficiency by suppressing chlorophyll fluorescence parameters(Fv/Fm and FPSII),further reducing ^(13)C accumulation in roots.In conclusion,the addition of MPs intensified the suppression of photosynthetic parameters caused by Zn deficiency,weakened the carbon assimilation capacity of leaves,and hindered the synthesis of photosynthetic products in leaves and their transport to roots,thereby further inhibiting root growth.This study reveals the combined stress of MP pollution and Zn deficiency on terrestrial plants,deepens our understanding of potential ecological risks,and provides scientific basis for the development of effective mitigation measures to protect plant ecosystems.展开更多
What the researchers go in for is to establish models between root architecture （RA） changes and nutrition, mold ideal root architecture of apple trees, improve the nutrient uptake efficiency, and further explore th...What the researchers go in for is to establish models between root architecture （RA） changes and nutrition, mold ideal root architecture of apple trees, improve the nutrient uptake efficiency, and further explore the functional mechanism of nutrient elements during the course of RA construction. The cultivation system of filter paper is utilized to research the effect of nutrient deficiency on the RA of Malus hupehensis （Pamp.） Rehd. There may be eight types of RA. In complete Hogland solution, the main type of RA is ＂lateral roots clustering in the upper and middle regions of primary root＂. With the lack of P, K or Ca, the main type of RA is ＂lateral roots clustering in the upper region primary root＂, and the ＂lateral roots clustering in the upper and middle regions of primary root＂ types of RA decrease. But with shortage of P, the type of lateral roots clustering in the upper and lower regions of primary root increases, and the type of lateral roots clustering in the middle region of primary root decreases, with the types of RA diversified. Under the condition of K deficiency, the type of no lateral root increases and types of lateral roots clustering in the middle region of primary root decrease, and the percentage of such types as ＂no lateral root＂, ＂lateral roots clustering in the upper region of primary root＂, and ＂lateral roots clustering in the upper and middle regions of primary root＂ accounts for 97.9% in all, with the types of RA simplified. With lack of Fe, Mg or Zn, the main type of RA is ＂lateral roots clustering in the upper and middle regions of primary root＂, but the type of lateral roots evenly-distributed on primary root increases. The main type of RA is ＂lateral roots evenlydistributed on primary root＂, under the condition of N deficiency, and the types of RA turn out to be diversified. There exists a close relation between nutrient deficiency and RA changes. Owing to various forms of nutrient deficiency, correspondingly different types of RA have been produced.展开更多
微生物增殖及死亡过程释放病原相关分子模式(PAMPs),机体通过胃肠、呼吸和皮肤等途径长期暴露于PAMPs具有潜在致炎效应风险.空气、水和土壤等环境存在大量微生物,为PAMPs释放提供极为有利的天然条件.本研究归纳了PAMPs中重要物质内毒素...微生物增殖及死亡过程释放病原相关分子模式(PAMPs),机体通过胃肠、呼吸和皮肤等途径长期暴露于PAMPs具有潜在致炎效应风险.空气、水和土壤等环境存在大量微生物,为PAMPs释放提供极为有利的天然条件.本研究归纳了PAMPs中重要物质内毒素、肽聚糖、磷壁酸、脂蛋白和Cp G DNA特性;阐述不同环境介质如空气、水和土壤环境中PAMPs赋存特征与健康风险;介绍机体对PAMPs识别机制及其疾病诱发风险,并揭示PAMPs与环境污染物联合暴露后致炎能力呈现的协同增强效应;根据环境领域PAMPs研究现状,重点探讨现存不足之处,提出亟需加快PAMPs标准检测体系、暴露风险阈值和流行病学等方面研究,推动环境领域PAMPs研究进展,为全面理解和评估PAMPs健康风险提供参考依据.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42107440).
文摘Both microplastic(MP)pollution and zinc(Zn)deficiency have adverse effects on terrestrial plants.However,the combined effect of MPs and Zn deficiency on plant physiology remains unexplored.In this study,a pot-culture experiment and ^(13)C stable isotope tracing technology were employed to investigate the combined effects of MPs and Zn deficiency on the growth,photosynthetic physiology and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics,as well as synthesis and distribution of photosynthetic products in Malus hupehensis(Pamp.)Rehd seedlings.The results revealed significant reductions in biomass,gas exchange parameters,carbohydrate metabolism enzyme activities,and photosynthetic parameters including Fv/Fm,FPSII,ETR and qp in seedlings subjected to both individual and joint treatments of MPs and Zn deficiency compared to the control group.Notably,the combined Zn deficiency and MPs exhibited a more pronounced inhibitory effect on root biomass(RR=-0.42)compared to the single Zn deficiency(RR=-0.37)and MP(RR=-0.26)treatments.Random forest analysis indicated that chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics(37.5%)had the greatest impact on biomass variation in seedlings,followed by ^(13)C accumulation in various organs(26.7%).MPs exacerbated the inhibition of photosynthesis(Pn and Gs)under Zn deficiency by suppressing chlorophyll fluorescence parameters(Fv/Fm and FPSII),further reducing ^(13)C accumulation in roots.In conclusion,the addition of MPs intensified the suppression of photosynthetic parameters caused by Zn deficiency,weakened the carbon assimilation capacity of leaves,and hindered the synthesis of photosynthetic products in leaves and their transport to roots,thereby further inhibiting root growth.This study reveals the combined stress of MP pollution and Zn deficiency on terrestrial plants,deepens our understanding of potential ecological risks,and provides scientific basis for the development of effective mitigation measures to protect plant ecosystems.
文摘What the researchers go in for is to establish models between root architecture （RA） changes and nutrition, mold ideal root architecture of apple trees, improve the nutrient uptake efficiency, and further explore the functional mechanism of nutrient elements during the course of RA construction. The cultivation system of filter paper is utilized to research the effect of nutrient deficiency on the RA of Malus hupehensis （Pamp.） Rehd. There may be eight types of RA. In complete Hogland solution, the main type of RA is ＂lateral roots clustering in the upper and middle regions of primary root＂. With the lack of P, K or Ca, the main type of RA is ＂lateral roots clustering in the upper region primary root＂, and the ＂lateral roots clustering in the upper and middle regions of primary root＂ types of RA decrease. But with shortage of P, the type of lateral roots clustering in the upper and lower regions of primary root increases, and the type of lateral roots clustering in the middle region of primary root decreases, with the types of RA diversified. Under the condition of K deficiency, the type of no lateral root increases and types of lateral roots clustering in the middle region of primary root decrease, and the percentage of such types as ＂no lateral root＂, ＂lateral roots clustering in the upper region of primary root＂, and ＂lateral roots clustering in the upper and middle regions of primary root＂ accounts for 97.9% in all, with the types of RA simplified. With lack of Fe, Mg or Zn, the main type of RA is ＂lateral roots clustering in the upper and middle regions of primary root＂, but the type of lateral roots evenly-distributed on primary root increases. The main type of RA is ＂lateral roots evenlydistributed on primary root＂, under the condition of N deficiency, and the types of RA turn out to be diversified. There exists a close relation between nutrient deficiency and RA changes. Owing to various forms of nutrient deficiency, correspondingly different types of RA have been produced.
文摘微生物增殖及死亡过程释放病原相关分子模式(PAMPs),机体通过胃肠、呼吸和皮肤等途径长期暴露于PAMPs具有潜在致炎效应风险.空气、水和土壤等环境存在大量微生物,为PAMPs释放提供极为有利的天然条件.本研究归纳了PAMPs中重要物质内毒素、肽聚糖、磷壁酸、脂蛋白和Cp G DNA特性;阐述不同环境介质如空气、水和土壤环境中PAMPs赋存特征与健康风险;介绍机体对PAMPs识别机制及其疾病诱发风险,并揭示PAMPs与环境污染物联合暴露后致炎能力呈现的协同增强效应;根据环境领域PAMPs研究现状,重点探讨现存不足之处,提出亟需加快PAMPs标准检测体系、暴露风险阈值和流行病学等方面研究,推动环境领域PAMPs研究进展,为全面理解和评估PAMPs健康风险提供参考依据.
