Both microplastic(MP)pollution and zinc(Zn)deficiency have adverse effects on terrestrial plants.However,the combined effect of MPs and Zn deficiency on plant physiology remains unexplored.In this study,a pot-culture ...Both microplastic(MP)pollution and zinc(Zn)deficiency have adverse effects on terrestrial plants.However,the combined effect of MPs and Zn deficiency on plant physiology remains unexplored.In this study,a pot-culture experiment and ^(13)C stable isotope tracing technology were employed to investigate the combined effects of MPs and Zn deficiency on the growth,photosynthetic physiology and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics,as well as synthesis and distribution of photosynthetic products in Malus hupehensis(Pamp.)Rehd seedlings.The results revealed significant reductions in biomass,gas exchange parameters,carbohydrate metabolism enzyme activities,and photosynthetic parameters including Fv/Fm,FPSII,ETR and qp in seedlings subjected to both individual and joint treatments of MPs and Zn deficiency compared to the control group.Notably,the combined Zn deficiency and MPs exhibited a more pronounced inhibitory effect on root biomass(RR=-0.42)compared to the single Zn deficiency(RR=-0.37)and MP(RR=-0.26)treatments.Random forest analysis indicated that chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics(37.5%)had the greatest impact on biomass variation in seedlings,followed by ^(13)C accumulation in various organs(26.7%).MPs exacerbated the inhibition of photosynthesis(Pn and Gs)under Zn deficiency by suppressing chlorophyll fluorescence parameters(Fv/Fm and FPSII),further reducing ^(13)C accumulation in roots.In conclusion,the addition of MPs intensified the suppression of photosynthetic parameters caused by Zn deficiency,weakened the carbon assimilation capacity of leaves,and hindered the synthesis of photosynthetic products in leaves and their transport to roots,thereby further inhibiting root growth.This study reveals the combined stress of MP pollution and Zn deficiency on terrestrial plants,deepens our understanding of potential ecological risks,and provides scientific basis for the development of effective mitigation measures to protect plant ecosystems.展开更多
What the researchers go in for is to establish models between root architecture （RA） changes and nutrition, mold ideal root architecture of apple trees, improve the nutrient uptake efficiency, and further explore th...What the researchers go in for is to establish models between root architecture （RA） changes and nutrition, mold ideal root architecture of apple trees, improve the nutrient uptake efficiency, and further explore the functional mechanism of nutrient elements during the course of RA construction. The cultivation system of filter paper is utilized to research the effect of nutrient deficiency on the RA of Malus hupehensis （Pamp.） Rehd. There may be eight types of RA. In complete Hogland solution, the main type of RA is ＂lateral roots clustering in the upper and middle regions of primary root＂. With the lack of P, K or Ca, the main type of RA is ＂lateral roots clustering in the upper region primary root＂, and the ＂lateral roots clustering in the upper and middle regions of primary root＂ types of RA decrease. But with shortage of P, the type of lateral roots clustering in the upper and lower regions of primary root increases, and the type of lateral roots clustering in the middle region of primary root decreases, with the types of RA diversified. Under the condition of K deficiency, the type of no lateral root increases and types of lateral roots clustering in the middle region of primary root decrease, and the percentage of such types as ＂no lateral root＂, ＂lateral roots clustering in the upper region of primary root＂, and ＂lateral roots clustering in the upper and middle regions of primary root＂ accounts for 97.9% in all, with the types of RA simplified. With lack of Fe, Mg or Zn, the main type of RA is ＂lateral roots clustering in the upper and middle regions of primary root＂, but the type of lateral roots evenly-distributed on primary root increases. The main type of RA is ＂lateral roots evenlydistributed on primary root＂, under the condition of N deficiency, and the types of RA turn out to be diversified. There exists a close relation between nutrient deficiency and RA changes. Owing to various forms of nutrient deficiency, correspondingly different types of RA have been produced.展开更多
目的探讨病原相关模式分子（PAMPs）对抗体诱导的关节炎（CAIA）样小鼠模型建立的影响。方法 7~8周龄Balb/c雌鼠,第0天使用抗体混合物诱导,第3天使用LPS（TLR4激动剂）或Cp G ODN 1826（TLR9激动剂）激发,每天定时观察四肢关节发病情况...目的探讨病原相关模式分子（PAMPs）对抗体诱导的关节炎（CAIA）样小鼠模型建立的影响。方法 7~8周龄Balb/c雌鼠,第0天使用抗体混合物诱导,第3天使用LPS（TLR4激动剂）或Cp G ODN 1826（TLR9激动剂）激发,每天定时观察四肢关节发病情况并进行关节评分;小鼠腹腔注射O111：B4和O55：B5,绘制生存曲线进行毒性分析;ELISA检测PAMPs刺激小鼠巨噬细胞后IL-6、TNF-α的分泌水平;鲎实验定量检测相同浓度下O111：B4和O55：B5的有效活性。结果 PAMPs成功激发CAIA模型炎症,其中O55：B5低死亡率、高成模率;O111：B4的毒性强于O55：B5;O55：B5的炎症因子分泌量显著高于O111：B4和Cp G ODN 1826（P〈0.01）;O111：B4的有效活性显著高于O55：B5（P〈0.01）。结论低毒高致炎性的O55：B5激发模型效果最佳,说明PAMPs能够影响建模效果,而低毒高致炎性PAMPs适合该模型的激发。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42107440).
文摘Both microplastic(MP)pollution and zinc(Zn)deficiency have adverse effects on terrestrial plants.However,the combined effect of MPs and Zn deficiency on plant physiology remains unexplored.In this study,a pot-culture experiment and ^(13)C stable isotope tracing technology were employed to investigate the combined effects of MPs and Zn deficiency on the growth,photosynthetic physiology and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics,as well as synthesis and distribution of photosynthetic products in Malus hupehensis(Pamp.)Rehd seedlings.The results revealed significant reductions in biomass,gas exchange parameters,carbohydrate metabolism enzyme activities,and photosynthetic parameters including Fv/Fm,FPSII,ETR and qp in seedlings subjected to both individual and joint treatments of MPs and Zn deficiency compared to the control group.Notably,the combined Zn deficiency and MPs exhibited a more pronounced inhibitory effect on root biomass(RR=-0.42)compared to the single Zn deficiency(RR=-0.37)and MP(RR=-0.26)treatments.Random forest analysis indicated that chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics(37.5%)had the greatest impact on biomass variation in seedlings,followed by ^(13)C accumulation in various organs(26.7%).MPs exacerbated the inhibition of photosynthesis(Pn and Gs)under Zn deficiency by suppressing chlorophyll fluorescence parameters(Fv/Fm and FPSII),further reducing ^(13)C accumulation in roots.In conclusion,the addition of MPs intensified the suppression of photosynthetic parameters caused by Zn deficiency,weakened the carbon assimilation capacity of leaves,and hindered the synthesis of photosynthetic products in leaves and their transport to roots,thereby further inhibiting root growth.This study reveals the combined stress of MP pollution and Zn deficiency on terrestrial plants,deepens our understanding of potential ecological risks,and provides scientific basis for the development of effective mitigation measures to protect plant ecosystems.
文摘What the researchers go in for is to establish models between root architecture （RA） changes and nutrition, mold ideal root architecture of apple trees, improve the nutrient uptake efficiency, and further explore the functional mechanism of nutrient elements during the course of RA construction. The cultivation system of filter paper is utilized to research the effect of nutrient deficiency on the RA of Malus hupehensis （Pamp.） Rehd. There may be eight types of RA. In complete Hogland solution, the main type of RA is ＂lateral roots clustering in the upper and middle regions of primary root＂. With the lack of P, K or Ca, the main type of RA is ＂lateral roots clustering in the upper region primary root＂, and the ＂lateral roots clustering in the upper and middle regions of primary root＂ types of RA decrease. But with shortage of P, the type of lateral roots clustering in the upper and lower regions of primary root increases, and the type of lateral roots clustering in the middle region of primary root decreases, with the types of RA diversified. Under the condition of K deficiency, the type of no lateral root increases and types of lateral roots clustering in the middle region of primary root decrease, and the percentage of such types as ＂no lateral root＂, ＂lateral roots clustering in the upper region of primary root＂, and ＂lateral roots clustering in the upper and middle regions of primary root＂ accounts for 97.9% in all, with the types of RA simplified. With lack of Fe, Mg or Zn, the main type of RA is ＂lateral roots clustering in the upper and middle regions of primary root＂, but the type of lateral roots evenly-distributed on primary root increases. The main type of RA is ＂lateral roots evenlydistributed on primary root＂, under the condition of N deficiency, and the types of RA turn out to be diversified. There exists a close relation between nutrient deficiency and RA changes. Owing to various forms of nutrient deficiency, correspondingly different types of RA have been produced.
文摘目的探讨病原相关模式分子（PAMPs）对抗体诱导的关节炎（CAIA）样小鼠模型建立的影响。方法 7~8周龄Balb/c雌鼠,第0天使用抗体混合物诱导,第3天使用LPS（TLR4激动剂）或Cp G ODN 1826（TLR9激动剂）激发,每天定时观察四肢关节发病情况并进行关节评分;小鼠腹腔注射O111：B4和O55：B5,绘制生存曲线进行毒性分析;ELISA检测PAMPs刺激小鼠巨噬细胞后IL-6、TNF-α的分泌水平;鲎实验定量检测相同浓度下O111：B4和O55：B5的有效活性。结果 PAMPs成功激发CAIA模型炎症,其中O55：B5低死亡率、高成模率;O111：B4的毒性强于O55：B5;O55：B5的炎症因子分泌量显著高于O111：B4和Cp G ODN 1826（P〈0.01）;O111：B4的有效活性显著高于O55：B5（P〈0.01）。结论低毒高致炎性的O55：B5激发模型效果最佳,说明PAMPs能够影响建模效果,而低毒高致炎性PAMPs适合该模型的激发。
