Owing to their high practicability,solar PV/T(photovoltaic/thermal)collectors have attracted considerable attention from researchers in both photovoltaic and solar-thermal fields worldwide.In this study,we designed an...Owing to their high practicability,solar PV/T(photovoltaic/thermal)collectors have attracted considerable attention from researchers in both photovoltaic and solar-thermal fields worldwide.In this study,we designed and constructed a novel solar-cooled PV/T system.Through experimental methods,we conducted an in-depth investigation of its thermal and electrical output characteristics and developed mathematical models for both thermal performance and electrical performance.Finally,we validated the experimental data against simulations.The results demonstrate that the designed solar-cooled PV/T system exhibits excellent thermal and electrical output performance.The utilization rate of waste heat from the PV module’s back plate reached 18.59%,and the system’s electrical efficiency improved by 1.92%compared to a conventional PV/T system.This work provides theoretical and experimental guidance for the further optimization and improvement of the solar-cooled PV/T system.展开更多
目的探讨银杏内酯B通过激活免疫性血小板减少症(ITP)哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)信号通路调节长链非编码RNA人浆细胞瘤转化迁移基因1(lncRNA PVT1)促进调节性T淋巴细胞/辅助性T淋巴细胞17(Treg/Th17)免疫平衡而抑制炎症反应的机制。...目的探讨银杏内酯B通过激活免疫性血小板减少症(ITP)哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)信号通路调节长链非编码RNA人浆细胞瘤转化迁移基因1(lncRNA PVT1)促进调节性T淋巴细胞/辅助性T淋巴细胞17(Treg/Th17)免疫平衡而抑制炎症反应的机制。方法选用80只雄性SD小鼠,采用腹腔注射抗小鼠血小板血清方法建立模型,随机分为正常组、模型组、低剂量组、高剂量组,每组20只,连续给药14天。实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测血清lncRNA PVT1表达,流式细胞仪检测Treg/Th17细胞,Western Blot检测磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶(PI3K)、Akt、mTOR蛋白表达。检测血清白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)和全血血小板计数(PLT)。结果与正常组比较,模型组小鼠血清lncRNA PVT1、Th17、IFN-γ升高,Treg、Treg/Th17、PI3K、Akt、mTOR蛋白、IL-4、PLT降低,差异具有统计学意义(t=2.510~54.899,均P<0.05);与模型组比较,低剂量组、高剂量组lncRNA PVT1(1.99±0.14、1.25±0.11 vs 2.39±0.15)、Th17(1.76%±0.32%、0.87%±0.04%vs 5.28%±1.21%)、IFN-γ(7.65±0.28pg/ml、6.84±0.33pg/ml vs 8.45±0.36 pg/ml)均降低(t_(低剂量组)=8.718、8.782、3.292,t_(高剂量组)=27.408、9.789、6.542),Treg(3.46%±0.43%、4.77%±0.51%vs 2.41%±0.44%)、Treg/Th17(1.98±0.16、4.24±1.02 vs 0.45±0.05)、PI3K(0.88±0.08、1.22±0.21 vs 0.45±0.05)、Akt(0.66±0.07、1.11±0.11 vs 0.21±0.02)、mTOR蛋白(0.70±0.08、1.21±0.13 vs 0.45±0.06)、IL-4(12.28±1.28pg/ml、13.08±1.01pg/ml vs 11.45±1.05pg/ml)、PLT[(526.99±50.34)×10^(9)/L、(880.37±52.78)×10^(9)/L vs(218.58±50.35)×10^(9)/L]均升高(t_(低剂量组)=4.943~27.643,t_(高剂量组)=7.766~40.818),差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。与低剂量组比较,高剂量组lncRNA PVT1、Th17、IFN-γ降低,Treg、Treg/Th17、PI3K、Akt、mTOR蛋白、IL-4、PLT升高,差异具有统计学意义(t=2.411~21.667,均P<0.05)。结论银杏内酯B可通过激活mTOR信号通路,调节lncRNA PVT1促进Treg/Th17免疫平衡,抑制ITP小鼠炎症反应,提升血小板数量。展开更多
The integration of photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systems, which enable the simultaneous conversion of solar energy into both electricity and thermal energy, holds great promise in the solar-rich northwest region of Chin...The integration of photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systems, which enable the simultaneous conversion of solar energy into both electricity and thermal energy, holds great promise in the solar-rich northwest region of China. This study aims to assess the performance of a micro heat pipe (MHP) PV/T system through comprehensive experiments conducted over the four seasons in Lanzhou. The experimental setup involved the measurement of various parameters including environmental temperature, surface temperature of the PV/T panel, back temperature of the PV/T panel, and water temperature, as well as the determination of the power collection efficiency (PCE) and thermal conversion efficiency (TCE). The PV/T system was installed at a tilt angle of 45°, resulting in an average PCE of 12.42 % and TCE of 34.7 %. To further understand the system performance, a two-dimensional mathematical model was developed and validated using the experimental data, demonstrating good agreement between the simulated and actual results. The simulation provided valuable insights into the temperature distribution across different components of the PV/T module, such as the glass cover, solar cell, and single shell of the MHP. The findings revealed that increasing the number of MHPs from 12 to 20 led to a modest improvement of 0.21 % and 2.72 % in the PCE and TCE, respectively. Similarly, raising the flow rate from 0.108 L/s to 0.128 L/s resulted in a corresponding increase of 0.25 % and 3.01 % in the PCE and TCE, respectively. These experimental investigations and numerical simulations established a solid scientific foundation and offered practical guidance for the implementation of MHP-PV/T systems, thereby facilitating the efficient utilization of solar energy in future applications.展开更多
文摘Owing to their high practicability,solar PV/T(photovoltaic/thermal)collectors have attracted considerable attention from researchers in both photovoltaic and solar-thermal fields worldwide.In this study,we designed and constructed a novel solar-cooled PV/T system.Through experimental methods,we conducted an in-depth investigation of its thermal and electrical output characteristics and developed mathematical models for both thermal performance and electrical performance.Finally,we validated the experimental data against simulations.The results demonstrate that the designed solar-cooled PV/T system exhibits excellent thermal and electrical output performance.The utilization rate of waste heat from the PV module’s back plate reached 18.59%,and the system’s electrical efficiency improved by 1.92%compared to a conventional PV/T system.This work provides theoretical and experimental guidance for the further optimization and improvement of the solar-cooled PV/T system.
文摘目的探讨银杏内酯B通过激活免疫性血小板减少症(ITP)哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)信号通路调节长链非编码RNA人浆细胞瘤转化迁移基因1(lncRNA PVT1)促进调节性T淋巴细胞/辅助性T淋巴细胞17(Treg/Th17)免疫平衡而抑制炎症反应的机制。方法选用80只雄性SD小鼠,采用腹腔注射抗小鼠血小板血清方法建立模型,随机分为正常组、模型组、低剂量组、高剂量组,每组20只,连续给药14天。实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测血清lncRNA PVT1表达,流式细胞仪检测Treg/Th17细胞,Western Blot检测磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶(PI3K)、Akt、mTOR蛋白表达。检测血清白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)和全血血小板计数(PLT)。结果与正常组比较,模型组小鼠血清lncRNA PVT1、Th17、IFN-γ升高,Treg、Treg/Th17、PI3K、Akt、mTOR蛋白、IL-4、PLT降低,差异具有统计学意义(t=2.510~54.899,均P<0.05);与模型组比较,低剂量组、高剂量组lncRNA PVT1(1.99±0.14、1.25±0.11 vs 2.39±0.15)、Th17(1.76%±0.32%、0.87%±0.04%vs 5.28%±1.21%)、IFN-γ(7.65±0.28pg/ml、6.84±0.33pg/ml vs 8.45±0.36 pg/ml)均降低(t_(低剂量组)=8.718、8.782、3.292,t_(高剂量组)=27.408、9.789、6.542),Treg(3.46%±0.43%、4.77%±0.51%vs 2.41%±0.44%)、Treg/Th17(1.98±0.16、4.24±1.02 vs 0.45±0.05)、PI3K(0.88±0.08、1.22±0.21 vs 0.45±0.05)、Akt(0.66±0.07、1.11±0.11 vs 0.21±0.02)、mTOR蛋白(0.70±0.08、1.21±0.13 vs 0.45±0.06)、IL-4(12.28±1.28pg/ml、13.08±1.01pg/ml vs 11.45±1.05pg/ml)、PLT[(526.99±50.34)×10^(9)/L、(880.37±52.78)×10^(9)/L vs(218.58±50.35)×10^(9)/L]均升高(t_(低剂量组)=4.943~27.643,t_(高剂量组)=7.766~40.818),差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。与低剂量组比较,高剂量组lncRNA PVT1、Th17、IFN-γ降低,Treg、Treg/Th17、PI3K、Akt、mTOR蛋白、IL-4、PLT升高,差异具有统计学意义(t=2.411~21.667,均P<0.05)。结论银杏内酯B可通过激活mTOR信号通路,调节lncRNA PVT1促进Treg/Th17免疫平衡,抑制ITP小鼠炎症反应,提升血小板数量。
基金the funding support from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(MOST project number 2019YFE0104900)from the Research Council of Norway(NRC project number 304191-ENERGIX)+1 种基金from National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51676094)from Gansu Province Higher Education Industry Support and Guidance Project(2021CYZC-33).
文摘The integration of photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systems, which enable the simultaneous conversion of solar energy into both electricity and thermal energy, holds great promise in the solar-rich northwest region of China. This study aims to assess the performance of a micro heat pipe (MHP) PV/T system through comprehensive experiments conducted over the four seasons in Lanzhou. The experimental setup involved the measurement of various parameters including environmental temperature, surface temperature of the PV/T panel, back temperature of the PV/T panel, and water temperature, as well as the determination of the power collection efficiency (PCE) and thermal conversion efficiency (TCE). The PV/T system was installed at a tilt angle of 45°, resulting in an average PCE of 12.42 % and TCE of 34.7 %. To further understand the system performance, a two-dimensional mathematical model was developed and validated using the experimental data, demonstrating good agreement between the simulated and actual results. The simulation provided valuable insights into the temperature distribution across different components of the PV/T module, such as the glass cover, solar cell, and single shell of the MHP. The findings revealed that increasing the number of MHPs from 12 to 20 led to a modest improvement of 0.21 % and 2.72 % in the PCE and TCE, respectively. Similarly, raising the flow rate from 0.108 L/s to 0.128 L/s resulted in a corresponding increase of 0.25 % and 3.01 % in the PCE and TCE, respectively. These experimental investigations and numerical simulations established a solid scientific foundation and offered practical guidance for the implementation of MHP-PV/T systems, thereby facilitating the efficient utilization of solar energy in future applications.
