Stability indicating RP-UPLC technique was developed for the simultaneous quantification of glycopyrrolate, methylparaben, and propylparaben in glycopyrrolate oral solution. The method was established by using gradien...Stability indicating RP-UPLC technique was developed for the simultaneous quantification of glycopyrrolate, methylparaben, and propylparaben in glycopyrrolate oral solution. The method was established by using gradient UPLC and a Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18, 100 mm 2.1 mm, i.d 1.7 μm particle size column with a gradient program of mobile phase A and mobile phase B with a flow rate of 0.25 mL/minute, UV wavelength detection at 222 nm, column temperature of 40°C, injection volume of 2 μL, mobile phase A contains 0.05% trifluoro acetic acid in water and Acetonitrile (90:10) v/v and mobile phase-B contains 0.05% trifluoro acetic acid in water and Acetonitrile (10:90) v/v. The current research describes a single UPLC method for developing an assay method for Glycopyrrolate Oral solution that includes Glycopyrrolate (Active), Methylparaben (Preservative), and Propylparaben (Preservative). The assay method was validated in accordance with ICH guidelines. The retention times of glycopyrrolate, methyl paraben and propylparaben were 6.051 min, 3.458 min and 8.095 min, respectively. Linearity range of glycopyrrolate, methyl paraben and propylparaben were in the range of 4 - 32 μg per mL, 35 - 290 μg per mL and 4 - 32 μg per mL, respectively. Recovery of glycopyrrolate, methylparaben and propylparaben ranged from 100.1% to 98.9%, 100.2% - 100.8%, and 100.2% - 100.8%. Validation of analytical method demonstrated that the method is suitable, specific, linear, accurate, precise, rugged and stability indicating for estimating three components in the pharmaceutical dosage form.展开更多
Parabens,including methylparaben(MtP)and propylparaben(PrP),are synthetic preservatives commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products.Increasing evidence suggests that these compounds may act as endocrine-disr...Parabens,including methylparaben(MtP)and propylparaben(PrP),are synthetic preservatives commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products.Increasing evidence suggests that these compounds may act as endocrine-disrupting chemicals(EDCs),but their effects on thyroid function remain incompletely understood.This study aimed to investigate the impact of MtP and PrP on cell viability,proliferation,oxidative stress,thyroid-related gene expression,genotoxicity,and effects on cAMP in differentiated FRTL-5 rat thyroid cells.FRTL-5 cells were treated with MtP or PrP at concentrations of 0,0.001,0.01,0.1,1,10,and 100μg/ml for 24,48,and 72 h.Cell viability and proliferation were assessed by WST-1 and crystal violet assays,respectively.Reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation was measured using a DcfDA-based fluorescence assay.Gene expression of thyroid-related genes(TG,TSHR,NIS,NKX2-1,PAX8,TPO)was quantified by real-time PCR.Micronuclei formation was evaluated as a marker of genotoxicity.Intracellular cAMP levels were measured using an ELISA-based method.PrP at 100μg/ml significantly reduced cell viability(after 72 h)and proliferation(after 4872 h)at difference with MtP.Both PrP 100μg/ml and MtP 10100μg/ml increased ROS levels.PrP and MtP induced complex,dose-dependent,and non-monotonic changes in gene expression.Notably,PrP 10μg/ml upregulated most thyroid-related genes,while PrP 100μg/ml suppressed them.cAMp levels increased significantly with PrP 100μg/ml.No significant genotoxicity was observed.In conclusion,MtP and PrP exert different effects on thyroid cells,supporting their potential role as thyroid-disrupting chemicals.展开更多
Parabens(PBs),especially propylparaben,commonly used in consumer products,pose environmental and health concerns.This study explored propylparaben’s cytotoxicity on HTR-8/SVneo human trophoblast cells,revealing signi...Parabens(PBs),especially propylparaben,commonly used in consumer products,pose environmental and health concerns.This study explored propylparaben’s cytotoxicity on HTR-8/SVneo human trophoblast cells,revealing significant dosedependent cytotoxic effects,particularly post 48-h exposure.Elevated propylparaben levels triggered apoptosis,evidenced by increased Bax and activated Caspase-3,and induced the G0/G1 cell cycle arrest.Concurrently,an increase in reactive oxygen species and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential indicated oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.Although Nacetylcysteine(NAC)treatment reduced oxidative stress,cell invasiveness persisted,suggesting propylparaben might affect cell migration through nonoxidative mechanisms.Integrated transcriptome analysis through RNA sequencing revealed 3488 differentially expressed genes affected by propylparaben,highlighting changes in pathways like apoptosis and cell cycle regulation and identifying seven hub genes as potential biomarkers for pregnancy-related complications.This study comprehensively demonstrates the cytotoxic effects of propylparaben on human trophoblast cells,notably through apoptosis induction and cell cycle disruption,thereby providing crucial insights into its potential risks for reproductive health.展开更多
文摘Stability indicating RP-UPLC technique was developed for the simultaneous quantification of glycopyrrolate, methylparaben, and propylparaben in glycopyrrolate oral solution. The method was established by using gradient UPLC and a Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18, 100 mm 2.1 mm, i.d 1.7 μm particle size column with a gradient program of mobile phase A and mobile phase B with a flow rate of 0.25 mL/minute, UV wavelength detection at 222 nm, column temperature of 40°C, injection volume of 2 μL, mobile phase A contains 0.05% trifluoro acetic acid in water and Acetonitrile (90:10) v/v and mobile phase-B contains 0.05% trifluoro acetic acid in water and Acetonitrile (10:90) v/v. The current research describes a single UPLC method for developing an assay method for Glycopyrrolate Oral solution that includes Glycopyrrolate (Active), Methylparaben (Preservative), and Propylparaben (Preservative). The assay method was validated in accordance with ICH guidelines. The retention times of glycopyrrolate, methyl paraben and propylparaben were 6.051 min, 3.458 min and 8.095 min, respectively. Linearity range of glycopyrrolate, methyl paraben and propylparaben were in the range of 4 - 32 μg per mL, 35 - 290 μg per mL and 4 - 32 μg per mL, respectively. Recovery of glycopyrrolate, methylparaben and propylparaben ranged from 100.1% to 98.9%, 100.2% - 100.8%, and 100.2% - 100.8%. Validation of analytical method demonstrated that the method is suitable, specific, linear, accurate, precise, rugged and stability indicating for estimating three components in the pharmaceutical dosage form.
基金supported by the‘Ricerca Corrente’funding scheme of the Ministry of Health Italy.
文摘Parabens,including methylparaben(MtP)and propylparaben(PrP),are synthetic preservatives commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products.Increasing evidence suggests that these compounds may act as endocrine-disrupting chemicals(EDCs),but their effects on thyroid function remain incompletely understood.This study aimed to investigate the impact of MtP and PrP on cell viability,proliferation,oxidative stress,thyroid-related gene expression,genotoxicity,and effects on cAMP in differentiated FRTL-5 rat thyroid cells.FRTL-5 cells were treated with MtP or PrP at concentrations of 0,0.001,0.01,0.1,1,10,and 100μg/ml for 24,48,and 72 h.Cell viability and proliferation were assessed by WST-1 and crystal violet assays,respectively.Reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation was measured using a DcfDA-based fluorescence assay.Gene expression of thyroid-related genes(TG,TSHR,NIS,NKX2-1,PAX8,TPO)was quantified by real-time PCR.Micronuclei formation was evaluated as a marker of genotoxicity.Intracellular cAMP levels were measured using an ELISA-based method.PrP at 100μg/ml significantly reduced cell viability(after 72 h)and proliferation(after 4872 h)at difference with MtP.Both PrP 100μg/ml and MtP 10100μg/ml increased ROS levels.PrP and MtP induced complex,dose-dependent,and non-monotonic changes in gene expression.Notably,PrP 10μg/ml upregulated most thyroid-related genes,while PrP 100μg/ml suppressed them.cAMp levels increased significantly with PrP 100μg/ml.No significant genotoxicity was observed.In conclusion,MtP and PrP exert different effects on thyroid cells,supporting their potential role as thyroid-disrupting chemicals.
基金supported by Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety,Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine.
文摘Parabens(PBs),especially propylparaben,commonly used in consumer products,pose environmental and health concerns.This study explored propylparaben’s cytotoxicity on HTR-8/SVneo human trophoblast cells,revealing significant dosedependent cytotoxic effects,particularly post 48-h exposure.Elevated propylparaben levels triggered apoptosis,evidenced by increased Bax and activated Caspase-3,and induced the G0/G1 cell cycle arrest.Concurrently,an increase in reactive oxygen species and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential indicated oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.Although Nacetylcysteine(NAC)treatment reduced oxidative stress,cell invasiveness persisted,suggesting propylparaben might affect cell migration through nonoxidative mechanisms.Integrated transcriptome analysis through RNA sequencing revealed 3488 differentially expressed genes affected by propylparaben,highlighting changes in pathways like apoptosis and cell cycle regulation and identifying seven hub genes as potential biomarkers for pregnancy-related complications.This study comprehensively demonstrates the cytotoxic effects of propylparaben on human trophoblast cells,notably through apoptosis induction and cell cycle disruption,thereby providing crucial insights into its potential risks for reproductive health.
