The nonlinear propagation of positron acoustic periodic （PAP） travelling waves in a magnetoplasma composed of dynamic cold positrons, superthermal kappa distributed hot positrons and electrons, and stationary positi...The nonlinear propagation of positron acoustic periodic （PAP） travelling waves in a magnetoplasma composed of dynamic cold positrons, superthermal kappa distributed hot positrons and electrons, and stationary positive ions is examined. The reductive perturbation technique is employed to derive a nonlinear Zakharov Kuznetsov equation that governs the essential features of nonlinear PAP travelling waves. Moreover, the bifurcation theory is used to investigate the propagation of nonlinear PAP periodic travelling wave solutions. It is found that kappa distributed hot positrons and electrons provide only the possibility of existence of nonlinear compressive PAP travelling waves. It is observed that the superthermality of hot positrons, the concentrations of superthermal electrons and positrons, the positron cyclotron frequency, the direction cosines of wave vector k along the z-axis, and the concentration of ions play pivotal roles in the nonlinear propagation of PAP travelling waves. Tile present investigation may be used to understand the formation of PAP structures in the space and laboratory plasmas with superthermal hot positrons and electrons.展开更多
A series of polyurethane/epoxy resin interpenetrating polymer networks （PU/ER IPN） were studied by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy （PALS）. The effects of epoxy resin type and content on the free volume...A series of polyurethane/epoxy resin interpenetrating polymer networks （PU/ER IPN） were studied by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy （PALS）. The effects of epoxy resin type and content on the free volume properties in IPN were investigated. We found that in PU/ER IPN, the free volume hole size and fractional free volume showed a negative deviation due to closer segmental chain packing through some chemical bonding between PU and epoxy resin. Direct relationship between the gas permeability and the free volume has been established based on the free volume theory. Experimental results revealed that the free volume plays an important role in determining the gas diffusion and permeability.展开更多
Through the use of a reductive perturbation technique, solitary kinetic Alfvén waves（KAWs） are investigated in a low but finite b（particle-to-magnetic pressure ratio） dense electron–positron–ion plasma wher...Through the use of a reductive perturbation technique, solitary kinetic Alfvén waves（KAWs） are investigated in a low but finite b（particle-to-magnetic pressure ratio） dense electron–positron–ion plasma where electrons and positrons are degenerate. The degenerate plasma model considered here permits the existence of sub-Alfvénic compressive solitary KAWs. The influence of r（equilibrium positron-to-ion density ratio）, sF（electron-to-positron Fermi temperature ratio）, b and obliqueness parameter lzon various characteristics of solitary KAWs are examined through numerical plots. We have shown that there exists a critical value of lzat which a soliton width attains its maximum value which decreases with an increase in r and sF.It is also found that solitons with a higher energy propagate more obliquely in the direction of an ambient magnetic field. The results of the present investigation may be useful for understanding low frequency nonlinear electromagnetic wave propagation in magnetized electron–positron–ion plasmas in dense stars. Specifically, the relevance of our investigation to a pulsar magnetosphere is emphasized.展开更多
Understanding the neural underpinning of human gait and balance is one of the most pertinent challenges for 21st-century translational neuroscience due to the profound impact that falls and mobility disturbances have ...Understanding the neural underpinning of human gait and balance is one of the most pertinent challenges for 21st-century translational neuroscience due to the profound impact that falls and mobility disturbances have on our aging population.Posture and gait control does not happen automatically,as previously believed,but rather requires continuous involvement of central nervous mechanisms.To effectively exert control over the body,the brain must integrate multiple streams of sensory information,including visual,vestibular,and somatosensory signals.The mechanisms which underpin the integration of these multisensory signals are the principal topic of the present work.Existing multisensory integration theories focus on how failure of cognitive processes thought to be involved in multisensory integration leads to falls in older adults.Insufficient emphasis,however,has been placed on specific contributions of individual sensory modalities to multisensory integration processes and cross-modal interactions that occur between the sensory modalities in relation to gait and balance.In the present work,we review the contributions of somatosensory,visual,and vestibular modalities,along with their multisensory intersections to gait and balance in older adults and patients with Parkinson’s disease.We also review evidence of vestibular contributions to multisensory temporal binding windows,previously shown to be highly pertinent to fall risk in older adults.Lastly,we relate multisensory vestibular mechanisms to potential neural substrates,both at the level of neurobiology(concerning positron emission tomography imaging)and at the level of electrophysiology(concerning electroencephalography).We hope that this integrative review,drawing influence across multiple subdisciplines of neuroscience,paves the way for novel research directions and therapeutic neuromodulatory approaches,to improve the lives of older adults and patients with neurodegenerative diseases.展开更多
Nowadays,presynaptic dopaminergic positron emission tomography,which assesses deficiencies in dopamine synthesis,storage,and transport,is widely utilized for early diagnosis and differential diagnosis of parkinsonism....Nowadays,presynaptic dopaminergic positron emission tomography,which assesses deficiencies in dopamine synthesis,storage,and transport,is widely utilized for early diagnosis and differential diagnosis of parkinsonism.This review provides a comprehensive summary of the latest developments in the application of presynaptic dopaminergic positron emission tomography imaging in disorders that manifest parkinsonism.We conducted a thorough literature search using reputable databases such as PubMed and Web of Science.Selection criteria involved identifying peer-reviewed articles published within the last 5 years,with emphasis on their relevance to clinical applications.The findings from these studies highlight that presynaptic dopaminergic positron emission tomography has demonstrated potential not only in diagnosing and differentiating various Parkinsonian conditions but also in assessing disease severity and predicting prognosis.Moreover,when employed in conjunction with other imaging modalities and advanced analytical methods,presynaptic dopaminergic positron emission tomography has been validated as a reliable in vivo biomarker.This validation extends to screening and exploring potential neuropathological mechanisms associated with dopaminergic depletion.In summary,the insights gained from interpreting these studies are crucial for enhancing the effectiveness of preclinical investigations and clinical trials,ultimately advancing toward the goals of neuroregeneration in parkinsonian disorders.展开更多
The DArk Matter Particle Explorer （DAMPE） is a satellite-borne, high-energy particle and 3,-ray detector, which is dedicated to indirectly detecting particle dark matter and studying high-energy astrophysics. The fi...The DArk Matter Particle Explorer （DAMPE） is a satellite-borne, high-energy particle and 3,-ray detector, which is dedicated to indirectly detecting particle dark matter and studying high-energy astrophysics. The first results about precise measurement of the cosmic ray electron plus positron spectrum between 25 GeV and 4.6 TeV were published recently. The DAMPE spectrum reveals an interesting spectral softening arount 0.9 TeV and a tentative peak around 1.4 TeV. These results have inspired extensive discussion. The detector of DAMPE, the data analysis, and the first results are introduced. In particular, the physical interpretations of the DAMPE data are reviewed.展开更多
Malignant tumours always threaten human health.For tumour diagnosis,positron emission tomography(PET)is the most sensitive and advanced imaging technique by radiotracers,such as radioactive^(18)F,^(11)C,^(64)Cu,^(68)G...Malignant tumours always threaten human health.For tumour diagnosis,positron emission tomography(PET)is the most sensitive and advanced imaging technique by radiotracers,such as radioactive^(18)F,^(11)C,^(64)Cu,^(68)Ga,and^(89)Zr.Among the radiotracers,the radioactive^(18)F-labelled chemical agent as PET probes plays a predominant role in monitoring,detecting,treating,and predicting tumours due to its perfect half-life.In this paper,the^(18)F-labelled chemical materials as PET probes are systematically summarized.First,we introduce various radionuclides of PET and elaborate on the mechanism of PET imaging.It highlights the^(18)F-labelled chemical agents used as PET probes,including[^(18)F]-2-deoxy-2-[^(18)F]fluoro-D-glucose([^(18)F]-FDG),^(18)F-labelled amino acids,^(18)F-labelled nucleic acids,^(18)F-labelled receptors,^(18)F-labelled reporter genes,and^(18)F-labelled hypoxia agents.In addition,some PET probes with metal as a supplementary element are introduced briefly.Meanwhile,the^(18)F-labelled nanoparticles for the PET probe and the multi-modality imaging probe are summarized in detail.The approach and strategies for the fabrication of^(18)F-labelled PET probes are also described briefly.The future development of the PET probe is also prospected.The development and application of^(18)F-labelled PET probes will expand our knowledge and shed light on the diagnosis and theranostics of tumours.展开更多
Biliary tract cancer(BTC)is a group of heterogeneous sporadic diseases,including intrahepatic,hilar,and distal cholangiocarcinoma,as well as gallbladder cancer.BTC is characterized by high invasiveness and extremely p...Biliary tract cancer(BTC)is a group of heterogeneous sporadic diseases,including intrahepatic,hilar,and distal cholangiocarcinoma,as well as gallbladder cancer.BTC is characterized by high invasiveness and extremely poor prognosis,with a global increased incidence due to intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC).The 18Ffludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography(PET)computed tomography(18F-FDG PET/CT)combines glucose metabolic information(reflecting the glycolytic activity of tumor cells)with anatomical structure to assess tumor metabolic heterogeneity,systemic metastasis,and molecular characteristics noninvasively,overcoming the limitations of traditional imaging in the detection of micrometastases and recurrent lesions.18F-FDG PET/CT offers critical insights in clinical staging,therapeutic evaluation,and prognostic prediction of BTC.This article reviews research progress in this field over the past decade,with a particular focus on the advances made in the last 3 years,which have not been adequately summarized and recognized.The research paradigm in this field is shifting from qualitative to quantitative studies,and there have been significant breakthroughs in using 18F-FDG PET/CT metabolic information to predict gene expression in ICC.Radiomics and deep learning techniques have been applied to ICC for prognostic prediction and differential diagnosis.Additionally,PET/magnetic resonance imaging is increasingly demonstrating its value in this field.展开更多
Soft tissue sarcomas(STS)are rare malignant tumors originating from mesoder-mal tissues with a poor prognosis,accounting for approximately 1%of all malig-nancies and comprising around 50 distinct subtypes.Conventional...Soft tissue sarcomas(STS)are rare malignant tumors originating from mesoder-mal tissues with a poor prognosis,accounting for approximately 1%of all malig-nancies and comprising around 50 distinct subtypes.Conventional imaging mo-dalities,such as computed tomography(CT)and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),primarily provide anatomical information,whereas 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT(18F-FDG PET/CT)integrates functional metabolic and anatomical imaging,serving as a critical complementary tool in the diagnosis and management of STS.This article reviews recent advances in the application of 18F-FDG PET/CT for STS.The advantages of 18F-FDG PET/CT in STS include:(1)Early detection of metabolic activity changes in tumors,partic-ularly when morphological alterations are insignificant;(2)Effective differen-tiation between benign and malignant soft tissue tumors,as well as aiding in distinguishing high-grade from low-grade sarcomas;(3)Identification of occult metastatic lesions,improving staging accuracy,and facilitating restaging in cases of recurrence or metastasis;(4)Utilization of parameters such as maximum stan-dardized uptake value and metabolic tumor volume to assist in tumor grading and prognostic evaluation;and(5)Monitoring treatment response to guide adjust-ments in personalized therapeutic strategies.However,18F-FDG PET/CT has limitations in diagnosis of certain STS subtypes(e.g.,myxoid liposarcoma),detection and biopsy of metastatic lymph nodes,necessitating integration with clinical evaluation and other imaging techniques.18F-FDG PET/CT is poised to play an increasingly vital role in the precision diagnosis and treatment of STS.展开更多
Glioblastoma multiforme(GBM)are the most aggressive and common tumors in the central nervous system.GBM are classified as grade IV according to the World Health Organization.The incidence of GBM slightly differs among...Glioblastoma multiforme(GBM)are the most aggressive and common tumors in the central nervous system.GBM are classified as grade IV according to the World Health Organization.The incidence of GBM slightly differs among countries.The etiology of GBM has not been entirely clarified.No risk factors such as smoking,chemicals or dietary can be identified for GBM.Only the exposure to high radiation dose such as radiotherapy of head and neck cancers have been reported to increase the risk of glioma tumors.In this review,the authors attempted to cover several aspects of GBM.This review was based on a collection of recent publications from different research fields but all related to GBM in order to shed the light on this disease.We highlighted the current insights of GBM in the aspects of epidemiology,pathogenesis,etiology,molecular genetics,imaging technologies,artificial intelligence and treatment.A literature review was conducted for GBM with relevant keywords.Although GBM was known since several decades,its causes are still confounding,and its early detection is often unpredictable.Since the hereditary aspect of GBM is very low,there remains as the common symptoms the interference with normal brain function,memory loss,unusual behavior,headaches and seizures.The progress in GBM treatment is not satisfactory even with the deployment of huge efforts and financial costs in many domains like gene therapy,surgery and chemoradiotherapy.Despite the rapid developments of the standard treatment for GBM,the trend of survival rate did not change among years.展开更多
Mechano luminescence(ML),which involves the emission of light under mechanical stimuli,shows great potential in various applications such as sensing,imaging,and energy harvesting.Current research suggests that the lum...Mechano luminescence(ML),which involves the emission of light under mechanical stimuli,shows great potential in various applications such as sensing,imaging,and energy harvesting.Current research suggests that the luminescence mechanism of ML is typically connected to specific defects present within the material.In this study,we focus on the investigation of ML defects in Pr^(3+)-doped NaNbO_(3)/LiNbO_(3)heterojunctions,employing a combination of experimental and theoretical approaches.Through experimental analysis,we confirmed the presence of the heterojunction and its influence on ML intensity,and the optimal doping ratio for the heterojunction in ML was established.Furthermore,we examined the influence of varying Pr^(3+)doping concentrations on ML behavior and a proof-of-concept was demonstrated using the X-rays charged heterostructural phosphor as a stress sensor for biological applications.The position and concentration of internal defects in the ML material were scrutinized through thermo luminescence tests employing the variable heating rate method and positron annihilation.Complementing the experimental findings,theoretical simulations were conducted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms responsible for the observed ML defects.Density functional theory calculations were employed to investigate the energy levels,charge transfer processes,and lattice distortions within the heterojunctions under mechanical stress.Theoretical predictions were compared and validated against the experimental results.The integration of experimental and theoretical approaches provides a comprehensive understanding of the ML behavior of Pr^(3+)-doped NaNbO_(3)/LiNbO_(3)heterojunctions.The insights gained from this research contribute to the development of novel ML materials and pave the way for their applications in next-generation sensing and energy conversion devices.展开更多
Correction:Nuclear Science and Techniques(2025)36:4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-024-01548-5 In this article,the caption for Fig(s)1,3,and 4 was inadvert-ently truncated.The incorrect and the corrected captions are ...Correction:Nuclear Science and Techniques(2025)36:4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-024-01548-5 In this article,the caption for Fig(s)1,3,and 4 was inadvert-ently truncated.The incorrect and the corrected captions are given below.展开更多
The stability of matrix graphite under neutron irradiation and in corrosive environments is crucial for the safe operation of molten salt reactors(MSRs).Raman spectroscopy and a slow positron beam were employed to inv...The stability of matrix graphite under neutron irradiation and in corrosive environments is crucial for the safe operation of molten salt reactors(MSRs).Raman spectroscopy and a slow positron beam were employed to investigate the effects of He ion irradiation fluences and subsequent annealing on the microstructure and defects of the matrix graphite.He ions with 500 keV energy and fluences ranging from 1.1×10^(15)ions∕cm^(2)to 3.5×10^(17)ions∕cm^(2)were used to simulate neutron irradiation at 300 K.The samples with an irradiation fluence of 3.5×10^(16)ions∕cm^(2)were subjected to isochronal annealing at different temperatures(573 K,873 K and 1173 K)for 3 h.The Raman results revealed that the D peak gradually increased,whereas the intrinsic G peak decreased with increasing irradiation fluence.At the same irradiation fluence,the D peak gradually decreased,whereas the intrinsic G peak increased with increasing annealing temperature.Slow positron beam analysis demonstrated that the density or size of irradiation defects(vacancy type)increased with higher irradiation fluence,but decreased rapidly with increasing annealing temperature.The Raman spectral analysis of sample cross sections subjected to high irradiation fluences revealed the emergence of amorphization precisely at the depth where ion damage was most pronounced,whereas the surface retained its crystalline structure.Raman and positron annihilation analyses indicated that the matrix graphite exhibited good irradiation resistance to He ions at 300 K.However,vacancy-type defects induced by He ion irradiation exhibit poor thermal stability and can be easily removed during annealing.展开更多
We present the diagnostic performance of[18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography(FDG PET)for adrenal incidentalomas based on lesion size and unenhanced computed tomography(CT)density in Hounsfield units(HU...We present the diagnostic performance of[18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography(FDG PET)for adrenal incidentalomas based on lesion size and unenhanced computed tomography(CT)density in Hounsfield units(HU),following current literature and guidelines.A 20 HU cutoff can be applied to differentiate potentially benign from malignant lesions,particularly in ruling in or out adrenocortical carcinoma.While FDG PET provides valuable metabolic information,its likelihood ratios for a positive(LR+)or negative(LR-)result do not exceed the robust diagnostic thresholds of>10.0 or<0.1,respectively.This suggests that positron emission tomography alone is insufficient for definitive characterization and should be integrated with CT or magnetic resonance imaging to leverage their complementary anatomical and functional imaging strengths for optimal diagnostic accuracy.展开更多
Brain imaging is important in detecting Mild Cognitive Impairment(MCI)and related dementias.Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI)provides structural insights,while Positron Emission Tomography(PET)evaluates metabolic activi...Brain imaging is important in detecting Mild Cognitive Impairment(MCI)and related dementias.Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI)provides structural insights,while Positron Emission Tomography(PET)evaluates metabolic activity,aiding in the identification of dementia-related pathologies.This study integrates multiple data modalities—T1-weighted MRI,Pittsburgh Compound B(PiB)PET scans,cognitive assessments such as Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE),Clinical Dementia Rating(CDR)and Functional Activities Questionnaire(FAQ),blood pressure parameters,and demographic data—to improve MCI detection.The proposed improved Convolutional Mixer architecture,incorporating B-cos modules,multi-head self-attention,and a custom classifier,achieves a classification accuracy of 96.3%on the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging(MCSA)dataset(sagittal plane),outperforming state-of-the-art models by 5%–20%.On the full dataset,the model maintains a high accuracy of 94.9%,with sensitivity and specificity reaching 89.1%and 98.3%,respectively.Extensive evaluations across different imaging planes confirm that the sagittal plane offers the highest diagnostic performance,followed by axial and coronal planes.Feature visualization highlights contributions from central brain structures and lateral ventricles in differentiating MCI from cognitively normal subjects.These results demonstrate that the proposed multimodal deep learning approach improves accuracy and interpretability in MCI detection.展开更多
BACKGROUND Diabetic gastroparesis(DGP),characterized by delayed gastric emptying and impaired motility,poses significant therapeutic challenges due to its complex neural and molecular pathophysiology.Emerging evidence...BACKGROUND Diabetic gastroparesis(DGP),characterized by delayed gastric emptying and impaired motility,poses significant therapeutic challenges due to its complex neural and molecular pathophysiology.Emerging evidence suggests that electroacupuncture(EA)at ST36 modulates gastrointestinal function;however,the precise neuromolecular pathways underlying its efficacy in DGP remain incompletely defined.AIM To elucidate the neural mechanisms underlying EA at ST36 improving DGP gastric motility through the nucleus tractus solitarius(NTS)-vagal axis.METHODS The DGP model was established via a single high-dose intraperitoneal injection of 2%streptozotocin combined with an 8-week high-sugar/high-fat diet.Interventions included EA at ST36,pharmacological modulation[choline acetyltransferase(ChAT)agonist polygalacic acid(PA)and inhibitor antagonist alpha-NETA],and subdiaphragmatic vagotomy.Post-intervention observations included body weight and blood glucose levels.Gastric emptying was evaluated using phenol red assays,gastric slow-wave recordings,and dynamic positron emission tomography-computed tomography imaging.Histopathological analysis(hematoxylineosin staining)and molecular assessments(Western blot,immunofluorescence)were performed to quantify gastric smooth muscle-associated factors[neuronal nitric oxide synthase(nNOS),cluster of differentiation 117(C-kit),stem cell factor(SCF)]and vagal targets[ChAT,α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor(α7nAChR)]in the ST36 acupoint region,L4-L6 spinal segments,and NTS.Gastrointestinal peptides[gastrin(Gas),motilin(MLT)and vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP)]were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTS The study found that EA significantly increased the rate of gastric emptying,restored the slow-wave rhythms of the stomach,and improved the architecture of the smooth muscles in the stomach.This was evidenced by a reduction in inflammatory infiltration and an increase in the expression of nNOS,C-kit,and SCF.Mechanistically,EA activated vagal targets(ChAT andα7nAChR)at ST36,transmitting signals via spinal segments L4-L6 to the NTS,subsequently regulating gastrointestinal peptides(Gas,MLT,VIP)and restoring interstitial cells of Cajal(ICCs)function via subdiaphragmatic vagal efferent pathways.It is crucial to note that subdiaphragmatic vagotomy led to the abrogation of EA-induced enhancements in gastric motility and ICC recovery,thereby confirming the indispensable role of vagal efferent signalling.CONCLUSION EA provides a novel molecular mechanism for improving gastrointestinal motility in DGP via a peripheral stimulation(ST36),spinal afferent(L4-L6),brainstem integration(NTS),vagal efferent(gastric)circuit.展开更多
Energy-variable gamma-rays are produced in Laser Compton Slant-scattering mode at the Shanghai Laser Electron Gamma Source(SLEGS),a beamline of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(also called Shanghai Light So...Energy-variable gamma-rays are produced in Laser Compton Slant-scattering mode at the Shanghai Laser Electron Gamma Source(SLEGS),a beamline of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(also called Shanghai Light Source).Based on the SLEGS energy-variable gamma-ray beam,a positron generation system composed of a gamma-ray-driven section,positron-generated target,magnet separation section and positron experimental section was designed for SLEGS.Geant4 simulation results show that the energy tunable positron beam in the energy range of 1–12.9 MeV with a flux of 3.7×10^(4)–6.9×10^(5)e^(+)∕s can be produced in this positron generation system.The positron beam generation and separation provide favorable experimental conditions for conducting nondestructive positron testing on SLEGS in the future.The positron generation system is currently under construction and will be completed in 2025.展开更多
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD),including ulcerative colitis(UC)and Crohn’s disease(CD),are chronic gastrointestinal disorders with an increasing global prevalence and significant healthcare impact.The ex...BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD),including ulcerative colitis(UC)and Crohn’s disease(CD),are chronic gastrointestinal disorders with an increasing global prevalence and significant healthcare impact.The exact etiology of this condition remains unclear.Neutrophils play a critical role in IBD pathogenesis.Translocator protein(TSPO),a mitochondrial protein linked to immune responses,has demonstrated potential as an inflammatory marker.However,its role in IBD remains underexplored.AIM To investigate the role of TSPO in IBD pathogenesis,particularly in neutrophils.METHODS Bioinformatics analyses of Gene Expression Omnibus datasets(GE75214,GSE94648,GSE156776)assessed TSPO expression in IBD patients.TSPO expression was evaluated in human IBD samples,neutrophiles and a chronic colitis mouse model.Neutrophil function was examined in 18 samples using reactive oxygen species(ROS)production and neutrophil extracellular trap(NET)formation assays.Positron emission tomography-computed tomography(PET-CT)imaging and histology from 12 mice revealed TSPO expression in colitis.PET-CT and immunofluorescence staining assessed TSPO expression in brain under neuroinflammation condition.RESULTS Bioinformatics analysis revealed elevated TSPO expression in the intestinal mucosa and peripheral blood of patients with IBD,especially in neutrophils.This was confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical staining,which showed a significant upregulation of TSPO in active IBD.Neutrophils from patients with UC and CD exhibited higher TSPO expression,which correlated with increased ROS production and NET formation.In a mouse model of dextran sodium sulfate-induced chronic colitis,TSPO was upregulated in the colonic neutrophils and brain tissues,indicating its systemic involvement.PET-CT imaging showed enhanced TSPO uptake in the inflamed colon and brain regions,particularly in the microglia,highlighting neuroinflammation.CONCLUSION TSPO is significantly upregulated in neutrophils in IBD and contributes to intestinal inflammation.Its elevated expression in gut highlights its potential as a promising therapeutic target for IBD.展开更多
Background:Intermediate-risk prostate cancer(IR-PC)represents a heterogeneous group requiring nuanced treatment approaches,and recent advancements in radiotherapy(RT),androgen deprivation therapy(ADT),and prostatespec...Background:Intermediate-risk prostate cancer(IR-PC)represents a heterogeneous group requiring nuanced treatment approaches,and recent advancements in radiotherapy(RT),androgen deprivation therapy(ADT),and prostatespecific membrane antigen positron emission tomography(PSMA-PET/CT)imaging have prompted growing interest in personalized,risk-adapted management strategies.This study by the Turkish Society for Radiation Oncology aims to examine radiation oncologists’practices in managing IR-PC,focusing on RT and imaging modalities to identify trends for personalized treatments.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted among Turkish radiation oncologists treating at least 50 prostate cancer(PC)cases annually.The 22-item questionnaire covered IR-PC management aspects such as risk stratification,imaging preferences,androgen deprivation therapy(ADT)use and duration,RT techniques,and treatment combinations.Anonymous responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics.Results:Thirty radiation oncologists participated,57%with over 20 years of experience.The median annual number of PC cases treated was 130.For risk stratification,43% followed the National Comprehensive Cancer Network(NCCN)guidelines,while 30%used the D’Amico classification.Imaging preferences revealed 47% favored PSMA-PET/CT.External beam RT was universally preferred,with 60% adopting ultra-hypofractionation.ADT was used by 97%,with 73% recommending it for unfavorable IR-PC cases.Short-term ADT(4–6 months)was the standard,administered concurrently with RT by 57%.Cardiovascular status influenced decisions for 97% of respondents,while 37% also considered patient age,preferences,and sexual health.Conclusions:This national survey demonstrates a shift toward personalized care in intermediate-risk prostate cancer in Turkey,marked by selective PSMA-PET/CT use,tailored ADT,and evolving radiotherapy practices.The findings underscore the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration—particularly between urologists and radiation oncologists—to optimize imaging integration and treatment outcomes.展开更多
Alveolar soft tissue sarcoma is a rare malignant tumor of soft tissue,more common in young women,with deep soft tissues in the limbs and buttocks being the most prevalent sites.There are few reported cases in clinical...Alveolar soft tissue sarcoma is a rare malignant tumor of soft tissue,more common in young women,with deep soft tissues in the limbs and buttocks being the most prevalent sites.There are few reported cases in clinical practice.The clinical manifestations lack specificity and the imaging signs are diverse.This case presents ultrasound,MRI and PET/CT images of alveolar soft tissue sarcoma of the gluteus maximus muscle to enhance readers’understanding and awareness of the imaging signs of this rare disease in order to raise awareness of its diagnosis.The characteristics of this case are summarized and reported in combination with domestic literature.展开更多
文摘The nonlinear propagation of positron acoustic periodic （PAP） travelling waves in a magnetoplasma composed of dynamic cold positrons, superthermal kappa distributed hot positrons and electrons, and stationary positive ions is examined. The reductive perturbation technique is employed to derive a nonlinear Zakharov Kuznetsov equation that governs the essential features of nonlinear PAP travelling waves. Moreover, the bifurcation theory is used to investigate the propagation of nonlinear PAP periodic travelling wave solutions. It is found that kappa distributed hot positrons and electrons provide only the possibility of existence of nonlinear compressive PAP travelling waves. It is observed that the superthermality of hot positrons, the concentrations of superthermal electrons and positrons, the positron cyclotron frequency, the direction cosines of wave vector k along the z-axis, and the concentration of ions play pivotal roles in the nonlinear propagation of PAP travelling waves. Tile present investigation may be used to understand the formation of PAP structures in the space and laboratory plasmas with superthermal hot positrons and electrons.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20374038)
文摘A series of polyurethane/epoxy resin interpenetrating polymer networks （PU/ER IPN） were studied by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy （PALS）. The effects of epoxy resin type and content on the free volume properties in IPN were investigated. We found that in PU/ER IPN, the free volume hole size and fractional free volume showed a negative deviation due to closer segmental chain packing through some chemical bonding between PU and epoxy resin. Direct relationship between the gas permeability and the free volume has been established based on the free volume theory. Experimental results revealed that the free volume plays an important role in determining the gas diffusion and permeability.
文摘Through the use of a reductive perturbation technique, solitary kinetic Alfvén waves（KAWs） are investigated in a low but finite b（particle-to-magnetic pressure ratio） dense electron–positron–ion plasma where electrons and positrons are degenerate. The degenerate plasma model considered here permits the existence of sub-Alfvénic compressive solitary KAWs. The influence of r（equilibrium positron-to-ion density ratio）, sF（electron-to-positron Fermi temperature ratio）, b and obliqueness parameter lzon various characteristics of solitary KAWs are examined through numerical plots. We have shown that there exists a critical value of lzat which a soliton width attains its maximum value which decreases with an increase in r and sF.It is also found that solitons with a higher energy propagate more obliquely in the direction of an ambient magnetic field. The results of the present investigation may be useful for understanding low frequency nonlinear electromagnetic wave propagation in magnetized electron–positron–ion plasmas in dense stars. Specifically, the relevance of our investigation to a pulsar magnetosphere is emphasized.
文摘Understanding the neural underpinning of human gait and balance is one of the most pertinent challenges for 21st-century translational neuroscience due to the profound impact that falls and mobility disturbances have on our aging population.Posture and gait control does not happen automatically,as previously believed,but rather requires continuous involvement of central nervous mechanisms.To effectively exert control over the body,the brain must integrate multiple streams of sensory information,including visual,vestibular,and somatosensory signals.The mechanisms which underpin the integration of these multisensory signals are the principal topic of the present work.Existing multisensory integration theories focus on how failure of cognitive processes thought to be involved in multisensory integration leads to falls in older adults.Insufficient emphasis,however,has been placed on specific contributions of individual sensory modalities to multisensory integration processes and cross-modal interactions that occur between the sensory modalities in relation to gait and balance.In the present work,we review the contributions of somatosensory,visual,and vestibular modalities,along with their multisensory intersections to gait and balance in older adults and patients with Parkinson’s disease.We also review evidence of vestibular contributions to multisensory temporal binding windows,previously shown to be highly pertinent to fall risk in older adults.Lastly,we relate multisensory vestibular mechanisms to potential neural substrates,both at the level of neurobiology(concerning positron emission tomography imaging)and at the level of electrophysiology(concerning electroencephalography).We hope that this integrative review,drawing influence across multiple subdisciplines of neuroscience,paves the way for novel research directions and therapeutic neuromodulatory approaches,to improve the lives of older adults and patients with neurodegenerative diseases.
基金supported by the Research Project of the Shanghai Health Commission,No.2020YJZX0111(to CZ)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82021002(to CZ),82272039(to CZ),82171252(to FL)+1 种基金a grant from the National Health Commission of People’s Republic of China(PRC),No.Pro20211231084249000238(to JW)Medical Innovation Research Project of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission,No.21Y11903300(to JG).
文摘Nowadays,presynaptic dopaminergic positron emission tomography,which assesses deficiencies in dopamine synthesis,storage,and transport,is widely utilized for early diagnosis and differential diagnosis of parkinsonism.This review provides a comprehensive summary of the latest developments in the application of presynaptic dopaminergic positron emission tomography imaging in disorders that manifest parkinsonism.We conducted a thorough literature search using reputable databases such as PubMed and Web of Science.Selection criteria involved identifying peer-reviewed articles published within the last 5 years,with emphasis on their relevance to clinical applications.The findings from these studies highlight that presynaptic dopaminergic positron emission tomography has demonstrated potential not only in diagnosing and differentiating various Parkinsonian conditions but also in assessing disease severity and predicting prognosis.Moreover,when employed in conjunction with other imaging modalities and advanced analytical methods,presynaptic dopaminergic positron emission tomography has been validated as a reliable in vivo biomarker.This validation extends to screening and exploring potential neuropathological mechanisms associated with dopaminergic depletion.In summary,the insights gained from interpreting these studies are crucial for enhancing the effectiveness of preclinical investigations and clinical trials,ultimately advancing toward the goals of neuroregeneration in parkinsonian disorders.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFA0400200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11722328, 11773075, and U1738205)+1 种基金the 100 Talents Program of Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. 2016288)
文摘The DArk Matter Particle Explorer （DAMPE） is a satellite-borne, high-energy particle and 3,-ray detector, which is dedicated to indirectly detecting particle dark matter and studying high-energy astrophysics. The first results about precise measurement of the cosmic ray electron plus positron spectrum between 25 GeV and 4.6 TeV were published recently. The DAMPE spectrum reveals an interesting spectral softening arount 0.9 TeV and a tentative peak around 1.4 TeV. These results have inspired extensive discussion. The detector of DAMPE, the data analysis, and the first results are introduced. In particular, the physical interpretations of the DAMPE data are reviewed.
文摘Malignant tumours always threaten human health.For tumour diagnosis,positron emission tomography(PET)is the most sensitive and advanced imaging technique by radiotracers,such as radioactive^(18)F,^(11)C,^(64)Cu,^(68)Ga,and^(89)Zr.Among the radiotracers,the radioactive^(18)F-labelled chemical agent as PET probes plays a predominant role in monitoring,detecting,treating,and predicting tumours due to its perfect half-life.In this paper,the^(18)F-labelled chemical materials as PET probes are systematically summarized.First,we introduce various radionuclides of PET and elaborate on the mechanism of PET imaging.It highlights the^(18)F-labelled chemical agents used as PET probes,including[^(18)F]-2-deoxy-2-[^(18)F]fluoro-D-glucose([^(18)F]-FDG),^(18)F-labelled amino acids,^(18)F-labelled nucleic acids,^(18)F-labelled receptors,^(18)F-labelled reporter genes,and^(18)F-labelled hypoxia agents.In addition,some PET probes with metal as a supplementary element are introduced briefly.Meanwhile,the^(18)F-labelled nanoparticles for the PET probe and the multi-modality imaging probe are summarized in detail.The approach and strategies for the fabrication of^(18)F-labelled PET probes are also described briefly.The future development of the PET probe is also prospected.The development and application of^(18)F-labelled PET probes will expand our knowledge and shed light on the diagnosis and theranostics of tumours.
文摘Biliary tract cancer(BTC)is a group of heterogeneous sporadic diseases,including intrahepatic,hilar,and distal cholangiocarcinoma,as well as gallbladder cancer.BTC is characterized by high invasiveness and extremely poor prognosis,with a global increased incidence due to intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC).The 18Ffludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography(PET)computed tomography(18F-FDG PET/CT)combines glucose metabolic information(reflecting the glycolytic activity of tumor cells)with anatomical structure to assess tumor metabolic heterogeneity,systemic metastasis,and molecular characteristics noninvasively,overcoming the limitations of traditional imaging in the detection of micrometastases and recurrent lesions.18F-FDG PET/CT offers critical insights in clinical staging,therapeutic evaluation,and prognostic prediction of BTC.This article reviews research progress in this field over the past decade,with a particular focus on the advances made in the last 3 years,which have not been adequately summarized and recognized.The research paradigm in this field is shifting from qualitative to quantitative studies,and there have been significant breakthroughs in using 18F-FDG PET/CT metabolic information to predict gene expression in ICC.Radiomics and deep learning techniques have been applied to ICC for prognostic prediction and differential diagnosis.Additionally,PET/magnetic resonance imaging is increasingly demonstrating its value in this field.
文摘Soft tissue sarcomas(STS)are rare malignant tumors originating from mesoder-mal tissues with a poor prognosis,accounting for approximately 1%of all malig-nancies and comprising around 50 distinct subtypes.Conventional imaging mo-dalities,such as computed tomography(CT)and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),primarily provide anatomical information,whereas 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT(18F-FDG PET/CT)integrates functional metabolic and anatomical imaging,serving as a critical complementary tool in the diagnosis and management of STS.This article reviews recent advances in the application of 18F-FDG PET/CT for STS.The advantages of 18F-FDG PET/CT in STS include:(1)Early detection of metabolic activity changes in tumors,partic-ularly when morphological alterations are insignificant;(2)Effective differen-tiation between benign and malignant soft tissue tumors,as well as aiding in distinguishing high-grade from low-grade sarcomas;(3)Identification of occult metastatic lesions,improving staging accuracy,and facilitating restaging in cases of recurrence or metastasis;(4)Utilization of parameters such as maximum stan-dardized uptake value and metabolic tumor volume to assist in tumor grading and prognostic evaluation;and(5)Monitoring treatment response to guide adjust-ments in personalized therapeutic strategies.However,18F-FDG PET/CT has limitations in diagnosis of certain STS subtypes(e.g.,myxoid liposarcoma),detection and biopsy of metastatic lymph nodes,necessitating integration with clinical evaluation and other imaging techniques.18F-FDG PET/CT is poised to play an increasingly vital role in the precision diagnosis and treatment of STS.
文摘Glioblastoma multiforme(GBM)are the most aggressive and common tumors in the central nervous system.GBM are classified as grade IV according to the World Health Organization.The incidence of GBM slightly differs among countries.The etiology of GBM has not been entirely clarified.No risk factors such as smoking,chemicals or dietary can be identified for GBM.Only the exposure to high radiation dose such as radiotherapy of head and neck cancers have been reported to increase the risk of glioma tumors.In this review,the authors attempted to cover several aspects of GBM.This review was based on a collection of recent publications from different research fields but all related to GBM in order to shed the light on this disease.We highlighted the current insights of GBM in the aspects of epidemiology,pathogenesis,etiology,molecular genetics,imaging technologies,artificial intelligence and treatment.A literature review was conducted for GBM with relevant keywords.Although GBM was known since several decades,its causes are still confounding,and its early detection is often unpredictable.Since the hereditary aspect of GBM is very low,there remains as the common symptoms the interference with normal brain function,memory loss,unusual behavior,headaches and seizures.The progress in GBM treatment is not satisfactory even with the deployment of huge efforts and financial costs in many domains like gene therapy,surgery and chemoradiotherapy.Despite the rapid developments of the standard treatment for GBM,the trend of survival rate did not change among years.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52201008,52372003)Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China(ZD2023E004)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(3072020CF2515,3072022CFJ2504)the State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics(SKLPDE-KF-202311)。
文摘Mechano luminescence(ML),which involves the emission of light under mechanical stimuli,shows great potential in various applications such as sensing,imaging,and energy harvesting.Current research suggests that the luminescence mechanism of ML is typically connected to specific defects present within the material.In this study,we focus on the investigation of ML defects in Pr^(3+)-doped NaNbO_(3)/LiNbO_(3)heterojunctions,employing a combination of experimental and theoretical approaches.Through experimental analysis,we confirmed the presence of the heterojunction and its influence on ML intensity,and the optimal doping ratio for the heterojunction in ML was established.Furthermore,we examined the influence of varying Pr^(3+)doping concentrations on ML behavior and a proof-of-concept was demonstrated using the X-rays charged heterostructural phosphor as a stress sensor for biological applications.The position and concentration of internal defects in the ML material were scrutinized through thermo luminescence tests employing the variable heating rate method and positron annihilation.Complementing the experimental findings,theoretical simulations were conducted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms responsible for the observed ML defects.Density functional theory calculations were employed to investigate the energy levels,charge transfer processes,and lattice distortions within the heterojunctions under mechanical stress.Theoretical predictions were compared and validated against the experimental results.The integration of experimental and theoretical approaches provides a comprehensive understanding of the ML behavior of Pr^(3+)-doped NaNbO_(3)/LiNbO_(3)heterojunctions.The insights gained from this research contribute to the development of novel ML materials and pave the way for their applications in next-generation sensing and energy conversion devices.
文摘Correction:Nuclear Science and Techniques(2025)36:4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-024-01548-5 In this article,the caption for Fig(s)1,3,and 4 was inadvert-ently truncated.The incorrect and the corrected captions are given below.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12005289,52072397)State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Detection and Electronics,University of Science and Technology of China(SKLPDE-KF-202316).
文摘The stability of matrix graphite under neutron irradiation and in corrosive environments is crucial for the safe operation of molten salt reactors(MSRs).Raman spectroscopy and a slow positron beam were employed to investigate the effects of He ion irradiation fluences and subsequent annealing on the microstructure and defects of the matrix graphite.He ions with 500 keV energy and fluences ranging from 1.1×10^(15)ions∕cm^(2)to 3.5×10^(17)ions∕cm^(2)were used to simulate neutron irradiation at 300 K.The samples with an irradiation fluence of 3.5×10^(16)ions∕cm^(2)were subjected to isochronal annealing at different temperatures(573 K,873 K and 1173 K)for 3 h.The Raman results revealed that the D peak gradually increased,whereas the intrinsic G peak decreased with increasing irradiation fluence.At the same irradiation fluence,the D peak gradually decreased,whereas the intrinsic G peak increased with increasing annealing temperature.Slow positron beam analysis demonstrated that the density or size of irradiation defects(vacancy type)increased with higher irradiation fluence,but decreased rapidly with increasing annealing temperature.The Raman spectral analysis of sample cross sections subjected to high irradiation fluences revealed the emergence of amorphization precisely at the depth where ion damage was most pronounced,whereas the surface retained its crystalline structure.Raman and positron annihilation analyses indicated that the matrix graphite exhibited good irradiation resistance to He ions at 300 K.However,vacancy-type defects induced by He ion irradiation exhibit poor thermal stability and can be easily removed during annealing.
文摘We present the diagnostic performance of[18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography(FDG PET)for adrenal incidentalomas based on lesion size and unenhanced computed tomography(CT)density in Hounsfield units(HU),following current literature and guidelines.A 20 HU cutoff can be applied to differentiate potentially benign from malignant lesions,particularly in ruling in or out adrenocortical carcinoma.While FDG PET provides valuable metabolic information,its likelihood ratios for a positive(LR+)or negative(LR-)result do not exceed the robust diagnostic thresholds of>10.0 or<0.1,respectively.This suggests that positron emission tomography alone is insufficient for definitive characterization and should be integrated with CT or magnetic resonance imaging to leverage their complementary anatomical and functional imaging strengths for optimal diagnostic accuracy.
文摘Brain imaging is important in detecting Mild Cognitive Impairment(MCI)and related dementias.Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI)provides structural insights,while Positron Emission Tomography(PET)evaluates metabolic activity,aiding in the identification of dementia-related pathologies.This study integrates multiple data modalities—T1-weighted MRI,Pittsburgh Compound B(PiB)PET scans,cognitive assessments such as Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE),Clinical Dementia Rating(CDR)and Functional Activities Questionnaire(FAQ),blood pressure parameters,and demographic data—to improve MCI detection.The proposed improved Convolutional Mixer architecture,incorporating B-cos modules,multi-head self-attention,and a custom classifier,achieves a classification accuracy of 96.3%on the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging(MCSA)dataset(sagittal plane),outperforming state-of-the-art models by 5%–20%.On the full dataset,the model maintains a high accuracy of 94.9%,with sensitivity and specificity reaching 89.1%and 98.3%,respectively.Extensive evaluations across different imaging planes confirm that the sagittal plane offers the highest diagnostic performance,followed by axial and coronal planes.Feature visualization highlights contributions from central brain structures and lateral ventricles in differentiating MCI from cognitively normal subjects.These results demonstrate that the proposed multimodal deep learning approach improves accuracy and interpretability in MCI detection.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China,No.2023JJ30462Hunan Provincial Department of Science and Technology,No.2023SK2045,No.22JBZ007 and No.Z2023JB01Graduate Research and Innovation Projects of Hunan Province,No.2024CX031.
文摘BACKGROUND Diabetic gastroparesis(DGP),characterized by delayed gastric emptying and impaired motility,poses significant therapeutic challenges due to its complex neural and molecular pathophysiology.Emerging evidence suggests that electroacupuncture(EA)at ST36 modulates gastrointestinal function;however,the precise neuromolecular pathways underlying its efficacy in DGP remain incompletely defined.AIM To elucidate the neural mechanisms underlying EA at ST36 improving DGP gastric motility through the nucleus tractus solitarius(NTS)-vagal axis.METHODS The DGP model was established via a single high-dose intraperitoneal injection of 2%streptozotocin combined with an 8-week high-sugar/high-fat diet.Interventions included EA at ST36,pharmacological modulation[choline acetyltransferase(ChAT)agonist polygalacic acid(PA)and inhibitor antagonist alpha-NETA],and subdiaphragmatic vagotomy.Post-intervention observations included body weight and blood glucose levels.Gastric emptying was evaluated using phenol red assays,gastric slow-wave recordings,and dynamic positron emission tomography-computed tomography imaging.Histopathological analysis(hematoxylineosin staining)and molecular assessments(Western blot,immunofluorescence)were performed to quantify gastric smooth muscle-associated factors[neuronal nitric oxide synthase(nNOS),cluster of differentiation 117(C-kit),stem cell factor(SCF)]and vagal targets[ChAT,α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor(α7nAChR)]in the ST36 acupoint region,L4-L6 spinal segments,and NTS.Gastrointestinal peptides[gastrin(Gas),motilin(MLT)and vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP)]were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTS The study found that EA significantly increased the rate of gastric emptying,restored the slow-wave rhythms of the stomach,and improved the architecture of the smooth muscles in the stomach.This was evidenced by a reduction in inflammatory infiltration and an increase in the expression of nNOS,C-kit,and SCF.Mechanistically,EA activated vagal targets(ChAT andα7nAChR)at ST36,transmitting signals via spinal segments L4-L6 to the NTS,subsequently regulating gastrointestinal peptides(Gas,MLT,VIP)and restoring interstitial cells of Cajal(ICCs)function via subdiaphragmatic vagal efferent pathways.It is crucial to note that subdiaphragmatic vagotomy led to the abrogation of EA-induced enhancements in gastric motility and ICC recovery,thereby confirming the indispensable role of vagal efferent signalling.CONCLUSION EA provides a novel molecular mechanism for improving gastrointestinal motility in DGP via a peripheral stimulation(ST36),spinal afferent(L4-L6),brainstem integration(NTS),vagal efferent(gastric)circuit.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development program(Nos.2022YFA1602404,2023YFA1606901)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12275338,12388102,and U2441221)the Key Laboratory of Nuclear Data foundation(JCKY2022201C152)xm。
文摘Energy-variable gamma-rays are produced in Laser Compton Slant-scattering mode at the Shanghai Laser Electron Gamma Source(SLEGS),a beamline of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(also called Shanghai Light Source).Based on the SLEGS energy-variable gamma-ray beam,a positron generation system composed of a gamma-ray-driven section,positron-generated target,magnet separation section and positron experimental section was designed for SLEGS.Geant4 simulation results show that the energy tunable positron beam in the energy range of 1–12.9 MeV with a flux of 3.7×10^(4)–6.9×10^(5)e^(+)∕s can be produced in this positron generation system.The positron beam generation and separation provide favorable experimental conditions for conducting nondestructive positron testing on SLEGS in the future.The positron generation system is currently under construction and will be completed in 2025.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82300604Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan Star Project Application Guide/Star Project Incubation(Yangfan Special Program)of Shanghai,No.24YF2727600.
文摘BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD),including ulcerative colitis(UC)and Crohn’s disease(CD),are chronic gastrointestinal disorders with an increasing global prevalence and significant healthcare impact.The exact etiology of this condition remains unclear.Neutrophils play a critical role in IBD pathogenesis.Translocator protein(TSPO),a mitochondrial protein linked to immune responses,has demonstrated potential as an inflammatory marker.However,its role in IBD remains underexplored.AIM To investigate the role of TSPO in IBD pathogenesis,particularly in neutrophils.METHODS Bioinformatics analyses of Gene Expression Omnibus datasets(GE75214,GSE94648,GSE156776)assessed TSPO expression in IBD patients.TSPO expression was evaluated in human IBD samples,neutrophiles and a chronic colitis mouse model.Neutrophil function was examined in 18 samples using reactive oxygen species(ROS)production and neutrophil extracellular trap(NET)formation assays.Positron emission tomography-computed tomography(PET-CT)imaging and histology from 12 mice revealed TSPO expression in colitis.PET-CT and immunofluorescence staining assessed TSPO expression in brain under neuroinflammation condition.RESULTS Bioinformatics analysis revealed elevated TSPO expression in the intestinal mucosa and peripheral blood of patients with IBD,especially in neutrophils.This was confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical staining,which showed a significant upregulation of TSPO in active IBD.Neutrophils from patients with UC and CD exhibited higher TSPO expression,which correlated with increased ROS production and NET formation.In a mouse model of dextran sodium sulfate-induced chronic colitis,TSPO was upregulated in the colonic neutrophils and brain tissues,indicating its systemic involvement.PET-CT imaging showed enhanced TSPO uptake in the inflamed colon and brain regions,particularly in the microglia,highlighting neuroinflammation.CONCLUSION TSPO is significantly upregulated in neutrophils in IBD and contributes to intestinal inflammation.Its elevated expression in gut highlights its potential as a promising therapeutic target for IBD.
文摘Background:Intermediate-risk prostate cancer(IR-PC)represents a heterogeneous group requiring nuanced treatment approaches,and recent advancements in radiotherapy(RT),androgen deprivation therapy(ADT),and prostatespecific membrane antigen positron emission tomography(PSMA-PET/CT)imaging have prompted growing interest in personalized,risk-adapted management strategies.This study by the Turkish Society for Radiation Oncology aims to examine radiation oncologists’practices in managing IR-PC,focusing on RT and imaging modalities to identify trends for personalized treatments.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted among Turkish radiation oncologists treating at least 50 prostate cancer(PC)cases annually.The 22-item questionnaire covered IR-PC management aspects such as risk stratification,imaging preferences,androgen deprivation therapy(ADT)use and duration,RT techniques,and treatment combinations.Anonymous responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics.Results:Thirty radiation oncologists participated,57%with over 20 years of experience.The median annual number of PC cases treated was 130.For risk stratification,43% followed the National Comprehensive Cancer Network(NCCN)guidelines,while 30%used the D’Amico classification.Imaging preferences revealed 47% favored PSMA-PET/CT.External beam RT was universally preferred,with 60% adopting ultra-hypofractionation.ADT was used by 97%,with 73% recommending it for unfavorable IR-PC cases.Short-term ADT(4–6 months)was the standard,administered concurrently with RT by 57%.Cardiovascular status influenced decisions for 97% of respondents,while 37% also considered patient age,preferences,and sexual health.Conclusions:This national survey demonstrates a shift toward personalized care in intermediate-risk prostate cancer in Turkey,marked by selective PSMA-PET/CT use,tailored ADT,and evolving radiotherapy practices.The findings underscore the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration—particularly between urologists and radiation oncologists—to optimize imaging integration and treatment outcomes.
文摘Alveolar soft tissue sarcoma is a rare malignant tumor of soft tissue,more common in young women,with deep soft tissues in the limbs and buttocks being the most prevalent sites.There are few reported cases in clinical practice.The clinical manifestations lack specificity and the imaging signs are diverse.This case presents ultrasound,MRI and PET/CT images of alveolar soft tissue sarcoma of the gluteus maximus muscle to enhance readers’understanding and awareness of the imaging signs of this rare disease in order to raise awareness of its diagnosis.The characteristics of this case are summarized and reported in combination with domestic literature.
