Objective Antiretroviral drugs covered by medical insurance have been gradually used by people living with human immunodeficiency virus(PLWH)in recent years in China.This study aimed to analyze their willingness to pa...Objective Antiretroviral drugs covered by medical insurance have been gradually used by people living with human immunodeficiency virus(PLWH)in recent years in China.This study aimed to analyze their willingness to pay(WTP)for antiretroviral drugs.Methods A mixed-methods study design involving a cross-sectional survey and in-depth interviews was conducted.A cross-sectional survey was performed to collect data on the general characteristics,economic status,antiretroviral therapy(ART)status,and WTP of PLWH in 18 Chinese cities from August 2022 to February 2023.Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the factors associated with WTP.Representatives of PLWH were interviewed via in-depth interviews,and the data were thematically analyzed.Results Among the 941 PLWH,271(28.80%)were willing to pay for antiretroviral drugs covered by medical insurance.For basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents,PLWH with the following characteristics were more willing to pay:an educational level of senior high school or technical secondary school,having an undergraduate degree or higher,frequently working away from their hometowns,and homosexual transmission.Off-farm workers and recipients of government medical aid were more unwilling to pay.For basic medical insurance for urban employees,PLWH with the following characteristics were more willing to pay:frequently working away from their hometowns;homosexual transmission;personal annual income≥100,000 CNY;and adverse events of antiretroviral drugs.The main reasons for PLWH’s WTP for antiretroviral drugs covered by medical insurance were that the drugs had fewer adverse events and were easier to administer.The main reasons for PLWH’s unwillingness to pay were financial difficulties and privacy concerns.Conclusion Nearly one-third of PLWH are willing to pay for antiretroviral drugs covered by medical insurance.In the future,PLWH with a high WTP can be guided to use these drugs.展开更多
虽然抗反转录病毒治疗方案的出现延长了HIV感染者/艾滋病患者(people living with HIV/AIDS,PLWH)的寿命,但是该人群的自杀风险仍然显著高于普通人群。部分PLWH存在自杀意念,有自杀尝试,或有自杀计划。该人群自杀风险居高不下的人口学...虽然抗反转录病毒治疗方案的出现延长了HIV感染者/艾滋病患者(people living with HIV/AIDS,PLWH)的寿命,但是该人群的自杀风险仍然显著高于普通人群。部分PLWH存在自杀意念,有自杀尝试,或有自杀计划。该人群自杀风险居高不下的人口学因素主要是性别、性取向、年龄和宗教种族等;社会心理因素主要是压力源(压力创伤性事件、社会人际关系问题和精神疾病)、污名化及隐瞒病史等。PLWH社会人际关系问题包括歧视、社会孤立感和社会支持的缺乏等,精神疾病包括抑郁障碍、焦虑障碍和物质使用障碍等。政府及相关组织可以通过研究和改善这些社会心理因素来降低PLWH的自杀风险。展开更多
Background:The Brief COPE instrument has been utilized to conduct research on various populations,including people living with HIV(PLWH).However,the questionnaire constructs when applied to PLWH have not been subjecte...Background:The Brief COPE instrument has been utilized to conduct research on various populations,including people living with HIV(PLWH).However,the questionnaire constructs when applied to PLWH have not been subjected to thorough factor validation.Methods:A total of 258 PLWH were recruited from two provinces of China.They answered questions involving the scales of three instruments:the Brief COPE,the Perceived Social Support Scale,and the Perceived Discrimination Scale for PLWH.Confirmatory factor analysis(CFA)and exploratory factor analysis(EFA)were conducted.Results:The CFA found a poor goodness of fit to the data.The subsequent EFA identified six preliminary factors,forming subscales with Cronbach’s alphas,which ranged from 0.61 to 0.80.Significant correlation coefficients between the subscales and measures of perceived social support and perceived discrimination were reported,giving preliminary support to the validity of the new empirical factor structure.Conclusion:This study showed that the original factor structure of the Brief COPE instrument,when applied to PLWH in China,did not fit the data.Thus,the Brief COPE should be applied to various populations and cultures with caution.The new factor structure established by the EFA is only preliminary and requires further validation.展开更多
Introduction In December 2019,multiple cases of aggravated pneumonia of unidentified origin were reported inWuhan,China.These were confirmed to be caused by a novel coronavirus.The World Health Organization(WHO)named ...Introduction In December 2019,multiple cases of aggravated pneumonia of unidentified origin were reported inWuhan,China.These were confirmed to be caused by a novel coronavirus.The World Health Organization(WHO)named the disease coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses officially identified the novel virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARSCoV-2).[1]Although China is now a low endemic areawith a downward trend in the number of confirmed and suspected cases,[2]the threat of the COVID-19 pandemic remains critical.By mid-March 2022,the cumulative number of reported confirmed cases of COVID-19 worldwide exceeded 450 million,with more than 6 million deaths.[3]Since there is no specific therapeutic drug for the treatment of COVID-19,it is important to control the epidemic by actively promoting SARS-CoV-2 vaccination globally,reducing the risk of viral transmission and the incidence of severe COVID-19,thus improving prognoses.[4]展开更多
Over the past few years,the human virome and its complex interactions with microbial communities and the immune system have gained recognition as a crucial factor in human health.Individuals with compromised immune fu...Over the past few years,the human virome and its complex interactions with microbial communities and the immune system have gained recognition as a crucial factor in human health.Individuals with compromised immune function encounter distinctive challenges due to their heightened vulnerability to a diverse range of infectious diseases.This review aims to comprehensively explore and analyze the growing evidence regarding the role of the virome in immunocompromised disease status.By surveying the latest literature,we present a detailed overview of virome alterations observed in various immunodeficiency conditions.We then delve into the influence and mechanisms of these virome changes on the pathogenesis of specific diseases in immunocompromised individuals.Furthermore,this review explores the clinical relevance of virome studies in the context of immunodeficiency,highlighting the potential diagnostic and therapeutic gains from a better understanding of virome contributions to disease manifestations.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant No.72374186]。
文摘Objective Antiretroviral drugs covered by medical insurance have been gradually used by people living with human immunodeficiency virus(PLWH)in recent years in China.This study aimed to analyze their willingness to pay(WTP)for antiretroviral drugs.Methods A mixed-methods study design involving a cross-sectional survey and in-depth interviews was conducted.A cross-sectional survey was performed to collect data on the general characteristics,economic status,antiretroviral therapy(ART)status,and WTP of PLWH in 18 Chinese cities from August 2022 to February 2023.Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the factors associated with WTP.Representatives of PLWH were interviewed via in-depth interviews,and the data were thematically analyzed.Results Among the 941 PLWH,271(28.80%)were willing to pay for antiretroviral drugs covered by medical insurance.For basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents,PLWH with the following characteristics were more willing to pay:an educational level of senior high school or technical secondary school,having an undergraduate degree or higher,frequently working away from their hometowns,and homosexual transmission.Off-farm workers and recipients of government medical aid were more unwilling to pay.For basic medical insurance for urban employees,PLWH with the following characteristics were more willing to pay:frequently working away from their hometowns;homosexual transmission;personal annual income≥100,000 CNY;and adverse events of antiretroviral drugs.The main reasons for PLWH’s WTP for antiretroviral drugs covered by medical insurance were that the drugs had fewer adverse events and were easier to administer.The main reasons for PLWH’s unwillingness to pay were financial difficulties and privacy concerns.Conclusion Nearly one-third of PLWH are willing to pay for antiretroviral drugs covered by medical insurance.In the future,PLWH with a high WTP can be guided to use these drugs.
文摘虽然抗反转录病毒治疗方案的出现延长了HIV感染者/艾滋病患者(people living with HIV/AIDS,PLWH)的寿命,但是该人群的自杀风险仍然显著高于普通人群。部分PLWH存在自杀意念,有自杀尝试,或有自杀计划。该人群自杀风险居高不下的人口学因素主要是性别、性取向、年龄和宗教种族等;社会心理因素主要是压力源(压力创伤性事件、社会人际关系问题和精神疾病)、污名化及隐瞒病史等。PLWH社会人际关系问题包括歧视、社会孤立感和社会支持的缺乏等,精神疾病包括抑郁障碍、焦虑障碍和物质使用障碍等。政府及相关组织可以通过研究和改善这些社会心理因素来降低PLWH的自杀风险。
文摘Background:The Brief COPE instrument has been utilized to conduct research on various populations,including people living with HIV(PLWH).However,the questionnaire constructs when applied to PLWH have not been subjected to thorough factor validation.Methods:A total of 258 PLWH were recruited from two provinces of China.They answered questions involving the scales of three instruments:the Brief COPE,the Perceived Social Support Scale,and the Perceived Discrimination Scale for PLWH.Confirmatory factor analysis(CFA)and exploratory factor analysis(EFA)were conducted.Results:The CFA found a poor goodness of fit to the data.The subsequent EFA identified six preliminary factors,forming subscales with Cronbach’s alphas,which ranged from 0.61 to 0.80.Significant correlation coefficients between the subscales and measures of perceived social support and perceived discrimination were reported,giving preliminary support to the validity of the new empirical factor structure.Conclusion:This study showed that the original factor structure of the Brief COPE instrument,when applied to PLWH in China,did not fit the data.Thus,the Brief COPE should be applied to various populations and cultures with caution.The new factor structure established by the EFA is only preliminary and requires further validation.
基金supported by the High-Level Public Health Specialized Talents Project of Beijing Municipal Health Commission(2022-2-018)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(CPL-1233)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,81974303)the“Climbing the peak(Dengfeng)”Talent Training Program of Beijing Hospitals Authority(DFL20191701)the Beijing Health Technologies Promotion Program(BHTPP2020)the Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research(BZ0089).
文摘Introduction In December 2019,multiple cases of aggravated pneumonia of unidentified origin were reported inWuhan,China.These were confirmed to be caused by a novel coronavirus.The World Health Organization(WHO)named the disease coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses officially identified the novel virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARSCoV-2).[1]Although China is now a low endemic areawith a downward trend in the number of confirmed and suspected cases,[2]the threat of the COVID-19 pandemic remains critical.By mid-March 2022,the cumulative number of reported confirmed cases of COVID-19 worldwide exceeded 450 million,with more than 6 million deaths.[3]Since there is no specific therapeutic drug for the treatment of COVID-19,it is important to control the epidemic by actively promoting SARS-CoV-2 vaccination globally,reducing the risk of viral transmission and the incidence of severe COVID-19,thus improving prognoses.[4]
基金supported by grants from the Start-up Foundation of Tsinghua University(No.400-53332101822)the Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences(No.045-61000100122)+4 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2021YFC2301900 and 2021YFC2301905)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32200036 and 81974303)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Nos.L222068 and Z220018)the High-Level Public Health Specialized Talents Project of Beijing Municipal Health Commission(No.2022-2-018)the Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research(No.BZ0089)
文摘Over the past few years,the human virome and its complex interactions with microbial communities and the immune system have gained recognition as a crucial factor in human health.Individuals with compromised immune function encounter distinctive challenges due to their heightened vulnerability to a diverse range of infectious diseases.This review aims to comprehensively explore and analyze the growing evidence regarding the role of the virome in immunocompromised disease status.By surveying the latest literature,we present a detailed overview of virome alterations observed in various immunodeficiency conditions.We then delve into the influence and mechanisms of these virome changes on the pathogenesis of specific diseases in immunocompromised individuals.Furthermore,this review explores the clinical relevance of virome studies in the context of immunodeficiency,highlighting the potential diagnostic and therapeutic gains from a better understanding of virome contributions to disease manifestations.
