The proton ceramic electrochemical cell(PCEC),distinguished by its robust all-solid-state construction,emerges as a particularly promising contender in the realm of hydrogen production technologies.However,inadequate ...The proton ceramic electrochemical cell(PCEC),distinguished by its robust all-solid-state construction,emerges as a particularly promising contender in the realm of hydrogen production technologies.However,inadequate water-storage capability(hydration)and limited proton mobility within conventional PCEC oxygen electrodes hinder the efficiency of water splitting to oxygen,thereby restricting the broader application of PCECs.Here,we report a Ni-doped perovskite oxygen electrode Sr_(2)Fe_(1.4)Ni_(0.1)Mo_(1.5)O_(6-δ)(SFNM),where the incorporation of nickel can effectively amplify the concentration of oxygen vacancies while synergistically enhancing the hydration interaction between water molecules and the perovskite lattice.The enhanced hydration capacity facilitates proton-defect formation and lowers the energy barrier for proton migration.Benefiting from these synergistic enhancements,SFNM demonstrates a substantially reduced polarization resistance of approximately 0.078Ωcm^(2)at700℃under humidified conditions(pH_(2)O=0.1 atm).A PCEC utilizing the SFNM electrode achieves a remarkable current density of 2.60 A cm^(2)with an applied voltage of 1.3 V at 700℃.Furthermore,the PCEC exhibits favorable stability over a duration of 200 h.These outstanding results emphasize the potential of Ni doping to substantially improve both the hydration efficiency and proton mobility within perovskite electrode materials,positioning them as excellent candidates for high-performance PCECs.展开更多
目的制备中药血痛定喷雾剂,并考察其对体外凝血指标的影响。方法通过高分子材料PCEC合成、制备可同时传输疏水性(独一味、祖师麻)和亲水性药物(三七)的高效透皮给药的中药外用喷雾剂——血痛定喷雾剂。结果制备的血痛定喷雾剂纳米粒呈...目的制备中药血痛定喷雾剂,并考察其对体外凝血指标的影响。方法通过高分子材料PCEC合成、制备可同时传输疏水性(独一味、祖师麻)和亲水性药物(三七)的高效透皮给药的中药外用喷雾剂——血痛定喷雾剂。结果制备的血痛定喷雾剂纳米粒呈圆形颗粒状分布,峰形单一,平均粒径32.86 nm,带负电荷,电位-1.79 m V。随着喷雾剂浓度的增加,体外凝血酶时间、部分激活的凝血酶时间降低,凝血酶原时间呈不规律性变化,纤维蛋白原呈先递减后递增的趋势。结论成功制备血痛定喷雾剂,明确其对体外凝血指标的止血作用。展开更多
Protonic ceramic electrolysis cells(PCECs),which permit high-temperature electrolysis of water,exhibit various advantages over conventional solid oxide electrolysis cells(SOECs),including cost-effectiveness and the po...Protonic ceramic electrolysis cells(PCECs),which permit high-temperature electrolysis of water,exhibit various advantages over conventional solid oxide electrolysis cells(SOECs),including cost-effectiveness and the potential to operate at low-/intermediate-temperature ranges with high performance and efficiency.Although many efforts have been made in recent years to improve the electrochemical characteristics of PCECs,certain challenges involved in scaling them up remain unresolved.In the present work,we present a twin approach of combining the tape-calendering method with all-Ni-based functional electrodes with the aim of fabricating a tubular-designed PCEC having an enlarged electrode area(4.6 cm^2).This cell,based on a 25μm-thick BaCe0.5Zr0.3Dy0.2O3-δ proton-conducting electrolyte,a nickelbased cermet and a Pr1.95Ba0.05NiO4+δ oxygen electrode,demonstrates a high hydrogen production rate(19 m L min^-1 at 600℃),which surpasses the majority of results reported for traditional button-or planar-type PCECs.These findings increase the scope for scaling up solid oxide electrochemical cells and maintaining their operability at reducing temperatures.展开更多
Solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs)and electrolysis cells(SOECs)are promising energy conversion devices,on whose basis green hydrogen energy technologies can be developed to support the transition to a carbon-free future.As...Solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs)and electrolysis cells(SOECs)are promising energy conversion devices,on whose basis green hydrogen energy technologies can be developed to support the transition to a carbon-free future.As compared with oxygen-conducting cells,the operational temperatures of protonic ceramic fuel cells(PCFCs)and electrolysis cells(PCECs)can be reduced by several hundreds of degrees(down to low-and intermediatetemperature ranges of 400–700C)while maintaining high performance and efficiency.This is due to the distinctive characteristics of charge carriers for proton-conducting electrolytes.However,despite achieving outstanding lab-scale performance,the prospects for industrial scaling of PCFCs and PCECs remain hazy,at least in the near future,in contrast to commercially available SOFCs and SOECs.In this review,we reveal the reasons for the delayed technological development,which need to be addressed in order to transfer fundamental findings into industrial processes.Possible solutions to the identified problems are also highlighted.展开更多
Protonic ceramic electrolysis cells(PCECs)have attracted significant interest because of their efficiency and environmental sustainability in energy conversion.However,their commercial application is hindered by the a...Protonic ceramic electrolysis cells(PCECs)have attracted significant interest because of their efficiency and environmental sustainability in energy conversion.However,their commercial application is hindered by the absence of effective and robust electrodes capable of operating in harsh environments,such as those characterized by high vapor or CO_(2)concentrations.In this study,we developed a stable steam electrode composed of PrBaMn_(2)O_(5+δ)(PBM)and the durable proton conductor BaZr_(0.85)Y_(0.15)O_(3−δ)(BZY),which was enhanced with the deposition of PrOx nano-catalysts.The composite electrode exhibited a low polarization resistance(~0.34Ω·cm^(2)at 600℃),comparable to that of conventional cobalt-based electrodes.Additionally,extensive testing over hundreds of hours under severe conditions revealed exceptional durability,with no significant degradation observed.Notably,the electrode composited with cube-shaped BZY microcrystals and PBM showed a higher proton conductivity of 2.15×10^(−5)S·cm^(−1)at 500℃,representing an entire order of magnitude greater than that of the electrode composited with irregular nanosized BZY.In addition,the single cell achieved a superior electrolysis current of 2.0 A·cm^(−2)at 700℃and 1.3 V.These findings demonstrate the superiority of constructing an innovative interface between the mixed ionic‒electronic conductor(MIEC)and the proton conductor.Our work presents a promising strategy for designing durable steam electrodes for PCECs through a rational compositing approach.展开更多
One potential solution to the problems of energy storage and conversion is the use of reversible protonic ceramic electrochemical cells(R-PCEC),which are based on the solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC)technology and offer a ...One potential solution to the problems of energy storage and conversion is the use of reversible protonic ceramic electrochemical cells(R-PCEC),which are based on the solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC)technology and offer a flexible route to the generation of renewable fuels.However,the R-PCEC development faces a range of significant challenges,including slow oxygen reaction kinetics,inadequate durability,and poor round-trip efficiency resulting from the inadequacy of an air electrode.To address these issues,we report novel B-sites doped Pr_(0.5)Ba_(0.5)Co_(0.7)Fe_(0.3)O_(3−δ)(PBCF)with varying amounts of Sn as the air electrode for R-PCEC to further enhance electrochemical performance at lower temperatures.At 600℃,R-PCEC with an air electrode consisting of Pr_(0.5)Ba_(0.5)Co_(0.7)Fe_(0.25)Sn_(0.05)O_(3+δ)has achieved peak power density of 1.12 W∙cm^(−2)in the fuel cell mode and current density of 1.79 A∙cm^(−2)in the electrolysis mode at a voltage of 1.3 V.Moreover,R-PCECs have shown good stability in the electrolysis mode of 100 h.This study presents a practical method for developing durable high-performance air electrodes for R-PCECs.展开更多
1999年7月。教育部部长陈至立在网上笞考生及家长提问。问:未来5年我国最紧缺的人才是什么?答:计算机人才。问:未来10年我国最缺乏的人才是什么、答:还是计算机人才。零点公司最近的一项调查显示:加入WTO后.中国最缺的人才排名前三位依...1999年7月。教育部部长陈至立在网上笞考生及家长提问。问:未来5年我国最紧缺的人才是什么?答:计算机人才。问:未来10年我国最缺乏的人才是什么、答:还是计算机人才。零点公司最近的一项调查显示:加入WTO后.中国最缺的人才排名前三位依次是:1.IT人才 2.外贸谈判人才 3.法律人才美国国际数据公司(International Data Cor-poration)研究报告称,目前IT技术人员极度短缺。展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFB4002501)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52202208)
文摘The proton ceramic electrochemical cell(PCEC),distinguished by its robust all-solid-state construction,emerges as a particularly promising contender in the realm of hydrogen production technologies.However,inadequate water-storage capability(hydration)and limited proton mobility within conventional PCEC oxygen electrodes hinder the efficiency of water splitting to oxygen,thereby restricting the broader application of PCECs.Here,we report a Ni-doped perovskite oxygen electrode Sr_(2)Fe_(1.4)Ni_(0.1)Mo_(1.5)O_(6-δ)(SFNM),where the incorporation of nickel can effectively amplify the concentration of oxygen vacancies while synergistically enhancing the hydration interaction between water molecules and the perovskite lattice.The enhanced hydration capacity facilitates proton-defect formation and lowers the energy barrier for proton migration.Benefiting from these synergistic enhancements,SFNM demonstrates a substantially reduced polarization resistance of approximately 0.078Ωcm^(2)at700℃under humidified conditions(pH_(2)O=0.1 atm).A PCEC utilizing the SFNM electrode achieves a remarkable current density of 2.60 A cm^(2)with an applied voltage of 1.3 V at 700℃.Furthermore,the PCEC exhibits favorable stability over a duration of 200 h.These outstanding results emphasize the potential of Ni doping to substantially improve both the hydration efficiency and proton mobility within perovskite electrode materials,positioning them as excellent candidates for high-performance PCECs.
文摘目的制备中药血痛定喷雾剂,并考察其对体外凝血指标的影响。方法通过高分子材料PCEC合成、制备可同时传输疏水性(独一味、祖师麻)和亲水性药物(三七)的高效透皮给药的中药外用喷雾剂——血痛定喷雾剂。结果制备的血痛定喷雾剂纳米粒呈圆形颗粒状分布,峰形单一,平均粒径32.86 nm,带负电荷,电位-1.79 m V。随着喷雾剂浓度的增加,体外凝血酶时间、部分激活的凝血酶时间降低,凝血酶原时间呈不规律性变化,纤维蛋白原呈先递减后递增的趋势。结论成功制备血痛定喷雾剂,明确其对体外凝血指标的止血作用。
基金supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant no. 18-38-20063)the Council of the President of the Russian Federation (scholarship no. СП-161.2018.1) for supporting the studies devoted to new MIEC materials
文摘Protonic ceramic electrolysis cells(PCECs),which permit high-temperature electrolysis of water,exhibit various advantages over conventional solid oxide electrolysis cells(SOECs),including cost-effectiveness and the potential to operate at low-/intermediate-temperature ranges with high performance and efficiency.Although many efforts have been made in recent years to improve the electrochemical characteristics of PCECs,certain challenges involved in scaling them up remain unresolved.In the present work,we present a twin approach of combining the tape-calendering method with all-Ni-based functional electrodes with the aim of fabricating a tubular-designed PCEC having an enlarged electrode area(4.6 cm^2).This cell,based on a 25μm-thick BaCe0.5Zr0.3Dy0.2O3-δ proton-conducting electrolyte,a nickelbased cermet and a Pr1.95Ba0.05NiO4+δ oxygen electrode,demonstrates a high hydrogen production rate(19 m L min^-1 at 600℃),which surpasses the majority of results reported for traditional button-or planar-type PCECs.These findings increase the scope for scaling up solid oxide electrochemical cells and maintaining their operability at reducing temperatures.
文摘Solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs)and electrolysis cells(SOECs)are promising energy conversion devices,on whose basis green hydrogen energy technologies can be developed to support the transition to a carbon-free future.As compared with oxygen-conducting cells,the operational temperatures of protonic ceramic fuel cells(PCFCs)and electrolysis cells(PCECs)can be reduced by several hundreds of degrees(down to low-and intermediatetemperature ranges of 400–700C)while maintaining high performance and efficiency.This is due to the distinctive characteristics of charge carriers for proton-conducting electrolytes.However,despite achieving outstanding lab-scale performance,the prospects for industrial scaling of PCFCs and PCECs remain hazy,at least in the near future,in contrast to commercially available SOFCs and SOECs.In this review,we reveal the reasons for the delayed technological development,which need to be addressed in order to transfer fundamental findings into industrial processes.Possible solutions to the identified problems are also highlighted.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51502136 and 21978133)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK 20211260)the Priority Academic Program Development(PAPD)of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,and the Top-notch Academic Programs Project of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(TAPP).
文摘Protonic ceramic electrolysis cells(PCECs)have attracted significant interest because of their efficiency and environmental sustainability in energy conversion.However,their commercial application is hindered by the absence of effective and robust electrodes capable of operating in harsh environments,such as those characterized by high vapor or CO_(2)concentrations.In this study,we developed a stable steam electrode composed of PrBaMn_(2)O_(5+δ)(PBM)and the durable proton conductor BaZr_(0.85)Y_(0.15)O_(3−δ)(BZY),which was enhanced with the deposition of PrOx nano-catalysts.The composite electrode exhibited a low polarization resistance(~0.34Ω·cm^(2)at 600℃),comparable to that of conventional cobalt-based electrodes.Additionally,extensive testing over hundreds of hours under severe conditions revealed exceptional durability,with no significant degradation observed.Notably,the electrode composited with cube-shaped BZY microcrystals and PBM showed a higher proton conductivity of 2.15×10^(−5)S·cm^(−1)at 500℃,representing an entire order of magnitude greater than that of the electrode composited with irregular nanosized BZY.In addition,the single cell achieved a superior electrolysis current of 2.0 A·cm^(−2)at 700℃and 1.3 V.These findings demonstrate the superiority of constructing an innovative interface between the mixed ionic‒electronic conductor(MIEC)and the proton conductor.Our work presents a promising strategy for designing durable steam electrodes for PCECs through a rational compositing approach.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11875164)Natural Science Foundation of the Higher Education Institutions of Jiangsu Province(No.18KJA430017)U.S.National Science Foundation(No.1832809).
文摘One potential solution to the problems of energy storage and conversion is the use of reversible protonic ceramic electrochemical cells(R-PCEC),which are based on the solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC)technology and offer a flexible route to the generation of renewable fuels.However,the R-PCEC development faces a range of significant challenges,including slow oxygen reaction kinetics,inadequate durability,and poor round-trip efficiency resulting from the inadequacy of an air electrode.To address these issues,we report novel B-sites doped Pr_(0.5)Ba_(0.5)Co_(0.7)Fe_(0.3)O_(3−δ)(PBCF)with varying amounts of Sn as the air electrode for R-PCEC to further enhance electrochemical performance at lower temperatures.At 600℃,R-PCEC with an air electrode consisting of Pr_(0.5)Ba_(0.5)Co_(0.7)Fe_(0.25)Sn_(0.05)O_(3+δ)has achieved peak power density of 1.12 W∙cm^(−2)in the fuel cell mode and current density of 1.79 A∙cm^(−2)in the electrolysis mode at a voltage of 1.3 V.Moreover,R-PCECs have shown good stability in the electrolysis mode of 100 h.This study presents a practical method for developing durable high-performance air electrodes for R-PCECs.
文摘1999年7月。教育部部长陈至立在网上笞考生及家长提问。问:未来5年我国最紧缺的人才是什么?答:计算机人才。问:未来10年我国最缺乏的人才是什么、答:还是计算机人才。零点公司最近的一项调查显示:加入WTO后.中国最缺的人才排名前三位依次是:1.IT人才 2.外贸谈判人才 3.法律人才美国国际数据公司(International Data Cor-poration)研究报告称,目前IT技术人员极度短缺。
