Cervical cancer is the second most common type of cancer among women worldwide. In Sweden cervical cancer is the fifteenth most common cancer among women and accounts for 1.9 percent of all female cancers. The Swedish...Cervical cancer is the second most common type of cancer among women worldwide. In Sweden cervical cancer is the fifteenth most common cancer among women and accounts for 1.9 percent of all female cancers. The Swedish Pap smear screening program is enabling early detection of cell changes in order that treatment may be administered to prevent the development of cancerous cells. There are approximately four hundred and fifty cases of cervical cancer detected each year in Sweden and of these cases, approximately seventy five percent occur in women who do not participate in the screening and testing program. The purpose of this study was to illustrate and examine the reasons why women did not participate in the program even though they had received a notice that they had an appointment for a Pap smear test. In the study fourteen women from a district in the west of Sweden were interviewed. In order to analyse the interviews a qualitative content analysis according to Lundman and Graneheim was used. The analysis resulted in the development of three categories which were identified as communication, treatment and subterfuge (reasons or excuses for not participating). The theme of the study was the professional treatment of the women’s conditions. In the interviews the women emphasize the importance of professional treatment that is administered with respectful and sympathetic care throughout the whole healthcare system regardless of where and when the visit was conducted. Efficient organization and clear communication would minimize the inconvenience for the women during their visit.展开更多
Objective:The biosynthesis of pilose antler polysaccharides(PAPS)with anti-aging activity relies on the precise regulation of key enzymes;however,the identification of these enzymes is limited by traditional low-throu...Objective:The biosynthesis of pilose antler polysaccharides(PAPS)with anti-aging activity relies on the precise regulation of key enzymes;however,the identification of these enzymes is limited by traditional low-throughput techniques.This study constructed an integrated system combining metabolic engineering and high-throughput screening of fluorescent substrates,aiming to overcome the technical bottlenecks in the identification of key enzymes for PAPS synthesis and the optimization of their catalytic efficiency.Methods:Eighteen candidate genes related to carbohydrate metabolism were screened via transcriptome sequencing of deer antler stem cells.After prokaryotic expression and preliminary screening by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),a self-designed fluorescent substrate(FAM-Glc-β1-3-PNPG)combined with a 96-well plate platform was used to achieve high-throughput optimization and screening of catalytic efficiency.Enzyme function was verified through kinetic analysis and in vitro antioxidant experiments.Results:The screened high-efficiency glycosyltransferase UGT-Wnt3a showed a 2.1-fold increase in catalytic efficiency compared with the wild type,with a maximum reaction rate(Vmax)of12.3μmol·min^(-1)·mg^(-1)and a Michaelis constant(Km)of 0.87 mM.The catalytic product of UGT-Wnt3a increased the superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity by 42%(P<0.01)and decreased the malondialdehyde(MDA)content by 28%(P<0.05)in the oxidative damage system.The detection efficiency of the new platform was 9 times higher than that of HPLC,and the limit of detection was reduced by 50 times.Conclusion:The screening system established in this study provides an innovative technical solution for the directed synthesis of PAPS and the development of anti-aging components,promoting the transformation of active components in traditional Chinese medicine from natural extraction to bioengineering-based production.展开更多
文摘Cervical cancer is the second most common type of cancer among women worldwide. In Sweden cervical cancer is the fifteenth most common cancer among women and accounts for 1.9 percent of all female cancers. The Swedish Pap smear screening program is enabling early detection of cell changes in order that treatment may be administered to prevent the development of cancerous cells. There are approximately four hundred and fifty cases of cervical cancer detected each year in Sweden and of these cases, approximately seventy five percent occur in women who do not participate in the screening and testing program. The purpose of this study was to illustrate and examine the reasons why women did not participate in the program even though they had received a notice that they had an appointment for a Pap smear test. In the study fourteen women from a district in the west of Sweden were interviewed. In order to analyse the interviews a qualitative content analysis according to Lundman and Graneheim was used. The analysis resulted in the development of three categories which were identified as communication, treatment and subterfuge (reasons or excuses for not participating). The theme of the study was the professional treatment of the women’s conditions. In the interviews the women emphasize the importance of professional treatment that is administered with respectful and sympathetic care throughout the whole healthcare system regardless of where and when the visit was conducted. Efficient organization and clear communication would minimize the inconvenience for the women during their visit.
文摘Objective:The biosynthesis of pilose antler polysaccharides(PAPS)with anti-aging activity relies on the precise regulation of key enzymes;however,the identification of these enzymes is limited by traditional low-throughput techniques.This study constructed an integrated system combining metabolic engineering and high-throughput screening of fluorescent substrates,aiming to overcome the technical bottlenecks in the identification of key enzymes for PAPS synthesis and the optimization of their catalytic efficiency.Methods:Eighteen candidate genes related to carbohydrate metabolism were screened via transcriptome sequencing of deer antler stem cells.After prokaryotic expression and preliminary screening by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),a self-designed fluorescent substrate(FAM-Glc-β1-3-PNPG)combined with a 96-well plate platform was used to achieve high-throughput optimization and screening of catalytic efficiency.Enzyme function was verified through kinetic analysis and in vitro antioxidant experiments.Results:The screened high-efficiency glycosyltransferase UGT-Wnt3a showed a 2.1-fold increase in catalytic efficiency compared with the wild type,with a maximum reaction rate(Vmax)of12.3μmol·min^(-1)·mg^(-1)and a Michaelis constant(Km)of 0.87 mM.The catalytic product of UGT-Wnt3a increased the superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity by 42%(P<0.01)and decreased the malondialdehyde(MDA)content by 28%(P<0.05)in the oxidative damage system.The detection efficiency of the new platform was 9 times higher than that of HPLC,and the limit of detection was reduced by 50 times.Conclusion:The screening system established in this study provides an innovative technical solution for the directed synthesis of PAPS and the development of anti-aging components,promoting the transformation of active components in traditional Chinese medicine from natural extraction to bioengineering-based production.
