The ovipositor of parasitic insect is a highly specialized organ and crucial for parasitising. Morphology and structure of the ovipositor in female Macrocentrus cingulum, a polyembryonic parasitoid, are observed in SE...The ovipositor of parasitic insect is a highly specialized organ and crucial for parasitising. Morphology and structure of the ovipositor in female Macrocentrus cingulum, a polyembryonic parasitoid, are observed in SEM studies. The ovipositor of M. cingulum consists of the valvulae 1, 2 and 3. The valvulae 1 and 2 of ovipositor house in the valvulae 3 at rest and the valvulae 1 and 2 part from the valvulae 3 at probing and ovipositing. The cross-section of valvulae 3 shows that the valvulae 3 is hollow which may reduce the weight of ovipositor and make the ovipositor more flexible. The distal end of stylus （valvulae l, 2） becomes extremely sharp and the piercing tip of valvulae 1 and 2 form the arrangement of tongue-and-groove. This arrangement may support valvulae 2 slide longitudinally along the valvulae 1. Numbers of pores are distributed on the cuticle of the valvulae l and 2. The piecing tip of valvulae 1 and 2 have more pores than proximal and intermediate region. The out side of valvulae 3 is completely covered with chactica sensilla and the distal end of valvulae 3 has more sensilla than proximal and intermediate region. The function and structure of ovipositor of M. cingulum was discussed and compared with other species.展开更多
The paper provides descriptions and illustrations of the intemal reproductive systems in both sexes of a wide-spread species, Tipula （Yamatotipula） nova, and analyzes the possible usefulness of some internal reprodu...The paper provides descriptions and illustrations of the intemal reproductive systems in both sexes of a wide-spread species, Tipula （Yamatotipula） nova, and analyzes the possible usefulness of some internal reproductive structures for taxonomy in subgenus Tipula （Yamatotipula）. The female ovipositor is described and illustrated for the first time. The original description of the male hypopygium is expanded upon the description of new morphological characters and detailed illustrations.展开更多
Objetive: To explore the potential insecticidal, ovipositor deterrent and antifeedant effects of ethyl acetate extract of the seeds of Senna tora(Syn. Cassia tora) against cowpea weevil(Callosobruchus maculatus).Metho...Objetive: To explore the potential insecticidal, ovipositor deterrent and antifeedant effects of ethyl acetate extract of the seeds of Senna tora(Syn. Cassia tora) against cowpea weevil(Callosobruchus maculatus).Method: The activities were evaluated using standard protocols.In these bioassays, the cowpea seeds were used directly as an insect feed. The activity of the extract and isolated compounds were tested at concentrations of 100, 200 and 300 μg/mL and compared to neem oil and cinnamaldehyde(as standard positive controls). Phytochemical analysis of the ethyl acetate extract was done through a number of chromatographic techniques and the structures of the isolated compounds were established through comprehensive spectroscopic analysis including 2 D-NMR and ESI-MS studies.Results: Fractionation of the active ethyl acetate extract resulted in the isolation of one known anthraquinone,aurantio-obtusin(1) and a novel compound that was named as cassiatorin(2). Compounds1 and 2 showed comparable insect antifeedant properties with the positive controls while their insecticidal and ovipositor deterrent effects were far superior to the standard controls.Conclusions: It is thus concluded that Senna tora extracts and the isolated compounds(1 and2) may be employed in the postharvest management of stored cowpea seeds and as other crop protectants.展开更多
基金Acknowledgements： This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30370195）. We thank Mr QIU, H. G and QIU, Z. L for culture of insects.
文摘The ovipositor of parasitic insect is a highly specialized organ and crucial for parasitising. Morphology and structure of the ovipositor in female Macrocentrus cingulum, a polyembryonic parasitoid, are observed in SEM studies. The ovipositor of M. cingulum consists of the valvulae 1, 2 and 3. The valvulae 1 and 2 of ovipositor house in the valvulae 3 at rest and the valvulae 1 and 2 part from the valvulae 3 at probing and ovipositing. The cross-section of valvulae 3 shows that the valvulae 3 is hollow which may reduce the weight of ovipositor and make the ovipositor more flexible. The distal end of stylus （valvulae l, 2） becomes extremely sharp and the piercing tip of valvulae 1 and 2 form the arrangement of tongue-and-groove. This arrangement may support valvulae 2 slide longitudinally along the valvulae 1. Numbers of pores are distributed on the cuticle of the valvulae l and 2. The piecing tip of valvulae 1 and 2 have more pores than proximal and intermediate region. The out side of valvulae 3 is completely covered with chactica sensilla and the distal end of valvulae 3 has more sensilla than proximal and intermediate region. The function and structure of ovipositor of M. cingulum was discussed and compared with other species.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31300551)the Start-up Grant of Scientific Research from Anqing Normal University(044-K05000130005)
文摘The paper provides descriptions and illustrations of the intemal reproductive systems in both sexes of a wide-spread species, Tipula （Yamatotipula） nova, and analyzes the possible usefulness of some internal reproductive structures for taxonomy in subgenus Tipula （Yamatotipula）. The female ovipositor is described and illustrated for the first time. The original description of the male hypopygium is expanded upon the description of new morphological characters and detailed illustrations.
基金The financial assistance from the Swedish International Development Agency for some of the study (travel grant for Valantine Mbatchou)
文摘Objetive: To explore the potential insecticidal, ovipositor deterrent and antifeedant effects of ethyl acetate extract of the seeds of Senna tora(Syn. Cassia tora) against cowpea weevil(Callosobruchus maculatus).Method: The activities were evaluated using standard protocols.In these bioassays, the cowpea seeds were used directly as an insect feed. The activity of the extract and isolated compounds were tested at concentrations of 100, 200 and 300 μg/mL and compared to neem oil and cinnamaldehyde(as standard positive controls). Phytochemical analysis of the ethyl acetate extract was done through a number of chromatographic techniques and the structures of the isolated compounds were established through comprehensive spectroscopic analysis including 2 D-NMR and ESI-MS studies.Results: Fractionation of the active ethyl acetate extract resulted in the isolation of one known anthraquinone,aurantio-obtusin(1) and a novel compound that was named as cassiatorin(2). Compounds1 and 2 showed comparable insect antifeedant properties with the positive controls while their insecticidal and ovipositor deterrent effects were far superior to the standard controls.Conclusions: It is thus concluded that Senna tora extracts and the isolated compounds(1 and2) may be employed in the postharvest management of stored cowpea seeds and as other crop protectants.
