China’s ambition to build a 12 m aperture optical/infrared telescope in Tibet has been recently challenged by intense disputes over its design options.The Large Optical/Infrared Telescope,or LOT,which will become the...China’s ambition to build a 12 m aperture optical/infrared telescope in Tibet has been recently challenged by intense disputes over its design options.The Large Optical/Infrared Telescope,or LOT,which will become the world’s biggest upon completion before the 30 m-level ones are in place,is expected to give Chinese astronomers a head start in exploring the early universe and exoplanets among other scientific goals.However,optical engineers and scientists are holding on to very different opinions as for what is the best technical route to get there.展开更多
The Infrared Hyperspectral Atmospheric SounderⅡ(HIRAS-Ⅱ)is the key equipment on FengYun-3E(FY-3E)satellite,which can realize vertical atmospheric detection,featuring hyper spectral,high sensitivity and high precisio...The Infrared Hyperspectral Atmospheric SounderⅡ(HIRAS-Ⅱ)is the key equipment on FengYun-3E(FY-3E)satellite,which can realize vertical atmospheric detection,featuring hyper spectral,high sensitivity and high precision.To ensure its accuracy of detection,it is necessary to correlate their thermal models to in-orbit da⁃ta.In this work,an investigation of intelligent correlation method named Intelligent Correlation Platform for Ther⁃mal Model(ICP-TM)was established,the advanced Kriging surrogate model and efficient adaptive region opti⁃mization algorithm were introduced.After the correlation with this method for FY-3E/HIRAS-Ⅱ,the results indi⁃cate that compared with the data in orbit,the error of the thermal model has decreased from 5 K to within±1 K in cold case(10℃).Then,the correlated model is validated in hot case(20℃),and the correlated model exhibits good universality.This correlation precision is also much superiors to the general ones like 3 K in other similar lit⁃erature.Furthermore,the process is finished in 8 days using ICP-TM,the efficiency is much better than 3 months based on manual.The results show that the proposed approach significantly enhances the accuracy and efficiency of thermal model,this contributes to the precise thermal control of subsequent infrared optical payloads.展开更多
Continuing advancement in astronomy,space exploration,and scientific detection,has increased demand for infrared multi-band detection systems.Traditional three-band optical systems,designed to simultaneously image at ...Continuing advancement in astronomy,space exploration,and scientific detection,has increased demand for infrared multi-band detection systems.Traditional three-band optical systems,designed to simultaneously image at infrared short-wave,mid-wave,and long-wave bands typically rely on dispersive elements,leading to bulky sizes,complex system architectures,low efficiency,and challenges in rapid assembly.To overcome these obstacles,in combination with the latest third-generation infrared detectors,we propose a design for a compact and lightweight three-band optical system,with infrared capabilities in all three required bands.The core of this approach is an integrated design philosophy that emphasizes the high steepness of mirror surfaces.This design achieves uniform correction and optimization of chromatic aberration and off-axis aberration across the spectral range.We introduce a novel integration of optical and mechanical elements to replace traditional assembly,reducing manufacturing and assembly errors,and degrees of freedom,associated with high-power optical elements.Confirming the effectiveness through a combination of simulations and experimental comparisons,the measured mid-wave full-field transfer function exceeds 0.405 at 17 lp/mm,satisfying the imaging requirements of the system.The optical system is lightweight and compact,with a total mass under 408 g and a compact volume of justΦ112 mm×117 mm.This serves as a valuable reference for the engineering application of high-performance,compact multi-band infrared composite detection systems for astronomy and space exploration.展开更多
Long-wave infrared(LWIR)micro-metalens arrays have emerged as highly flexible and multifunctional optical elements,significantly enhancing the performance of infrared imaging systems.In this work,two types of chalcoge...Long-wave infrared(LWIR)micro-metalens arrays have emerged as highly flexible and multifunctional optical elements,significantly enhancing the performance of infrared imaging systems.In this work,two types of chalcogenide glass based LWIR micro-metalens arrays with 10×10 array-size and 100%fill factor were designed and investigated.Specifically,the first one possesses a uniform focal length of 110μm,and it can efficiently focus the incident light(9.78μm)into a spot with a full width at half maximum(FWHM)of approximately 11.5μm(~1.18λ).Additionally,the second one features flexible and configurable focal lengths of the respective micro-metalenses in the array,and focal lengths of102μm,149μm,and 182μm can be achieved on one substrate,while it still retains the same optical performance as the micro-metalens array with a single focal length.Overall,these all-chalcogenide glass based LWIR micro-metasurface arrays possess significant potential for integrating within advanced infrared imaging systems in the future.展开更多
Diamond-like AgGaS_(2)(DL AGS),as the typical infrared nonlinear optical(IR NLO)material,has suffered from its intrinsic drawbacks like narrow band gap(E_(g))and low laser-induced damage threshold(LIDT).In this work,b...Diamond-like AgGaS_(2)(DL AGS),as the typical infrared nonlinear optical(IR NLO)material,has suffered from its intrinsic drawbacks like narrow band gap(E_(g))and low laser-induced damage threshold(LIDT).In this work,by first introducing[NaS_(8)]polyhedral unit into the A_(2)^(Ⅰ)Q^(Ⅵ)-Ag_(2)Q^(Ⅵ)-C_(2)^(Ⅲ)Q_(3)^(Ⅵ) system,a new Ag-based sulfide NaAg_(3)Ga_(8)S_(14) with diamond-like framework(DLF)has been successfully synthesized via a high-temperature solid-state method in experiment.The compound shows a wide Eg(~3.0 eV),high LIDT(3.0×AGS)and moderate phase-matching NLO response(~0.7×AGS),effectively balancing the E_(g)(≥3.0 eV)and NLO response(≥0.5×AGS),demonstrating its promise for IR NLO applications.Theoretical calculations elucidate the orbital hybridization between Na 3s,Ag 4d5s and S 3p enhances E_(g),and the aligned NLO-active units([AgS_(4)]and[GaS_(4)])induce moderate NLO response in the compound.These findings not only expand the chemical and structural diversities of Ag-based chalcogenides,but also provide effective strategies for designing DLF functional materials derived from diamond-like structures.展开更多
InP quantum dots(QDs)have been a major building block of modern display technology due to their high photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY)in the visible spectrum,superior stability,and eco-friendly composition.However...InP quantum dots(QDs)have been a major building block of modern display technology due to their high photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY)in the visible spectrum,superior stability,and eco-friendly composition.However,their applications at short-wave infrared(SWIR)have been hindered by their low efficiency.Here,we report the synthesis of efficient and SWIR-emitting InP QDs by precisely controlling the InP core nucleation using a low-cost ammonia phosphorus precursor,while avoiding size-limiting ZnCl_(2) for effective copper doping.Subsequent epitaxial growth of a lattice-matched ZnSe/ZnS multishell enhanced the QD sphericity and surface smoothness and yielded a record PLQY of 66% with an emission peak at 960 nm.When QDs were integrated as the high-refractive-index luminescent core of a liquid waveguide-based luminescent solar concentrator(LSC),the device achieved an optical efficiency of 7.36%.This performance arises from their high PLQY,spectral alignment with the responsivity peak of silicon solar cells,and the optimized core/cladding waveguide structure.These results highlight the potential of InP QDs as a promising nanomaterial for SWIR emission and applications.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the agreement of axial length(AL),anterior chamber parameters,and total cornea power obtained by swept-source optical coherence tomography(SS-OCT)-based and Scheimpflug-based optical biometers in myopi...AIM:To evaluate the agreement of axial length(AL),anterior chamber parameters,and total cornea power obtained by swept-source optical coherence tomography(SS-OCT)-based and Scheimpflug-based optical biometers in myopic children.METHODS:AL,steep keratometry(K),flat K,posterior corneal keratometry(PK),total keratometry(TK),anterior chamber depth(ACD),horizontal corneal diameter(CD),and central corneal thickness(CCT)were obtained using IOL Master 700 and Pentacam AXL.The agreement between the devices was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients(ICC),Bland-Altman plots,and astigmatism vector analysis.RESULTS:Totally 175 myopic children(48.5%male)with a mean age of 10.29±2.14y were enrolled.The ICC and Bland-Altman plots indicated a satisfactory agreement for AL,ACD,and CCT.The mean difference in CD of-0.31±0.30 mm was considered clinically significant(>0.2 mm).Additionally,measurements of K and TK obtained from the IOL Master 700 showed good agreement.Nevertheless,there were clinically significant differences observed in PK,simulated keratometry(simK),total cornea power,and astigmatism(at least 10%of the cases with a difference of>10 degrees in meridian)between the two devices.CONCLUSION:The study findings demonstrate a significant difference in K,PK,astigmatism,and CD,indicating that the two optical biometers cannot be considered interchangeable.Therefore,it is recommended to utilize one kind device for follow-up examinations in myopic children.展开更多
Scalability remains a major challenge in building practical fault-tolerant quantum computers.Currently,the largest number of qubits achieved across leading quantum platforms ranges from hundreds to thousands.In atom a...Scalability remains a major challenge in building practical fault-tolerant quantum computers.Currently,the largest number of qubits achieved across leading quantum platforms ranges from hundreds to thousands.In atom arrays,scalability is primarily constrained by the capacity to generate large numbers of optical tweezers,and conventional techniques using acousto-optic deflectors or spatial light modulators struggle to produce arrays much beyond∼10,000 tweezers.Moreover,these methods require additional microscope objectives to focus the light into micrometer-sized spots,which further complicates system integration and scalability.Here,we demonstrate the experimental generation of an optical tweezer array containing 280×280 spots using a metasurface,nearly an order of magnitude more than most existing systems.The metasurface leverages a large number of subwavelength phase-control pixels to engineer the wavefront of the incident light,enabling both large-scale tweezer generation and direct focusing into micron-scale spots without the need for a microscope.This result shifts the scalability bottleneck for atom arrays from the tweezer generation hardware to the available laser power.Furthermore,the array shows excellent intensity uniformity exceeding 90%,making it suitable for homogeneous single-atom loading and paving the way for trapping arrays of more than 10,000 atoms in the near future.展开更多
In the realm of secure information storage,optical encryption has emerged as a vital technique,particularly with the miniaturization of encryption devices.However,many existing systems lack the necessary reconfigurabi...In the realm of secure information storage,optical encryption has emerged as a vital technique,particularly with the miniaturization of encryption devices.However,many existing systems lack the necessary reconfigurability and dynamic functionality.This study presents a novel approach through the development of dynamic optical-to-chemical energy conversion metamaterials,which enable enhanced steganography and multilevel information storage.We introduce a micro-dynamic multiple encryption device that leverages programmable optical properties in coumarin-based metamaterials,achieved through a direct laser writing grayscale gradient strategy.This methodology allows for the dynamic regulation of photoluminescent characteristics and cross-linking networks,facilitating innovative steganographic techniques under varying light conditions.The integration of a multi-optical field control system enables real-time adjustments to the material’s properties,enhancing the device’s reconfigurability and storage capabilities.Our findings underscore the potential of these metamaterials in advancing the field of microscale optical encryption,paving the way for future applications in dynamic storage and information security.展开更多
In winter 2018,an aerosol physicochemical experiment was conducted in the Western Pacific Ocean(WPO)aboard the Research Vessel KEXUE of Chinese Academy of Sciences.This study systematically investigated both natural a...In winter 2018,an aerosol physicochemical experiment was conducted in the Western Pacific Ocean(WPO)aboard the Research Vessel KEXUE of Chinese Academy of Sciences.This study systematically investigated both natural and anthropogenic effects on marine aerosols optical properties,as well as the applicability of multi-satellite products and IMPROVE equation.The averaged aerosol optical depth(AOD500 nm)was 0.31±0.16 andÅngström exponent440–675 nm was 0.29±0.30.In offshore China,significant anthropogenic emissions affected the marine environment.In remote WPO,dust aerosols transported from northern China,Siberia,Central Asia,and those settling from the upper troposphere originating from north Africa,Arabian peninsula,and western India,were dominant.The spatial trends of AOD were opposite in the mid-latitude and southern seas of WPO.The highest AOD,0.32±0.23,appeared along the coast of South Asia at mid-latitude,decreasing from offshore seas to remote oceans.In low-latitude and equatorial seas,AOD significantly increased from coast to remote oceans.Ångström exponent dropped significantly from the coast to remote oceans as anthropogenic influence diminished across the entire WPO.Correlation analysis showed that both MODIS-C6 and Himawari AOD prod-ucts showed similar applicability in coastal urban areas,while Himawari AOD is highly recommended for coastal background and marine environment due to its finer resolution.The extinction coefficient derived from PM_(2.5) chemical compositions using IMPROVE algorithm exhibited a significant correlation(R^(2)=0.58)with the con-currently measured AOD in the absence of long-distance transport,suggesting that the IMPROVE is a reasonable proxy of the columnar average of marine aerosol extinctions free from transport influences.展开更多
Long-wave infrared （IR） generation based on type-Ⅱ （o→e＋o） phase matching ZnGeP2 （ZGP） and CdSe optical parametric oscillators （OPOs） pumped by a 2.05μm Tm,Ho：GdVO4 laser is reported. The comparisons of t...Long-wave infrared （IR） generation based on type-Ⅱ （o→e＋o） phase matching ZnGeP2 （ZGP） and CdSe optical parametric oscillators （OPOs） pumped by a 2.05μm Tm,Ho：GdVO4 laser is reported. The comparisons of the birefringent walk-off effect and the oscillation threshold between ZGP and CdSe OPOs are performed theoretically and experimentally. For the ZGP OPO, up to 419 mW output at 8.04 μm is obtained at the 8 kHz pump pulse repetition frequency （PRF） with a slope efficiency of 7.6%. This ZGP OPO can be continuously tuned from 7.8 to 8.5 μm. For the CdSe OPO, we demonstrate a 64 mW output at 8.9μm with a single crystal 28 mm in length.展开更多
This paper reports a continuous-wave （CW） mid-infrared intracavity singly resonant optical parametric oscillator based on periodically poled lithium niobate （PPLN） pumped by a diode-end-pumped CW Nd：YVO4 laser. C...This paper reports a continuous-wave （CW） mid-infrared intracavity singly resonant optical parametric oscillator based on periodically poled lithium niobate （PPLN） pumped by a diode-end-pumped CW Nd：YVO4 laser. Considering the thermal lens effects, it adopted an optical ballast lens and the near-concentric cavity for better operation. At the PPLN＇s grating period of 28.5 μm and the temperature of 140℃, the maximum idler output power of 155 mW at 3.86 μm has been achieved when the 808 nm pump power is 8.5 W, leading to an optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 1.82%.展开更多
With rapid advancements in Infra-Red (IR) detection techniques, the range from where the IR-guided missiles are able to lock the target aircraft has increased. To avoid the detection and tracking by modern IR-guided m...With rapid advancements in Infra-Red (IR) detection techniques, the range from where the IR-guided missiles are able to lock the target aircraft has increased. To avoid the detection and tracking by modern IR-guided missiles, the aircraft and helicopters also demand progress in its stealth techniques. Hence, study of Infra-Red Signature Suppression (IRSS) systems in aircraft and helicopters has become vital even in design stage. Optical blocking (masking) is one of the effective IRSS techniques used to block the Line- Of-Sight (LOS) of the hot engine parts of the exhaust geometry. This paper reviews the various patents on IR signature suppression systems based on the optical blocking method or a combination of IRSS techniques. The performance penalties generated due to installation of various IRSS methods in aircraft and helicopters are also discussed.展开更多
We present a compact all-solid-state cw mid-infrared intracavity singly resonant optical parametric oscillator （OPO） that is based on a self-fabricated 1-mm-thick 40-mm-long doped MgO periodically poled lithium niob...We present a compact all-solid-state cw mid-infrared intracavity singly resonant optical parametric oscillator （OPO） that is based on a self-fabricated 1-mm-thick 40-mm-long doped MgO periodically poled lithium niobate （MgO：PPLN）. At a diode pump power of 15.6 W, the compact intracavity Nd：YVO4/MgO：PPLN OPO produced 1.9 W output power at 3.19μm, corresponding to conversion efficiency of 12.2% from the laser diode pump to OPO idler output.展开更多
Detecting and distinguishing infrared radiation for non-invasive medical diagnostic purposes has been attempted for basic surface temperature assessment since the middle of the 20th century.However,the long wavelength...Detecting and distinguishing infrared radiation for non-invasive medical diagnostic purposes has been attempted for basic surface temperature assessment since the middle of the 20th century.However,the long wavelength and low energy of infrared radiation impede the detection of signals from deeper tissue layers,significantly limiting its use in diagnostics.To overcome these limitations,a novel approach was developed by combining a semiconductor gallium arsenide chip and prism-based optics that enabled the detection of signals in the infrared and terahertz spectrum.Challenges related to penetration depth and thermal noises were addressed by neural network modelling.展开更多
Based on the experimental infrared spectral transmittances,an inverse model has been developed to determine the optical constants of the aerosol particles (SiO2 and Al2O3).Combined with the Mie theory and Kramers-Kron...Based on the experimental infrared spectral transmittances,an inverse model has been developed to determine the optical constants of the aerosol particles (SiO2 and Al2O3).Combined with the Mie theory and Kramers-Kronig (K-K) relations,the complex refractive indices of the SiO2 and Al2O3 particles are retrieved.The effects of the measurement errors on the inverse results are also investigated.With the optical constants inversed from the experiment,the discrete ordinate method (DOM) is used to calculate the infrared transmission characteristics of the aerosol particle cloud.Considering the multi-scattering and self-emission of the particles,the equivalent transmittance ratio (ETR) is suggested to evaluate the infrared transmission characteristics of the aerosol particles.Particular attention is given to analyze the effects of the volume fraction and diameters on infrared transmission characteristics.When the volume fraction is larger than 0.001,the particle diameter has little effect on the infrared transmission characteristics.For the uniform monodisperse particles in the detection waveband range of 3-5 μm and 8-12 μm,there exists a critical diameter where the ETR reaches the minimum value.In addition,the ETR of 3-5 μm is smaller than that of 8-12 μm with the same volume fraction and particle diameter.展开更多
This article describes a novel configuration design for a re-imaging off-axis catadioptric space infrared optical system,and in order to satisfy the signal noise ratio requirements of the system,the stray light of the...This article describes a novel configuration design for a re-imaging off-axis catadioptric space infrared optical system,and in order to satisfy the signal noise ratio requirements of the system,the stray light of the system is necessary to analyze and restrain. The optical system with a focal length of 1 200 mm,an entrance pupil diameter of 600 mm,an F-number of 2,a field of view of 3°× 0. 15°,a working wave band of 8 μm-10 μm,and the image quality of the optical system almost approach to diffraction limits in all field of view.Then the mathematical models of stray light are built,and the suppressive structure is established to eliminate the effect of stray light. Finally,TraceP ro is used to analyze and simulate stray light with and without the suppressive structure,and also get the results of the PST curves. The results indicate that appropriate optical system and suppressive structure can highly reduce the stray light of the space infrared optical system.展开更多
AIM： To investigate the findings of infrared fundus autofluorescence（IR-AF） and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography（SD-OCT） in eyes with optic disc melanocytoma（ODM）.· METHODS： IR-AF findings and...AIM： To investigate the findings of infrared fundus autofluorescence（IR-AF） and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography（SD-OCT） in eyes with optic disc melanocytoma（ODM）.· METHODS： IR-AF findings and those of other ophthalmologic imaging examinations, including short-wave autofluorescence（SW-AF）, fluorescein angiography（FA）, fundus color photography, and SD-OCT of 8 eyes of 8 consecutive cases with ODM were assessed.·RESULTS： The ODMs in all cases（100%） presented similar IR-AF, SW-AF, and FA findings. On IR-AF images, ODMs showed outstanding hyper-AF with well-defined outline. On SW-AF images, the area of ODMs presented as hypo-AF. FA images revealed the leaking retinal telangiectasia on the surface of the ODMs. On SDOCT images in 8 cases（100%）, the ODMs were sloped with highly reflective surface, which were disorganized retina and optic nerve layers. In 7 cases（87.5%）, peripapillary choroids were involved. The melanocytomas of 8 cases（100%） presented as optically empty spaces. Vitreous seeds were found in one case（12.5%）.· CONCLUSION： IR-AF imaging may provide a new modality to evaluate the pathologic features of ODMs,and together with SW-AF imaging, offers a new tool to study biological characteristics associated with ODMs.SD-OCT is a valuable tool in delimitating the tumor extension and providing morphological information about the adjacent retinal tissue.展开更多
Optical gain characteristics of Ge1-xSnμx are simulated systematically.With an injection carrier concentration of 5×10^18/cm^3 at room temperature,the maximal optical gain of Ge0.922Sn0.078 alloy（with n-type do...Optical gain characteristics of Ge1-xSnμx are simulated systematically.With an injection carrier concentration of 5×10^18/cm^3 at room temperature,the maximal optical gain of Ge0.922Sn0.078 alloy（with n-type doping concentration being 5×10^18/cm^3） reaches 500 cm^-1.Moreover,considering the free-carrier absorption effect,we find that there is an optimal injection carrier density to achieve a maximal net optical gain.A double heterostructure Ge0.554Si0.289Sn0.157/Ge0.922Sn0.078/Ge0.554Si0.289Sn0.157 short-wave infrared laser diode is designed to achieve a high injection efficiency and low threshold current density.The simulation values of the device threshold current density Jth are 6.47 kA/cm^2（temperature：200 K,and λ=2050 nm）,10.75 kA/cm^2（temperature：200 K,and λ=2000 nm）,and23.12 kA/cm^2（temperature：300 K,and λ=2100 nm）,respectively.The results indicate the possibility to obtain a Si-based short-wave infrared Ge1-xSnx laser.展开更多
A CO_(2) infrared remote sensing system based on the algorithm of weighting function modified differential optical absorption spectroscopy(WFM-DOAS) is developed for measuring CO_(2) emissions from pollution sources. ...A CO_(2) infrared remote sensing system based on the algorithm of weighting function modified differential optical absorption spectroscopy(WFM-DOAS) is developed for measuring CO_(2) emissions from pollution sources. The system is composed of a spectrometer with band from 900 nm to 1700 nm, a telescope with a field of view of 1.12?, a silica optical fiber, an automatic position adjuster, and the data acquisition and processing module. The performance is discussed,including the electronic noise of the charge-coupled device(CCD), the spectral shift, and detection limits. The resolution of the spectrometer is 0.4 nm, the detection limit is 8.5 × 10^(20)molecules·cm^(-2), and the relative retrieval error is < 1.5%.On May 26, 2018, a field experiment was performed to measure CO_(2) emissions from the Feng-tai power plant, and a twodimensional distribution of CO_(2) from the plume was obtained. The retrieved differential slant column densities(dSCDs)of CO_(2) are around 2 × 10^(21) molecules·cm^(-2) in the unpolluted areas, 5.5 × 10^(21)molecules·cm^(-2) in the plume locations most strongly affected by local CO_(2) emissions, and the fitting error is less than 2 × 10^(20)molecules·cm^(-2), which proves that the infrared remote sensing system has the characteristics of fast response and high precision, suitable for measuring CO_(2) emission from the sources.展开更多
文摘China’s ambition to build a 12 m aperture optical/infrared telescope in Tibet has been recently challenged by intense disputes over its design options.The Large Optical/Infrared Telescope,or LOT,which will become the world’s biggest upon completion before the 30 m-level ones are in place,is expected to give Chinese astronomers a head start in exploring the early universe and exoplanets among other scientific goals.However,optical engineers and scientists are holding on to very different opinions as for what is the best technical route to get there.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3904803)。
文摘The Infrared Hyperspectral Atmospheric SounderⅡ(HIRAS-Ⅱ)is the key equipment on FengYun-3E(FY-3E)satellite,which can realize vertical atmospheric detection,featuring hyper spectral,high sensitivity and high precision.To ensure its accuracy of detection,it is necessary to correlate their thermal models to in-orbit da⁃ta.In this work,an investigation of intelligent correlation method named Intelligent Correlation Platform for Ther⁃mal Model(ICP-TM)was established,the advanced Kriging surrogate model and efficient adaptive region opti⁃mization algorithm were introduced.After the correlation with this method for FY-3E/HIRAS-Ⅱ,the results indi⁃cate that compared with the data in orbit,the error of the thermal model has decreased from 5 K to within±1 K in cold case(10℃).Then,the correlated model is validated in hot case(20℃),and the correlated model exhibits good universality.This correlation precision is also much superiors to the general ones like 3 K in other similar lit⁃erature.Furthermore,the process is finished in 8 days using ICP-TM,the efficiency is much better than 3 months based on manual.The results show that the proposed approach significantly enhances the accuracy and efficiency of thermal model,this contributes to the precise thermal control of subsequent infrared optical payloads.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(12073028,12473084).
文摘Continuing advancement in astronomy,space exploration,and scientific detection,has increased demand for infrared multi-band detection systems.Traditional three-band optical systems,designed to simultaneously image at infrared short-wave,mid-wave,and long-wave bands typically rely on dispersive elements,leading to bulky sizes,complex system architectures,low efficiency,and challenges in rapid assembly.To overcome these obstacles,in combination with the latest third-generation infrared detectors,we propose a design for a compact and lightweight three-band optical system,with infrared capabilities in all three required bands.The core of this approach is an integrated design philosophy that emphasizes the high steepness of mirror surfaces.This design achieves uniform correction and optimization of chromatic aberration and off-axis aberration across the spectral range.We introduce a novel integration of optical and mechanical elements to replace traditional assembly,reducing manufacturing and assembly errors,and degrees of freedom,associated with high-power optical elements.Confirming the effectiveness through a combination of simulations and experimental comparisons,the measured mid-wave full-field transfer function exceeds 0.405 at 17 lp/mm,satisfying the imaging requirements of the system.The optical system is lightweight and compact,with a total mass under 408 g and a compact volume of justΦ112 mm×117 mm.This serves as a valuable reference for the engineering application of high-performance,compact multi-band infrared composite detection systems for astronomy and space exploration.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Grant Nos.LDT23F05015F05 and LDT23F05011F05)the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U24A20313)。
文摘Long-wave infrared(LWIR)micro-metalens arrays have emerged as highly flexible and multifunctional optical elements,significantly enhancing the performance of infrared imaging systems.In this work,two types of chalcogenide glass based LWIR micro-metalens arrays with 10×10 array-size and 100%fill factor were designed and investigated.Specifically,the first one possesses a uniform focal length of 110μm,and it can efficiently focus the incident light(9.78μm)into a spot with a full width at half maximum(FWHM)of approximately 11.5μm(~1.18λ).Additionally,the second one features flexible and configurable focal lengths of the respective micro-metalenses in the array,and focal lengths of102μm,149μm,and 182μm can be achieved on one substrate,while it still retains the same optical performance as the micro-metalens array with a single focal length.Overall,these all-chalcogenide glass based LWIR micro-metasurface arrays possess significant potential for integrating within advanced infrared imaging systems in the future.
基金supported by the Tianshan Talent Training Program(2024TSYCLJ0035)the Natural Science Foundation of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2024D01E30,2025D01B157)+3 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB0880000)the Open Fund of the Anhui Key Laboratory of Photonic Materials and Devices(AHKL2024KF02)the National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China(22475234,52402017)the support from Tianchi Doctor Plan of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.
文摘Diamond-like AgGaS_(2)(DL AGS),as the typical infrared nonlinear optical(IR NLO)material,has suffered from its intrinsic drawbacks like narrow band gap(E_(g))and low laser-induced damage threshold(LIDT).In this work,by first introducing[NaS_(8)]polyhedral unit into the A_(2)^(Ⅰ)Q^(Ⅵ)-Ag_(2)Q^(Ⅵ)-C_(2)^(Ⅲ)Q_(3)^(Ⅵ) system,a new Ag-based sulfide NaAg_(3)Ga_(8)S_(14) with diamond-like framework(DLF)has been successfully synthesized via a high-temperature solid-state method in experiment.The compound shows a wide Eg(~3.0 eV),high LIDT(3.0×AGS)and moderate phase-matching NLO response(~0.7×AGS),effectively balancing the E_(g)(≥3.0 eV)and NLO response(≥0.5×AGS),demonstrating its promise for IR NLO applications.Theoretical calculations elucidate the orbital hybridization between Na 3s,Ag 4d5s and S 3p enhances E_(g),and the aligned NLO-active units([AgS_(4)]and[GaS_(4)])induce moderate NLO response in the compound.These findings not only expand the chemical and structural diversities of Ag-based chalcogenides,but also provide effective strategies for designing DLF functional materials derived from diamond-like structures.
文摘InP quantum dots(QDs)have been a major building block of modern display technology due to their high photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY)in the visible spectrum,superior stability,and eco-friendly composition.However,their applications at short-wave infrared(SWIR)have been hindered by their low efficiency.Here,we report the synthesis of efficient and SWIR-emitting InP QDs by precisely controlling the InP core nucleation using a low-cost ammonia phosphorus precursor,while avoiding size-limiting ZnCl_(2) for effective copper doping.Subsequent epitaxial growth of a lattice-matched ZnSe/ZnS multishell enhanced the QD sphericity and surface smoothness and yielded a record PLQY of 66% with an emission peak at 960 nm.When QDs were integrated as the high-refractive-index luminescent core of a liquid waveguide-based luminescent solar concentrator(LSC),the device achieved an optical efficiency of 7.36%.This performance arises from their high PLQY,spectral alignment with the responsivity peak of silicon solar cells,and the optimized core/cladding waveguide structure.These results highlight the potential of InP QDs as a promising nanomaterial for SWIR emission and applications.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong,China(No.2020A1515010829,No.2023A1515011652,No.2025A1515012389)Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou,China(No.2025A03J4033).
文摘AIM:To evaluate the agreement of axial length(AL),anterior chamber parameters,and total cornea power obtained by swept-source optical coherence tomography(SS-OCT)-based and Scheimpflug-based optical biometers in myopic children.METHODS:AL,steep keratometry(K),flat K,posterior corneal keratometry(PK),total keratometry(TK),anterior chamber depth(ACD),horizontal corneal diameter(CD),and central corneal thickness(CCT)were obtained using IOL Master 700 and Pentacam AXL.The agreement between the devices was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients(ICC),Bland-Altman plots,and astigmatism vector analysis.RESULTS:Totally 175 myopic children(48.5%male)with a mean age of 10.29±2.14y were enrolled.The ICC and Bland-Altman plots indicated a satisfactory agreement for AL,ACD,and CCT.The mean difference in CD of-0.31±0.30 mm was considered clinically significant(>0.2 mm).Additionally,measurements of K and TK obtained from the IOL Master 700 showed good agreement.Nevertheless,there were clinically significant differences observed in PK,simulated keratometry(simK),total cornea power,and astigmatism(at least 10%of the cases with a difference of>10 degrees in meridian)between the two devices.CONCLUSION:The study findings demonstrate a significant difference in K,PK,astigmatism,and CD,indicating that the two optical biometers cannot be considered interchangeable.Therefore,it is recommended to utilize one kind device for follow-up examinations in myopic children.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.92576208)Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program+1 种基金Beijing Science and Technology Planning ProjectTsinghua University Dushi Program。
文摘Scalability remains a major challenge in building practical fault-tolerant quantum computers.Currently,the largest number of qubits achieved across leading quantum platforms ranges from hundreds to thousands.In atom arrays,scalability is primarily constrained by the capacity to generate large numbers of optical tweezers,and conventional techniques using acousto-optic deflectors or spatial light modulators struggle to produce arrays much beyond∼10,000 tweezers.Moreover,these methods require additional microscope objectives to focus the light into micrometer-sized spots,which further complicates system integration and scalability.Here,we demonstrate the experimental generation of an optical tweezer array containing 280×280 spots using a metasurface,nearly an order of magnitude more than most existing systems.The metasurface leverages a large number of subwavelength phase-control pixels to engineer the wavefront of the incident light,enabling both large-scale tweezer generation and direct focusing into micron-scale spots without the need for a microscope.This result shifts the scalability bottleneck for atom arrays from the tweezer generation hardware to the available laser power.Furthermore,the array shows excellent intensity uniformity exceeding 90%,making it suitable for homogeneous single-atom loading and paving the way for trapping arrays of more than 10,000 atoms in the near future.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(Project No.2022YFB4700100)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61973298)+2 种基金Hong Kong Research Grants Council(GRF Project Number 11216120)the CAS-RGC Joint Laboratory Funding Scheme(Project Number JLFS/E-104/18)the Innovation Promotion Research Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(NO.2022199)。
文摘In the realm of secure information storage,optical encryption has emerged as a vital technique,particularly with the miniaturization of encryption devices.However,many existing systems lack the necessary reconfigurability and dynamic functionality.This study presents a novel approach through the development of dynamic optical-to-chemical energy conversion metamaterials,which enable enhanced steganography and multilevel information storage.We introduce a micro-dynamic multiple encryption device that leverages programmable optical properties in coumarin-based metamaterials,achieved through a direct laser writing grayscale gradient strategy.This methodology allows for the dynamic regulation of photoluminescent characteristics and cross-linking networks,facilitating innovative steganographic techniques under varying light conditions.The integration of a multi-optical field control system enables real-time adjustments to the material’s properties,enhancing the device’s reconfigurability and storage capabilities.Our findings underscore the potential of these metamaterials in advancing the field of microscale optical encryption,paving the way for future applications in dynamic storage and information security.
基金supported by the CAS Strategic Priority Research Program(No.XDB0760102),the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2022YFF0802501)the Major Science and Technology Infrastructure Maintenance and Transformation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan-Phospherus Project(No.23YF1426200)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2024YFE0212200).
文摘In winter 2018,an aerosol physicochemical experiment was conducted in the Western Pacific Ocean(WPO)aboard the Research Vessel KEXUE of Chinese Academy of Sciences.This study systematically investigated both natural and anthropogenic effects on marine aerosols optical properties,as well as the applicability of multi-satellite products and IMPROVE equation.The averaged aerosol optical depth(AOD500 nm)was 0.31±0.16 andÅngström exponent440–675 nm was 0.29±0.30.In offshore China,significant anthropogenic emissions affected the marine environment.In remote WPO,dust aerosols transported from northern China,Siberia,Central Asia,and those settling from the upper troposphere originating from north Africa,Arabian peninsula,and western India,were dominant.The spatial trends of AOD were opposite in the mid-latitude and southern seas of WPO.The highest AOD,0.32±0.23,appeared along the coast of South Asia at mid-latitude,decreasing from offshore seas to remote oceans.In low-latitude and equatorial seas,AOD significantly increased from coast to remote oceans.Ångström exponent dropped significantly from the coast to remote oceans as anthropogenic influence diminished across the entire WPO.Correlation analysis showed that both MODIS-C6 and Himawari AOD prod-ucts showed similar applicability in coastal urban areas,while Himawari AOD is highly recommended for coastal background and marine environment due to its finer resolution.The extinction coefficient derived from PM_(2.5) chemical compositions using IMPROVE algorithm exhibited a significant correlation(R^(2)=0.58)with the con-currently measured AOD in the absence of long-distance transport,suggesting that the IMPROVE is a reasonable proxy of the columnar average of marine aerosol extinctions free from transport influences.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 60878011 and 61078008)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University,China (Grant No. NCET-10-0067)
文摘Long-wave infrared （IR） generation based on type-Ⅱ （o→e＋o） phase matching ZnGeP2 （ZGP） and CdSe optical parametric oscillators （OPOs） pumped by a 2.05μm Tm,Ho：GdVO4 laser is reported. The comparisons of the birefringent walk-off effect and the oscillation threshold between ZGP and CdSe OPOs are performed theoretically and experimentally. For the ZGP OPO, up to 419 mW output at 8.04 μm is obtained at the 8 kHz pump pulse repetition frequency （PRF） with a slope efficiency of 7.6%. This ZGP OPO can be continuously tuned from 7.8 to 8.5 μm. For the CdSe OPO, we demonstrate a 64 mW output at 8.9μm with a single crystal 28 mm in length.
基金Project supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos 10474071, 60637010, 60671036 and60278001)Tianjin Applied Fundamental Research Project, China (07JCZDJC05900)
文摘This paper reports a continuous-wave （CW） mid-infrared intracavity singly resonant optical parametric oscillator based on periodically poled lithium niobate （PPLN） pumped by a diode-end-pumped CW Nd：YVO4 laser. Considering the thermal lens effects, it adopted an optical ballast lens and the near-concentric cavity for better operation. At the PPLN＇s grating period of 28.5 μm and the temperature of 140℃, the maximum idler output power of 155 mW at 3.86 μm has been achieved when the 808 nm pump power is 8.5 W, leading to an optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 1.82%.
基金the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay’s Post-Doctoral Research Program, vide appointment no. AO/Admn1/33/2018 dated 10.Aug’2018 for providing funding
文摘With rapid advancements in Infra-Red (IR) detection techniques, the range from where the IR-guided missiles are able to lock the target aircraft has increased. To avoid the detection and tracking by modern IR-guided missiles, the aircraft and helicopters also demand progress in its stealth techniques. Hence, study of Infra-Red Signature Suppression (IRSS) systems in aircraft and helicopters has become vital even in design stage. Optical blocking (masking) is one of the effective IRSS techniques used to block the Line- Of-Sight (LOS) of the hot engine parts of the exhaust geometry. This paper reviews the various patents on IR signature suppression systems based on the optical blocking method or a combination of IRSS techniques. The performance penalties generated due to installation of various IRSS methods in aircraft and helicopters are also discussed.
文摘We present a compact all-solid-state cw mid-infrared intracavity singly resonant optical parametric oscillator （OPO） that is based on a self-fabricated 1-mm-thick 40-mm-long doped MgO periodically poled lithium niobate （MgO：PPLN）. At a diode pump power of 15.6 W, the compact intracavity Nd：YVO4/MgO：PPLN OPO produced 1.9 W output power at 3.19μm, corresponding to conversion efficiency of 12.2% from the laser diode pump to OPO idler output.
文摘Detecting and distinguishing infrared radiation for non-invasive medical diagnostic purposes has been attempted for basic surface temperature assessment since the middle of the 20th century.However,the long wavelength and low energy of infrared radiation impede the detection of signals from deeper tissue layers,significantly limiting its use in diagnostics.To overcome these limitations,a novel approach was developed by combining a semiconductor gallium arsenide chip and prism-based optics that enabled the detection of signals in the infrared and terahertz spectrum.Challenges related to penetration depth and thermal noises were addressed by neural network modelling.
基金Sponored by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant No.50806016,51076037)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(GrantNo.20090460893)
文摘Based on the experimental infrared spectral transmittances,an inverse model has been developed to determine the optical constants of the aerosol particles (SiO2 and Al2O3).Combined with the Mie theory and Kramers-Kronig (K-K) relations,the complex refractive indices of the SiO2 and Al2O3 particles are retrieved.The effects of the measurement errors on the inverse results are also investigated.With the optical constants inversed from the experiment,the discrete ordinate method (DOM) is used to calculate the infrared transmission characteristics of the aerosol particle cloud.Considering the multi-scattering and self-emission of the particles,the equivalent transmittance ratio (ETR) is suggested to evaluate the infrared transmission characteristics of the aerosol particles.Particular attention is given to analyze the effects of the volume fraction and diameters on infrared transmission characteristics.When the volume fraction is larger than 0.001,the particle diameter has little effect on the infrared transmission characteristics.For the uniform monodisperse particles in the detection waveband range of 3-5 μm and 8-12 μm,there exists a critical diameter where the ETR reaches the minimum value.In addition,the ETR of 3-5 μm is smaller than that of 8-12 μm with the same volume fraction and particle diameter.
基金Sponsored by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.863-2-5-1-13B)
文摘This article describes a novel configuration design for a re-imaging off-axis catadioptric space infrared optical system,and in order to satisfy the signal noise ratio requirements of the system,the stray light of the system is necessary to analyze and restrain. The optical system with a focal length of 1 200 mm,an entrance pupil diameter of 600 mm,an F-number of 2,a field of view of 3°× 0. 15°,a working wave band of 8 μm-10 μm,and the image quality of the optical system almost approach to diffraction limits in all field of view.Then the mathematical models of stray light are built,and the suppressive structure is established to eliminate the effect of stray light. Finally,TraceP ro is used to analyze and simulate stray light with and without the suppressive structure,and also get the results of the PST curves. The results indicate that appropriate optical system and suppressive structure can highly reduce the stray light of the space infrared optical system.
文摘AIM： To investigate the findings of infrared fundus autofluorescence（IR-AF） and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography（SD-OCT） in eyes with optic disc melanocytoma（ODM）.· METHODS： IR-AF findings and those of other ophthalmologic imaging examinations, including short-wave autofluorescence（SW-AF）, fluorescein angiography（FA）, fundus color photography, and SD-OCT of 8 eyes of 8 consecutive cases with ODM were assessed.·RESULTS： The ODMs in all cases（100%） presented similar IR-AF, SW-AF, and FA findings. On IR-AF images, ODMs showed outstanding hyper-AF with well-defined outline. On SW-AF images, the area of ODMs presented as hypo-AF. FA images revealed the leaking retinal telangiectasia on the surface of the ODMs. On SDOCT images in 8 cases（100%）, the ODMs were sloped with highly reflective surface, which were disorganized retina and optic nerve layers. In 7 cases（87.5%）, peripapillary choroids were involved. The melanocytomas of 8 cases（100%） presented as optically empty spaces. Vitreous seeds were found in one case（12.5%）.· CONCLUSION： IR-AF imaging may provide a new modality to evaluate the pathologic features of ODMs,and together with SW-AF imaging, offers a new tool to study biological characteristics associated with ODMs.SD-OCT is a valuable tool in delimitating the tumor extension and providing morphological information about the adjacent retinal tissue.
基金supported by the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China(Grant No.2013CB632103)the National High-Technology Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2012AA012202)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61177038 and 61176013)
文摘Optical gain characteristics of Ge1-xSnμx are simulated systematically.With an injection carrier concentration of 5×10^18/cm^3 at room temperature,the maximal optical gain of Ge0.922Sn0.078 alloy（with n-type doping concentration being 5×10^18/cm^3） reaches 500 cm^-1.Moreover,considering the free-carrier absorption effect,we find that there is an optimal injection carrier density to achieve a maximal net optical gain.A double heterostructure Ge0.554Si0.289Sn0.157/Ge0.922Sn0.078/Ge0.554Si0.289Sn0.157 short-wave infrared laser diode is designed to achieve a high injection efficiency and low threshold current density.The simulation values of the device threshold current density Jth are 6.47 kA/cm^2（temperature：200 K,and λ=2050 nm）,10.75 kA/cm^2（temperature：200 K,and λ=2000 nm）,and23.12 kA/cm^2（temperature：300 K,and λ=2100 nm）,respectively.The results indicate the possibility to obtain a Si-based short-wave infrared Ge1-xSnx laser.
基金Project supported by the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41530644)
文摘A CO_(2) infrared remote sensing system based on the algorithm of weighting function modified differential optical absorption spectroscopy(WFM-DOAS) is developed for measuring CO_(2) emissions from pollution sources. The system is composed of a spectrometer with band from 900 nm to 1700 nm, a telescope with a field of view of 1.12?, a silica optical fiber, an automatic position adjuster, and the data acquisition and processing module. The performance is discussed,including the electronic noise of the charge-coupled device(CCD), the spectral shift, and detection limits. The resolution of the spectrometer is 0.4 nm, the detection limit is 8.5 × 10^(20)molecules·cm^(-2), and the relative retrieval error is < 1.5%.On May 26, 2018, a field experiment was performed to measure CO_(2) emissions from the Feng-tai power plant, and a twodimensional distribution of CO_(2) from the plume was obtained. The retrieved differential slant column densities(dSCDs)of CO_(2) are around 2 × 10^(21) molecules·cm^(-2) in the unpolluted areas, 5.5 × 10^(21)molecules·cm^(-2) in the plume locations most strongly affected by local CO_(2) emissions, and the fitting error is less than 2 × 10^(20)molecules·cm^(-2), which proves that the infrared remote sensing system has the characteristics of fast response and high precision, suitable for measuring CO_(2) emission from the sources.
