OBJECTIVE： To evaluate the association of X-ray cross-complementing group 1 （XRCC1） Arg399GIn, Arg194Trp and Arg280His polymorphisms with the risk of glioma. DATA SOURCES： A systematic literature search of papers ...OBJECTIVE： To evaluate the association of X-ray cross-complementing group 1 （XRCC1） Arg399GIn, Arg194Trp and Arg280His polymorphisms with the risk of glioma. DATA SOURCES： A systematic literature search of papers published from January 2000 to August 2012 in PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure database, and Wanfang da- tabase was performed. The key words used were ＂glioma＂, ＂polymorphism＂, and ＂XRCC1 or X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1＂. References cited in the retrieved articles were screened manually to identify additional eligible studies. STUDY SELECTION： Studies were identified according to the following inclusion criteria： case-control design was based on unrelated individuals; and genotype frequency was available to estimate an odds ratio （OR） and 95% confidence interval （CI）. Meta-analysis was performed for the selected studies after strict screening. Dominant and recessive genetic models were used and the relationship between homozygous mutant genotype frequencies and mutant gene frequency and glioma incidence was investigated. We chose the fixed or random effect model according to the heterogeneity to calculate OR and 95%CI, and sensitivity analyses were conducted. Publication bias was examined using the inverted funnel plot and the Egger＇s test using Stata 12.0 software. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Association of XRCC1 Arg399GIn, Arg194Trp, and Arg280His polymorphisms with the risk of glioma, and subgroup analyses were performed according to differ- ent ethnicities of the subjects.RESULTS： Twelve articles were included in the meta-analysis. Eleven of the articles were concerned with the Arg399GIn polymorphism and glioma onset risk. Significantly increased glioma risks were found only in the dominant model （Gin/Gin ＋ GIn/Arg versus Arg/Arg： OR = 1.26, 95%CI= 1.03-1.54, P = 0.02）. In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, significantly increased risk was found in Asian subjects in the recessive （OR = 1.46, 95%CI= 1.04-2.45, P = 0.03） and dominant models （OR = 1.40, 95%CI= 1.10-1.78, P = 0.007）, and homozygote contrast （OR = 1.69, 95%CI= 1.17-2.45, P = 0.005）, but not in Caucasian sub- jects. For association of the Arg194Trp （eight studies） and Arg280His （four studies） polymorphisms with glioma risk, the meta-analysis did not reveal a significant effect in the allele contrast, the recessive genetic model, the dominant genetic model, or homozygote contrast. CONCLUSION： The XRCC1 Arg399GIn polymorphism may be a biomarker of glioma susceptibility, espe- cially in Asian populations. The Arg194Trp and Arg280His polymorphisms were not associated with overall glioma risk.展开更多
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the second leading cause of all cancer related deaths in the United States and Europe.Although the incidence has been decreasing for individuals’≥50,it has been on the rise for in...BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the second leading cause of all cancer related deaths in the United States and Europe.Although the incidence has been decreasing for individuals’≥50,it has been on the rise for individuals<50.AIM To identify potential risk factors for early-onset CRC.METHODS A population-based cohort analysis using a national database,Explorys,screened all patients with an active electronic medical record from January 2012 to December 2016 with a diagnosis of CRC.Subgroups were stratified based on age(25–49 years vs≥50 years).Demographics,comorbidities,and symptom profiles were recorded and compared between both age groups.Furthermore,the younger group was also compared with a control group consisting of individuals aged 25-49 years within the same timeframe without a diagnosis of CRC.Twentydata points for CRC related factors were analyzed to identify potential risk factors specific to early-onset CRC.RESULTS A total of 68860 patients were identified with CRC,of which 5710(8.3%)were younger than 50 years old,with 4140(73%)between 40-49 years of age.Multivariable analysis was reported using odds ratio(OR)with 95%CI and demonstrated that several factors were associated with an increased risk of CRC in the early-onset group versus the later-onset group.These factors included:African-American race(OR 1.18,95%CI:1.09-1.27,P<0.001),presenting symptoms of abdominal pain(OR 1.82,95%CI:1.72-1.92,P<0.001),rectal pain(OR 1.50,95%CI:1.28-1.77,P<0.001),altered bowel function(OR 1.12,95%CI:1.05-1.19,P=0.0005),having a family history of any cancer(OR 1.78,95%CI:1.67-1.90,P<0.001),gastrointestinal(GI)malignancy(OR 2.36,95%CI:2.18-2.55,P<0.001),polyps(OR 1.41,95%CI:1.08-1.20,P<0.001),and obesity(OR 1.14,95%CI:1.08-1.20,P<0.001).Comparing the early-onset cohort versus the control group,factors that were associated with an increased risk of CRC were:male gender(OR 1.34,95%CI:1.27-1.41),P<0.001),Caucasian(OR 1.48,95%CI:1.40-1.57,P<0.001)and African-American race(OR 1.25,95%CI:1.17-1.35,P<0.001),presenting symptoms of abdominal pain(OR 4.73,95%CI:4.49-4.98,P<0.001),rectal pain(OR 7.48,95%CI:6.42-8.72,P<0.001),altered bowel function(OR 5.51,95%CI:5.19-5.85,P<0.001),rectal bleeding(OR 9.83,95%CI:9.12-10.6,P<0.001),weight loss(OR 7.43,95%CI:6.77-8.15,P<0.001),having a family history of cancer(OR 11.66,95%CI:10.97-12.39,P<0.001),GI malignancy(OR 28.67,95%CI:26.64-30.86,P<0.001),polyps(OR 8.15,95%CI:6.31-10.52,P<0.001),tobacco use(OR 2.46,95%CI:2.33-2.59,P<0.001),alcohol use(OR 1.71,95%CI:1.62-1.80,P<0.001),presence of colitis(OR 4.10,95%CI:3.79-4.43,P<0.001),and obesity(OR 2.88,95%CI:2.74-3.04,P<0.001).CONCLUSION Pending further investigation,these potential risk factors should lower the threshold of suspicion for early CRC and potentially be used to optimize guidelines for early screening.展开更多
目的系统评价不同膳食模式与尿石症发病风险的关联性及其潜在机制。方法利用PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、CNKI及万方数据库进行资料检索,搜集建库至2024年12月发表的关于膳食模式与尿石症发病风险关系的观察性研究。由两位学者分...目的系统评价不同膳食模式与尿石症发病风险的关联性及其潜在机制。方法利用PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、CNKI及万方数据库进行资料检索,搜集建库至2024年12月发表的关于膳食模式与尿石症发病风险关系的观察性研究。由两位学者分别独立完成文献筛选、资料搜集及评估研究的偏倚程度,运用Stata 17.0软件开展meta分析。结果共计纳入17项研究,涵盖10项队列研究、5项病例对照研究及2项横断面研究,总样本量215683例。meta分析结果显示,植物性膳食模式可降低尿石症发病风险(OR=0.83,95%CI:0.72,0.94),而动物性食物模式(OR=1.36,95%CI:1.25,1.47)和高糖甜食模式(OR=1.24,95%CI:1.06,1.46)则会增加尿石症发病风险。不同膳食模式对尿石症发病风险的影响可能与尿液酸碱度和关键成石物质(如钙、草酸、枸橼酸)的排泄变化有关。结论植物性膳食模式是尿石症发病的保护因素,而动物性食物模式和高糖甜食模式是其危险因素。建议在尿石症一级预防中推广富含水果蔬菜的植物性膳食,适量限制动物蛋白和高糖食物摄入。展开更多
The 3-hydroxy-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, statins, are widely used in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases to lower serum cholesterol levels. As type 2 diabetes mellitus ...The 3-hydroxy-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, statins, are widely used in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases to lower serum cholesterol levels. As type 2 diabetes mellitus is accompanied by dyslipidemia, statins have a major role in preventing the long term complications in diabetes and are recommended for diabetics with normal low density lipoprotein levels as well. In 2012, United States Food and Drug Administration released changes to statin safety label to include that statins have been found to increase glycosylated haemoglobin and fasting serum glucose levels. Many studies done on patients with cardiovascular risk factors have shown that statins have diabetogenic potential and the effect varies as per the dosage and type used. The various mechanisms for this effect have been proposed and one of them is downregulation of glucose transporters by the statins. The recommendations by the investigators are that though statins can have diabetogenic risk, they have more long term benefits which can outweigh the risk. In elderly patients and those with metabolic syndrome, as the risk of diabetes increase, the statins should be used cautiously. Other than a subset of population with risk for diabetes; statins still have long term survival benefits in most of the patients.展开更多
BACKGROUND Risk factors such as hereditary, ecological, and metabolic are interrelated and contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Family history(FH) of diabetes mellitus, age, obesity, and physical...BACKGROUND Risk factors such as hereditary, ecological, and metabolic are interrelated and contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Family history(FH) of diabetes mellitus, age, obesity, and physical inactivity are some of the risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes.AIM To study various aetiological determinants and risk factors for type 2 diabetes in Bangalore, India. This retrospective study examined questionnaire from patients attending the Diabetes Clinic.METHODS Data on various parameters were obtained through a questionnaire from 533 patients on the first visit to the diabetes clinic. Data regarding various aetiological determinants and risk factors viz.: Genetic risk factor and few modifiable risk factors were collected. Chi-squared test was used for statistical analysis.RESULTS A higher incidence of type 2 diabetes in males and younger population was observed in Bangalore, India. Obesity and FH were significant risk factors for not only type 2 diabetes but also early onset of diabetes. In addition, maternal history of type 2 diabetes and consanguinity increased incidence of early onset type 2 diabetes.CONCLUSION Risk factors such as obesity and FH(maternal history of type 2 diabetes) and consanguinity may play an important role in screening of family members of type 2 diabetes patients which may lead to early intervention and reduced risk of subsequent complications. Moreover, susceptible population can be counselled for the management of the type 2 diabetes including periodic investigation of blood glucose levels and lifestyle changes.展开更多
The apolipoprotein E gene ε4 allele is considered a negative factor for neural regeneration in late-onset Alzheimer＇s disease cases. The aim of this study was to establish a non-invasive, rapid method to genotype ap...The apolipoprotein E gene ε4 allele is considered a negative factor for neural regeneration in late-onset Alzheimer＇s disease cases. The aim of this study was to establish a non-invasive, rapid method to genotype apolipoprotein E gene polymorphisms. Genomic DNA from mouth swab specimens was extracted using magnetic nanoparticles, and genotyping was performed by real-time PCR using TaqMan-BHQ probes. Genotyping accuracy was validated by DNA se- quencing. Our results demonstrate 100% correlation to DNA sequencing, indicating reliability of our protocol. Thus, the method we have developed for apolipoprotein E genotyping is accurate and reliable, and also suitable for genotyping large samples, which may help determine the role of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele in neural regeneration in late-onset Alzheimer＇s disease cases.展开更多
目的:观察治未病思想指导下加味黄连温胆汤治疗代谢综合征患者心血管危险因素的临床效果。方法:选取黑龙江中医药大学附属第一医院2023年7月至2024年7月收治的82例代谢综合征患者,采用随机数字表法分为观察组(41例)和对照组(41例),其中...目的:观察治未病思想指导下加味黄连温胆汤治疗代谢综合征患者心血管危险因素的临床效果。方法:选取黑龙江中医药大学附属第一医院2023年7月至2024年7月收治的82例代谢综合征患者,采用随机数字表法分为观察组(41例)和对照组(41例),其中对照组给予常规治疗,观察组在对照组常规治疗基础上联合加味黄连温胆汤治疗,2组治疗时间均为8周。评估2组治疗后中医证候疗效,观察2组患者治疗前后肥胖程度指标、血压指标、糖脂代谢指标、炎症因子、血管内皮功能指标水平及治疗安全性。结果:治疗后,观察组中医证候疗效总有效率为97.56%(40/41),对照组总有效率为87.80%(36/41),观察组明显优于对照组(χ^(2)=5.205,P<0.05);与本组治疗前比较,治疗后2组患者收缩压(SBD)、舒张压(DBP)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、空腹血糖、负荷后后2 h血糖(2 h PG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、体质量、腹围(WC)、腰臀比(WHR)及瘦素(LEP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、内皮素-1(ET-1)、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)均明显降低(P<0.05),与对照组治疗后比较,观察组患者以上指标降低更明显(P<0.05,P<0.01),观察组优于对照组。与本组治疗前比较,2组患者高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、脂联素(ADP)、一氧化氮(NO)、内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)水平均明显升高(P<0.05),与对照组治疗后比较,观察组患者以上指标升高更显著(P<0.01)。结论:本文在治未病思想的指导下选用加味黄连温胆汤治疗代谢综合征患者,提高临床疗效,改善IR提高胰岛素敏感性,改善炎症状态,保护血管内皮功能,从而控制心血管危险因素,并且未见不良反应,值得临床应用和推广。展开更多
目的评估全球和中国早发性肺癌(诊断肺癌时患者年龄为15~49岁)疾病负担流行现状和主要风险因素。方法基于GLOBOCAN 2022数据集和全球疾病负担(Global Burden of Disease,GBD)2021数据集,按年龄、性别、地理位置和人类发展指数(human dev...目的评估全球和中国早发性肺癌(诊断肺癌时患者年龄为15~49岁)疾病负担流行现状和主要风险因素。方法基于GLOBOCAN 2022数据集和全球疾病负担(Global Burden of Disease,GBD)2021数据集,按年龄、性别、地理位置和人类发展指数(human development index,HDI)评估全球和中国早发性肺癌疾病负担和相关风险因素,主要观察指标为年龄标化发病率(age-standardized incidence rate,ASIR)、年龄标化死亡率(age-standardized mortality rate,ASMR)及伤残调整生命年(disability adjusted life years,DALYs)损失贡献率。结果2022年全球早发性肺癌新增病例137705例,死亡病例72646例,ASIR和ASMR分别为3.43/10万人和1.82/10万人,男性早发性肺癌疾病负担高于女性(ASIR:3.72/10万人比3.14/10万人,ASMR:2.31/10万人比1.33/10万人)。高HDI地区早发性肺癌的ASIR(5.51/10万人)和ASMR(2.57/10万人)高于其他水平HDI地区;健康不平等性分析发现,早发性肺癌疾病负担主要集中于高HDI地区。中国是全球早发性肺癌疾病负担最为严重的国家,2022年中国早发性肺癌新增和死亡病例分别占全球总数的48.69%和35.77%,ASIR和ASMR分别为8.21/10万人和3.17/10万人,男性早发性肺癌发病负担低于女性(ASIR:7.67/10万人比8.78/10万人),但死亡负担高于女性(ASMR:4.01/10万人比2.29/10万人)。吸烟和室外颗粒物污染是早发性肺癌最主要的风险因素,其DALYs损失贡献率在全球范围内分别为42.01%和15.62%,在中国分别为46.78%和20.84%。全球范围内,早发性肺癌的第三大风险因素为室内空气污染,在中国则为二手烟,室内空气污染降至第五位。不同年龄组中,早发性肺癌的风险因素构成存在明显差异,其中在15~24岁年龄组中,可控风险因素所致的疾病负担相对较低。结论早发性肺癌疾病负担在不同性别、区域和HDI水平之间呈现明显差异,中国的早发性肺癌负担较为严重。政策制订者应根据疾病负担差异,考虑公平分配卫生资源,并采取针对性干预措施,特别是在烟草控制和空气污染方面,应进一步采取措施控制吸烟率和降低空气污染,以提升癌症防治整体成效。展开更多
基金The Fundamental Research Funds for Jilin University in China,No.450060445246the High-Tech Industrial Development Project of Jilin Province in China,No.20090633+1 种基金the Scientific Research Foundation of Jilin Province in China,No.20130206001YY,20120713 and 200905169the Scientific Research Foundation of Changchun in China,No.12SF29
文摘OBJECTIVE： To evaluate the association of X-ray cross-complementing group 1 （XRCC1） Arg399GIn, Arg194Trp and Arg280His polymorphisms with the risk of glioma. DATA SOURCES： A systematic literature search of papers published from January 2000 to August 2012 in PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure database, and Wanfang da- tabase was performed. The key words used were ＂glioma＂, ＂polymorphism＂, and ＂XRCC1 or X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1＂. References cited in the retrieved articles were screened manually to identify additional eligible studies. STUDY SELECTION： Studies were identified according to the following inclusion criteria： case-control design was based on unrelated individuals; and genotype frequency was available to estimate an odds ratio （OR） and 95% confidence interval （CI）. Meta-analysis was performed for the selected studies after strict screening. Dominant and recessive genetic models were used and the relationship between homozygous mutant genotype frequencies and mutant gene frequency and glioma incidence was investigated. We chose the fixed or random effect model according to the heterogeneity to calculate OR and 95%CI, and sensitivity analyses were conducted. Publication bias was examined using the inverted funnel plot and the Egger＇s test using Stata 12.0 software. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Association of XRCC1 Arg399GIn, Arg194Trp, and Arg280His polymorphisms with the risk of glioma, and subgroup analyses were performed according to differ- ent ethnicities of the subjects.RESULTS： Twelve articles were included in the meta-analysis. Eleven of the articles were concerned with the Arg399GIn polymorphism and glioma onset risk. Significantly increased glioma risks were found only in the dominant model （Gin/Gin ＋ GIn/Arg versus Arg/Arg： OR = 1.26, 95%CI= 1.03-1.54, P = 0.02）. In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, significantly increased risk was found in Asian subjects in the recessive （OR = 1.46, 95%CI= 1.04-2.45, P = 0.03） and dominant models （OR = 1.40, 95%CI= 1.10-1.78, P = 0.007）, and homozygote contrast （OR = 1.69, 95%CI= 1.17-2.45, P = 0.005）, but not in Caucasian sub- jects. For association of the Arg194Trp （eight studies） and Arg280His （four studies） polymorphisms with glioma risk, the meta-analysis did not reveal a significant effect in the allele contrast, the recessive genetic model, the dominant genetic model, or homozygote contrast. CONCLUSION： The XRCC1 Arg399GIn polymorphism may be a biomarker of glioma susceptibility, espe- cially in Asian populations. The Arg194Trp and Arg280His polymorphisms were not associated with overall glioma risk.
文摘BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the second leading cause of all cancer related deaths in the United States and Europe.Although the incidence has been decreasing for individuals’≥50,it has been on the rise for individuals<50.AIM To identify potential risk factors for early-onset CRC.METHODS A population-based cohort analysis using a national database,Explorys,screened all patients with an active electronic medical record from January 2012 to December 2016 with a diagnosis of CRC.Subgroups were stratified based on age(25–49 years vs≥50 years).Demographics,comorbidities,and symptom profiles were recorded and compared between both age groups.Furthermore,the younger group was also compared with a control group consisting of individuals aged 25-49 years within the same timeframe without a diagnosis of CRC.Twentydata points for CRC related factors were analyzed to identify potential risk factors specific to early-onset CRC.RESULTS A total of 68860 patients were identified with CRC,of which 5710(8.3%)were younger than 50 years old,with 4140(73%)between 40-49 years of age.Multivariable analysis was reported using odds ratio(OR)with 95%CI and demonstrated that several factors were associated with an increased risk of CRC in the early-onset group versus the later-onset group.These factors included:African-American race(OR 1.18,95%CI:1.09-1.27,P<0.001),presenting symptoms of abdominal pain(OR 1.82,95%CI:1.72-1.92,P<0.001),rectal pain(OR 1.50,95%CI:1.28-1.77,P<0.001),altered bowel function(OR 1.12,95%CI:1.05-1.19,P=0.0005),having a family history of any cancer(OR 1.78,95%CI:1.67-1.90,P<0.001),gastrointestinal(GI)malignancy(OR 2.36,95%CI:2.18-2.55,P<0.001),polyps(OR 1.41,95%CI:1.08-1.20,P<0.001),and obesity(OR 1.14,95%CI:1.08-1.20,P<0.001).Comparing the early-onset cohort versus the control group,factors that were associated with an increased risk of CRC were:male gender(OR 1.34,95%CI:1.27-1.41),P<0.001),Caucasian(OR 1.48,95%CI:1.40-1.57,P<0.001)and African-American race(OR 1.25,95%CI:1.17-1.35,P<0.001),presenting symptoms of abdominal pain(OR 4.73,95%CI:4.49-4.98,P<0.001),rectal pain(OR 7.48,95%CI:6.42-8.72,P<0.001),altered bowel function(OR 5.51,95%CI:5.19-5.85,P<0.001),rectal bleeding(OR 9.83,95%CI:9.12-10.6,P<0.001),weight loss(OR 7.43,95%CI:6.77-8.15,P<0.001),having a family history of cancer(OR 11.66,95%CI:10.97-12.39,P<0.001),GI malignancy(OR 28.67,95%CI:26.64-30.86,P<0.001),polyps(OR 8.15,95%CI:6.31-10.52,P<0.001),tobacco use(OR 2.46,95%CI:2.33-2.59,P<0.001),alcohol use(OR 1.71,95%CI:1.62-1.80,P<0.001),presence of colitis(OR 4.10,95%CI:3.79-4.43,P<0.001),and obesity(OR 2.88,95%CI:2.74-3.04,P<0.001).CONCLUSION Pending further investigation,these potential risk factors should lower the threshold of suspicion for early CRC and potentially be used to optimize guidelines for early screening.
文摘目的系统评价不同膳食模式与尿石症发病风险的关联性及其潜在机制。方法利用PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、CNKI及万方数据库进行资料检索,搜集建库至2024年12月发表的关于膳食模式与尿石症发病风险关系的观察性研究。由两位学者分别独立完成文献筛选、资料搜集及评估研究的偏倚程度,运用Stata 17.0软件开展meta分析。结果共计纳入17项研究,涵盖10项队列研究、5项病例对照研究及2项横断面研究,总样本量215683例。meta分析结果显示,植物性膳食模式可降低尿石症发病风险(OR=0.83,95%CI:0.72,0.94),而动物性食物模式(OR=1.36,95%CI:1.25,1.47)和高糖甜食模式(OR=1.24,95%CI:1.06,1.46)则会增加尿石症发病风险。不同膳食模式对尿石症发病风险的影响可能与尿液酸碱度和关键成石物质(如钙、草酸、枸橼酸)的排泄变化有关。结论植物性膳食模式是尿石症发病的保护因素,而动物性食物模式和高糖甜食模式是其危险因素。建议在尿石症一级预防中推广富含水果蔬菜的植物性膳食,适量限制动物蛋白和高糖食物摄入。
文摘The 3-hydroxy-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, statins, are widely used in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases to lower serum cholesterol levels. As type 2 diabetes mellitus is accompanied by dyslipidemia, statins have a major role in preventing the long term complications in diabetes and are recommended for diabetics with normal low density lipoprotein levels as well. In 2012, United States Food and Drug Administration released changes to statin safety label to include that statins have been found to increase glycosylated haemoglobin and fasting serum glucose levels. Many studies done on patients with cardiovascular risk factors have shown that statins have diabetogenic potential and the effect varies as per the dosage and type used. The various mechanisms for this effect have been proposed and one of them is downregulation of glucose transporters by the statins. The recommendations by the investigators are that though statins can have diabetogenic risk, they have more long term benefits which can outweigh the risk. In elderly patients and those with metabolic syndrome, as the risk of diabetes increase, the statins should be used cautiously. Other than a subset of population with risk for diabetes; statins still have long term survival benefits in most of the patients.
文摘BACKGROUND Risk factors such as hereditary, ecological, and metabolic are interrelated and contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Family history(FH) of diabetes mellitus, age, obesity, and physical inactivity are some of the risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes.AIM To study various aetiological determinants and risk factors for type 2 diabetes in Bangalore, India. This retrospective study examined questionnaire from patients attending the Diabetes Clinic.METHODS Data on various parameters were obtained through a questionnaire from 533 patients on the first visit to the diabetes clinic. Data regarding various aetiological determinants and risk factors viz.: Genetic risk factor and few modifiable risk factors were collected. Chi-squared test was used for statistical analysis.RESULTS A higher incidence of type 2 diabetes in males and younger population was observed in Bangalore, India. Obesity and FH were significant risk factors for not only type 2 diabetes but also early onset of diabetes. In addition, maternal history of type 2 diabetes and consanguinity increased incidence of early onset type 2 diabetes.CONCLUSION Risk factors such as obesity and FH(maternal history of type 2 diabetes) and consanguinity may play an important role in screening of family members of type 2 diabetes patients which may lead to early intervention and reduced risk of subsequent complications. Moreover, susceptible population can be counselled for the management of the type 2 diabetes including periodic investigation of blood glucose levels and lifestyle changes.
基金supported by two grants from Science,Industry,Trade and Information Technology Commission of Shenzhen Municipality in China,grant No.201002063,JC20110518075 7A
文摘The apolipoprotein E gene ε4 allele is considered a negative factor for neural regeneration in late-onset Alzheimer＇s disease cases. The aim of this study was to establish a non-invasive, rapid method to genotype apolipoprotein E gene polymorphisms. Genomic DNA from mouth swab specimens was extracted using magnetic nanoparticles, and genotyping was performed by real-time PCR using TaqMan-BHQ probes. Genotyping accuracy was validated by DNA se- quencing. Our results demonstrate 100% correlation to DNA sequencing, indicating reliability of our protocol. Thus, the method we have developed for apolipoprotein E genotyping is accurate and reliable, and also suitable for genotyping large samples, which may help determine the role of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele in neural regeneration in late-onset Alzheimer＇s disease cases.
文摘目的:观察治未病思想指导下加味黄连温胆汤治疗代谢综合征患者心血管危险因素的临床效果。方法:选取黑龙江中医药大学附属第一医院2023年7月至2024年7月收治的82例代谢综合征患者,采用随机数字表法分为观察组(41例)和对照组(41例),其中对照组给予常规治疗,观察组在对照组常规治疗基础上联合加味黄连温胆汤治疗,2组治疗时间均为8周。评估2组治疗后中医证候疗效,观察2组患者治疗前后肥胖程度指标、血压指标、糖脂代谢指标、炎症因子、血管内皮功能指标水平及治疗安全性。结果:治疗后,观察组中医证候疗效总有效率为97.56%(40/41),对照组总有效率为87.80%(36/41),观察组明显优于对照组(χ^(2)=5.205,P<0.05);与本组治疗前比较,治疗后2组患者收缩压(SBD)、舒张压(DBP)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、空腹血糖、负荷后后2 h血糖(2 h PG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、体质量、腹围(WC)、腰臀比(WHR)及瘦素(LEP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、内皮素-1(ET-1)、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)均明显降低(P<0.05),与对照组治疗后比较,观察组患者以上指标降低更明显(P<0.05,P<0.01),观察组优于对照组。与本组治疗前比较,2组患者高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、脂联素(ADP)、一氧化氮(NO)、内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)水平均明显升高(P<0.05),与对照组治疗后比较,观察组患者以上指标升高更显著(P<0.01)。结论:本文在治未病思想的指导下选用加味黄连温胆汤治疗代谢综合征患者,提高临床疗效,改善IR提高胰岛素敏感性,改善炎症状态,保护血管内皮功能,从而控制心血管危险因素,并且未见不良反应,值得临床应用和推广。
文摘目的评估全球和中国早发性肺癌(诊断肺癌时患者年龄为15~49岁)疾病负担流行现状和主要风险因素。方法基于GLOBOCAN 2022数据集和全球疾病负担(Global Burden of Disease,GBD)2021数据集,按年龄、性别、地理位置和人类发展指数(human development index,HDI)评估全球和中国早发性肺癌疾病负担和相关风险因素,主要观察指标为年龄标化发病率(age-standardized incidence rate,ASIR)、年龄标化死亡率(age-standardized mortality rate,ASMR)及伤残调整生命年(disability adjusted life years,DALYs)损失贡献率。结果2022年全球早发性肺癌新增病例137705例,死亡病例72646例,ASIR和ASMR分别为3.43/10万人和1.82/10万人,男性早发性肺癌疾病负担高于女性(ASIR:3.72/10万人比3.14/10万人,ASMR:2.31/10万人比1.33/10万人)。高HDI地区早发性肺癌的ASIR(5.51/10万人)和ASMR(2.57/10万人)高于其他水平HDI地区;健康不平等性分析发现,早发性肺癌疾病负担主要集中于高HDI地区。中国是全球早发性肺癌疾病负担最为严重的国家,2022年中国早发性肺癌新增和死亡病例分别占全球总数的48.69%和35.77%,ASIR和ASMR分别为8.21/10万人和3.17/10万人,男性早发性肺癌发病负担低于女性(ASIR:7.67/10万人比8.78/10万人),但死亡负担高于女性(ASMR:4.01/10万人比2.29/10万人)。吸烟和室外颗粒物污染是早发性肺癌最主要的风险因素,其DALYs损失贡献率在全球范围内分别为42.01%和15.62%,在中国分别为46.78%和20.84%。全球范围内,早发性肺癌的第三大风险因素为室内空气污染,在中国则为二手烟,室内空气污染降至第五位。不同年龄组中,早发性肺癌的风险因素构成存在明显差异,其中在15~24岁年龄组中,可控风险因素所致的疾病负担相对较低。结论早发性肺癌疾病负担在不同性别、区域和HDI水平之间呈现明显差异,中国的早发性肺癌负担较为严重。政策制订者应根据疾病负担差异,考虑公平分配卫生资源,并采取针对性干预措施,特别是在烟草控制和空气污染方面,应进一步采取措施控制吸烟率和降低空气污染,以提升癌症防治整体成效。
