The fertilization process is the net result of a complex sequence of events that collectively result in the fusion of theopposite gametes. The male gamete undergoes continuous morphological and biochemical modificatio...The fertilization process is the net result of a complex sequence of events that collectively result in the fusion of theopposite gametes. The male gamete undergoes continuous morphological and biochemical modifications during spermdevelopment in the testis (spermatogenesis), maturation in the epididymis, and capacitation in the female reproductivetract. Only the capacitated spermatozoa are able to recognize and bind to the bioactive glycan residue(s) on the ovum'sextracellular coat, the zona pellucida (ZP). Sperm-zona binding in the mouse and several other species is believed totake place in two stages. First, capacitated (acrosome-intact) spermatozoa loosely and reversibly adhere to the zona-in-tact ovum. In the second stage tight irreversible binding occurs. Both types of bindings are attributed to the presence ofglycan- binding proteins (receptors) on the sperm plasma membrane and their complementary bioactive glycan units(ligands) on the surface of the ZP. The carbohydrate-mediated adhesion event initiates a signal transduction cascade re-sulting in the exocytosis of acrosomal contents. This step is believed to be prerequisite which allows the hyperactivatedacrosome-reacted spermatozoa to penetrate the ZP and fertilize the ovum. This review focuses on the role of carbohy-drate residues in sperm-ovum interaction, and triggering of the acrosome reaction. I have attempted to discuss extensiveprogress that has been made to enhance our understanding of the well programmed multiple molecular events necessaryfor successful fertilization. This review will identify these events, and discuss the functional significance of carbohy-drates in these events.展开更多
ZTE Corporation announced on July 7, 2010 that it is ranked third in the global optical networking （ON） industry, according to the latest research by industry analyst firm Ovum. ZTE posted the strongest gains for th...ZTE Corporation announced on July 7, 2010 that it is ranked third in the global optical networking （ON） industry, according to the latest research by industry analyst firm Ovum. ZTE posted the strongest gains for the first quarter of 2010 and a strong increase in overall revenues to rise from its previous position as the seventh-ranked vendor in Q1,2009.展开更多
In the field of stem cell research,SP(side population)phenotype is used to define the property that cells maintain a high efflux capability for some fluorescent dye,such as Hoechst 33342.Recently,many researches propo...In the field of stem cell research,SP(side population)phenotype is used to define the property that cells maintain a high efflux capability for some fluorescent dye,such as Hoechst 33342.Recently,many researches proposed that SP phenotype is a phenotype shared by some stem cells;some progenitor cells,;that SP phenotype is regarded as a candidate purification marker for stem cells.In this research,murine fertilized ova(including conjugate;single nucleus fertilized ova),2-cell stage;8-cell stage blastomeres,morulas;blastocysts were isolated;directly stained by Hoechst 33342 dye.The results show that fertilized ovum,blastomere;morula cells do not demonstrate any ability to efflux the dye.However,the inner cell mass(ICM)cells of blastocyst exhibit SP phenotype,which is consistent with the result of embryonic stem cells(ESCs)in vitro.These results indicate that the SP phenotype of ICM-derived ESCs is an intrinsic property;independent of the culture condition in vitro,;that SP phenotype is one of the characteristics of at least some pluripotent stem cells,but is not shared by totipotent stem cells.In addition,the result that the SP phenotype of ICM cells disappeared when the inhibitor verapamil was added into medium implies that the SP phenotype is directly associated with ABCG2.These results suggest that not all the stem cells demonstrate SP phenotype,;that SP phenotype might act as a purification marker for partial stem cells such as some pluripotent embryonic stem cells;multipotent adult stem cells,but not for all stem cells exampled by the totipotent stem cells in the very early stage of mouse embryos.展开更多
Although Rana chensinensis Ovum(RCO)is enriched with high nutritional value,its quality varies due to the different drying methods used by farmers.This study aims to explore the impact of natural and mechanical drying...Although Rana chensinensis Ovum(RCO)is enriched with high nutritional value,its quality varies due to the different drying methods used by farmers.This study aims to explore the impact of natural and mechanical drying methods on the nutritional compositions and physicochemical properties of RCO.Five different drying methods were studied,including blast drying(BD),mild breeze light drying(MBLD),natural air drying(NAD),vacuum heat drying(VHD),and vacuum freeze drying(VFD).The quality assessment was based on unsaturated fatty acid(UFA)content,iodine value,estradiol,vitamin E,saponification value,thiobarbituric acid value(TBA),acid value,and antioxidant properties.The results showed that VFD had higher UFA content and lower acid value(139.950±0.397 mg·g^(−1))and TBA value(0.097±0.003)than others.VFD and NAD had higher iodine values(147.166±1.475 and 146.803±1.209,respectively)than others.There were no significant differences in estradiol,vitamin E,peroxide value and the clearance rates of ABTS+free radicals and DPPH·free radicals with different drying methods.The findings will provide valuable insights into the industrialization of RCO.展开更多
基金The work was supported in part by grants HD25869 and HD34041 from the National Institute of Child & Human Development
文摘The fertilization process is the net result of a complex sequence of events that collectively result in the fusion of theopposite gametes. The male gamete undergoes continuous morphological and biochemical modifications during spermdevelopment in the testis (spermatogenesis), maturation in the epididymis, and capacitation in the female reproductivetract. Only the capacitated spermatozoa are able to recognize and bind to the bioactive glycan residue(s) on the ovum'sextracellular coat, the zona pellucida (ZP). Sperm-zona binding in the mouse and several other species is believed totake place in two stages. First, capacitated (acrosome-intact) spermatozoa loosely and reversibly adhere to the zona-in-tact ovum. In the second stage tight irreversible binding occurs. Both types of bindings are attributed to the presence ofglycan- binding proteins (receptors) on the sperm plasma membrane and their complementary bioactive glycan units(ligands) on the surface of the ZP. The carbohydrate-mediated adhesion event initiates a signal transduction cascade re-sulting in the exocytosis of acrosomal contents. This step is believed to be prerequisite which allows the hyperactivatedacrosome-reacted spermatozoa to penetrate the ZP and fertilize the ovum. This review focuses on the role of carbohy-drate residues in sperm-ovum interaction, and triggering of the acrosome reaction. I have attempted to discuss extensiveprogress that has been made to enhance our understanding of the well programmed multiple molecular events necessaryfor successful fertilization. This review will identify these events, and discuss the functional significance of carbohy-drates in these events.
文摘ZTE Corporation announced on July 7, 2010 that it is ranked third in the global optical networking （ON） industry, according to the latest research by industry analyst firm Ovum. ZTE posted the strongest gains for the first quarter of 2010 and a strong increase in overall revenues to rise from its previous position as the seventh-ranked vendor in Q1,2009.
基金Supported by the Shanghai Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.05ZR14147)
文摘In the field of stem cell research,SP(side population)phenotype is used to define the property that cells maintain a high efflux capability for some fluorescent dye,such as Hoechst 33342.Recently,many researches proposed that SP phenotype is a phenotype shared by some stem cells;some progenitor cells,;that SP phenotype is regarded as a candidate purification marker for stem cells.In this research,murine fertilized ova(including conjugate;single nucleus fertilized ova),2-cell stage;8-cell stage blastomeres,morulas;blastocysts were isolated;directly stained by Hoechst 33342 dye.The results show that fertilized ovum,blastomere;morula cells do not demonstrate any ability to efflux the dye.However,the inner cell mass(ICM)cells of blastocyst exhibit SP phenotype,which is consistent with the result of embryonic stem cells(ESCs)in vitro.These results indicate that the SP phenotype of ICM-derived ESCs is an intrinsic property;independent of the culture condition in vitro,;that SP phenotype is one of the characteristics of at least some pluripotent stem cells,but is not shared by totipotent stem cells.In addition,the result that the SP phenotype of ICM cells disappeared when the inhibitor verapamil was added into medium implies that the SP phenotype is directly associated with ABCG2.These results suggest that not all the stem cells demonstrate SP phenotype,;that SP phenotype might act as a purification marker for partial stem cells such as some pluripotent embryonic stem cells;multipotent adult stem cells,but not for all stem cells exampled by the totipotent stem cells in the very early stage of mouse embryos.
基金funded by the Department of Science and Technology of Jilin Province(20210204015YY)the Department of Education of Jilin Province(JJKH20210025KJ).
文摘Although Rana chensinensis Ovum(RCO)is enriched with high nutritional value,its quality varies due to the different drying methods used by farmers.This study aims to explore the impact of natural and mechanical drying methods on the nutritional compositions and physicochemical properties of RCO.Five different drying methods were studied,including blast drying(BD),mild breeze light drying(MBLD),natural air drying(NAD),vacuum heat drying(VHD),and vacuum freeze drying(VFD).The quality assessment was based on unsaturated fatty acid(UFA)content,iodine value,estradiol,vitamin E,saponification value,thiobarbituric acid value(TBA),acid value,and antioxidant properties.The results showed that VFD had higher UFA content and lower acid value(139.950±0.397 mg·g^(−1))and TBA value(0.097±0.003)than others.VFD and NAD had higher iodine values(147.166±1.475 and 146.803±1.209,respectively)than others.There were no significant differences in estradiol,vitamin E,peroxide value and the clearance rates of ABTS+free radicals and DPPH·free radicals with different drying methods.The findings will provide valuable insights into the industrialization of RCO.
