Rice (Oryza sativa) is a staple food for over half of the global population, with its cultivation spanning diverse agroecological regions. Cadmium (Cd) contamination has emerged as a significant challenge to rice cult...Rice (Oryza sativa) is a staple food for over half of the global population, with its cultivation spanning diverse agroecological regions. Cadmium (Cd) contamination has emerged as a significant challenge to rice cultivation, as Cd contamination in rice grains poses serious health risks, such as kidney damage, skeletal issues, and cancer (Noor et al., 2024). Cd enters the rice plant primarily through Cd-contaminated soil and subsequently accumulates in various tissues, including grains. Unfortunately, minimizing Cd accumulation in rice grains remains a significant challenge despite extensive efforts (Zou et al., 2021). Among various mitigation strategies, breeding and promoting low-Cd rice varieties represents the most cost-effective and sustainable approach to minimize Cd exposure in human diets. Considering the importance of this issue, researchers have explored agronomic interventions, but their limited success highlights the urgency for genetic solutions. Consequently, in recent years, intensive research efforts have been directed toward developing low-Cd rice varieties, leading to the identification of promising genetic solutions to reduce Cd levels in rice. More than 30 transporter genes have been identified as players for Cd transport in rice. Among them, OsNRAMP5 and OsHMA3 exert dominant effects on grain-Cd accumulation, while other transporters have minor effects on this process. However, the precise regulatory mechanisms underlying grain-Cd accumulation remain largely elusive. Thus, deciphering the genetic network involved in grain-Cd accumulation is essential for the development of low-Cd rice varieties, offering a sustainable strategy to mitigate the risk associated with Cd accumulation in rice grain.展开更多
基金supported by Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2023YFD1200901)Research Programs from Jiangsu government(ZSBBL-KY2023-01,PAPD,and Qing Lan Project).
文摘Rice (Oryza sativa) is a staple food for over half of the global population, with its cultivation spanning diverse agroecological regions. Cadmium (Cd) contamination has emerged as a significant challenge to rice cultivation, as Cd contamination in rice grains poses serious health risks, such as kidney damage, skeletal issues, and cancer (Noor et al., 2024). Cd enters the rice plant primarily through Cd-contaminated soil and subsequently accumulates in various tissues, including grains. Unfortunately, minimizing Cd accumulation in rice grains remains a significant challenge despite extensive efforts (Zou et al., 2021). Among various mitigation strategies, breeding and promoting low-Cd rice varieties represents the most cost-effective and sustainable approach to minimize Cd exposure in human diets. Considering the importance of this issue, researchers have explored agronomic interventions, but their limited success highlights the urgency for genetic solutions. Consequently, in recent years, intensive research efforts have been directed toward developing low-Cd rice varieties, leading to the identification of promising genetic solutions to reduce Cd levels in rice. More than 30 transporter genes have been identified as players for Cd transport in rice. Among them, OsNRAMP5 and OsHMA3 exert dominant effects on grain-Cd accumulation, while other transporters have minor effects on this process. However, the precise regulatory mechanisms underlying grain-Cd accumulation remain largely elusive. Thus, deciphering the genetic network involved in grain-Cd accumulation is essential for the development of low-Cd rice varieties, offering a sustainable strategy to mitigate the risk associated with Cd accumulation in rice grain.
