AIM：To determine the agreement and repeatability of the pupil measurement obtained with VIP-200（Neuroptics）,Power Ref II（Plusoptix）,WAM-5500（Grand Seiko） and study the effects of instrument design on pupillomet...AIM：To determine the agreement and repeatability of the pupil measurement obtained with VIP-200（Neuroptics）,Power Ref II（Plusoptix）,WAM-5500（Grand Seiko） and study the effects of instrument design on pupillometry.METHODS：Forty patients were measured twice in low,mid and high mesopic.Repeatability was analyzed with the within-subject standard deviation（Sw） and paired t-tests.Agreement was studied with Bland-Altman plots and repeated measures ANOVA.Instrument design analysis consisted on measuring pupil size with Power Ref II simulating monocular and binocular conditions as well as with proximity cues and without proximity cues.RESULTS：The mean difference（±standard deviation） between test-retest for low,mid and high mesopic conditions were,respectively：-0.09（±0.16）,-0.05（±0.18） and-0.08（±0.23） mm for Neuroptics,-0.05（±0.17）,-0.12（±0.23） and-0.17（±0.34） mm for WAM-5500,-0.04（±0.27）,-0.13（±0.37） and-0.11（±0.28） mm for Power Ref II.Regarding agreement with Neuroptics,the mean difference for low,mid and high mesopic conditions were,respectively：-0.48（±0.35）,-0.83（±0.52） and-0.38（±0.56） mm for WAM-5500,-0.28（±0.56）,-0.70（±0.55） and-0.61（±0.54） mm for Power Ref II.The mean difference of binocular minus monocular pupil measurements was：-0.83（±0.87） mm;and with proximity cues minus without proximity cues was：-0.30（±0.77） mm.CONCLUSION：All the instruments show similar repeatability.In all illumination conditions,agreement of Neuroptics with WAM-5500 and Power Ref II is not good enough,which can be partially induced due to their open field design.展开更多
The National Institutes of Health Genetically Heterogeneous Rat Stock (NIH-HS) is a unique tool for genetic studies of complex traits due to its high genetic heterogeneity and to its high level of genetic recombinants...The National Institutes of Health Genetically Heterogeneous Rat Stock (NIH-HS) is a unique tool for genetic studies of complex traits due to its high genetic heterogeneity and to its high level of genetic recombinants accumulated along many outbreeding generations. In the present study, 90 NIH-HS male rats were tested for anxiety/fearfulness in the elevated zero-maze and in the open-field test in order to investigate the associations among defensive responses from both tests and, in particular, those among open- field self-grooming and freezing. These associations were evaluated by means of a correlational-factorial approach and an analysis of differences between sub- groups displaying extreme scores in representative variables. The final factor analysis revealed a first factor with high loadings of all variables from the zero-maze (“Maze timidity/conflict” factor), and a second (independent) factor dominated by open-field crossings (-0.74), rearings (-0.62) and freezing (0.65), with lower loadings of open-field grooming (-0.39) and stretched attend postures, as well as of entries and time (loadings of -0.32 to -0.25) in the open sections of the zero-maze (“Open Behavior inhibition/ desinhibition” factor), suggesting that open-field self-grooming is a response associated to activity, in the present study, rather than to inhibition. Furthermore, the finding that grooming in the OF loaded negatively in a second factor supports a relationship between grooming and dearousal. Present results, thus, are in accordance with the usefulness of these tests for the purposes they are commonly employed and add new evidence supporting their concurrent validity, as indicated by the relationships observed among measures from both tests.展开更多
基金Supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under the grant DPI 2014-56850-R
文摘AIM：To determine the agreement and repeatability of the pupil measurement obtained with VIP-200（Neuroptics）,Power Ref II（Plusoptix）,WAM-5500（Grand Seiko） and study the effects of instrument design on pupillometry.METHODS：Forty patients were measured twice in low,mid and high mesopic.Repeatability was analyzed with the within-subject standard deviation（Sw） and paired t-tests.Agreement was studied with Bland-Altman plots and repeated measures ANOVA.Instrument design analysis consisted on measuring pupil size with Power Ref II simulating monocular and binocular conditions as well as with proximity cues and without proximity cues.RESULTS：The mean difference（±standard deviation） between test-retest for low,mid and high mesopic conditions were,respectively：-0.09（±0.16）,-0.05（±0.18） and-0.08（±0.23） mm for Neuroptics,-0.05（±0.17）,-0.12（±0.23） and-0.17（±0.34） mm for WAM-5500,-0.04（±0.27）,-0.13（±0.37） and-0.11（±0.28） mm for Power Ref II.Regarding agreement with Neuroptics,the mean difference for low,mid and high mesopic conditions were,respectively：-0.48（±0.35）,-0.83（±0.52） and-0.38（±0.56） mm for WAM-5500,-0.28（±0.56）,-0.70（±0.55） and-0.61（±0.54） mm for Power Ref II.The mean difference of binocular minus monocular pupil measurements was：-0.83（±0.87） mm;and with proximity cues minus without proximity cues was：-0.30（±0.77） mm.CONCLUSION：All the instruments show similar repeatability.In all illumination conditions,agreement of Neuroptics with WAM-5500 and Power Ref II is not good enough,which can be partially induced due to their open field design.
基金CNPq(201456/2011-7)Supported by grants for the MICINN(PSI2009-10532),“Fundacio La Marato TV3”(ref.092630/31),2009SGR-0051the European project/consortium“EURATRANS”(grant agreement HEALTH-F4-2010-241504).
文摘The National Institutes of Health Genetically Heterogeneous Rat Stock (NIH-HS) is a unique tool for genetic studies of complex traits due to its high genetic heterogeneity and to its high level of genetic recombinants accumulated along many outbreeding generations. In the present study, 90 NIH-HS male rats were tested for anxiety/fearfulness in the elevated zero-maze and in the open-field test in order to investigate the associations among defensive responses from both tests and, in particular, those among open- field self-grooming and freezing. These associations were evaluated by means of a correlational-factorial approach and an analysis of differences between sub- groups displaying extreme scores in representative variables. The final factor analysis revealed a first factor with high loadings of all variables from the zero-maze (“Maze timidity/conflict” factor), and a second (independent) factor dominated by open-field crossings (-0.74), rearings (-0.62) and freezing (0.65), with lower loadings of open-field grooming (-0.39) and stretched attend postures, as well as of entries and time (loadings of -0.32 to -0.25) in the open sections of the zero-maze (“Open Behavior inhibition/ desinhibition” factor), suggesting that open-field self-grooming is a response associated to activity, in the present study, rather than to inhibition. Furthermore, the finding that grooming in the OF loaded negatively in a second factor supports a relationship between grooming and dearousal. Present results, thus, are in accordance with the usefulness of these tests for the purposes they are commonly employed and add new evidence supporting their concurrent validity, as indicated by the relationships observed among measures from both tests.
