NOAA’s Oceanic Nino Index(ONI)is used to record for historical purposes the occurrence and duration of El Nino episodes,based on the monitoring of sea surface temperatures(SSTs)in the central Pacific Ocean.The ONI is...NOAA’s Oceanic Nino Index(ONI)is used to record for historical purposes the occurrence and duration of El Nino episodes,based on the monitoring of sea surface temperatures(SSTs)in the central Pacific Ocean.The ONI is used to identify the onset of an above average SST threshold that persists for several months,encompassing both the beginning and end of an El Nino episode.The first appearance of an anomalous seasonal value of 0.5℃suggests with a high probability that an El Nino could emerge,but for heightened warnings,one must wait for several months.In this article,we proposed that the ONI value of 0.7℃identifies a tipping point at which the El Nino event becomes locked in,which can provide additional lead time for mitigative actions to be taken by societal decision makers.Our preliminary findings suggest that a first appearance of 0.7℃value could serve as a credible marker of El Nino’s locked-in phase,which can provide additional credibility to the current 0.5℃El Nino onset indicator for at-risk societies to get ready for El Nino’s foreseeable societal and ecological impacts.展开更多
采用NOAA提供的ONI(Oceanic Nio Index)指数资料与欧洲中心提供的臭氧再分析资料,以滞后相关为切入点,分析了ENSO循环对东亚地区平流层臭氧分布的影响,探讨了ENSO不同位相(El Nio、La Nia)对臭氧场的强迫影响程度,并且用ENSO对剩...采用NOAA提供的ONI(Oceanic Nio Index)指数资料与欧洲中心提供的臭氧再分析资料,以滞后相关为切入点,分析了ENSO循环对东亚地区平流层臭氧分布的影响,探讨了ENSO不同位相(El Nio、La Nia)对臭氧场的强迫影响程度,并且用ENSO对剩余环流的影响解释了平流层臭氧变化的动力机制。结果表明:(1)ENSO对东亚地区平流层臭氧的分布有明显的影响,在平流层30 h Pa和70 h Pa尤为显著,且滞后8个月时二者相关达到最大;(2)El Nio发生8个月后中纬度地区平流层30 h Pa的臭氧有所减少,而高纬度臭氧增加,70 h Pa则与之相反,同时在低纬度地区70 h Pa臭氧减少;La Nia反之;(3)Nio3.4区海温与滞后8个月臭氧的SVD分析结果也有类似的变化;(4)El Nio和La Nia的影响之间有显著的差异,在分别滞后于El Nio和La Nia事件8个月后平流层低层的臭氧含量差异可达-25%以上。(5)ENSO可以通过影响剩余环流的变化,进而影响臭氧分布发生以上的变化。展开更多
Abnormal weather conditions and extreme weather existed over the Kingdom Saudi Arabia (KSA) through the last decades. The present paper investigates the relationship between the Oceanic Nino Index (ONI) and variabilit...Abnormal weather conditions and extreme weather existed over the Kingdom Saudi Arabia (KSA) through the last decades. The present paper investigates the relationship between the Oceanic Nino Index (ONI) and variability of surface air temperature and precipitation rate over KSA through the period from 1950 to 2015 year. The NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis of monthly data sets of the mean surface air temperature and precipitation rate for the domain of the KSA is used. In addition, El Nino3.4 monthly data through the period (1950-2015) are used. For that period, the data set of the three months moving average of Nino3.4 anomaly, Oceanic Nino index (ONI), is used and analyzed. The time series, anomaly and correlation coefficient techniques are used to analyze the data sets through the present study. The results revealed that the KSA climate parameters, temperature and precipitation rates are controlled by ONI mainly in the autumn and winter seasons.展开更多
基金made possible through the support provided by the Office of U.S.Foreign Disaster AssistanceBureau for Democracy,Conflict and Humanitarian AssistanceU.S.Agency for International Development。
文摘NOAA’s Oceanic Nino Index(ONI)is used to record for historical purposes the occurrence and duration of El Nino episodes,based on the monitoring of sea surface temperatures(SSTs)in the central Pacific Ocean.The ONI is used to identify the onset of an above average SST threshold that persists for several months,encompassing both the beginning and end of an El Nino episode.The first appearance of an anomalous seasonal value of 0.5℃suggests with a high probability that an El Nino could emerge,but for heightened warnings,one must wait for several months.In this article,we proposed that the ONI value of 0.7℃identifies a tipping point at which the El Nino event becomes locked in,which can provide additional lead time for mitigative actions to be taken by societal decision makers.Our preliminary findings suggest that a first appearance of 0.7℃value could serve as a credible marker of El Nino’s locked-in phase,which can provide additional credibility to the current 0.5℃El Nino onset indicator for at-risk societies to get ready for El Nino’s foreseeable societal and ecological impacts.
文摘采用NOAA提供的ONI(Oceanic Nio Index)指数资料与欧洲中心提供的臭氧再分析资料,以滞后相关为切入点,分析了ENSO循环对东亚地区平流层臭氧分布的影响,探讨了ENSO不同位相(El Nio、La Nia)对臭氧场的强迫影响程度,并且用ENSO对剩余环流的影响解释了平流层臭氧变化的动力机制。结果表明:(1)ENSO对东亚地区平流层臭氧的分布有明显的影响,在平流层30 h Pa和70 h Pa尤为显著,且滞后8个月时二者相关达到最大;(2)El Nio发生8个月后中纬度地区平流层30 h Pa的臭氧有所减少,而高纬度臭氧增加,70 h Pa则与之相反,同时在低纬度地区70 h Pa臭氧减少;La Nia反之;(3)Nio3.4区海温与滞后8个月臭氧的SVD分析结果也有类似的变化;(4)El Nio和La Nia的影响之间有显著的差异,在分别滞后于El Nio和La Nia事件8个月后平流层低层的臭氧含量差异可达-25%以上。(5)ENSO可以通过影响剩余环流的变化,进而影响臭氧分布发生以上的变化。
文摘Abnormal weather conditions and extreme weather existed over the Kingdom Saudi Arabia (KSA) through the last decades. The present paper investigates the relationship between the Oceanic Nino Index (ONI) and variability of surface air temperature and precipitation rate over KSA through the period from 1950 to 2015 year. The NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis of monthly data sets of the mean surface air temperature and precipitation rate for the domain of the KSA is used. In addition, El Nino3.4 monthly data through the period (1950-2015) are used. For that period, the data set of the three months moving average of Nino3.4 anomaly, Oceanic Nino index (ONI), is used and analyzed. The time series, anomaly and correlation coefficient techniques are used to analyze the data sets through the present study. The results revealed that the KSA climate parameters, temperature and precipitation rates are controlled by ONI mainly in the autumn and winter seasons.
