The development of the humanization of international law has driven innovations in consular law.Consular treaties traditionally governing consular relations among states have begun to incorporate provisions for the pr...The development of the humanization of international law has driven innovations in consular law.Consular treaties traditionally governing consular relations among states have begun to incorporate provisions for the protection of individual rights.Article 36(1)of the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations is seen as a“rights-empowering”clause,endowing consular notification with dual rights attributes and obligations and triggering consular assistance and protection mechanisms.Bilateral consular practices of states have also led to the customary implementation of mandatory notification duties,with consular notification evolving into a widespread state practice.Human rights documents,represented by the core United Nations human rights treaties,have gradually incorporated consular notification provisions,further reinforcing its procedural value in the human rights law implementation mechanism.In death penalty cases,international human rights bodies have promoted the human rights enhancement of“consular access”through consular notification,with specific recommendations and information-sharing mechanisms that will significantly advance the human rights enhancement process of consular notification.展开更多
船联网(internet of vehicle,IoS)是船舶信息交换的载体.基于区块链技术,在IoS上构建一种可信的信息交换机制,并提出相应的航行事件置信度计算与船舶信誉管理方案.该方案借鉴信息过滤的思想得到船舶综合相似度,利用加权熵值反向计算融...船联网(internet of vehicle,IoS)是船舶信息交换的载体.基于区块链技术,在IoS上构建一种可信的信息交换机制,并提出相应的航行事件置信度计算与船舶信誉管理方案.该方案借鉴信息过滤的思想得到船舶综合相似度,利用加权熵值反向计算融合的评级,根据回应船舶评级偏离融合评级的程度更新回应船舶的信誉值;然后采用最小二乘法建立信誉值倒数与评级误差之间的拟合关系,从而得以更新报告船舶的信誉值;进一步设计基于船舶信誉值的DPoS(delegated proof of stake)共识机制,旨在优先选择信誉值较高的船舶作为见证者船舶,以保障系统出块环境的稳定性和高效性.结果显示,在船舶滥用行为占比为40%的情况下,航行事件真实性判定的准确率仍在75%以上.研究表明,所提出的方案不仅有效提高了航行事件真实性判定的准确率,还能识别恶意船舶并限制其滥用行为,从而保证IoS环境的安全和稳定.展开更多
基金“Research on Improving China’s Consular Protection System”(Project Approval Number 20&ZD206),a major research project supported by the National Social Science Fund of China.
文摘The development of the humanization of international law has driven innovations in consular law.Consular treaties traditionally governing consular relations among states have begun to incorporate provisions for the protection of individual rights.Article 36(1)of the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations is seen as a“rights-empowering”clause,endowing consular notification with dual rights attributes and obligations and triggering consular assistance and protection mechanisms.Bilateral consular practices of states have also led to the customary implementation of mandatory notification duties,with consular notification evolving into a widespread state practice.Human rights documents,represented by the core United Nations human rights treaties,have gradually incorporated consular notification provisions,further reinforcing its procedural value in the human rights law implementation mechanism.In death penalty cases,international human rights bodies have promoted the human rights enhancement of“consular access”through consular notification,with specific recommendations and information-sharing mechanisms that will significantly advance the human rights enhancement process of consular notification.
文摘船联网(internet of vehicle,IoS)是船舶信息交换的载体.基于区块链技术,在IoS上构建一种可信的信息交换机制,并提出相应的航行事件置信度计算与船舶信誉管理方案.该方案借鉴信息过滤的思想得到船舶综合相似度,利用加权熵值反向计算融合的评级,根据回应船舶评级偏离融合评级的程度更新回应船舶的信誉值;然后采用最小二乘法建立信誉值倒数与评级误差之间的拟合关系,从而得以更新报告船舶的信誉值;进一步设计基于船舶信誉值的DPoS(delegated proof of stake)共识机制,旨在优先选择信誉值较高的船舶作为见证者船舶,以保障系统出块环境的稳定性和高效性.结果显示,在船舶滥用行为占比为40%的情况下,航行事件真实性判定的准确率仍在75%以上.研究表明,所提出的方案不仅有效提高了航行事件真实性判定的准确率,还能识别恶意船舶并限制其滥用行为,从而保证IoS环境的安全和稳定.
