Accurate assessment of herbage mass(HM)in pasture is a key to budgeting forage in grazing systems worldwide.Different non-destructive techniques to measuring pasture yield are commented.The methods compared include vi...Accurate assessment of herbage mass(HM)in pasture is a key to budgeting forage in grazing systems worldwide.Different non-destructive techniques to measuring pasture yield are commented.The methods compared include visual estimations,manual and electronic pasture meters and remote sensing.All methods are associated with a moderate to high error,showing that some indirect methods of yield estimation are appropriate under most appropriate because many factors as climate variations,soil certain conditions.In general terms,no method was found as the characteristics,plant phenology,pasture management and species composition must be taken into account to make local calibrations from a general model.Best results were found modifying general methods under local calibrations and under local conditions.In order to give farmers the best method to manage adequately their own grazing systems,researchers must select the most suitable technique considering the scale of operation,the desired accuracy and the resources available.展开更多
As part of an international research project—funded by the European Union—capillary glasses for facades are being developed exploiting storage energy by means of fluids flowing through the capillaries. To meet highe...As part of an international research project—funded by the European Union—capillary glasses for facades are being developed exploiting storage energy by means of fluids flowing through the capillaries. To meet highest visual demands, acrylate adhesives and EVA films are tested as possible bonding materials for the glass setup. Especially non-destructive methods (visual analysis, analysis of birefringent properties and computed tomographic data) are applied to evaluate failure patterns as well as the long-term behavior considering climatic influences. The experimental investigations are presented after different loading periods, providing information of failure developments. In addition, detailed information and scientific findings on the application of computed tomographic analyses are presented.展开更多
Cemented paste backfill(CPB)is a technology that achieves safe mining by filling the goaf with waste rocks,tailings,and other materials.It is an inevitable choice to deal with the development of deep and highly diffic...Cemented paste backfill(CPB)is a technology that achieves safe mining by filling the goaf with waste rocks,tailings,and other materials.It is an inevitable choice to deal with the development of deep and highly difficult mines and meet the requirements of environmental protection and safety regulations.It promotes the development of a circular economy in mines through the development of lowgrade resources and the resource utilization of waste,and extends the service life of mines.The mass concentration of solid content(abbreviated as“concentration”)is a critical parameter for CPB.However,discrepancies often arise between the on-site measurements and the pre-designed values due to factors such as groundwater inflow and segregation within the goaf,which cannot be evaluated after the solidification of CPB.This paper innovatively provides an in-situ non-destructive approach to identify the real concentration of CPB after curing for certain days using hyperspectral imaging(HSI)technology.Initially,the spectral variation patterns under different concentration conditions were investigated through hyperspectral scanning experiments on CPB samples.The results demonstrate that as the CPB concentration increases from 61wt%to 73wt%,the overall spectral reflectance gradually increases,with two distinct absorption peaks observed at 1407 and 1917 nm.Notably,the reflectance at 1407 nm exhibited a strong linear relationship with the concentration.Subsequently,the K-nearest neighbors(KNN)and support vector machine(SVM)algorithms were employed to classify and identify different concentrations.The study revealed that,with the KNN algorithm,the highest accuracy was achieved when K(number of nearest neighbors)was 1,although this resulted in overfitting.When K=3,the model displayed the optimal balance between accuracy and stability,with an accuracy of 95.03%.In the SVM algorithm,the highest accuracy of 98.24%was attained with parameters C(regularization parameter)=200 and Gamma(kernel coefficient)=10.A comparative analysis of precision,accuracy,and recall further highlighted that the SVM provided superior stability and precision for identifying CPB concentration.Thus,HSI technology offers an effective solution for the in-situ,non-destructive monitoring of CPB concentration,presenting a promising approach for optimizing and controlling CPB characteristic parameters.展开更多
In situ density and moisture content of asphalt pavement are essential controlling parameters that require accurate measurement for quality control and quality assurance purposes.The ground-penetrating radar(GPR)techn...In situ density and moisture content of asphalt pavement are essential controlling parameters that require accurate measurement for quality control and quality assurance purposes.The ground-penetrating radar(GPR)technique could provide non-destructive,non-contact,and full-coverage estimations of pavement density and moisture content.However,the technical readiness and drawbacks,including prediction models,signal processing algorithms,and testing hardware,remain unclear for agencies and construction practitioners,impeding large-scale implementations.This paper aims to provide a thorough review of the theoretical background and current practices of using GPR for non-destructive measurements of asphalt pavement density and moisture content during construction,thereby allowing for real-time correction of over-or under-compaction on site.The principles and applications of GPR-based density and moisture content prediction models were comprehensively summarized.Their strengths and limitations were discussed.Cutting-edge GPR equipment suitable for such applications was introduced,including their system components,application scenarios,and inherent limitations.Factors affecting prediction accuracy were analyzed.Advanced signal processing algorithms were discussed in the end,along with the in-place calibration procedure for aggregate dielectric constants.The reviewed technique could be a guiding tool for real-time monitoring of asphalt pavement density and moisture content using GPR,offering practical insights for future development and standardized deployment in construction quality management.展开更多
X-rays are widely used in the non-destructive testing(NDT)of electrical equipment.Radio frequency(RF)electron linear accelerators can generate MeV high-energy X-rays with strong penetrating ability;however,the system ...X-rays are widely used in the non-destructive testing(NDT)of electrical equipment.Radio frequency(RF)electron linear accelerators can generate MeV high-energy X-rays with strong penetrating ability;however,the system generally has a large scale,which is not suitable for on-site testing.Compared with the S-band(S-linac)at the same stage of beam energy,the accelerator working in the X-band(X-linac)can compress the facility scale by over 2/3 in the longitudinal direction,which is convenient for the on-site NDT of electrical equipment.To address the beam quality and design complexity simultaneously,the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithmⅡ(NSGA-Ⅱ),which is a multi-objective genetic algorithm(MOGA),was developed to optimize the cavity chain design of the X-linac.Additionally,the designs of the focusing coils,electron gun,and RF couplers,which are other key components of the X-linac,were introduced in this context.In particular,the focusing coil distributions were optimized using a genetic algorithm.Furthermore,after designing such key components,PARMELA software was adopted to perform beam dynamics calculations with the optimized accelerating fields and magnetic fields.The results show that the beam performance was obtained with a capture ratio of more than 90%,an energy spread of less than 10%,and an average energy of approximately 3 MeV.The design and simulation results indicate that the proposed NSGAⅡ-based approach is feasible for X-linac accelerator design.Furthermore,it can be generalized as a universal technique for industrial electron linear accelerators provided that specific optimization objectives and constraints are set according to different application scenarios and requirements.展开更多
As a novel class of purely organic fluores-cent materials,multiple resonance thermal-ly activated delayed fluorescence(MR-TADF)compounds hold significant promise for next-generation display technologies.The efficiency...As a novel class of purely organic fluores-cent materials,multiple resonance thermal-ly activated delayed fluorescence(MR-TADF)compounds hold significant promise for next-generation display technologies.The efficiency of exciton utilization and the overall performance of organic light-emit-ting devices are closely linked to the singlet-triplet energy gap(ΔE_(ST))of MR-TADF emitters.Identifying an economic and accu-rate theoretical approach to predictΔE_(ST)would be beneficial for high-throughput screening and facilitate the inverse design of MR-TADF molecules.In this study,we evaluated the S_(1)state energy(E(S_(1))),T_(1)state ener-gy(E(T_(1))),andΔE_(ST)using three different physical interpretations:adiabatic excitation ener-gy,vertical absorption energy,and vertical emission energy.We employed the time-depen-dent density functional theory(TDDFT)and delta self-consistent field(ΔSCF)methods to calculate E(S_(1)),E(T_(1)),andΔE_(ST)for 20 MR-TADF molecules reported in the literature.We compared these calculated values with experimental data obtained from fluorescence spec-troscopy at room-temperature(or 77 K)and phosphorescence spectroscopy conducted at 77 K.Our findings indicate that the vertical absorption energy at the S0 state minimum,deter-mined by theΔSCF method,accurately predicts the S_(1)state energy.Similarly,the vertical absorption energy at the S0 state minimum,calculated using the TDDFT method,effectively predicts the T_(1)state energy.TheΔE_(ST)derived from the difference between these two excita-tion energies exhibited the smallest mean absolute error of only 0.039 eV compared to the ex-perimental values.This combination represents the most accurate and cost-effective method reported to date for predicting theΔE_(ST)of MR-TADF molecules,and can be integrated into AI-driven inverse design workflows for new emitters.展开更多
Objectives This review aimed to systematically synthesize the available research on the disclosure of diagnosis and related issues in childhood cancer from the perspectives of healthcare professionals,with the goal of...Objectives This review aimed to systematically synthesize the available research on the disclosure of diagnosis and related issues in childhood cancer from the perspectives of healthcare professionals,with the goal of informing the optimization of disclosure processes and meeting the communication needs of affected families.Methods In accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute(JBI)methodology for mixed methods systematic reviews,the convergent segregated approach was used in this review.Articles were retrieved from 11 databases,including PubMed,Web of Science,CINAHL,CENTRAL,Embase,Ovid/Medline,PsycINFO,PsycArticles,Scopus,ERIC,and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI).The quality of the selected articles was assessed using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool(MMAT).The review protocol was registered on PROSPERO(CRD42024542746).Results A total of 21 studies from 10 countries were included.Their methodological quality was generally medium to high,with MMAT scores ranging from 60%to 100%.The synthesis yielded three core themes:1)the spectrum of professional and societal attitudes toward disclosure;2)the dynamic practices of navigating disclosure amid uncertainty,including timing and environment,stakeholders,and content of disclosure;and 3)factors influencing disclosure,including children’s,parental,healthcare professionals’,and socio-cultural factors.Conclusions This review synthesized the perspectives and experiences of healthcare professionals regarding disclosure in childhood cancer,highlighting the complexity and multidimensional nature of this process in clinical practice.Future research should further investigate the experiences and needs of children and their parents,explore cultural variations in disclosure practices,develop context-appropriate assessment tools,and construct multidimensional intervention strategies to enhance the humanistic care and professional effectiveness of the disclosure process.展开更多
The Good Wife is an American TV series that focuses on women’s independence,politics,and law.The drama has been remade in China,Japan,and South Korea.This research aims to use Nida’s Functional Equivalence Theory to...The Good Wife is an American TV series that focuses on women’s independence,politics,and law.The drama has been remade in China,Japan,and South Korea.This research aims to use Nida’s Functional Equivalence Theory to analyze the methods of its English-to-Chinese subtitle translation by considering social,cultural,and historic backgrounds between China and America.After data collection and case analysis,the study found that:(1)Five major translation methods are adopted in the subtitle translation of The Good Wife.They are free translation,variation,literal translation,addition,and omission.Among them,free translation is the most frequently used,while omission is used least.(2)The subtitle translation of films and TV series is limited by time and space restrictions,social-cultural differences,and other factors.When translating,translators should try to use humorous words,euphemism,intonation,and other ways,and combine different methods such as literal translation,free translation,variation,addition,omission,and other methods to seek equivalence both in the meaning and function of subtitles under the guidance of Functional Equivalence Theory.展开更多
This paper studies high order compact finite volume methods on non-uniform meshes for one-dimensional elliptic and parabolic differential equations with the Robin boundary conditions.An explicit scheme and an implicit...This paper studies high order compact finite volume methods on non-uniform meshes for one-dimensional elliptic and parabolic differential equations with the Robin boundary conditions.An explicit scheme and an implicit scheme are obtained by discretizing the equivalent integral form of the equation.For the explicit scheme with nodal values,the algebraic system can be solved by the Thomas method.For the implicit scheme with both nodal values and their derivatives,the system can be implemented by a prediction-correction procedure,where in the correction stage,an implicit formula for recovering the nodal derivatives is introduced.Taking two point boundary value problem as an example,we prove that both the explicit and implicit schemes are convergent with fourth order accuracy with respect to some standard discrete norms using the energy method.Two numerical examples demonstrate the correctness and effectiveness of the schemes,as well as the indispensability of using non-uniform meshes.展开更多
Objective: To analyze the advantages of diversified teaching methods in the clinical instruction of operating room nursing interns. Methods: Twenty-one nursing interns who underwent internships in the operating room f...Objective: To analyze the advantages of diversified teaching methods in the clinical instruction of operating room nursing interns. Methods: Twenty-one nursing interns who underwent internships in the operating room from March 2023 to March 2024 were selected as the control group and received conventional teaching methods. Another twenty-one nursing interns who underwent internships in the operating room from April 2024 to April 2025 were selected as the experimental group and received diversified teaching methods. The teaching effects of the two groups were compared. Results: The experimental group scored higher than the control group in assessments, teaching satisfaction, and teaching quality evaluations, as well as in post-instruction professional identity scores (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Diversified teaching methods can enhance the professional competence of operating room nursing interns, cultivate their professional identity, and yield high teaching satisfaction, thereby improving teaching quality.展开更多
This paper presents an overview of the pathogens, symptoms of damage, patterns of occurrence, and chemical control methods associated with four major pear tree diseases: pear scab, pear ring rot, pear anthracnose, and...This paper presents an overview of the pathogens, symptoms of damage, patterns of occurrence, and chemical control methods associated with four major pear tree diseases: pear scab, pear ring rot, pear anthracnose, and pear speckle. The objective is to provide valuable references for the scientific and precise prevention and management of diseases in pear orchards, thereby contributing to the production of high-quality and high-yield pear fruits.展开更多
Geological prospecting and the identification of adverse geological features are essential in tunnel construction,providing critical information to ensure safety and guide engineering decisions.As tunnel projects exte...Geological prospecting and the identification of adverse geological features are essential in tunnel construction,providing critical information to ensure safety and guide engineering decisions.As tunnel projects extend into deeper and more mountainous terrains,engineers face increasingly complex geological conditions,including high water pressure,intense geo-stress,elevated geothermal gradients,and active fault zones.These conditions pose substantial risks such as high-pressure water inrush,largescale collapses,and tunnel boring machine(TBM)blockages.Addressing these challenges requires advanced detection technologies capable of long-distance,high-precision,and intelligent assessments of adverse geology.This paper presents a comprehensive review of recent advancements in tunnel geological ahead prospecting methods.It summarizes the fundamental principles,technical maturity,key challenges,development trends,and real-world applications of various detection techniques.Airborne and semi-airborne geophysical methods enable large-scale reconnaissance for initial surveys in complex terrain.Tunnel-and borehole-based approaches offer high-resolution detection during excavation,including seismic ahead prospecting(SAP),TBM rock-breaking source seismic methods,fulltime-domain tunnel induced polarization(TIP),borehole electrical resistivity,and ground penetrating radar(GPR).To address scenarios involving multiple,coexisting adverse geologies,intelligent inversion and geological identification methods have been developed based on multi-source data fusion and artificial intelligence(AI)techniques.Overall,these advances significantly improve detection range,resolution,and geological characterization capabilities.The methods demonstrate strong adaptability to complex environments and provide reliable subsurface information,supporting safer and more efficient tunnel construction.展开更多
Non-destructive testing (NDT) of structures is one of the most important tasksof the proper maintenance and diagnosis of machines and constructions structuralcondition. NDT methods contribute to the damage tolerance p...Non-destructive testing (NDT) of structures is one of the most important tasksof the proper maintenance and diagnosis of machines and constructions structuralcondition. NDT methods contribute to the damage tolerance philosophy used in theaircraft design methodology as well as many other operation and maintenance programsof machinery and constructions. The following study is focusing on overviewing animportant group of NDT methods: the optical and other ones, which found broadapplicability in scientific and industrial studies nowadays. The paper discusses theselected most widely applicable methods, namely, visual testing, ultrasonic testing,radiographic testing, infrared thermography as well as electronic speckle patterninterferometry and shearographic testing. Besides the basic principles of testing usingthese methods, their potential applications in various industrial and technologicalbranches are broadly discussed. The analysis as categorization of the NDT methodsprovided in this paper may help in selection of such methods in diagnosis of varioustypes of structures and defects and damage occurring in these structures.展开更多
Modal parameters can accurately characterize the structural dynamic properties and assess the physical state of the structure.Therefore,it is particularly significant to identify the structural modal parameters accordi...Modal parameters can accurately characterize the structural dynamic properties and assess the physical state of the structure.Therefore,it is particularly significant to identify the structural modal parameters according to the monitoring data information in the structural health monitoring(SHM)system,so as to provide a scientific basis for structural damage identification and dynamic model modification.In view of this,this paper reviews methods for identifying structural modal parameters under environmental excitation and briefly describes how to identify structural damages based on the derived modal parameters.The paper primarily introduces data-driven modal parameter recognition methods(e.g.,time-domain,frequency-domain,and time-frequency-domain methods,etc.),briefly describes damage identification methods based on the variations of modal parameters(e.g.,natural frequency,modal shapes,and curvature modal shapes,etc.)and modal validation methods(e.g.,Stability Diagram and Modal Assurance Criterion,etc.).The current status of the application of artificial intelligence(AI)methods in the direction of modal parameter recognition and damage identification is further discussed.Based on the pre-vious analysis,the main development trends of structural modal parameter recognition and damage identification methods are given to provide scientific references for the optimized design and functional upgrading of SHM systems.展开更多
As pivotal supporting technologies for smart manufacturing and digital engineering,model-based and data-driven methods have been widely applied in many industrial fields,such as product design,process monitoring,and s...As pivotal supporting technologies for smart manufacturing and digital engineering,model-based and data-driven methods have been widely applied in many industrial fields,such as product design,process monitoring,and smart maintenance.While promising,both methods have issues that need to be addressed.For example,model-based methods are limited by low computational accuracy and a high computational burden,and data-driven methods always suffer from poor interpretability and redundant features.To address these issues,the concept of data-model fusion(DMF)emerges as a promising solution.DMF involves integrating model-based methods with data-driven methods by incorporating big data into model-based methods or embedding relevant domain knowledge into data-driven methods.Despite growing efforts in the field of DMF,a unanimous definition of DMF remains elusive,and a general framework of DMF has been rarely discussed.This paper aims to address this gap by providing a thorough overview and categorization of both data-driven methods and model-based methods.Subsequently,this paper also presents the definition and categorization of DMF and discusses the general framework of DMF.Moreover,the primary seven applications of DMF are reviewed within the context of smart manufacturing and digital engineering.Finally,this paper directs the future directions of DMF.展开更多
Soil improvement is one of the most important issues in geotechnical engineering practice.The wide application of traditional improvement techniques(cement/chemical materials)are limited due to damage ecological en-vi...Soil improvement is one of the most important issues in geotechnical engineering practice.The wide application of traditional improvement techniques(cement/chemical materials)are limited due to damage ecological en-vironment and intensify carbon emissions.However,the use of microbially induced calcium carbonate pre-cipitation(MICP)to obtain bio-cement is a novel technique with the potential to induce soil stability,providing a low-carbon,environment-friendly,and sustainable integrated solution for some geotechnical engineering pro-blems in the environment.This paper presents a comprehensive review of the latest progress in soil improvement based on the MICP strategy.It systematically summarizes and overviews the mineralization mechanism,influ-encing factors,improved methods,engineering characteristics,and current field application status of the MICP.Additionally,it also explores the limitations and correspondingly proposes prospective applications via the MICP approach for soil improvement.This review indicates that the utilization of different environmental calcium-based wastes in MICP and combination of materials and MICP are conducive to meeting engineering and market demand.Furthermore,we recommend and encourage global collaborative study and practice with a view to commercializing MICP technique in the future.The current review purports to provide insights for engineers and interdisciplinary researchers,and guidance for future engineering applications.展开更多
The separation-of-variable(SOV)methods,such as the improved SOV method,the variational SOV method,and the extended SOV method,have been proposed by the present authors and coworkers to obtain the closed-form analytica...The separation-of-variable(SOV)methods,such as the improved SOV method,the variational SOV method,and the extended SOV method,have been proposed by the present authors and coworkers to obtain the closed-form analytical solutions for free vibration and eigenbuckling of rectangular plates and circular cylindrical shells.By taking the free vibration of rectangular thin plates as an example,this work presents the theoretical framework of the SOV methods in an instructive way,and the bisection–based solution procedures for a group of nonlinear eigenvalue equations.Besides,the explicit equations of nodal lines of the SOV methods are presented,and the relations of nodal line patterns and frequency orders are investigated.It is concluded that the highly accurate SOV methods have the same accuracy for all frequencies,the mode shapes about repeated frequencies can also be precisely captured,and the SOV methods do not have the problem of missing roots as well.展开更多
Aiming at the problems of low reliability and complex operation of traditional coin-tap test of composite material,this paper introduces the grey system theory and achieves better performance.The response signals of c...Aiming at the problems of low reliability and complex operation of traditional coin-tap test of composite material,this paper introduces the grey system theory and achieves better performance.The response signals of coin-tap are classified through the grey clustering based on relation analysis,and corresponding improvements are made to the calculation method of the relation degree of nearness.First,the time history of acceleration is taken as the system behavior sequence.The improved correlation calculation method is used to solve the relation degree of nearness between the sequences,and the matrix of degree of grey relation is constructed based on this.Then,the sequence groups are summarized through the matrix,and the response signals of coin-tap are qualitatively classified according to the location of the reference sequence.Finally,the defect detection of composite materials is completed without pre-testing.The test results show that the accuracy of the coin-tap test based on improved grey clustering reaches 100%,which simplifies the operation steps while ensuring the reliability of the coin-tap test results.展开更多
The microstructures of pharmaceutical preparations play a pivotal role in determining their critical quality attributes(CQAs),such as drug release,content uniformity,and stability,which greatly impact the safety and e...The microstructures of pharmaceutical preparations play a pivotal role in determining their critical quality attributes(CQAs),such as drug release,content uniformity,and stability,which greatly impact the safety and efficacy of drugs.Unlike the inherent molecular structures of active pharmaceutical ingredients(APIs)and excipients,the microstructures of pharmaceutical preparations are developed during the formulation process,presenting unique analytical challenges.In this review,we primarily focus on presenting the research methods used to elucidate the microstructures of pharmaceutical preparations,including X-ray imaging(XRI),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),atomic force microscopy(AFM),Raman spectroscopy,infrared(IR)spectroscopy,and rheometer technology.Subsequently,we highlight the applications,advantages,and limitations of these methods.Finally,we discuss the current challenges and future perspectives in this field.This review aims to provide a comprehensive reference for understanding the microstructures of pharmaceutical preparations,offering new insights and potential advancements in their development.展开更多
Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)have become crucial tools in moving target tracking due to their agility and ability to operate in complex,dynamic environments.UAVs must meet several requirements to achieve stable track...Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)have become crucial tools in moving target tracking due to their agility and ability to operate in complex,dynamic environments.UAVs must meet several requirements to achieve stable tracking,including maintaining continuous target visibility amidst occlusions,ensuring flight safety,and achieving smooth trajectory planning.This paper reviews the latest advancements in UAV-based target tracking,highlighting information prediction,tracking strategies,and swarm cooperation.To address challenges including target visibility and occlusion,real-time prediction and tracking in dynamic environments,flight safety and coordination,resource management and energy efficiency,the paper identifies future research directions aimed at improving the performance,reliability,and scalability of UAV tracking system.展开更多
文摘Accurate assessment of herbage mass(HM)in pasture is a key to budgeting forage in grazing systems worldwide.Different non-destructive techniques to measuring pasture yield are commented.The methods compared include visual estimations,manual and electronic pasture meters and remote sensing.All methods are associated with a moderate to high error,showing that some indirect methods of yield estimation are appropriate under most appropriate because many factors as climate variations,soil certain conditions.In general terms,no method was found as the characteristics,plant phenology,pasture management and species composition must be taken into account to make local calibrations from a general model.Best results were found modifying general methods under local calibrations and under local conditions.In order to give farmers the best method to manage adequately their own grazing systems,researchers must select the most suitable technique considering the scale of operation,the desired accuracy and the resources available.
文摘As part of an international research project—funded by the European Union—capillary glasses for facades are being developed exploiting storage energy by means of fluids flowing through the capillaries. To meet highest visual demands, acrylate adhesives and EVA films are tested as possible bonding materials for the glass setup. Especially non-destructive methods (visual analysis, analysis of birefringent properties and computed tomographic data) are applied to evaluate failure patterns as well as the long-term behavior considering climatic influences. The experimental investigations are presented after different loading periods, providing information of failure developments. In addition, detailed information and scientific findings on the application of computed tomographic analyses are presented.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52474165 and 52522404)。
文摘Cemented paste backfill(CPB)is a technology that achieves safe mining by filling the goaf with waste rocks,tailings,and other materials.It is an inevitable choice to deal with the development of deep and highly difficult mines and meet the requirements of environmental protection and safety regulations.It promotes the development of a circular economy in mines through the development of lowgrade resources and the resource utilization of waste,and extends the service life of mines.The mass concentration of solid content(abbreviated as“concentration”)is a critical parameter for CPB.However,discrepancies often arise between the on-site measurements and the pre-designed values due to factors such as groundwater inflow and segregation within the goaf,which cannot be evaluated after the solidification of CPB.This paper innovatively provides an in-situ non-destructive approach to identify the real concentration of CPB after curing for certain days using hyperspectral imaging(HSI)technology.Initially,the spectral variation patterns under different concentration conditions were investigated through hyperspectral scanning experiments on CPB samples.The results demonstrate that as the CPB concentration increases from 61wt%to 73wt%,the overall spectral reflectance gradually increases,with two distinct absorption peaks observed at 1407 and 1917 nm.Notably,the reflectance at 1407 nm exhibited a strong linear relationship with the concentration.Subsequently,the K-nearest neighbors(KNN)and support vector machine(SVM)algorithms were employed to classify and identify different concentrations.The study revealed that,with the KNN algorithm,the highest accuracy was achieved when K(number of nearest neighbors)was 1,although this resulted in overfitting.When K=3,the model displayed the optimal balance between accuracy and stability,with an accuracy of 95.03%.In the SVM algorithm,the highest accuracy of 98.24%was attained with parameters C(regularization parameter)=200 and Gamma(kernel coefficient)=10.A comparative analysis of precision,accuracy,and recall further highlighted that the SVM provided superior stability and precision for identifying CPB concentration.Thus,HSI technology offers an effective solution for the in-situ,non-destructive monitoring of CPB concentration,presenting a promising approach for optimizing and controlling CPB characteristic parameters.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFB2605500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52308444)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2242024K40036).
文摘In situ density and moisture content of asphalt pavement are essential controlling parameters that require accurate measurement for quality control and quality assurance purposes.The ground-penetrating radar(GPR)technique could provide non-destructive,non-contact,and full-coverage estimations of pavement density and moisture content.However,the technical readiness and drawbacks,including prediction models,signal processing algorithms,and testing hardware,remain unclear for agencies and construction practitioners,impeding large-scale implementations.This paper aims to provide a thorough review of the theoretical background and current practices of using GPR for non-destructive measurements of asphalt pavement density and moisture content during construction,thereby allowing for real-time correction of over-or under-compaction on site.The principles and applications of GPR-based density and moisture content prediction models were comprehensively summarized.Their strengths and limitations were discussed.Cutting-edge GPR equipment suitable for such applications was introduced,including their system components,application scenarios,and inherent limitations.Factors affecting prediction accuracy were analyzed.Advanced signal processing algorithms were discussed in the end,along with the in-place calibration procedure for aggregate dielectric constants.The reviewed technique could be a guiding tool for real-time monitoring of asphalt pavement density and moisture content using GPR,offering practical insights for future development and standardized deployment in construction quality management.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12341501 and 12575164)。
文摘X-rays are widely used in the non-destructive testing(NDT)of electrical equipment.Radio frequency(RF)electron linear accelerators can generate MeV high-energy X-rays with strong penetrating ability;however,the system generally has a large scale,which is not suitable for on-site testing.Compared with the S-band(S-linac)at the same stage of beam energy,the accelerator working in the X-band(X-linac)can compress the facility scale by over 2/3 in the longitudinal direction,which is convenient for the on-site NDT of electrical equipment.To address the beam quality and design complexity simultaneously,the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithmⅡ(NSGA-Ⅱ),which is a multi-objective genetic algorithm(MOGA),was developed to optimize the cavity chain design of the X-linac.Additionally,the designs of the focusing coils,electron gun,and RF couplers,which are other key components of the X-linac,were introduced in this context.In particular,the focusing coil distributions were optimized using a genetic algorithm.Furthermore,after designing such key components,PARMELA software was adopted to perform beam dynamics calculations with the optimized accelerating fields and magnetic fields.The results show that the beam performance was obtained with a capture ratio of more than 90%,an energy spread of less than 10%,and an average energy of approximately 3 MeV.The design and simulation results indicate that the proposed NSGAⅡ-based approach is feasible for X-linac accelerator design.Furthermore,it can be generalized as a universal technique for industrial electron linear accelerators provided that specific optimization objectives and constraints are set according to different application scenarios and requirements.
基金support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22273043).
文摘As a novel class of purely organic fluores-cent materials,multiple resonance thermal-ly activated delayed fluorescence(MR-TADF)compounds hold significant promise for next-generation display technologies.The efficiency of exciton utilization and the overall performance of organic light-emit-ting devices are closely linked to the singlet-triplet energy gap(ΔE_(ST))of MR-TADF emitters.Identifying an economic and accu-rate theoretical approach to predictΔE_(ST)would be beneficial for high-throughput screening and facilitate the inverse design of MR-TADF molecules.In this study,we evaluated the S_(1)state energy(E(S_(1))),T_(1)state ener-gy(E(T_(1))),andΔE_(ST)using three different physical interpretations:adiabatic excitation ener-gy,vertical absorption energy,and vertical emission energy.We employed the time-depen-dent density functional theory(TDDFT)and delta self-consistent field(ΔSCF)methods to calculate E(S_(1)),E(T_(1)),andΔE_(ST)for 20 MR-TADF molecules reported in the literature.We compared these calculated values with experimental data obtained from fluorescence spec-troscopy at room-temperature(or 77 K)and phosphorescence spectroscopy conducted at 77 K.Our findings indicate that the vertical absorption energy at the S0 state minimum,deter-mined by theΔSCF method,accurately predicts the S_(1)state energy.Similarly,the vertical absorption energy at the S0 state minimum,calculated using the TDDFT method,effectively predicts the T_(1)state energy.TheΔE_(ST)derived from the difference between these two excita-tion energies exhibited the smallest mean absolute error of only 0.039 eV compared to the ex-perimental values.This combination represents the most accurate and cost-effective method reported to date for predicting theΔE_(ST)of MR-TADF molecules,and can be integrated into AI-driven inverse design workflows for new emitters.
基金supported by the Fuxing Nursing Research Foundation of Fudan University[FNF202352].
文摘Objectives This review aimed to systematically synthesize the available research on the disclosure of diagnosis and related issues in childhood cancer from the perspectives of healthcare professionals,with the goal of informing the optimization of disclosure processes and meeting the communication needs of affected families.Methods In accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute(JBI)methodology for mixed methods systematic reviews,the convergent segregated approach was used in this review.Articles were retrieved from 11 databases,including PubMed,Web of Science,CINAHL,CENTRAL,Embase,Ovid/Medline,PsycINFO,PsycArticles,Scopus,ERIC,and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI).The quality of the selected articles was assessed using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool(MMAT).The review protocol was registered on PROSPERO(CRD42024542746).Results A total of 21 studies from 10 countries were included.Their methodological quality was generally medium to high,with MMAT scores ranging from 60%to 100%.The synthesis yielded three core themes:1)the spectrum of professional and societal attitudes toward disclosure;2)the dynamic practices of navigating disclosure amid uncertainty,including timing and environment,stakeholders,and content of disclosure;and 3)factors influencing disclosure,including children’s,parental,healthcare professionals’,and socio-cultural factors.Conclusions This review synthesized the perspectives and experiences of healthcare professionals regarding disclosure in childhood cancer,highlighting the complexity and multidimensional nature of this process in clinical practice.Future research should further investigate the experiences and needs of children and their parents,explore cultural variations in disclosure practices,develop context-appropriate assessment tools,and construct multidimensional intervention strategies to enhance the humanistic care and professional effectiveness of the disclosure process.
文摘The Good Wife is an American TV series that focuses on women’s independence,politics,and law.The drama has been remade in China,Japan,and South Korea.This research aims to use Nida’s Functional Equivalence Theory to analyze the methods of its English-to-Chinese subtitle translation by considering social,cultural,and historic backgrounds between China and America.After data collection and case analysis,the study found that:(1)Five major translation methods are adopted in the subtitle translation of The Good Wife.They are free translation,variation,literal translation,addition,and omission.Among them,free translation is the most frequently used,while omission is used least.(2)The subtitle translation of films and TV series is limited by time and space restrictions,social-cultural differences,and other factors.When translating,translators should try to use humorous words,euphemism,intonation,and other ways,and combine different methods such as literal translation,free translation,variation,addition,omission,and other methods to seek equivalence both in the meaning and function of subtitles under the guidance of Functional Equivalence Theory.
文摘This paper studies high order compact finite volume methods on non-uniform meshes for one-dimensional elliptic and parabolic differential equations with the Robin boundary conditions.An explicit scheme and an implicit scheme are obtained by discretizing the equivalent integral form of the equation.For the explicit scheme with nodal values,the algebraic system can be solved by the Thomas method.For the implicit scheme with both nodal values and their derivatives,the system can be implemented by a prediction-correction procedure,where in the correction stage,an implicit formula for recovering the nodal derivatives is introduced.Taking two point boundary value problem as an example,we prove that both the explicit and implicit schemes are convergent with fourth order accuracy with respect to some standard discrete norms using the energy method.Two numerical examples demonstrate the correctness and effectiveness of the schemes,as well as the indispensability of using non-uniform meshes.
文摘Objective: To analyze the advantages of diversified teaching methods in the clinical instruction of operating room nursing interns. Methods: Twenty-one nursing interns who underwent internships in the operating room from March 2023 to March 2024 were selected as the control group and received conventional teaching methods. Another twenty-one nursing interns who underwent internships in the operating room from April 2024 to April 2025 were selected as the experimental group and received diversified teaching methods. The teaching effects of the two groups were compared. Results: The experimental group scored higher than the control group in assessments, teaching satisfaction, and teaching quality evaluations, as well as in post-instruction professional identity scores (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Diversified teaching methods can enhance the professional competence of operating room nursing interns, cultivate their professional identity, and yield high teaching satisfaction, thereby improving teaching quality.
基金Supported by Innovation Project of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences(2022KJCXZX-CGS-7)Hebei Agriculture Research System(HBCT2024170406).
文摘This paper presents an overview of the pathogens, symptoms of damage, patterns of occurrence, and chemical control methods associated with four major pear tree diseases: pear scab, pear ring rot, pear anthracnose, and pear speckle. The objective is to provide valuable references for the scientific and precise prevention and management of diseases in pear orchards, thereby contributing to the production of high-quality and high-yield pear fruits.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52021005,52325904,and 51991391)。
文摘Geological prospecting and the identification of adverse geological features are essential in tunnel construction,providing critical information to ensure safety and guide engineering decisions.As tunnel projects extend into deeper and more mountainous terrains,engineers face increasingly complex geological conditions,including high water pressure,intense geo-stress,elevated geothermal gradients,and active fault zones.These conditions pose substantial risks such as high-pressure water inrush,largescale collapses,and tunnel boring machine(TBM)blockages.Addressing these challenges requires advanced detection technologies capable of long-distance,high-precision,and intelligent assessments of adverse geology.This paper presents a comprehensive review of recent advancements in tunnel geological ahead prospecting methods.It summarizes the fundamental principles,technical maturity,key challenges,development trends,and real-world applications of various detection techniques.Airborne and semi-airborne geophysical methods enable large-scale reconnaissance for initial surveys in complex terrain.Tunnel-and borehole-based approaches offer high-resolution detection during excavation,including seismic ahead prospecting(SAP),TBM rock-breaking source seismic methods,fulltime-domain tunnel induced polarization(TIP),borehole electrical resistivity,and ground penetrating radar(GPR).To address scenarios involving multiple,coexisting adverse geologies,intelligent inversion and geological identification methods have been developed based on multi-source data fusion and artificial intelligence(AI)techniques.Overall,these advances significantly improve detection range,resolution,and geological characterization capabilities.The methods demonstrate strong adaptability to complex environments and provide reliable subsurface information,supporting safer and more efficient tunnel construction.
文摘Non-destructive testing (NDT) of structures is one of the most important tasksof the proper maintenance and diagnosis of machines and constructions structuralcondition. NDT methods contribute to the damage tolerance philosophy used in theaircraft design methodology as well as many other operation and maintenance programsof machinery and constructions. The following study is focusing on overviewing animportant group of NDT methods: the optical and other ones, which found broadapplicability in scientific and industrial studies nowadays. The paper discusses theselected most widely applicable methods, namely, visual testing, ultrasonic testing,radiographic testing, infrared thermography as well as electronic speckle patterninterferometry and shearographic testing. Besides the basic principles of testing usingthese methods, their potential applications in various industrial and technologicalbranches are broadly discussed. The analysis as categorization of the NDT methodsprovided in this paper may help in selection of such methods in diagnosis of varioustypes of structures and defects and damage occurring in these structures.
基金supported by the Innovation Foundation of Provincial Education Department of Gansu(2024B-005)the Gansu Province National Science Foundation(22YF7GA182)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.lzujbky2022-kb01)。
文摘Modal parameters can accurately characterize the structural dynamic properties and assess the physical state of the structure.Therefore,it is particularly significant to identify the structural modal parameters according to the monitoring data information in the structural health monitoring(SHM)system,so as to provide a scientific basis for structural damage identification and dynamic model modification.In view of this,this paper reviews methods for identifying structural modal parameters under environmental excitation and briefly describes how to identify structural damages based on the derived modal parameters.The paper primarily introduces data-driven modal parameter recognition methods(e.g.,time-domain,frequency-domain,and time-frequency-domain methods,etc.),briefly describes damage identification methods based on the variations of modal parameters(e.g.,natural frequency,modal shapes,and curvature modal shapes,etc.)and modal validation methods(e.g.,Stability Diagram and Modal Assurance Criterion,etc.).The current status of the application of artificial intelligence(AI)methods in the direction of modal parameter recognition and damage identification is further discussed.Based on the pre-vious analysis,the main development trends of structural modal parameter recognition and damage identification methods are given to provide scientific references for the optimized design and functional upgrading of SHM systems.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grants(52275471 and 52120105008)the Beijing Outstanding Young Scientist Program,and the New Cornerstone Science Foundation through the XPLORER PRIZE.
文摘As pivotal supporting technologies for smart manufacturing and digital engineering,model-based and data-driven methods have been widely applied in many industrial fields,such as product design,process monitoring,and smart maintenance.While promising,both methods have issues that need to be addressed.For example,model-based methods are limited by low computational accuracy and a high computational burden,and data-driven methods always suffer from poor interpretability and redundant features.To address these issues,the concept of data-model fusion(DMF)emerges as a promising solution.DMF involves integrating model-based methods with data-driven methods by incorporating big data into model-based methods or embedding relevant domain knowledge into data-driven methods.Despite growing efforts in the field of DMF,a unanimous definition of DMF remains elusive,and a general framework of DMF has been rarely discussed.This paper aims to address this gap by providing a thorough overview and categorization of both data-driven methods and model-based methods.Subsequently,this paper also presents the definition and categorization of DMF and discusses the general framework of DMF.Moreover,the primary seven applications of DMF are reviewed within the context of smart manufacturing and digital engineering.Finally,this paper directs the future directions of DMF.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41962016)the Natural Science Foundation of NingXia(Nos.2023AAC02023,2023A1218,and 2021AAC02006).
文摘Soil improvement is one of the most important issues in geotechnical engineering practice.The wide application of traditional improvement techniques(cement/chemical materials)are limited due to damage ecological en-vironment and intensify carbon emissions.However,the use of microbially induced calcium carbonate pre-cipitation(MICP)to obtain bio-cement is a novel technique with the potential to induce soil stability,providing a low-carbon,environment-friendly,and sustainable integrated solution for some geotechnical engineering pro-blems in the environment.This paper presents a comprehensive review of the latest progress in soil improvement based on the MICP strategy.It systematically summarizes and overviews the mineralization mechanism,influ-encing factors,improved methods,engineering characteristics,and current field application status of the MICP.Additionally,it also explores the limitations and correspondingly proposes prospective applications via the MICP approach for soil improvement.This review indicates that the utilization of different environmental calcium-based wastes in MICP and combination of materials and MICP are conducive to meeting engineering and market demand.Furthermore,we recommend and encourage global collaborative study and practice with a view to commercializing MICP technique in the future.The current review purports to provide insights for engineers and interdisciplinary researchers,and guidance for future engineering applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12172023).
文摘The separation-of-variable(SOV)methods,such as the improved SOV method,the variational SOV method,and the extended SOV method,have been proposed by the present authors and coworkers to obtain the closed-form analytical solutions for free vibration and eigenbuckling of rectangular plates and circular cylindrical shells.By taking the free vibration of rectangular thin plates as an example,this work presents the theoretical framework of the SOV methods in an instructive way,and the bisection–based solution procedures for a group of nonlinear eigenvalue equations.Besides,the explicit equations of nodal lines of the SOV methods are presented,and the relations of nodal line patterns and frequency orders are investigated.It is concluded that the highly accurate SOV methods have the same accuracy for all frequencies,the mode shapes about repeated frequencies can also be precisely captured,and the SOV methods do not have the problem of missing roots as well.
基金National Key Research and Development Project of China(No.2018YFB1701200)。
文摘Aiming at the problems of low reliability and complex operation of traditional coin-tap test of composite material,this paper introduces the grey system theory and achieves better performance.The response signals of coin-tap are classified through the grey clustering based on relation analysis,and corresponding improvements are made to the calculation method of the relation degree of nearness.First,the time history of acceleration is taken as the system behavior sequence.The improved correlation calculation method is used to solve the relation degree of nearness between the sequences,and the matrix of degree of grey relation is constructed based on this.Then,the sequence groups are summarized through the matrix,and the response signals of coin-tap are qualitatively classified according to the location of the reference sequence.Finally,the defect detection of composite materials is completed without pre-testing.The test results show that the accuracy of the coin-tap test based on improved grey clustering reaches 100%,which simplifies the operation steps while ensuring the reliability of the coin-tap test results.
文摘The microstructures of pharmaceutical preparations play a pivotal role in determining their critical quality attributes(CQAs),such as drug release,content uniformity,and stability,which greatly impact the safety and efficacy of drugs.Unlike the inherent molecular structures of active pharmaceutical ingredients(APIs)and excipients,the microstructures of pharmaceutical preparations are developed during the formulation process,presenting unique analytical challenges.In this review,we primarily focus on presenting the research methods used to elucidate the microstructures of pharmaceutical preparations,including X-ray imaging(XRI),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),atomic force microscopy(AFM),Raman spectroscopy,infrared(IR)spectroscopy,and rheometer technology.Subsequently,we highlight the applications,advantages,and limitations of these methods.Finally,we discuss the current challenges and future perspectives in this field.This review aims to provide a comprehensive reference for understanding the microstructures of pharmaceutical preparations,offering new insights and potential advancements in their development.
基金financial support provided by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China(Grant No.2021JJ10045)the Open Research Subject of State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Game(Grant No.ZBKF-24-01)+1 种基金the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(Grant No.GZB20240989)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2024M754304)。
文摘Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)have become crucial tools in moving target tracking due to their agility and ability to operate in complex,dynamic environments.UAVs must meet several requirements to achieve stable tracking,including maintaining continuous target visibility amidst occlusions,ensuring flight safety,and achieving smooth trajectory planning.This paper reviews the latest advancements in UAV-based target tracking,highlighting information prediction,tracking strategies,and swarm cooperation.To address challenges including target visibility and occlusion,real-time prediction and tracking in dynamic environments,flight safety and coordination,resource management and energy efficiency,the paper identifies future research directions aimed at improving the performance,reliability,and scalability of UAV tracking system.
