AIM： To investigate the role of major non-protein and protein sulfhydryls and disulfides in chemically induced gastric hemorrhagic mucosal lesions （HML） and the mechanism of gastroprotective effect of sucralfate.ME...AIM： To investigate the role of major non-protein and protein sulfhydryls and disulfides in chemically induced gastric hemorrhagic mucosal lesions （HML） and the mechanism of gastroprotective effect of sucralfate.METHODS： Rats were given 1 mL of 75% ethanol, 25%NaCl, 0.6 mol/L HCI, 0.2 mol/L NaOH or 1% ammonia solutions intragastrically （i.g.） and sacrificed 1, 3, 6 or 12 min later. Total （reduced and oxidized） glutathione （GSH ＋ GSSG）, glutathione disulfide （GSSG）, protein free sulfhydryls （PSH）, protein-glutathione mixed disulfides （PSSG） and protein cystine disulfides （PSSP） were measured in gastric mucosa and liver.RESULTS： Reduced glutathione （GSH） was depleted in the gastric mucosa after ethanol, HCI or NaCl exposure,while oxidized glutathione （GSSG） concentrations increased, except by HCI and NaOH exposure. Decreased levels of PSH after exposure to ethanol were observed,NaCl or NaOH while the total protein disulfides were increased. Ratios of reduced to oxidized glutathione or sulfhydrils to disulfides were decreased by all chemicals.No changes in thiol homeostasis were detected in the liver after i.g. abbreviation should be spelled out the first time here administration of ethanol. Sucralfate increased the concentrations of GSH and PSH and prevented the ethanol-induced changes in gastric mucosal thiol concentrations.CONCLUSION： Our modified methods are now suitable for direct measurements of major protein and nonprotein thiols/disulfides in the gastric mucosa or liver.A common element in the pathogenesis of chemically induced HML and in the mechanism of gastroprotective drugs seems to be the decreased ratios of reduced and oxidized glutathione as well as protein sulfhydryls and disulfides.展开更多
[Objective] The experiment was conducted to investigate the growth performance of graze cattle fed on non-protein nitrogen （NPN） supplement. [ Method] The experiment was conducted in late spring and early summer bef...[Objective] The experiment was conducted to investigate the growth performance of graze cattle fed on non-protein nitrogen （NPN） supplement. [ Method] The experiment was conducted in late spring and early summer before grazing. Thirty Chinese SimmentaI-Taihang taxa bulls at the age of 9-10 months weighing 150-170 kg were divided into the control group, experimental group 1 and experimental group 2, 10 in each group, Each cattle in the experimental group 1 fed on the basal diet supplemented 1.0 kg cornmeal every day. Each cattle in the experimental group 2 fed on the basal diet supplemented 1.0 kg cornmeal and 0.25 kg NPN supplement every day. Those in the control group were fed on the basal di- et. The experiment was performed for 100 d. [Result] The average daily gain of the experimental group I was 217 g larger than that of the control group, while the average daily gain of the experimental group 2 was 429 g larger than that of the control group. The differences in the average daily gain were significant between the three groups. [ Conclusion ] The growth performance of cattle grazed in northern slopes was obviously improved by supplementing a small amount of concentrate in feed. The improvement was more remarkable if a small amount of NPN supplement was also added in feed.展开更多
Slow-release non-protein nitrogen feed has a large market demand. It has a long research history, but its production technology needs further improvement in order to realize the industrial production of slow-release n...Slow-release non-protein nitrogen feed has a large market demand. It has a long research history, but its production technology needs further improvement in order to realize the industrial production of slow-release non-protein nitrogen extruded feed. By designing the best formula and using chelating and emulsifying process, the slow-release non-protein nitrogen extruded feed additives were produced. This product increases milk yield and improves milk quality, thus increasing economic efficiency.展开更多
Protein in rice grains is an important source of nutrition for rice consumers.This study mainly aimed to identify the critical factors that determine grain protein concentration in rice.Accumulation parameters,includi...Protein in rice grains is an important source of nutrition for rice consumers.This study mainly aimed to identify the critical factors that determine grain protein concentration in rice.Accumulation parameters,including mean accumulation rate(Rmean)and active accumulation duration(Dactive),for protein and non-protein components and their correlations with protein concentration in rice grains were investigated in field experiments conducted over two years with six rice cultivars.Results showed that grain protein concentration ranged from 9.6%to 11.9%across cultivars and years.Accumulation processes of protein and non-protein components were well fitted by the logistic equation for all six rice cultivars in both years,and the ratio of protein to non-protein for R_(mean) and D_(active) ranged from 0.08 to 0.12 and 1.01 to 1.33,respectively.Grain protein concentration was significantly correlated with protein to non-protein ratio for R_(mean).This study suggests that grain protein concentration is not solely determined by the accumulation of protein or non-protein component,but by the coordination of protein and non-protein accumulation.展开更多
为实现南极磷虾(Euphausia superba)品质的快速评定,本研究将近红外光谱技术(Near infrared spectroscopy,NIRS)与偏最小二乘法(Partial least squares,PLS)相结合,构建用于快速预测磷虾体内非蛋白氮(Non-protein nitrogen,NPN)含量和...为实现南极磷虾(Euphausia superba)品质的快速评定,本研究将近红外光谱技术(Near infrared spectroscopy,NIRS)与偏最小二乘法(Partial least squares,PLS)相结合,构建用于快速预测磷虾体内非蛋白氮(Non-protein nitrogen,NPN)含量和挥发性盐基氮(Total volatile base nitrogen,TVB-N)含量的近红外定量分析模型。采集近红外光谱后,通过比较决定系数(Coefficient of determination,R^(2))、校正标准偏差(Root mean square error of calibration,RMSEC)、预测标准偏差(Root mean square error of prediction,RMSEP)等模型的评价参数,选取近红外光谱定量分析模型的最佳预处理方式、特征光谱范围以及主因子数。结果显示,NPN含量模型的最佳预处理方法为多元散射校正(Multiplicative signal correction,MSC),其特征光谱范围为8887.1~7774.2 cm-1;TVB-N含量模型则采用MSC与卷积平滑(Savitzky-Golay smoothing,SG)相结合的方式进行预处理,建模范围为全波段。两个定量模型的主因子数均为5。经模型的优化与外部验证,最终构建的PLS最优模型如下:NPN含量近红外定量分析模型的R^(2)为0.9384,RMSEC为0.279,RMSEP为0.443;TVB-N含量近红外定量分析模型的R^(2)为0.8685,RMSEC为3.800,RMSEP为4.070。研究结果表明,两个模型均具有良好的预测精度(R^(2)>0.85)和稳定性,其中NPN定量分析模型的预测能力优于TVB-N定量分析模型。综上,本研究基于NIRS与PLS构建的定量分析模型能够有效预测南极磷虾体内的NPN和TVB-N含量,为南极磷虾的品质评价提供了可靠的技术支持,满足快速评定的实际应用需求。展开更多
猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome,PRRS)主要是由猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus,PRRSV)所引起的,该病症在母猪群体中,主要表现为流产、产出死胎、弱...猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome,PRRS)主要是由猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus,PRRSV)所引起的,该病症在母猪群体中,主要表现为流产、产出死胎、弱仔以及木乃伊胎;在仔猪群体里,则以呼吸功能出现障碍以及罹患败血症为显著特征。PRRSV有着较快的传播速度和较强的传染性,这使得PRRS在规模化养猪场中成为一种常见的接触性传染病。PRRSV的流行对养猪业造成严重的经济影响。科学防治PRRS需要对病原生物学,特别是病原感染机制的知识。因此,本文从PRRSV的基因组结构,各个病毒编码蛋白的功能、特别是病毒蛋白在感染中的作用机制等方面进行综述,旨在为PRRSV的研究以及制定相应的防控策略提供参考。展开更多
The complex responses of eukaryotic cells to external factors are governed by several transcriptional and post-transcriptional processes. Several of them occur in the nucleus and have been linked to the action of non-...The complex responses of eukaryotic cells to external factors are governed by several transcriptional and post-transcriptional processes. Several of them occur in the nucleus and have been linked to the action of non-proteincoding RNAs （or npcRNAs）, both long and small npcRNAs, that recently emerged as major regulators of gene expression. Regulatory npcRNAs acting in the nucleus include silencing-related RNAs, intergenic npcRNAs, natural antisense RNAs, and other aberrant RNAs resulting from the interplay between global transcription and RNA processing activities （such as Dicers and RNA-dependent polymerases）. Generally, the resulting npcRNAs exert their regulatory effects through interactions with RNA-binding proteins （or RBPs） within ribonucleoprotein particles （or RNPs）. A large group of RBPs are implicated in the silencing machinery through small interfering RNAs （siRNAs） and their localization suggests that several act in the nucleus to trigger epigenetic and chromatin changes at a whole-genome scale. Other nuclear RBPs interact with npcRNAs and change their localization. In the fission yeast, the RNA-binding Mei2p protein, playing pivotal roles in meiosis, interact with a meiotic npcRNA involved in its nuclear re-localization. Related processes have been identified in plants and the ENOD40 npcRNA was shown to re-localize a nuclear-speckle RBP from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in Medicago truncatula. Plant RBPs have been also implicated in RNA-mediated chromatin silencing in the FLC locus through interaction with specific antisense transcripts. In this review, we discuss the interactions between RBPs and npcRNAs in the context of nuclear-related processes and their implication in plant development and stress responses. We propose that these interactions may add a regulatory layer that modulates the interactions between the nuclear genome and the environment and, consequently, control plant developmental plasticity.展开更多
糖蛋白非转移性黑色素瘤蛋白B(glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B,GPNMB)是一种广泛表达于多种组织的I型跨膜糖蛋白,其在细胞黏附、迁移、免疫调节及基质重塑等过程中发挥关键作用。近年来,研究表明GPNMB可通过PI3K/Akt/m...糖蛋白非转移性黑色素瘤蛋白B(glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B,GPNMB)是一种广泛表达于多种组织的I型跨膜糖蛋白,其在细胞黏附、迁移、免疫调节及基质重塑等过程中发挥关键作用。近年来,研究表明GPNMB可通过PI3K/Akt/mTOR、MAPK、CD44/整合素等信号通路参与肿瘤转移、纤维化进程、免疫耐受及神经保护等多种病理生理过程。虽然其在乳腺癌、黑色素瘤及肝纤维化等疾病中的作用已较为明确,但在呼吸系统疾病中的研究仍处于起步阶段。现有证据提示,GPNMB在非小细胞肺癌、特发性肺纤维化及慢性阻塞性肺疾病中高表达,并可能通过调控“肺泡上皮细胞-巨噬细胞-成纤维细胞”信号轴影响疾病发生与进展。本文旨在综述GPNMB的分子特性及其在多种疾病中的作用机制,重点归纳其在非小细胞肺癌、特发性肺纤维化及慢性阻塞性肺疾病等呼吸系统疾病中的研究现状。展开更多
动脉型肺动脉高压(pulmonary arterial hypertension,PAH)是以肺血管病理性重塑和肺动脉压升高为特征的进行性心肺疾病。骨形态发生蛋白受体2(bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2,BMPR2)信号通路功能异常是驱动PAH发生发展的...动脉型肺动脉高压(pulmonary arterial hypertension,PAH)是以肺血管病理性重塑和肺动脉压升高为特征的进行性心肺疾病。骨形态发生蛋白受体2(bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2,BMPR2)信号通路功能异常是驱动PAH发生发展的关键分子机制。作为PAH的主要遗传易感因素,约70%的遗传性PAH(heritable PAH,HPAH)和20%的特发性PAH(idiopathic PAH,IPAH)患者携带BMPR2突变。传统观点认为BMPR2通过Smad依赖的经典信号通路调控血管稳态,但近年研究显示其非经典信号通路(如TAK1-MAPK、PI3K-AKT、RhoAROCK等)的异常激活也是驱动PAH进展的关键因素。本文阐述BMPR2非经典信号通路的分子机制及其在PAH中的作用,并介绍靶向这些通路的治疗潜力。展开更多
文摘AIM： To investigate the role of major non-protein and protein sulfhydryls and disulfides in chemically induced gastric hemorrhagic mucosal lesions （HML） and the mechanism of gastroprotective effect of sucralfate.METHODS： Rats were given 1 mL of 75% ethanol, 25%NaCl, 0.6 mol/L HCI, 0.2 mol/L NaOH or 1% ammonia solutions intragastrically （i.g.） and sacrificed 1, 3, 6 or 12 min later. Total （reduced and oxidized） glutathione （GSH ＋ GSSG）, glutathione disulfide （GSSG）, protein free sulfhydryls （PSH）, protein-glutathione mixed disulfides （PSSG） and protein cystine disulfides （PSSP） were measured in gastric mucosa and liver.RESULTS： Reduced glutathione （GSH） was depleted in the gastric mucosa after ethanol, HCI or NaCl exposure,while oxidized glutathione （GSSG） concentrations increased, except by HCI and NaOH exposure. Decreased levels of PSH after exposure to ethanol were observed,NaCl or NaOH while the total protein disulfides were increased. Ratios of reduced to oxidized glutathione or sulfhydrils to disulfides were decreased by all chemicals.No changes in thiol homeostasis were detected in the liver after i.g. abbreviation should be spelled out the first time here administration of ethanol. Sucralfate increased the concentrations of GSH and PSH and prevented the ethanol-induced changes in gastric mucosal thiol concentrations.CONCLUSION： Our modified methods are now suitable for direct measurements of major protein and nonprotein thiols/disulfides in the gastric mucosa or liver.A common element in the pathogenesis of chemically induced HML and in the mechanism of gastroprotective drugs seems to be the decreased ratios of reduced and oxidized glutathione as well as protein sulfhydryls and disulfides.
基金funded by the National Key Technology R&D Program for the 11th Five-Year Plan (2006BAD29B05 and 2006BAD56B04)Achievements Conversion Fund of Shanxi Science and Technology Department,Animal Breeding Fund of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shanxi Natural Science Foundation (2010011040-4)Doctor Research Fund of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences (YBSJJ0901)
文摘[Objective] The experiment was conducted to investigate the growth performance of graze cattle fed on non-protein nitrogen （NPN） supplement. [ Method] The experiment was conducted in late spring and early summer before grazing. Thirty Chinese SimmentaI-Taihang taxa bulls at the age of 9-10 months weighing 150-170 kg were divided into the control group, experimental group 1 and experimental group 2, 10 in each group, Each cattle in the experimental group 1 fed on the basal diet supplemented 1.0 kg cornmeal every day. Each cattle in the experimental group 2 fed on the basal diet supplemented 1.0 kg cornmeal and 0.25 kg NPN supplement every day. Those in the control group were fed on the basal di- et. The experiment was performed for 100 d. [Result] The average daily gain of the experimental group I was 217 g larger than that of the control group, while the average daily gain of the experimental group 2 was 429 g larger than that of the control group. The differences in the average daily gain were significant between the three groups. [ Conclusion ] The growth performance of cattle grazed in northern slopes was obviously improved by supplementing a small amount of concentrate in feed. The improvement was more remarkable if a small amount of NPN supplement was also added in feed.
基金funded by the Higher Vocational Colleges and Higher Junior Colleges Research Project of Heilongjiang Provincial Education Department (11515077)
文摘Slow-release non-protein nitrogen feed has a large market demand. It has a long research history, but its production technology needs further improvement in order to realize the industrial production of slow-release non-protein nitrogen extruded feed. By designing the best formula and using chelating and emulsifying process, the slow-release non-protein nitrogen extruded feed additives were produced. This product increases milk yield and improves milk quality, thus increasing economic efficiency.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFD0300509).
文摘Protein in rice grains is an important source of nutrition for rice consumers.This study mainly aimed to identify the critical factors that determine grain protein concentration in rice.Accumulation parameters,including mean accumulation rate(Rmean)and active accumulation duration(Dactive),for protein and non-protein components and their correlations with protein concentration in rice grains were investigated in field experiments conducted over two years with six rice cultivars.Results showed that grain protein concentration ranged from 9.6%to 11.9%across cultivars and years.Accumulation processes of protein and non-protein components were well fitted by the logistic equation for all six rice cultivars in both years,and the ratio of protein to non-protein for R_(mean) and D_(active) ranged from 0.08 to 0.12 and 1.01 to 1.33,respectively.Grain protein concentration was significantly correlated with protein to non-protein ratio for R_(mean).This study suggests that grain protein concentration is not solely determined by the accumulation of protein or non-protein component,but by the coordination of protein and non-protein accumulation.
文摘为实现南极磷虾(Euphausia superba)品质的快速评定,本研究将近红外光谱技术(Near infrared spectroscopy,NIRS)与偏最小二乘法(Partial least squares,PLS)相结合,构建用于快速预测磷虾体内非蛋白氮(Non-protein nitrogen,NPN)含量和挥发性盐基氮(Total volatile base nitrogen,TVB-N)含量的近红外定量分析模型。采集近红外光谱后,通过比较决定系数(Coefficient of determination,R^(2))、校正标准偏差(Root mean square error of calibration,RMSEC)、预测标准偏差(Root mean square error of prediction,RMSEP)等模型的评价参数,选取近红外光谱定量分析模型的最佳预处理方式、特征光谱范围以及主因子数。结果显示,NPN含量模型的最佳预处理方法为多元散射校正(Multiplicative signal correction,MSC),其特征光谱范围为8887.1~7774.2 cm-1;TVB-N含量模型则采用MSC与卷积平滑(Savitzky-Golay smoothing,SG)相结合的方式进行预处理,建模范围为全波段。两个定量模型的主因子数均为5。经模型的优化与外部验证,最终构建的PLS最优模型如下:NPN含量近红外定量分析模型的R^(2)为0.9384,RMSEC为0.279,RMSEP为0.443;TVB-N含量近红外定量分析模型的R^(2)为0.8685,RMSEC为3.800,RMSEP为4.070。研究结果表明,两个模型均具有良好的预测精度(R^(2)>0.85)和稳定性,其中NPN定量分析模型的预测能力优于TVB-N定量分析模型。综上,本研究基于NIRS与PLS构建的定量分析模型能够有效预测南极磷虾体内的NPN和TVB-N含量,为南极磷虾的品质评价提供了可靠的技术支持,满足快速评定的实际应用需求。
文摘猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome,PRRS)主要是由猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus,PRRSV)所引起的,该病症在母猪群体中,主要表现为流产、产出死胎、弱仔以及木乃伊胎;在仔猪群体里,则以呼吸功能出现障碍以及罹患败血症为显著特征。PRRSV有着较快的传播速度和较强的传染性,这使得PRRS在规模化养猪场中成为一种常见的接触性传染病。PRRSV的流行对养猪业造成严重的经济影响。科学防治PRRS需要对病原生物学,特别是病原感染机制的知识。因此,本文从PRRSV的基因组结构,各个病毒编码蛋白的功能、特别是病毒蛋白在感染中的作用机制等方面进行综述,旨在为PRRSV的研究以及制定相应的防控策略提供参考。
文摘The complex responses of eukaryotic cells to external factors are governed by several transcriptional and post-transcriptional processes. Several of them occur in the nucleus and have been linked to the action of non-proteincoding RNAs （or npcRNAs）, both long and small npcRNAs, that recently emerged as major regulators of gene expression. Regulatory npcRNAs acting in the nucleus include silencing-related RNAs, intergenic npcRNAs, natural antisense RNAs, and other aberrant RNAs resulting from the interplay between global transcription and RNA processing activities （such as Dicers and RNA-dependent polymerases）. Generally, the resulting npcRNAs exert their regulatory effects through interactions with RNA-binding proteins （or RBPs） within ribonucleoprotein particles （or RNPs）. A large group of RBPs are implicated in the silencing machinery through small interfering RNAs （siRNAs） and their localization suggests that several act in the nucleus to trigger epigenetic and chromatin changes at a whole-genome scale. Other nuclear RBPs interact with npcRNAs and change their localization. In the fission yeast, the RNA-binding Mei2p protein, playing pivotal roles in meiosis, interact with a meiotic npcRNA involved in its nuclear re-localization. Related processes have been identified in plants and the ENOD40 npcRNA was shown to re-localize a nuclear-speckle RBP from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in Medicago truncatula. Plant RBPs have been also implicated in RNA-mediated chromatin silencing in the FLC locus through interaction with specific antisense transcripts. In this review, we discuss the interactions between RBPs and npcRNAs in the context of nuclear-related processes and their implication in plant development and stress responses. We propose that these interactions may add a regulatory layer that modulates the interactions between the nuclear genome and the environment and, consequently, control plant developmental plasticity.
文摘糖蛋白非转移性黑色素瘤蛋白B(glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B,GPNMB)是一种广泛表达于多种组织的I型跨膜糖蛋白,其在细胞黏附、迁移、免疫调节及基质重塑等过程中发挥关键作用。近年来,研究表明GPNMB可通过PI3K/Akt/mTOR、MAPK、CD44/整合素等信号通路参与肿瘤转移、纤维化进程、免疫耐受及神经保护等多种病理生理过程。虽然其在乳腺癌、黑色素瘤及肝纤维化等疾病中的作用已较为明确,但在呼吸系统疾病中的研究仍处于起步阶段。现有证据提示,GPNMB在非小细胞肺癌、特发性肺纤维化及慢性阻塞性肺疾病中高表达,并可能通过调控“肺泡上皮细胞-巨噬细胞-成纤维细胞”信号轴影响疾病发生与进展。本文旨在综述GPNMB的分子特性及其在多种疾病中的作用机制,重点归纳其在非小细胞肺癌、特发性肺纤维化及慢性阻塞性肺疾病等呼吸系统疾病中的研究现状。
文摘动脉型肺动脉高压(pulmonary arterial hypertension,PAH)是以肺血管病理性重塑和肺动脉压升高为特征的进行性心肺疾病。骨形态发生蛋白受体2(bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2,BMPR2)信号通路功能异常是驱动PAH发生发展的关键分子机制。作为PAH的主要遗传易感因素,约70%的遗传性PAH(heritable PAH,HPAH)和20%的特发性PAH(idiopathic PAH,IPAH)患者携带BMPR2突变。传统观点认为BMPR2通过Smad依赖的经典信号通路调控血管稳态,但近年研究显示其非经典信号通路(如TAK1-MAPK、PI3K-AKT、RhoAROCK等)的异常激活也是驱动PAH进展的关键因素。本文阐述BMPR2非经典信号通路的分子机制及其在PAH中的作用,并介绍靶向这些通路的治疗潜力。
