New-type urbanization(NTU)is proposed by China to solve unsustainable issues and improve green development efficiency(GDE)during the process of rapid urbanization.However,the impact mechanism of NTU on GDE is unclear....New-type urbanization(NTU)is proposed by China to solve unsustainable issues and improve green development efficiency(GDE)during the process of rapid urbanization.However,the impact mechanism of NTU on GDE is unclear.Using panel data of 282 prefecture-level cities in China from 2010 to 2019,we measured NTU and GDE to describe their spatiotemporal pattern and relationship evolution.The fixed effects panel model and mediating effect panel model were further utilized to analyze the benchmark impact,mediating mechanism and spatiotem-poral heterogeneity of NTU on GDE.The results showed that NTU improved,with the highest levels observed in the eastern region,while GDE increased with fluctuations,performing better in both the eastern and western regions.With the proportion of double-high cities increasing from 13.83%to 43.62%,the NTU-GDE relationship was upgraded.Overall,every 1%improvement in NTU increased GDE by 0.3111%,and the enterprise effect,resident effect and government effect played a positive mediating role from high to low.During the later stage of NTU,its impact on GDE strengthened significantly,and the mediating role of governments was optimized.The eastern region was the only region with three positive mediating roles of governments,enterprises and residents.These findings will promote GDE through NTU in China and serve as a valuable reference for sustainable global urbanization.展开更多
The future development of new-type urbanization has drawn great attention from both the government and public alike. In this context, the present study had three related research aims. Firstly, it sought to predict th...The future development of new-type urbanization has drawn great attention from both the government and public alike. In this context, the present study had three related research aims. Firstly, it sought to predict the urbanization and population dynamics in China at both national and provincial levels for the period of 2015 to 2030. Secondly, on this basis, it sought to examine the spatial variation of urbanization given the predicted national urbaniza- tion rate of 70.12%. Thirdly, it sought to estimate and evaluate the national and provincial demands of investment in the development of new-type urbanization. The main conclusions from this study were as follows： （1） The population size and urbanization rate will reach 1.445 billion and 70.12%, respectively, from 2015 to 2030. （2） The demographic dividend will vanish when the population pressure reaches its maximum. During this period, there will be 70.16 million urban population born. The suburban population that becomes urbanized will be 316.7 million, and thus the net increase in urban population will reach 386 million. （3） Although the urbanization rate of every Chinese province will increase during 2015-2030, it will do so un- equally, while differences in urbanization quality among provinces will also be substantial. In some provinces, moreover, the urbanization quality is not compatible with their eco-social development. （4）A total of 4,105,380 billion yuan is required to fund new-type urbanization and the investment demand for each province varies greatly; for example, Guangdong prov- ince requires the most funding, amounting to approximately 148 times that required by Tibet, the province in least need of funding. In the final part of this study, policy suggestions con- cerning the investment of the new-type urbanization are put forward and discussed.展开更多
Although the factors affecting rural-to-urban migration have been discussed and analyzed in detail, few studies have examined the spatiotemporal dynamic characteristics of rural migrants’ employment and working-citie...Although the factors affecting rural-to-urban migration have been discussed and analyzed in detail, few studies have examined the spatiotemporal dynamic characteristics of rural migrants’ employment and working-cities in the post-immigrate era, which is essential for the citizenization and social integration of new-type urbanization in China. This study uses survey data from rural migration laborers across the eastern, central, and western China to construct a comprehensive labor migration stability index, and compares the determinants of the migration stability of rural labor among cities and industries using Geodetector. The results are as follows: 1) Compared with the midwestern cities, eastern cities have attracted younger and more skilled rural labor, and industries with higher technical content have higher migration stability among rural laborers. 2) Rural laborers more often adapt to changes by changing employment instead of changing working-cities. 3) The individual experiences of rural laborers and urban characteristics have significant impacts on the stability of migration, and family and societal guanxi(Chinese interpersonal relationships) enhance migration stability. 4) A unified labor market and convenient transportation have somewhat slowed industrial transfers and labor backflow. This study enhances our understanding of the roles of industrial transfer and new-type urbanization in shaping the labor geography landscape and provides policy implications for the promotion of people-oriented urbanization.展开更多
The characteristic town is a dynamic and vivid case of experience of Zhejiang.With the internet town Wuzheng,Aficion chocolate town Jiashan,photovoltaic town Xiuzhou in Zhejiang as the research perspective,the concept...The characteristic town is a dynamic and vivid case of experience of Zhejiang.With the internet town Wuzheng,Aficion chocolate town Jiashan,photovoltaic town Xiuzhou in Zhejiang as the research perspective,the concept of development that the production,life and ecology merge together and the development direction and value of New-type urbanization is consistent,and it is the effective path of New-type urbanization development.At the same time,these towns provide a model for the development of the country small town。展开更多
Based on the panel data(2005-2019)of cities(prefectures)in the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle,we have developed an evaluation system for agricultural modernization and new-type urbanization that measures the develo...Based on the panel data(2005-2019)of cities(prefectures)in the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle,we have developed an evaluation system for agricultural modernization and new-type urbanization that measures the development level of each city and applies the coupling and coordination model to calculate their coupling and combination levels.The results indicate that the level of comprehensive order parameters of agricultural modernization in various cities(prefectures)in the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle generally displays an upward trend.The areas with high-degree agricultural modernization were mainly distributed in Chengdu from 2005 to 2010,and the center of agricultural modernization was shifted to western areas after 2010,with a stable upward trend in the level of comprehensive order parameters of new-type urbanization.In terms of coupling degree,there was an overall upward trend.Except for Nanchong and Dazhou,other cities(prefectures)progressed from“Undeveloped Coordination”to“Intermediate Coordination.”The imbalanced development of agricultural modernization and new-type urbanization continually improved,with the combination level increasing from“Low-Low”to“Medium-Medium.”展开更多
The ultimate goal of new-type urbanization is to integrate urban and rural areas, which is influenced by various factors such as urban and rural populations, technology, capital, resources, etc. Accordingly, the need ...The ultimate goal of new-type urbanization is to integrate urban and rural areas, which is influenced by various factors such as urban and rural populations, technology, capital, resources, etc. Accordingly, the need and importance of economic, social, cultural, and ecological factors ought to be analyzed to promote new-type urbanization. In this paper, we first describe the driving factors of new-type urbanization, and then we conduct an empirical study on the driving factors of new-type urbanization and analyze the data with Logit model. Finally, it is put forward that more effort should be made to accelerate new-type urbanization in such aspects as top-down design, government support, social interaction, etc.展开更多
With the continuous progress of new-type urbanization in Karst mountain area, how to correctly deal with the relationship between urban economy and land use are attracting much attention. Based on the land-use change ...With the continuous progress of new-type urbanization in Karst mountain area, how to correctly deal with the relationship between urban economy and land use are attracting much attention. Based on the land-use change data, this paper analyzes the characteristics of land use change and its driving factors in Guiyang with the method of land-use dynamic analysis, land utilization and factor correlation analysis. We get the following results:(1) the change of land use was obvious during 2004 and 2012. The area of arable land and other land were decreased, the rate of decrease are 3.89% and 8.24%. In the meantime, a series of construction land and forest area increased a lot, the rate of increase are 3.89% and 8.24%.(2) The integrated land use dynamic degree of two research stages(2004-2009 and 2009-2012) were decreased from 2.12% to 0.34%, this suggests dynamic changes of land tend to be stable.(3) Four kinds of Land use class have a great contribution to the index of land use degree respectively. The composite index of land use degree rose from 229.58 to 247.19 during 2004 and 2012; the land use is still in the development stage.(4) Economy, population, transportation and policy guidance are the main drivers of land use change.展开更多
Rapid urbanization in China has led to inefficient use of urban land and spatial structure disorder,attracting attention from academia and society.Taking the Yangtze River Delta,China as an example,this study construc...Rapid urbanization in China has led to inefficient use of urban land and spatial structure disorder,attracting attention from academia and society.Taking the Yangtze River Delta,China as an example,this study constructed an index evaluation system that quantitatively analyses the impact of new-type urbanization(NTU)on urban land use efficiency(ULUE)from 2000 to 2020 using a panel data vector autoregressive model.The results show that NTU in the Yangtze River Delta promotes ULUE improvement.However,the promotion of NTU to ULUE is limited,and the level of urban economic development also plays a role in promoting the change of ULUE.Moreover,the study further analyzed the results of urbanization decomposition and found that population urbanization(PU),economic urbanization(EU),spatial urbanization(SU),and social urbanization(SCU)can explain changes in ULUE in the Yangtze River Delta to a certain extent.In terms of variance decomposition,PU contributed the most to ULUE,followed by EU,SU,and SCU.Some necessary measures should be taken to coordinate the development of different types of urbanization,improve the sustainable utilization level of land resources,and provide a reference for high-quality development in the Yangtze River Delta.展开更多
At present, with the new urbanization as the background of the situation in our country, local governments in China especiallyin the central region as the representative of Henan Province, is to take this opportunity ...At present, with the new urbanization as the background of the situation in our country, local governments in China especiallyin the central region as the representative of Henan Province, is to take this opportunity to create their own economic heights and industrialagglomeration, and constantly improve the level of urbanization of the original, but the town level cannot improve open the power of capital, thelocal government of is facing fi nancing, fi nancing platform, fi nancing channels and fi nancing policy and a series of fi nancing systems caused byfi nancing diffi culties. Therefore, as the perspective of the local government, a new study of investment and fi nancing system and the risk measure,can more effectively guide and encourage the existing capital city infrastructure and public services to improve the fi eld.展开更多
On the afternoon of April 19,National Development and Reform Commission（NDRC）held a press briefing.Xu Lin,Head of Planning Department,introduced major tasks for advancing new-type urbanization in2016.
With the large-scale population flow between regions and the gradual disappearance of the“demographic dividend,”promoting the accumulation of higher education human capital and leveraging the“talent dividend”have ...With the large-scale population flow between regions and the gradual disappearance of the“demographic dividend,”promoting the accumulation of higher education human capital and leveraging the“talent dividend”have become the important driving forces for the development of new-type urbanization.Therefore,understanding the relationship between higher education human capital and new-type urbanization is a scientific issue that needs to be addressed.The results of this study demonstrate three features of that relationship:(1)From 2010 to 2020,the level of higher education human capital in Guizhou Province showed a continuous increase and a spatial distribution pattern of gradual decline in a stepwise“central-northwest-southeast”manner.(2)From 2010 to 2020,the level of new-type urbanization in Guizhou Province gradually increased,forming a dual-core development pattern with the“Qianzhong Urban Cluster”and the“Zunyi Metropolitan Area”.Overall,it exhibited a spatial distribution pattern of gradual decline from northwest to southeast.(3)Threshold effect model results indicate that higher education human capital promotes new-type urbanization when below a single threshold or above a double threshold,but hinders it when between these thresholds.This results in an“N”-shaped developmental relationship.展开更多
Urban forests are essential components of green infrastructure,however,rapid urbanization-induced changes in landscape patterns may affect their ecosystem services through complex ecological processes.A total of 184 s...Urban forests are essential components of green infrastructure,however,rapid urbanization-induced changes in landscape patterns may affect their ecosystem services through complex ecological processes.A total of 184 sample plots in the built-up areas of Nanchang,China,were used as research sites.Urbanization intensities were categorized by the rate of impervious surface area,and forest types were classified into landscape and relaxation forest,attached forest(AF),road forest(RF),and ecological public welfare forest.This study aimed to explore the spatial variations in vegetation characteristics and landscape pattern indices of different forest types under rapid urbanization.The results indicated that the largest patch index(LPI),aggregation index(AI),and percentage of landscape(PLAND)in RF and AF were lower than those in the other forest types(p<0.05).With increasing urbanization intensity,the mean perimeter-area ratio increased by 130.84%,whereas the PLAND,LPI,and AI decreased by 22−86%(p<0.05).Redundancy analysis and variation partitioning suggested that the interpretation rate of landscape pattern indices for variations in vegetation characteristics increased from low to heavy urbanization areas.Especially,the landscape shape index,patch connection index,PLAND,and mean patch size were significantly correlated with vegetation characteristics(e.g.,tree richness,herb coverage,and tree height).In the future,appropriate landscape layout superiority cases should be considered in different urbanization areas and forest types;for instance,increasing the patch connection index will beneficially improve the diversity of trees and herbs in heavy urbanization areas and the RF.This study serves as a reference for maximizing the ecosystem services of urban forests.展开更多
Urbanization is a significant driver of the loss of biodiversity and the disruption of ecosystems.Amphibians are especially vulnerable to the negative impact of urbanization as their life cycles and habitat requiremen...Urbanization is a significant driver of the loss of biodiversity and the disruption of ecosystems.Amphibians are especially vulnerable to the negative impact of urbanization as their life cycles and habitat requirements are complex.The present study investigated the effects of urbanization on amphibian predation networks in suburban Kunming in Yunnan,China and aimed to understand how predation network structure and stability vary with urbanization level.We constructed predation networks by analyzing the stomach contents of amphibians from 12d istinct urbanization gradients.We used the bipartite package in R to evaluate network robustness metrics such as modularity,nestedness,connectivity,and average shortest path length(ASPL).We found that urbanization level is negatively correlated with predation network connectivity(R=−0.67,Ρ=0.02),but there were no significant correlations between urbanization level and nestedness,modularity,or ASPL.Removal of the keystone species destabilized the predation networks at certain locations.The present work highlighted that maintaining prey quantity and diversity preserves predation network connectivity and stabilizes the overall network in urbanizing landscapes.It also underscored the critical role that keystone species play in sustaining network robustness.The results of this research provided insights into the ecological consequences of urbanization.They also suggested that conservation measures should protect the key species and habitats of amphibian predation networks and mitigate the negative impact of urban development on them.展开更多
Sikkim,located in the Eastern Himalayan Region,represents one of the 36 globally recognized biodiversity hotspots and harbors an exceptional range of ecosystems within a relatively small geographic area.Over the past ...Sikkim,located in the Eastern Himalayan Region,represents one of the 36 globally recognized biodiversity hotspots and harbors an exceptional range of ecosystems within a relatively small geographic area.Over the past few decades,the region has witnessed rapid urbanization alongside other developmental activities such as hydropower construction,road expansion,mining and infrastructure development.While these processes have contributed to socioeconomic development,they have simultaneously exerted significant pressure on the fragile mountain environment.This review examines the impacts of urbanization on biodiversity in the Sikkim Himalaya drawing attention to the ways in which land-use change due to urbanization,habitat fragmentation and economic development have altered ecological dynamics and threatened biodiversity of this region.The findings of the current study suggest that unplanned urban growth has led to the degradation of forest cover,disruption of ecological corridors thereby diminishing ecosystem resilience of the region.In addition,the current study highlights the challenges of balancing developmental imperatives with environmental conservation in the study area where both ecological integrity and human livelihoods are intricately interdependent.This study highlights the urgent need for integrated land-use planning that incorporates ecological corridors,urban green spaces,and community-based conservation to mitigate biodiversity loss.Strengthened governance, sustainable tourism, invasive species control, and systematic biodiversity monitoring are essential tobalance urban development with ecological integrity. Most importantly, holistic and interdisciplinary approaches arecritical to ensuring that urban growth in the Global Biodiversity Hotspot of the Sikkim Himalaya aligns with globalbiodiversity conservation goals and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).展开更多
Seasonal cycles are essential components of weather and climatic systems. This study utilized observational data from a meteorological station on an island in the South China Sea from 1961 to 2020, along with ERA5 rea...Seasonal cycles are essential components of weather and climatic systems. This study utilized observational data from a meteorological station on an island in the South China Sea from 1961 to 2020, along with ERA5 reanalysis data, to explore the variations in seasonal cycles and thermal comfort characteristics on the island. The observational data revealed that the onset of summer on the island occurred earlier each year, whereas the onset of autumn was gradually delayed,leading to an increase in the duration of summer. Urbanization had played an important role in elevating local temperatures and extending the duration of summer. The thermal comfort index exhibited a clear upward trend annually, reflecting a shift towards warmer and less comfortable conditions due to urbanization. From 1961 to 2020, the annual average thermal comfort index indicated that 36 years(60%) were characterized by hot discomfort, and 24 years(40%) were within the comfortable range. The number of comfortable days per year on the island exhibited a declining trend. Urbanization markedly influenced the thermal comfort levels on the island, contributing to an annual increase in the number of hot discomfort days. However, the reanalysis data did not reflect the actual observed changes in the comfort characteristics on the island.展开更多
Great Lakes Regions(GLRs)in China often confront landscape fragmentation,wetland degradation,and ecological resilience(ER)losses owing to extensive and intensive urbanization.In GLRs,however,the ER responses to urbani...Great Lakes Regions(GLRs)in China often confront landscape fragmentation,wetland degradation,and ecological resilience(ER)losses owing to extensive and intensive urbanization.In GLRs,however,the ER responses to urbanization remain unclear.This study explored the spatiotemporal evolution of ER and urbanization in five GLRs in China to analyze the ER dynamic patterns along center−lakeside−periphery gradient.The Spatial Durbin Model(SDM)and Panel Threshold Model(PTM)were combined to reveal the spillover and threshold effects of urbanization in five GLRs.The results indicate that the ER in five GLRs declined with a rate of 21%from 2000 to 2020.There was a clear“center-periphery”contraction trend with low ER areas primarily spreading to human activity-concentrated regions such as lakesides,riversides,and road networks.Driven by economic and land urbanization,the average urbanization level increased from 0.06 to 0.13,where lakesides,riversides,and road networks were key areas undergoing expansion.The urbanization showed a noticeable negative spatial spillover effect on ER.Away from central lakes,the negative impacts on ER exhibited a two-phase decrease with the threshold of 81 km.This study contributes to the understanding of human-environment interactions by examining the ecological resilience response process of GLRs under the impact of urbanization.Based on a multidimensional“center−lakeside−periphery”analytical model,this study provides a strategic framework for ecological construction in GLRs in China,promoting sustainable development and adaptive capacity in vulnerable areas.展开更多
As urbanization is an evolutionary process of the open giant system of complex spaces,solutions should be sought based on the scientifi c method of "limited solutions to complex problems." Firstly,as people ...As urbanization is an evolutionary process of the open giant system of complex spaces,solutions should be sought based on the scientifi c method of "limited solutions to complex problems." Firstly,as people are the core of human settlements,urbanization should show its care for humans and thus for human settlements; secondly,a human settlement civilization should be cultivated on the basis of ecological civilization; thirdly,rural development should be promoted in units of county,in order to coordinate the urban-rural development; fourthly,it should encourage the decision-makers and think tanks to improve the management mechanism. As transformation becomes the general trend of this era,we need also to understand the Sciences of Human Settlements from the perspective of scientifi c transformation,which is expected to break new grounds in the Sciences of Human Settlements.展开更多
The rapid population and land urbanization not only promoted economic development but also affected the ecosystem service value(ESV).In the context of new-type urbanization and green development,it’s essential to inv...The rapid population and land urbanization not only promoted economic development but also affected the ecosystem service value(ESV).In the context of new-type urbanization and green development,it’s essential to investigate the impacts of urbanization on ESV in China.However,a comprehensive and dynamic framework to reveal the relationship between ESV and urbanization processes is lacking.This study adopted multi-source datasets to portray China’s urbanization process by integrating population,land,and economic urbanization,eval-uated the ESV changes of 10 categories by gross ecosystem product(GEP)methods,and explored ESV changes within different urbanization scales and speeds.The results showed rapid urbanization in the population,land,and economic dimensions in China,with a faster process of economic urbanization.The ESV also exhibited an increasing trend,with higher levels in the southeastern coastal regions and lower levels in the northwestern regions.Urbanization had positive impacts on ESV across various research units,but the ESV exhibited heteroge-neous changes across different urbanization scales,speeds,and their interactive effects.The response of ESV to dynamic urbanization processes was influenced by socio-economic,ecological,and policy factors;it is essential to combine targeted measures with general ecological product value realization methods in each unit to maximize social-economic-ecological benefits.展开更多
Enhancing urban ecological resilience(UER)is a new concept for modern tourism-oriented cities to cope with environmental crises.Revealing the impact of the urbanization on UER is critical to the sustainability of urba...Enhancing urban ecological resilience(UER)is a new concept for modern tourism-oriented cities to cope with environmental crises.Revealing the impact of the urbanization on UER is critical to the sustainability of urban ecosystems.Taking Zhangjiajie,a typical tourism-oriented city,as an example,urbanization level(UL)and UER evaluation system were constructed,and the change trend was analyzed.The Granger Causality Test model was used to discuss the relationship between UL and UER.The results showed that:(1)the urbanization rate of Zhangjiajie significantly increased by 0.531 from 2011 to 2020.Cili county has the highest UL,and Wulingyuan district including a large number of scenic spots has the fastest development trend.(2)The ecological restoration was more sensitive in the face of rising pressure,and showed a synchronized change trend with pressure.The high pressure in 2016 had the most significant impact on resistance.This effect continued into 2019,with an average decline in resistance of 0.802.(3)The UL has significantly promoted the improvement of urban ecological restoration.Specially,tourism urbanization was the most significant in scenic spots,while economic and social urbanization played a major role in other regions for the improvement of ecological restoration.展开更多
Dryland regions face complex interactions between urbanization and ecological changes,where effective coordination is essential for enhancing sustainability and resilience.However,most studies concentrate on the natio...Dryland regions face complex interactions between urbanization and ecological changes,where effective coordination is essential for enhancing sustainability and resilience.However,most studies concentrate on the national or provincial scales,with insufficient research on county-level coordination,limiting the ability to provide targeted polifrom a precise perspective.This study addresses this gap by analyzing 39 counties within the Hohhot-Baotou-Ordos-Yulin Urban Agglomeration(HBOYUA),a typical dryland urban cluster in China.We use daytime and nighttime remote sensing images to track the spatio-temporal evolution of urbanization and ecological conditions from 1992 to 2023.A novel quantitative framework based on an improved coupling coordination degree(CCD)is proposed to assess their coordination relationship.The results reveal that:(1)Urbanization and ecological quality both exhibited fluctuating upward trends,with spatial heterogeneity increasing for urbanization and decreasing for the eco-environment.Regions with better ecological conditions had higher urbanization levels.(2)The overall coordinated level improved from imbalance(0.36)to low-level coordination(0.55),although its spatial distribution remained uneven,with central urban areas showing higher CCD than surrounding counties.(3)Socioeconomic factors exerted greater effects on CCD than natural factors,with GDP and land surface temperature(LST)playing a significant role in interaction analysis.(4)In western arid regions,urbanization did not necessarily harm ecosystems;instead,ecological conditions improved alongside urbanization.This research offers targeted and valuable references for county and city governments in resource allocation and sustainable development.The proposed methodology is also adaptable for urban resilience studies in other regions.展开更多
基金supported by the Third Xinjiang Scientific Expedition Program(Grant No.2021xjkk0905)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42121001).
文摘New-type urbanization(NTU)is proposed by China to solve unsustainable issues and improve green development efficiency(GDE)during the process of rapid urbanization.However,the impact mechanism of NTU on GDE is unclear.Using panel data of 282 prefecture-level cities in China from 2010 to 2019,we measured NTU and GDE to describe their spatiotemporal pattern and relationship evolution.The fixed effects panel model and mediating effect panel model were further utilized to analyze the benchmark impact,mediating mechanism and spatiotem-poral heterogeneity of NTU on GDE.The results showed that NTU improved,with the highest levels observed in the eastern region,while GDE increased with fluctuations,performing better in both the eastern and western regions.With the proportion of double-high cities increasing from 13.83%to 43.62%,the NTU-GDE relationship was upgraded.Overall,every 1%improvement in NTU increased GDE by 0.3111%,and the enterprise effect,resident effect and government effect played a positive mediating role from high to low.During the later stage of NTU,its impact on GDE strengthened significantly,and the mediating role of governments was optimized.The eastern region was the only region with three positive mediating roles of governments,enterprises and residents.These findings will promote GDE through NTU in China and serve as a valuable reference for sustainable global urbanization.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41501137, No.41530634, No.41271186
文摘The future development of new-type urbanization has drawn great attention from both the government and public alike. In this context, the present study had three related research aims. Firstly, it sought to predict the urbanization and population dynamics in China at both national and provincial levels for the period of 2015 to 2030. Secondly, on this basis, it sought to examine the spatial variation of urbanization given the predicted national urbaniza- tion rate of 70.12%. Thirdly, it sought to estimate and evaluate the national and provincial demands of investment in the development of new-type urbanization. The main conclusions from this study were as follows： （1） The population size and urbanization rate will reach 1.445 billion and 70.12%, respectively, from 2015 to 2030. （2） The demographic dividend will vanish when the population pressure reaches its maximum. During this period, there will be 70.16 million urban population born. The suburban population that becomes urbanized will be 316.7 million, and thus the net increase in urban population will reach 386 million. （3） Although the urbanization rate of every Chinese province will increase during 2015-2030, it will do so un- equally, while differences in urbanization quality among provinces will also be substantial. In some provinces, moreover, the urbanization quality is not compatible with their eco-social development. （4）A total of 4,105,380 billion yuan is required to fund new-type urbanization and the investment demand for each province varies greatly; for example, Guangdong prov- ince requires the most funding, amounting to approximately 148 times that required by Tibet, the province in least need of funding. In the final part of this study, policy suggestions con- cerning the investment of the new-type urbanization are put forward and discussed.
基金the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41471469)the Key Project of National Natural Science Found of China(No.41930651)Sichuan Provincial Research Center for Philosophy and Social Sciences-Sichuan Rural Development Research Center(No.CR1908)。
文摘Although the factors affecting rural-to-urban migration have been discussed and analyzed in detail, few studies have examined the spatiotemporal dynamic characteristics of rural migrants’ employment and working-cities in the post-immigrate era, which is essential for the citizenization and social integration of new-type urbanization in China. This study uses survey data from rural migration laborers across the eastern, central, and western China to construct a comprehensive labor migration stability index, and compares the determinants of the migration stability of rural labor among cities and industries using Geodetector. The results are as follows: 1) Compared with the midwestern cities, eastern cities have attracted younger and more skilled rural labor, and industries with higher technical content have higher migration stability among rural laborers. 2) Rural laborers more often adapt to changes by changing employment instead of changing working-cities. 3) The individual experiences of rural laborers and urban characteristics have significant impacts on the stability of migration, and family and societal guanxi(Chinese interpersonal relationships) enhance migration stability. 4) A unified labor market and convenient transportation have somewhat slowed industrial transfers and labor backflow. This study enhances our understanding of the roles of industrial transfer and new-type urbanization in shaping the labor geography landscape and provides policy implications for the promotion of people-oriented urbanization.
文摘The characteristic town is a dynamic and vivid case of experience of Zhejiang.With the internet town Wuzheng,Aficion chocolate town Jiashan,photovoltaic town Xiuzhou in Zhejiang as the research perspective,the concept of development that the production,life and ecology merge together and the development direction and value of New-type urbanization is consistent,and it is the effective path of New-type urbanization development.At the same time,these towns provide a model for the development of the country small town。
基金supported by Soft Science Project of Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology in 2021,“Research on the degree of coupling and coordination of transportation infrastructure and high-quality economic development in the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle”(Project number:2021JDR0070)
文摘Based on the panel data(2005-2019)of cities(prefectures)in the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle,we have developed an evaluation system for agricultural modernization and new-type urbanization that measures the development level of each city and applies the coupling and coordination model to calculate their coupling and combination levels.The results indicate that the level of comprehensive order parameters of agricultural modernization in various cities(prefectures)in the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle generally displays an upward trend.The areas with high-degree agricultural modernization were mainly distributed in Chengdu from 2005 to 2010,and the center of agricultural modernization was shifted to western areas after 2010,with a stable upward trend in the level of comprehensive order parameters of new-type urbanization.In terms of coupling degree,there was an overall upward trend.Except for Nanchong and Dazhou,other cities(prefectures)progressed from“Undeveloped Coordination”to“Intermediate Coordination.”The imbalanced development of agricultural modernization and new-type urbanization continually improved,with the combination level increasing from“Low-Low”to“Medium-Medium.”
文摘The ultimate goal of new-type urbanization is to integrate urban and rural areas, which is influenced by various factors such as urban and rural populations, technology, capital, resources, etc. Accordingly, the need and importance of economic, social, cultural, and ecological factors ought to be analyzed to promote new-type urbanization. In this paper, we first describe the driving factors of new-type urbanization, and then we conduct an empirical study on the driving factors of new-type urbanization and analyze the data with Logit model. Finally, it is put forward that more effort should be made to accelerate new-type urbanization in such aspects as top-down design, government support, social interaction, etc.
文摘With the continuous progress of new-type urbanization in Karst mountain area, how to correctly deal with the relationship between urban economy and land use are attracting much attention. Based on the land-use change data, this paper analyzes the characteristics of land use change and its driving factors in Guiyang with the method of land-use dynamic analysis, land utilization and factor correlation analysis. We get the following results:(1) the change of land use was obvious during 2004 and 2012. The area of arable land and other land were decreased, the rate of decrease are 3.89% and 8.24%. In the meantime, a series of construction land and forest area increased a lot, the rate of increase are 3.89% and 8.24%.(2) The integrated land use dynamic degree of two research stages(2004-2009 and 2009-2012) were decreased from 2.12% to 0.34%, this suggests dynamic changes of land tend to be stable.(3) Four kinds of Land use class have a great contribution to the index of land use degree respectively. The composite index of land use degree rose from 229.58 to 247.19 during 2004 and 2012; the land use is still in the development stage.(4) Economy, population, transportation and policy guidance are the main drivers of land use change.
基金Under the auspices of National Social Science Foundation(No.22FGLB021)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20200109)+2 种基金Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection,Ministry of Natural Resource(No.2021CZEPK05)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42101282)Project of Philosophy and Social Science Research in Colleges and Universities of Jiangsu Province,China(No.2019SJA0246)。
文摘Rapid urbanization in China has led to inefficient use of urban land and spatial structure disorder,attracting attention from academia and society.Taking the Yangtze River Delta,China as an example,this study constructed an index evaluation system that quantitatively analyses the impact of new-type urbanization(NTU)on urban land use efficiency(ULUE)from 2000 to 2020 using a panel data vector autoregressive model.The results show that NTU in the Yangtze River Delta promotes ULUE improvement.However,the promotion of NTU to ULUE is limited,and the level of urban economic development also plays a role in promoting the change of ULUE.Moreover,the study further analyzed the results of urbanization decomposition and found that population urbanization(PU),economic urbanization(EU),spatial urbanization(SU),and social urbanization(SCU)can explain changes in ULUE in the Yangtze River Delta to a certain extent.In terms of variance decomposition,PU contributed the most to ULUE,followed by EU,SU,and SCU.Some necessary measures should be taken to coordinate the development of different types of urbanization,improve the sustainable utilization level of land resources,and provide a reference for high-quality development in the Yangtze River Delta.
文摘At present, with the new urbanization as the background of the situation in our country, local governments in China especiallyin the central region as the representative of Henan Province, is to take this opportunity to create their own economic heights and industrialagglomeration, and constantly improve the level of urbanization of the original, but the town level cannot improve open the power of capital, thelocal government of is facing fi nancing, fi nancing platform, fi nancing channels and fi nancing policy and a series of fi nancing systems caused byfi nancing diffi culties. Therefore, as the perspective of the local government, a new study of investment and fi nancing system and the risk measure,can more effectively guide and encourage the existing capital city infrastructure and public services to improve the fi eld.
文摘On the afternoon of April 19,National Development and Reform Commission（NDRC）held a press briefing.Xu Lin,Head of Planning Department,introduced major tasks for advancing new-type urbanization in2016.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(41261039)The Research on the Seventh National Population Census Project in Guizhou(8300-202201020036)。
文摘With the large-scale population flow between regions and the gradual disappearance of the“demographic dividend,”promoting the accumulation of higher education human capital and leveraging the“talent dividend”have become the important driving forces for the development of new-type urbanization.Therefore,understanding the relationship between higher education human capital and new-type urbanization is a scientific issue that needs to be addressed.The results of this study demonstrate three features of that relationship:(1)From 2010 to 2020,the level of higher education human capital in Guizhou Province showed a continuous increase and a spatial distribution pattern of gradual decline in a stepwise“central-northwest-southeast”manner.(2)From 2010 to 2020,the level of new-type urbanization in Guizhou Province gradually increased,forming a dual-core development pattern with the“Qianzhong Urban Cluster”and the“Zunyi Metropolitan Area”.Overall,it exhibited a spatial distribution pattern of gradual decline from northwest to southeast.(3)Threshold effect model results indicate that higher education human capital promotes new-type urbanization when below a single threshold or above a double threshold,but hinders it when between these thresholds.This results in an“N”-shaped developmental relationship.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32460380,42007042)State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture(SKLSSKF2023-06)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(20242BAB25389)National Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(202410410029X)Jiangxi Province Graduate Student Innovation Special Fund Project(YC2024-S330).
文摘Urban forests are essential components of green infrastructure,however,rapid urbanization-induced changes in landscape patterns may affect their ecosystem services through complex ecological processes.A total of 184 sample plots in the built-up areas of Nanchang,China,were used as research sites.Urbanization intensities were categorized by the rate of impervious surface area,and forest types were classified into landscape and relaxation forest,attached forest(AF),road forest(RF),and ecological public welfare forest.This study aimed to explore the spatial variations in vegetation characteristics and landscape pattern indices of different forest types under rapid urbanization.The results indicated that the largest patch index(LPI),aggregation index(AI),and percentage of landscape(PLAND)in RF and AF were lower than those in the other forest types(p<0.05).With increasing urbanization intensity,the mean perimeter-area ratio increased by 130.84%,whereas the PLAND,LPI,and AI decreased by 22−86%(p<0.05).Redundancy analysis and variation partitioning suggested that the interpretation rate of landscape pattern indices for variations in vegetation characteristics increased from low to heavy urbanization areas.Especially,the landscape shape index,patch connection index,PLAND,and mean patch size were significantly correlated with vegetation characteristics(e.g.,tree richness,herb coverage,and tree height).In the future,appropriate landscape layout superiority cases should be considered in different urbanization areas and forest types;for instance,increasing the patch connection index will beneficially improve the diversity of trees and herbs in heavy urbanization areas and the RF.This study serves as a reference for maximizing the ecosystem services of urban forests.
基金supported by Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(202501BD070001-081).
文摘Urbanization is a significant driver of the loss of biodiversity and the disruption of ecosystems.Amphibians are especially vulnerable to the negative impact of urbanization as their life cycles and habitat requirements are complex.The present study investigated the effects of urbanization on amphibian predation networks in suburban Kunming in Yunnan,China and aimed to understand how predation network structure and stability vary with urbanization level.We constructed predation networks by analyzing the stomach contents of amphibians from 12d istinct urbanization gradients.We used the bipartite package in R to evaluate network robustness metrics such as modularity,nestedness,connectivity,and average shortest path length(ASPL).We found that urbanization level is negatively correlated with predation network connectivity(R=−0.67,Ρ=0.02),but there were no significant correlations between urbanization level and nestedness,modularity,or ASPL.Removal of the keystone species destabilized the predation networks at certain locations.The present work highlighted that maintaining prey quantity and diversity preserves predation network connectivity and stabilizes the overall network in urbanizing landscapes.It also underscored the critical role that keystone species play in sustaining network robustness.The results of this research provided insights into the ecological consequences of urbanization.They also suggested that conservation measures should protect the key species and habitats of amphibian predation networks and mitigate the negative impact of urban development on them.
文摘Sikkim,located in the Eastern Himalayan Region,represents one of the 36 globally recognized biodiversity hotspots and harbors an exceptional range of ecosystems within a relatively small geographic area.Over the past few decades,the region has witnessed rapid urbanization alongside other developmental activities such as hydropower construction,road expansion,mining and infrastructure development.While these processes have contributed to socioeconomic development,they have simultaneously exerted significant pressure on the fragile mountain environment.This review examines the impacts of urbanization on biodiversity in the Sikkim Himalaya drawing attention to the ways in which land-use change due to urbanization,habitat fragmentation and economic development have altered ecological dynamics and threatened biodiversity of this region.The findings of the current study suggest that unplanned urban growth has led to the degradation of forest cover,disruption of ecological corridors thereby diminishing ecosystem resilience of the region.In addition,the current study highlights the challenges of balancing developmental imperatives with environmental conservation in the study area where both ecological integrity and human livelihoods are intricately interdependent.This study highlights the urgent need for integrated land-use planning that incorporates ecological corridors,urban green spaces,and community-based conservation to mitigate biodiversity loss.Strengthened governance, sustainable tourism, invasive species control, and systematic biodiversity monitoring are essential tobalance urban development with ecological integrity. Most importantly, holistic and interdisciplinary approaches arecritical to ensuring that urban growth in the Global Biodiversity Hotspot of the Sikkim Himalaya aligns with globalbiodiversity conservation goals and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A6001,42475077)Innovation Platform for Academicians of Hainan Province。
文摘Seasonal cycles are essential components of weather and climatic systems. This study utilized observational data from a meteorological station on an island in the South China Sea from 1961 to 2020, along with ERA5 reanalysis data, to explore the variations in seasonal cycles and thermal comfort characteristics on the island. The observational data revealed that the onset of summer on the island occurred earlier each year, whereas the onset of autumn was gradually delayed,leading to an increase in the duration of summer. Urbanization had played an important role in elevating local temperatures and extending the duration of summer. The thermal comfort index exhibited a clear upward trend annually, reflecting a shift towards warmer and less comfortable conditions due to urbanization. From 1961 to 2020, the annual average thermal comfort index indicated that 36 years(60%) were characterized by hot discomfort, and 24 years(40%) were within the comfortable range. The number of comfortable days per year on the island exhibited a declining trend. Urbanization markedly influenced the thermal comfort levels on the island, contributing to an annual increase in the number of hot discomfort days. However, the reanalysis data did not reflect the actual observed changes in the comfort characteristics on the island.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.42301226,42271209 and 42471199)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2024CDJXY014)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(Grant No.20242BAB25170)Special Funds for Water Resources in Jiangxi Province(Science and Technology Projects)(Grant No.202425YBKT16)the Young Talent Cultivation and Innovation Fund Project of Nanchang University(Grant No.XX202506030028).
文摘Great Lakes Regions(GLRs)in China often confront landscape fragmentation,wetland degradation,and ecological resilience(ER)losses owing to extensive and intensive urbanization.In GLRs,however,the ER responses to urbanization remain unclear.This study explored the spatiotemporal evolution of ER and urbanization in five GLRs in China to analyze the ER dynamic patterns along center−lakeside−periphery gradient.The Spatial Durbin Model(SDM)and Panel Threshold Model(PTM)were combined to reveal the spillover and threshold effects of urbanization in five GLRs.The results indicate that the ER in five GLRs declined with a rate of 21%from 2000 to 2020.There was a clear“center-periphery”contraction trend with low ER areas primarily spreading to human activity-concentrated regions such as lakesides,riversides,and road networks.Driven by economic and land urbanization,the average urbanization level increased from 0.06 to 0.13,where lakesides,riversides,and road networks were key areas undergoing expansion.The urbanization showed a noticeable negative spatial spillover effect on ER.Away from central lakes,the negative impacts on ER exhibited a two-phase decrease with the threshold of 81 km.This study contributes to the understanding of human-environment interactions by examining the ecological resilience response process of GLRs under the impact of urbanization.Based on a multidimensional“center−lakeside−periphery”analytical model,this study provides a strategic framework for ecological construction in GLRs in China,promoting sustainable development and adaptive capacity in vulnerable areas.
文摘As urbanization is an evolutionary process of the open giant system of complex spaces,solutions should be sought based on the scientifi c method of "limited solutions to complex problems." Firstly,as people are the core of human settlements,urbanization should show its care for humans and thus for human settlements; secondly,a human settlement civilization should be cultivated on the basis of ecological civilization; thirdly,rural development should be promoted in units of county,in order to coordinate the urban-rural development; fourthly,it should encourage the decision-makers and think tanks to improve the management mechanism. As transformation becomes the general trend of this era,we need also to understand the Sciences of Human Settlements from the perspective of scientifi c transformation,which is expected to break new grounds in the Sciences of Human Settlements.
基金supported by the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41931293)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42271275).
文摘The rapid population and land urbanization not only promoted economic development but also affected the ecosystem service value(ESV).In the context of new-type urbanization and green development,it’s essential to investigate the impacts of urbanization on ESV in China.However,a comprehensive and dynamic framework to reveal the relationship between ESV and urbanization processes is lacking.This study adopted multi-source datasets to portray China’s urbanization process by integrating population,land,and economic urbanization,eval-uated the ESV changes of 10 categories by gross ecosystem product(GEP)methods,and explored ESV changes within different urbanization scales and speeds.The results showed rapid urbanization in the population,land,and economic dimensions in China,with a faster process of economic urbanization.The ESV also exhibited an increasing trend,with higher levels in the southeastern coastal regions and lower levels in the northwestern regions.Urbanization had positive impacts on ESV across various research units,but the ESV exhibited heteroge-neous changes across different urbanization scales,speeds,and their interactive effects.The response of ESV to dynamic urbanization processes was influenced by socio-economic,ecological,and policy factors;it is essential to combine targeted measures with general ecological product value realization methods in each unit to maximize social-economic-ecological benefits.
基金The National Key Research and Development Project,No.2022YFF1303204。
文摘Enhancing urban ecological resilience(UER)is a new concept for modern tourism-oriented cities to cope with environmental crises.Revealing the impact of the urbanization on UER is critical to the sustainability of urban ecosystems.Taking Zhangjiajie,a typical tourism-oriented city,as an example,urbanization level(UL)and UER evaluation system were constructed,and the change trend was analyzed.The Granger Causality Test model was used to discuss the relationship between UL and UER.The results showed that:(1)the urbanization rate of Zhangjiajie significantly increased by 0.531 from 2011 to 2020.Cili county has the highest UL,and Wulingyuan district including a large number of scenic spots has the fastest development trend.(2)The ecological restoration was more sensitive in the face of rising pressure,and showed a synchronized change trend with pressure.The high pressure in 2016 had the most significant impact on resistance.This effect continued into 2019,with an average decline in resistance of 0.802.(3)The UL has significantly promoted the improvement of urban ecological restoration.Specially,tourism urbanization was the most significant in scenic spots,while economic and social urbanization played a major role in other regions for the improvement of ecological restoration.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42330106。
文摘Dryland regions face complex interactions between urbanization and ecological changes,where effective coordination is essential for enhancing sustainability and resilience.However,most studies concentrate on the national or provincial scales,with insufficient research on county-level coordination,limiting the ability to provide targeted polifrom a precise perspective.This study addresses this gap by analyzing 39 counties within the Hohhot-Baotou-Ordos-Yulin Urban Agglomeration(HBOYUA),a typical dryland urban cluster in China.We use daytime and nighttime remote sensing images to track the spatio-temporal evolution of urbanization and ecological conditions from 1992 to 2023.A novel quantitative framework based on an improved coupling coordination degree(CCD)is proposed to assess their coordination relationship.The results reveal that:(1)Urbanization and ecological quality both exhibited fluctuating upward trends,with spatial heterogeneity increasing for urbanization and decreasing for the eco-environment.Regions with better ecological conditions had higher urbanization levels.(2)The overall coordinated level improved from imbalance(0.36)to low-level coordination(0.55),although its spatial distribution remained uneven,with central urban areas showing higher CCD than surrounding counties.(3)Socioeconomic factors exerted greater effects on CCD than natural factors,with GDP and land surface temperature(LST)playing a significant role in interaction analysis.(4)In western arid regions,urbanization did not necessarily harm ecosystems;instead,ecological conditions improved alongside urbanization.This research offers targeted and valuable references for county and city governments in resource allocation and sustainable development.The proposed methodology is also adaptable for urban resilience studies in other regions.
