Brain metastasis and primary glioblastoma multiforme represent the most common and lethal malignant brain tumors.Its median survival time is typically less than a year after diagnosis.One of the major challenges in tr...Brain metastasis and primary glioblastoma multiforme represent the most common and lethal malignant brain tumors.Its median survival time is typically less than a year after diagnosis.One of the major challenges in treating these cancers is the efficiency of the transport of drugs to the central nervous system.The blood-brain barrier is cooperating with advanced stages of malignancy.The blood-brain barrier poses a significant challenge to delivering systemic medications to brain tumors.Nanodrug delivery systems have emerged as promising tools for effectively crossing this barrier.Additionally,the development of smart nanoparticles brings new hope for cancer diagnosis and treatment.These nanoparticles improve drug delivery efficiency,allowing for the creation of targeted and stimuli-responsive delivery methods.This review highlights recent advancements in nanoparticle and smart nanoparticle technologies for brain cancer treatment,exploring the range of nanoparticles under development,their applications,targeting strategies,and the latest progress in enhancing transport across the blood-brain barrier.It also addresses the ongoing challenges and potential benefits of these innovative approaches.展开更多
Directly occluding polymer nanoparticles into growing host crystals provides a versatile pathway for synthe sizing polymer-inorganic composite crystals,where vip nanoparticles are distributed within the crystal matr...Directly occluding polymer nanoparticles into growing host crystals provides a versatile pathway for synthe sizing polymer-inorganic composite crystals,where vip nanoparticles are distributed within the crystal matrix.However,systematically controlling the extent of nanoparticle occlusion within a host crystal remains a significant challenge.In this study,we employ a one-step,soap-free emulsion polymerization method to synthesize polyethyleneimine-functionalized poly(tert-butyl methacrylate)(PtBMA/PEI)nanoparticles.These cationic nanoparticles are subsequently modified using formaldehyde to systematically tune the content of surface amine group via the Eschweiler-Clarke reaction.This approach yields a series of model nanoparticles that allow us to investigate how surface chemistry influences the extent of nanoparticle occlusion within calcite crystals.Our findings reveal that the extent of nanoparticle occlusion within calcite crystals is proportional to the surface amine group content.This study offers a new design rule for creating composite crystals with tailored compositions through a nanoparticle occlusion strategy.展开更多
The optically levitated mechanical system in vacuum is a powerful platform in physics.It has been displaying more extensive application prospects.This paper presents an experimental study of optical levitation,identif...The optically levitated mechanical system in vacuum is a powerful platform in physics.It has been displaying more extensive application prospects.This paper presents an experimental study of optical levitation,identification,motion measurement,and assembly of two-species photoluminescence nanoparticles.A laser trapping array simultaneously levitates nitrogen-vacancy(NV)nanodiamonds and Yb^(3+)/Er^(3+):NaYF_(4)nanoparticles.The species of each nanoparticle can be individually identified by measuring the photoluminescence spectrum.We choose the single NV nanodiamond and Yb^(3+)/Er^(3+):NaYF_(4)nanoparticle and assemble them into a Janus composite nanoparticle,which integrates the merits of the two components.This work demonstrates the potential advantages of a hybrid optically levitated system.It provides a practicable scheme for the study of macroscopic quantum phenomena and precision measurement,thanks to the spin manipulation or spin-mechanical coupling of an NV diamond and by simultaneously implementing laser refrigeration to the Yb^(3+)/Er^(3+):NaYF_(4)nanoparticle in an optically levitated composite nanoparticle.展开更多
Synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles(ZnO-NPs)via green method is an outstanding alternative to conventional/regular methods;however,the safety or toxicity of the biosynthesized ZnO-NPs in vivo is not fully explored.T...Synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles(ZnO-NPs)via green method is an outstanding alternative to conventional/regular methods;however,the safety or toxicity of the biosynthesized ZnO-NPs in vivo is not fully explored.This study was conducted to evaluate the protective efficiency of cinnamaldehyde-loaded chitosan nanoparticles(Cin@CSNPs)against oxidative damage and genotoxicity of ZnO-NPs in mice.ZnO-NPs were biosynthesized using the extract of fresh leaves of Mentha pulegium L.Cin was extracted from cinnamon essential oil,and was loaded into chitosan nanoparticle(Cin@CSNPs).Both ZnO-NPs,Cin@CSNPs and CSNPs were characterized.The in vitro release of Cin@CSNPs was determined.In the biological study,6 groups of male BALB/c mice were treated by gavage for 3 weeks as follows,control group,the group received ZnO-NPs(25 mg/kg b.w),the groups received Cin@CSNPs at low dose(50 mg/kg b.w)or high dose(100 mg/kg b.w),and the groups received ZnO-NPs plus Cin@CSNPs at the 2 tested doses.Blood and tissue samples were collected for different biochemical,genetical and histological studies.The particle size of ZnO-NPs,CSNPs,and Cin@CSNPs were(20.78±2.60),(170.0±3.7),and(218.23±2.90)nm,andξ-potential were(32.7±4.6),(8.32±0.27)and(4.80±0.21)mV,respectively.ZnO-NPs disturbed the biochemical and oxidative stress indices,AFP,CEA,TNF-α,chromosomal aberrations in somatic and germ cells,and sperm abnormality along with severe pathological changes in the hepatic,renal,and testicular tissues.Cin@CSNPs improved significantly all the parameters tested and the histological picture in a dose-dependent.Therefore,the biosynthesized ZnO-NPs exhibit oxidative damage and genotoxicity,and Cin@CSNPs have potential protective effects against the risks of ZnO-NPs and may be a promising tool to overcome the challenges of using Cin in food and pharmaceuticals applications.展开更多
Persistent luminescence is a unique optical phenomenon that continues to emit light for minutes or even hours after the excitation stops,which can significantly enhance the sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio of ima...Persistent luminescence is a unique optical phenomenon that continues to emit light for minutes or even hours after the excitation stops,which can significantly enhance the sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio of imaging[1].Among numerous persistent luminescence materials,lanthanide-doped fluoride nanoparticles have shown tunable persistent luminescence across the UV-vis-NIR spectrum(200-1700 nm)under X-ray excitation and adjustable size,promising significant applications in deep-tissue imaging[2,3],security encryption,and data storage[4].In particular,those exhibiting NIR-II luminescence(1000-1700 nm)provide key advantages such as deeper tissue penetration,higher contrast,and minimal interference from biological autofluorescence.However,challenges such as low brightness and rapid signal decay,especially in the NIR-II region,limit their effectiveness in long-term monitoring,including tumor theranostics[5].Traditional approaches like size control and surface passivation yield only marginal improvements,underscoring the need for next-generation nanoparticles with superior NIR-II brightness.展开更多
High-resolution non-emissive displays based on electrochromic tungsten oxides(WOx)are crucial for future near-eye virtual/augmented reality interactions,given their impressive attributes such as high environmental sta...High-resolution non-emissive displays based on electrochromic tungsten oxides(WOx)are crucial for future near-eye virtual/augmented reality interactions,given their impressive attributes such as high environmental stability,ideal outdoor readability,and low energy consumption.However,the limited intrinsic structure of inorganic materials has presented a significant challenge in achieving precise patterning/pixelation at the micron scale.Here,we successfully developed the direct photolithography for WOx nanoparticles based on in situ photo-induced ligand exchange.This strategy enabled us to achieve ultra-high resolution efficiently(line width<4μm,the best resolution for reported inorganic electrochromic materials).Additionally,the resulting device exhibited impressive electrochromic performance,such as fast response(<1 s at 0 V),high coloration efficiency(119.5 cm^(2) C^(−1)),good optical modulation(55.9%),and durability(>3600 cycles),as well as promising applications in electronic logos,pixelated displays,flexible electronics,etc.The success and advancements presented here are expected to inspire and accelerate research and development(R&D)in high-resolution non-emissive displays and other ultra-fine micro-electronics.展开更多
Silver nanoparticles(Ag NPs)have attracted attention in the field of biomaterials due to their excellent antibacterial property.However,the reducing and stabilizing agents used for the chemical reduction of Ag NPs are...Silver nanoparticles(Ag NPs)have attracted attention in the field of biomaterials due to their excellent antibacterial property.However,the reducing and stabilizing agents used for the chemical reduction of Ag NPs are usually toxic and may cause water pollution.In this work,Ag NPs(31.2 nm in diameter)were prepared using the extract of straw,an agricultural waste,as the reducing and stabilizing agent.Experimental analysis revealed that the straw extract contained lignin,the structure of which possesses phenolic hydroxyl and methoxy groups that facilitate the reduction of silver salts into Ag NPs.The surfaces of Ag NPs were negatively charged due to the encapsulation of a thin layer of lignin molecules that prevented their aggregation.After the prepared Ag NPs were added to the precursor solution of acrylamide,free radical polymerization was triggered without the need for extra heating or light irradiation,resulting in the rapid formation of an Ag NP-polyacrylamide composite hydrogel.The inhibition zone test proved that the composite hydrogel possessed excellent antibacterial ability due to the presence of Ag NPs.The prepared hydrogel may have potential applications in the fabrication of biomedical materials,such as antibacterial dressings.展开更多
Ma et al recently reported in the World Journal of Diabetes that ferroptosis occurs in osteoblasts under high glucose conditions,reflecting diabetes pathology.This condition could be protected by the upregulation of t...Ma et al recently reported in the World Journal of Diabetes that ferroptosis occurs in osteoblasts under high glucose conditions,reflecting diabetes pathology.This condition could be protected by the upregulation of the gene encoding polycytosine RNA-binding protein 1(PCBP1).Additionally,Ma et al used a lentivirus infection system to express PCBP1.As the authors’method of administration can be improved in terms of stability and cost,we propose delivering PCBP1 to treat type 2 diabetic osteoporosis by encapsulating it in protein nanoparticles.First,PCBP1 is small and druggable.Second,intravenous injection can help deliver PCBP1 across the mucosa while avoiding acid and enzyme-catalyzed degradation.Furthermore,incorporating PCBP1 into nanoparticles prevents its interaction with water or oxygen and protects PCBP1’s structure and activity.Notably,the safety of the protein materials and the industrialization techniques for large-scale production of protein nanoparticles must be comprehensively investigated before clinical application.展开更多
Spinal cord injuries lead to significant loss of motor, sensory, and autonomic functions, presenting major challenges in neural regeneration. Achieving effective therapeutic concentrations at injury sites has been a s...Spinal cord injuries lead to significant loss of motor, sensory, and autonomic functions, presenting major challenges in neural regeneration. Achieving effective therapeutic concentrations at injury sites has been a slow process, partly due to the difficulty of delivering drugs effectively. Nanoparticles, with their targeted delivery capabilities, biocompatibility, and enhanced bioavailability over conventional drugs, are garnering attention for spinal cord injury treatment. This review explores the current mechanisms and shortcomings of existing treatments, highlighting the benefits and progress of nanoparticle-based approaches. We detail nanoparticle delivery methods for spinal cord injury, including local and intravenous injections, oral delivery, and biomaterial-assisted implantation, alongside strategies such as drug loading and surface modification. The discussion extends to how nanoparticles aid in reducing oxidative stress, dampening inflammation, fostering neural regeneration, and promoting angiogenesis. We summarize the use of various types of nanoparticles for treating spinal cord injuries, including metallic, polymeric, protein-based, inorganic non-metallic, and lipid nanoparticles. We also discuss the challenges faced, such as biosafety, effectiveness in humans, precise dosage control, standardization of production and characterization, immune responses, and targeted delivery in vivo. Additionally, we explore future directions, such as improving biosafety, standardizing manufacturing and characterization processes, and advancing human trials. Nanoparticles have shown considerable progress in targeted delivery and enhancing treatment efficacy for spinal cord injuries, presenting significant potential for clinical use and drug development.展开更多
Atherosclerosis(AS)is a progressive inflammatory disease,and thrombosis most likely leads to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality globally.Thrombolytic drugs alone cannot completely prevent thrombotic events,and tre...Atherosclerosis(AS)is a progressive inflammatory disease,and thrombosis most likely leads to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality globally.Thrombolytic drugs alone cannot completely prevent thrombotic events,and treatments targeting thrombosis also need to regulate the inflammatory process.Based on the dynamic pathological development of AS,biomimetic thrombus-targeted nanoparticles HMTL@PM were prepared.Hirudin and lumbrukinase,effective substances of traditional Chinese medicine,were self-assembled under the action of tannic acid and Mn^(2+).HMTL@PM dissociated in the weakly acidic microenvironment of atherosclerosis and exhibited excellent therapeutic effects,including alleviating inflammation,dissolving thrombus,anticoagulation,and promoting cholesterol efflux.HMTL@PM effectively regulated the progression of AS and provided a newperspective for the development of drug delivery systems for AS therapy,which holds important research significance for reducing the mortality of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.展开更多
The overuse of antibiotics and antitumor drugs has resulted in more and more extensive pollution of water bodies with organic drugs,causing detrimental ecological effects,which have attracted attention towards effecti...The overuse of antibiotics and antitumor drugs has resulted in more and more extensive pollution of water bodies with organic drugs,causing detrimental ecological effects,which have attracted attention towards effective and sustainable methods for antibiotics and antitumor drug degradation.Here,the hybrid nanomaterial(g-C_(3)N_(4)@Fe/Pd)was synthesized and used to remove a kind of both an antibiotic and antitumor drug named mitoxantrone(MTX)with 92.0%removal efficiency,and the MTX removal capacity is 450 mg/g.After exposing to the hybrid material the MTX aqueous solution changed color from dark blue to lighter progressively,and LC-UV results of residual solutions showthat a newpeak at 3.0min(MTX:13.2min)after removal by g-C_(3)N_(4)@Fe/Pd appears,with the simultaneous detection of intermediate products indicating that g-C_(3)N_(4)@Fe/Pd indeed degrades MTX.Detailed mass spectrometric analysis suggests that the nuclear mass ratio decreased from 445.2(M+1H)to 126.0(M+1H),169.1(M+1H),239.2(M+1H),267.3(M+1H),285.2(M+1H),371.4(M+1H)and 415.2(M+1H),and the maximum proportion(5.63%)substance of all degradation products(126.0(M+1H))is 40-100 times less toxic than MTX.A mechanism for the removal and degradation of mitoxantrone was proposed.Besides,actual water experiments confirmed that the maximum removal capacity of MTX by g-C_(3)N_(4)@Fe/Pd is up to 492.4 mg/g(0.02 g/L,10 ppm).展开更多
A steady rise in the overall population is creating an overburden on crops due to their global demand.On the other hand,given the current climate change and population growth,agricultural practices established during ...A steady rise in the overall population is creating an overburden on crops due to their global demand.On the other hand,given the current climate change and population growth,agricultural practices established during the Green Revolution are no longer viable.Consequently,innovative practices are the prerequisite of the time struggle with the rising global food demand.The potential of nanotechnology to reduce the phytotoxic effects of these ecological restrictions has shown significant promise.Nanoparticles(NPs)typically enhance plant resilience to stressors by fortifying the physical barrier,optimizing photosynthesis,stimulating enzymatic activity for defense,elevating the concentration of stress-resistant compounds,and activating the expression of genes associated with defense mechanisms.In this review,we thoroughly cover the uptake and translocations of NPs crops and their potential valuable functions in enhancing plant growth and development at different growth stages.Additionally,we addressed how NPs improve plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stress.Generally,this review presents a thorough understanding of the significance of NPs in plants and their prospective value for plant antioxidant and crop development.展开更多
BACKGROUND Primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)is a chronic autoimmune-mediated cholestatic liver disease.Nanoparticles encapsulating rapamycin(ImmTOR)suppress adaptive immune responses and induce the hepatic tolerogenic ...BACKGROUND Primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)is a chronic autoimmune-mediated cholestatic liver disease.Nanoparticles encapsulating rapamycin(ImmTOR)suppress adaptive immune responses and induce the hepatic tolerogenic immune response.AIM To investigate the effects of ImmTOR in PBC mouse models.METHODS PBC models were induced in C57BL/6 mice by two immunizations of 2-octynoic acid-coupled bovine serum albumin at two-week intervals,and polycytidylic acid every three days.The PBC mouse models were separated into the treatment group and the control group.The levels of alkaline phosphatase(ALP)and alanine aminotransferase in the mice were detected using an automatic biochemical analyzer.Liver and spleen mononuclear cells were analyzed by flow cytometry,and serum anti-mitochondrial antibodies(AMA)and the related cytokines were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Liver histopathology was examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining and scored.RESULTS After treatment with ImmTOR,the ALP level was significantly decreased(189.60 U/L±27.25 U/L vs 156.00 U/L±17.21 U/L,P<0.05),the level of AMA was reduced(1.28 ng/mL±0.27 ng/mL vs 0.56 ng/mL±0.07 ng/mL,P<0.001)and the expression levels of interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factorαwere significantly decreased(48.29 pg/mL±10.84 pg/mL vs 25.01 pg/mL±1.49 pg/mL,P<0.0001)and(84.24 pg/mL±23.47 pg/mL vs 40.66 pg/mL±14.65 pg/mL,P<0.001).The CD4+T lymphocytes,CD8+T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes in the liver were significantly reduced,with statistically significant differences(24.21%±6.55%vs 15.98%±3.03%,P<0.05;9.09%±1.91%vs 5.49%±1.00%,P<0.001;80.51%±2.96%vs 75.31%±4.34%,P<0.05).The expression of CD8+T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes in the ImmTOR treatment group also decreased(9.09%±1.91%vs 5.49%±1.00%,P<0.001;80.51%±2.96%vs 75.31%±4.34%,P<0.05).The liver pathology of PBC mice in the treatment group showed reduced inflammation and a decreased total pathology score,and the difference in the scores was statistically significant(4.50±2.88 vs 1.75±1.28,P<0.05).CONCLUSION ImmTOR can improve biochemistry and pathology of liver obvious by inhibiting the expression of CD8+T cells and B cells,and reducing the titer of AMA.展开更多
This study presents a novel method to fabricate metal-decorated,sulfur-doped layered double hydroxides(M/SLDH)through spontaneous redox and sulfurization processes.The developed Ag/SLDH and Pt/SLDH catalysts with abun...This study presents a novel method to fabricate metal-decorated,sulfur-doped layered double hydroxides(M/SLDH)through spontaneous redox and sulfurization processes.The developed Ag/SLDH and Pt/SLDH catalysts with abundant heterogeneous interfaces and hierarchical nanostructures demonstrated outstanding oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)performance,achieving low overpotentials of 212 and 35 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2)in 1 M KOH,respectively.As both anode and cathode in water splitting,they required only 1.47 V to reach 10 mA cm^(-2)and exhibited high structural robustness,maintaining stability at 1000 mA cm^(-2)for 300 h.In-situ Raman analysis revealed that the synergistic effects of metal nanoparticles and S doping significantly promote the transformation into the S-Co1-xFexOOH layer,which serves as the active phase for water oxidation.Additionally,ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy(UPS)and density functional theory(DFT)analyses indicated that incorporating metal nanoparticles and S doping increase electron density near the Fermi level and reduce reaction energy barriers,thus enhancing intrinsic OER and HER activities.This study provides a scalable strategy for synthesizing high-performance electrocatalysts for water splitting,with promising potential for broader applications.展开更多
The self-assembled nanoparticles(SAN)formed during the decoction process of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)exhibit non-uniform particle sizes and a tendency for aggregation.Our group found that the p H-driven method...The self-assembled nanoparticles(SAN)formed during the decoction process of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)exhibit non-uniform particle sizes and a tendency for aggregation.Our group found that the p H-driven method can improve the self-assembly phenomenon of Herpetospermum caudigerum Wall.,and the SAN exhibited uniform particle size and demonstrated good stability.In this paper,we analyzed the interactions between the main active compound,herpetrione(Her),and its main carrier,Herpetospermum caudigerum Wall.polysaccharide(HCWP),along with their self-assembly mechanisms under different p H values.The binding constants of Her and HCWP increase with rising p H,leading to the formation of Her-HCWP SAN with a smaller particle size,higher zeta potential,and improved thermal stability.While the contributions of hydrogen bonding and electrostatic attraction to the formation of Her-HCWP SAN increase with rising p H,the hydrophobic force consistently plays a dominant role.This study enhances our scientific understanding of the self-assembly phenomenon of TCM improved by p H driven method.展开更多
Polystyrene nanoparticles pose significant toxicological risks to aquatic ecosystems,yet their impact on zebrafish(Danio rerio)embryonic development,particularly erythropoiesis,remains underexplored.This study used si...Polystyrene nanoparticles pose significant toxicological risks to aquatic ecosystems,yet their impact on zebrafish(Danio rerio)embryonic development,particularly erythropoiesis,remains underexplored.This study used single-cell RNA sequencing to comprehensively evaluate the effects of polystyrene nanoparticle exposure on erythropoiesis in zebrafish embryos.In vivo validation experiments corroborated the transcriptomic findings,revealing that polystyrene nanoparticle exposure disrupted erythrocyte differentiation,as evidenced by the decrease in mature erythrocytes and concomitant increase in immature erythrocytes.Additionally,impaired heme synthesis further contributed to the diminished erythrocyte population.These findings underscore the toxic effects of polystyrene nanoparticles on hematopoietic processes,highlighting their potential to compromise organismal health in aquatic environments.展开更多
Organic nanophotocatalysts are promising candidates for solar fuels production,but they still face the challenge of unfavorable geminate recombination due to the limited exciton diffusion lengths.Here,we introduce a b...Organic nanophotocatalysts are promising candidates for solar fuels production,but they still face the challenge of unfavorable geminate recombination due to the limited exciton diffusion lengths.Here,we introduce a binary nanophotocatalyst fabricated by blending two polymers,PS-PEG5(PS)and PBT-PEG5(PBT),with matched absorption and emission spectra,enabling a Forster resonance energy transfer(FRET)process for enhanced photocatalysis.These heterostructure nanophotocatalysts are processed using a facile and scalable flash nanoprecipitation(FNP)technique with precious kinetic control over binary nanoparticle formation.The resulting nanoparticles exhibit an exceptional photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate up to 65 mmol g^(-1) h^(-1),2.5 times higher than that single component nanoparticles.Characterizations through fluorescence spectra and transient absorption spectra confirm the hetero-energy transfer within the binary nanoparticles,which prolongs the excited-state lifetime and extends the namely“effective exciton diffusion length”.Our finding opens new avenues for designing efficient organic photocatalysts by improving exciton migration.展开更多
Enhanced UV-B radiation represents a major environmental factor impacting global cereal production.Researchers have explored various approaches to reduce the detrimental impact of UV-B radiation on crops.Recently,engi...Enhanced UV-B radiation represents a major environmental factor impacting global cereal production.Researchers have explored various approaches to reduce the detrimental impact of UV-B radiation on crops.Recently,engineered nanoparticles,particularly cerium oxide nanoparticles(CeO_(2)-NPs),have attracted widespread interest for their ability to boost plant tolerance to a range of abiotic stresses.This study investigates how CeO_(2)-NPs application affects the morphology,physiology,biochemistry,and transcriptomics profiles of wheat seedling roots subjected to enhanced UV-B stress.The findings demonstrate that CeO_(2)-NPs notably promoted root length,fresh and dry weights,and root activity(p<0.05)under enhanced UV-B stress.CeO_(2)-NP treatment reduced the content of hydrogen peroxide<(H_(2)O_(2))and malondialdehyde(MDA)in wheat,alleviating oxidative damage in seedling roots and partially restoring the root phenotype.Under non-UV-B stress conditions,CeO_(2)-NP treatment triggered the difference of 237 transcripts in plants relative to the control group.Under enhanced UV-B stress,CeO_(2)-NP treatment exhibited differentially expressed genes(DEGs)linked to the antioxidant defense mechanism responsible for reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavenging,compared to the non-nanoparticle control.This suggests that ROS scavenging may be a key mechanism by which CeO_(2)-NPs enhance wheat resistance to enhanced UV-B radiation.This study elucidates a potential molecular mechanism through which CeO_(2)nanoparticles may enhance wheat tolerance to UV-B stress.展开更多
Obesity has become a global threat to health;however,the available drugs for treating obesity are limited.We investigated the anti-obesity effect of hydroxy-α-sanshool(HAS),an amide derived from the fruit of Zanthoxy...Obesity has become a global threat to health;however,the available drugs for treating obesity are limited.We investigated the anti-obesity effect of hydroxy-α-sanshool(HAS),an amide derived from the fruit of Zanthoxylum bungeanum,which promotes the management of obesity by triggering the browning of white adipose tissue(WAT)targeting the membrane receptor of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1(TRPV1).However,HAS easily undergoes configuration transformation and oxidative degradation.The short peptide CKGGRAKDC or adipose-targeting sequence(ATS)binds specifically to prohibitin on the surface of WAT cells and can be used as recognition assembly to enhance adipocyte targetability.Furthermore,mesoporous silica nanoparticles(MSNs)are widely used in drug delivery systems because of their large specific surface area and pore volume.Therefore,HAS-loaded adipose-targeted MSNs(MSNs-ATS)were developed to enhance the adipocyte targetability,safety,and efficacy of HAS,and tested on mature 3T3-L1 cells and obese mouse models.MSNs-ATS showed higher specificity for adipocyte targetability without obvious toxicity.HAS-loaded MSNs-ATS showed anti-obesity effects superior to those of HAS alone.In conclusion,we successfully developed adipocyte-targeted,HAS-loaded MSNs with good safety and anti-obesity effects.展开更多
Delafossite AgFeO_(2)nanoparticles with a mixture of 2H and 3R phases were successfully fabricated by using a simple co-precipitation method.The resulting precursor was calcined at temperatures of 100,200,300,400,and ...Delafossite AgFeO_(2)nanoparticles with a mixture of 2H and 3R phases were successfully fabricated by using a simple co-precipitation method.The resulting precursor was calcined at temperatures of 100,200,300,400,and 500℃to obtain the delafossite AgFe0_(2)phase.The morphology and microstructure of the prepared AgFeO_(2)samples were characterized by using field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),N_(2) adsorption/desorption,X-ray absorption spectroscopy(XAS),and Xray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)techniques.A three-electrode system was employed to investigate the electrochemical properties of the delafossite AgFeO_(2)nanoparticles in a 3 M KOH electrolyte.The delafossite AgFeO_(2)nanoparticles calcined at 100℃(AFO100)exhibited the highest surface area of 28.02 m^(2)·g^(-1)and outstanding electrochemical performance with specific capacitances of 229.71 F·g^(-1)at a current density of 1 A·g^(-1)and 358.32 F·g^(-1)at a scan rate of 2 mV·s^(-1).This sample also demonstrated the capacitance retention of 82.99% after 1000 charge/discharge cycles,along with superior specific power and specific energy values of 797.46 W·kg^(-1)and 72.74Wh·kg^(-1),respectively.These findings indicate that delafossite AgFeO_(2)has great potential as an electrode material for supercapacitor applications.展开更多
文摘Brain metastasis and primary glioblastoma multiforme represent the most common and lethal malignant brain tumors.Its median survival time is typically less than a year after diagnosis.One of the major challenges in treating these cancers is the efficiency of the transport of drugs to the central nervous system.The blood-brain barrier is cooperating with advanced stages of malignancy.The blood-brain barrier poses a significant challenge to delivering systemic medications to brain tumors.Nanodrug delivery systems have emerged as promising tools for effectively crossing this barrier.Additionally,the development of smart nanoparticles brings new hope for cancer diagnosis and treatment.These nanoparticles improve drug delivery efficiency,allowing for the creation of targeted and stimuli-responsive delivery methods.This review highlights recent advancements in nanoparticle and smart nanoparticle technologies for brain cancer treatment,exploring the range of nanoparticles under development,their applications,targeting strategies,and the latest progress in enhancing transport across the blood-brain barrier.It also addresses the ongoing challenges and potential benefits of these innovative approaches.
基金financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22475084 and 22101100)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Nos.2024A1515012114 and 2025A1515012931)College Students’Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program.
文摘Directly occluding polymer nanoparticles into growing host crystals provides a versatile pathway for synthe sizing polymer-inorganic composite crystals,where vip nanoparticles are distributed within the crystal matrix.However,systematically controlling the extent of nanoparticle occlusion within a host crystal remains a significant challenge.In this study,we employ a one-step,soap-free emulsion polymerization method to synthesize polyethyleneimine-functionalized poly(tert-butyl methacrylate)(PtBMA/PEI)nanoparticles.These cationic nanoparticles are subsequently modified using formaldehyde to systematically tune the content of surface amine group via the Eschweiler-Clarke reaction.This approach yields a series of model nanoparticles that allow us to investigate how surface chemistry influences the extent of nanoparticle occlusion within calcite crystals.Our findings reveal that the extent of nanoparticle occlusion within calcite crystals is proportional to the surface amine group content.This study offers a new design rule for creating composite crystals with tailored compositions through a nanoparticle occlusion strategy.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61975101,11234008,11361161002,and 6157-1276)。
文摘The optically levitated mechanical system in vacuum is a powerful platform in physics.It has been displaying more extensive application prospects.This paper presents an experimental study of optical levitation,identification,motion measurement,and assembly of two-species photoluminescence nanoparticles.A laser trapping array simultaneously levitates nitrogen-vacancy(NV)nanodiamonds and Yb^(3+)/Er^(3+):NaYF_(4)nanoparticles.The species of each nanoparticle can be individually identified by measuring the photoluminescence spectrum.We choose the single NV nanodiamond and Yb^(3+)/Er^(3+):NaYF_(4)nanoparticle and assemble them into a Janus composite nanoparticle,which integrates the merits of the two components.This work demonstrates the potential advantages of a hybrid optically levitated system.It provides a practicable scheme for the study of macroscopic quantum phenomena and precision measurement,thanks to the spin manipulation or spin-mechanical coupling of an NV diamond and by simultaneously implementing laser refrigeration to the Yb^(3+)/Er^(3+):NaYF_(4)nanoparticle in an optically levitated composite nanoparticle.
基金supported by the National Research Centre,Dokki,Cairo,Egypt project#13050302.
文摘Synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles(ZnO-NPs)via green method is an outstanding alternative to conventional/regular methods;however,the safety or toxicity of the biosynthesized ZnO-NPs in vivo is not fully explored.This study was conducted to evaluate the protective efficiency of cinnamaldehyde-loaded chitosan nanoparticles(Cin@CSNPs)against oxidative damage and genotoxicity of ZnO-NPs in mice.ZnO-NPs were biosynthesized using the extract of fresh leaves of Mentha pulegium L.Cin was extracted from cinnamon essential oil,and was loaded into chitosan nanoparticle(Cin@CSNPs).Both ZnO-NPs,Cin@CSNPs and CSNPs were characterized.The in vitro release of Cin@CSNPs was determined.In the biological study,6 groups of male BALB/c mice were treated by gavage for 3 weeks as follows,control group,the group received ZnO-NPs(25 mg/kg b.w),the groups received Cin@CSNPs at low dose(50 mg/kg b.w)or high dose(100 mg/kg b.w),and the groups received ZnO-NPs plus Cin@CSNPs at the 2 tested doses.Blood and tissue samples were collected for different biochemical,genetical and histological studies.The particle size of ZnO-NPs,CSNPs,and Cin@CSNPs were(20.78±2.60),(170.0±3.7),and(218.23±2.90)nm,andξ-potential were(32.7±4.6),(8.32±0.27)and(4.80±0.21)mV,respectively.ZnO-NPs disturbed the biochemical and oxidative stress indices,AFP,CEA,TNF-α,chromosomal aberrations in somatic and germ cells,and sperm abnormality along with severe pathological changes in the hepatic,renal,and testicular tissues.Cin@CSNPs improved significantly all the parameters tested and the histological picture in a dose-dependent.Therefore,the biosynthesized ZnO-NPs exhibit oxidative damage and genotoxicity,and Cin@CSNPs have potential protective effects against the risks of ZnO-NPs and may be a promising tool to overcome the challenges of using Cin in food and pharmaceuticals applications.
基金supported by the Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.92361202)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12204481).
文摘Persistent luminescence is a unique optical phenomenon that continues to emit light for minutes or even hours after the excitation stops,which can significantly enhance the sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio of imaging[1].Among numerous persistent luminescence materials,lanthanide-doped fluoride nanoparticles have shown tunable persistent luminescence across the UV-vis-NIR spectrum(200-1700 nm)under X-ray excitation and adjustable size,promising significant applications in deep-tissue imaging[2,3],security encryption,and data storage[4].In particular,those exhibiting NIR-II luminescence(1000-1700 nm)provide key advantages such as deeper tissue penetration,higher contrast,and minimal interference from biological autofluorescence.However,challenges such as low brightness and rapid signal decay,especially in the NIR-II region,limit their effectiveness in long-term monitoring,including tumor theranostics[5].Traditional approaches like size control and surface passivation yield only marginal improvements,underscoring the need for next-generation nanoparticles with superior NIR-II brightness.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB3606501,2022YFB3602902)the Key projects of National Natural Science Foundation of China(62234004)+8 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23A2092)Pioneer and Leading Goose R&D Program of Zhejiang(2024C01191,2024C01092)Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team of Zhejiang Province(2021R01003)Ningbo Key Technologies R&D Program(2022Z085),Ningbo 3315 Programme(2020A-01-B)YONGJIANG Talent Introduction Programme(2021A-038-B,2021A-159-G)“Innovation Yongjiang 2035”Key R&D Programme(2024Z146)Ningbo JiangBei District public welfare science and technology project(2022C07)the China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(grant no.BX20240391)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(grant no.2023M743623).
文摘High-resolution non-emissive displays based on electrochromic tungsten oxides(WOx)are crucial for future near-eye virtual/augmented reality interactions,given their impressive attributes such as high environmental stability,ideal outdoor readability,and low energy consumption.However,the limited intrinsic structure of inorganic materials has presented a significant challenge in achieving precise patterning/pixelation at the micron scale.Here,we successfully developed the direct photolithography for WOx nanoparticles based on in situ photo-induced ligand exchange.This strategy enabled us to achieve ultra-high resolution efficiently(line width<4μm,the best resolution for reported inorganic electrochromic materials).Additionally,the resulting device exhibited impressive electrochromic performance,such as fast response(<1 s at 0 V),high coloration efficiency(119.5 cm^(2) C^(−1)),good optical modulation(55.9%),and durability(>3600 cycles),as well as promising applications in electronic logos,pixelated displays,flexible electronics,etc.The success and advancements presented here are expected to inspire and accelerate research and development(R&D)in high-resolution non-emissive displays and other ultra-fine micro-electronics.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52203209)the State Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Reuse for Building Materials,China(No.SWR-2022-009)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.FRF-IDRY22-012)。
文摘Silver nanoparticles(Ag NPs)have attracted attention in the field of biomaterials due to their excellent antibacterial property.However,the reducing and stabilizing agents used for the chemical reduction of Ag NPs are usually toxic and may cause water pollution.In this work,Ag NPs(31.2 nm in diameter)were prepared using the extract of straw,an agricultural waste,as the reducing and stabilizing agent.Experimental analysis revealed that the straw extract contained lignin,the structure of which possesses phenolic hydroxyl and methoxy groups that facilitate the reduction of silver salts into Ag NPs.The surfaces of Ag NPs were negatively charged due to the encapsulation of a thin layer of lignin molecules that prevented their aggregation.After the prepared Ag NPs were added to the precursor solution of acrylamide,free radical polymerization was triggered without the need for extra heating or light irradiation,resulting in the rapid formation of an Ag NP-polyacrylamide composite hydrogel.The inhibition zone test proved that the composite hydrogel possessed excellent antibacterial ability due to the presence of Ag NPs.The prepared hydrogel may have potential applications in the fabrication of biomedical materials,such as antibacterial dressings.
文摘Ma et al recently reported in the World Journal of Diabetes that ferroptosis occurs in osteoblasts under high glucose conditions,reflecting diabetes pathology.This condition could be protected by the upregulation of the gene encoding polycytosine RNA-binding protein 1(PCBP1).Additionally,Ma et al used a lentivirus infection system to express PCBP1.As the authors’method of administration can be improved in terms of stability and cost,we propose delivering PCBP1 to treat type 2 diabetic osteoporosis by encapsulating it in protein nanoparticles.First,PCBP1 is small and druggable.Second,intravenous injection can help deliver PCBP1 across the mucosa while avoiding acid and enzyme-catalyzed degradation.Furthermore,incorporating PCBP1 into nanoparticles prevents its interaction with water or oxygen and protects PCBP1’s structure and activity.Notably,the safety of the protein materials and the industrialization techniques for large-scale production of protein nanoparticles must be comprehensively investigated before clinical application.
基金supported by the Key Research Projects of Universities of Henan Province,No.21A320064 (to XS)the National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2021YFA1201504 (to LZ)+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Science,No.XDB36000000 (to CW)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.31971295,12374406 (both to LZ)。
文摘Spinal cord injuries lead to significant loss of motor, sensory, and autonomic functions, presenting major challenges in neural regeneration. Achieving effective therapeutic concentrations at injury sites has been a slow process, partly due to the difficulty of delivering drugs effectively. Nanoparticles, with their targeted delivery capabilities, biocompatibility, and enhanced bioavailability over conventional drugs, are garnering attention for spinal cord injury treatment. This review explores the current mechanisms and shortcomings of existing treatments, highlighting the benefits and progress of nanoparticle-based approaches. We detail nanoparticle delivery methods for spinal cord injury, including local and intravenous injections, oral delivery, and biomaterial-assisted implantation, alongside strategies such as drug loading and surface modification. The discussion extends to how nanoparticles aid in reducing oxidative stress, dampening inflammation, fostering neural regeneration, and promoting angiogenesis. We summarize the use of various types of nanoparticles for treating spinal cord injuries, including metallic, polymeric, protein-based, inorganic non-metallic, and lipid nanoparticles. We also discuss the challenges faced, such as biosafety, effectiveness in humans, precise dosage control, standardization of production and characterization, immune responses, and targeted delivery in vivo. Additionally, we explore future directions, such as improving biosafety, standardizing manufacturing and characterization processes, and advancing human trials. Nanoparticles have shown considerable progress in targeted delivery and enhancing treatment efficacy for spinal cord injuries, presenting significant potential for clinical use and drug development.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,grant numbers 82374048 and 82174096Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,grant number LZ21H280001.
文摘Atherosclerosis(AS)is a progressive inflammatory disease,and thrombosis most likely leads to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality globally.Thrombolytic drugs alone cannot completely prevent thrombotic events,and treatments targeting thrombosis also need to regulate the inflammatory process.Based on the dynamic pathological development of AS,biomimetic thrombus-targeted nanoparticles HMTL@PM were prepared.Hirudin and lumbrukinase,effective substances of traditional Chinese medicine,were self-assembled under the action of tannic acid and Mn^(2+).HMTL@PM dissociated in the weakly acidic microenvironment of atherosclerosis and exhibited excellent therapeutic effects,including alleviating inflammation,dissolving thrombus,anticoagulation,and promoting cholesterol efflux.HMTL@PM effectively regulated the progression of AS and provided a newperspective for the development of drug delivery systems for AS therapy,which holds important research significance for reducing the mortality of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
基金Financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.22176147)the National Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars of China (No.21822607)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities (No.22120230295)the State Key Laboratory for Pollution Control is acknowledged.
文摘The overuse of antibiotics and antitumor drugs has resulted in more and more extensive pollution of water bodies with organic drugs,causing detrimental ecological effects,which have attracted attention towards effective and sustainable methods for antibiotics and antitumor drug degradation.Here,the hybrid nanomaterial(g-C_(3)N_(4)@Fe/Pd)was synthesized and used to remove a kind of both an antibiotic and antitumor drug named mitoxantrone(MTX)with 92.0%removal efficiency,and the MTX removal capacity is 450 mg/g.After exposing to the hybrid material the MTX aqueous solution changed color from dark blue to lighter progressively,and LC-UV results of residual solutions showthat a newpeak at 3.0min(MTX:13.2min)after removal by g-C_(3)N_(4)@Fe/Pd appears,with the simultaneous detection of intermediate products indicating that g-C_(3)N_(4)@Fe/Pd indeed degrades MTX.Detailed mass spectrometric analysis suggests that the nuclear mass ratio decreased from 445.2(M+1H)to 126.0(M+1H),169.1(M+1H),239.2(M+1H),267.3(M+1H),285.2(M+1H),371.4(M+1H)and 415.2(M+1H),and the maximum proportion(5.63%)substance of all degradation products(126.0(M+1H))is 40-100 times less toxic than MTX.A mechanism for the removal and degradation of mitoxantrone was proposed.Besides,actual water experiments confirmed that the maximum removal capacity of MTX by g-C_(3)N_(4)@Fe/Pd is up to 492.4 mg/g(0.02 g/L,10 ppm).
基金The authors extend their gratitude to the Deanship of Scientific Research(DSR),King Faisal University,Saudi Arabia,for funding the publication of this work(Project number:KFU250560).
文摘A steady rise in the overall population is creating an overburden on crops due to their global demand.On the other hand,given the current climate change and population growth,agricultural practices established during the Green Revolution are no longer viable.Consequently,innovative practices are the prerequisite of the time struggle with the rising global food demand.The potential of nanotechnology to reduce the phytotoxic effects of these ecological restrictions has shown significant promise.Nanoparticles(NPs)typically enhance plant resilience to stressors by fortifying the physical barrier,optimizing photosynthesis,stimulating enzymatic activity for defense,elevating the concentration of stress-resistant compounds,and activating the expression of genes associated with defense mechanisms.In this review,we thoroughly cover the uptake and translocations of NPs crops and their potential valuable functions in enhancing plant growth and development at different growth stages.Additionally,we addressed how NPs improve plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stress.Generally,this review presents a thorough understanding of the significance of NPs in plants and their prospective value for plant antioxidant and crop development.
基金Supported by Cultivation Project of Hebei Natural Science Foundation-Precision Medicine Joint Fund,No.H2021206239.
文摘BACKGROUND Primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)is a chronic autoimmune-mediated cholestatic liver disease.Nanoparticles encapsulating rapamycin(ImmTOR)suppress adaptive immune responses and induce the hepatic tolerogenic immune response.AIM To investigate the effects of ImmTOR in PBC mouse models.METHODS PBC models were induced in C57BL/6 mice by two immunizations of 2-octynoic acid-coupled bovine serum albumin at two-week intervals,and polycytidylic acid every three days.The PBC mouse models were separated into the treatment group and the control group.The levels of alkaline phosphatase(ALP)and alanine aminotransferase in the mice were detected using an automatic biochemical analyzer.Liver and spleen mononuclear cells were analyzed by flow cytometry,and serum anti-mitochondrial antibodies(AMA)and the related cytokines were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Liver histopathology was examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining and scored.RESULTS After treatment with ImmTOR,the ALP level was significantly decreased(189.60 U/L±27.25 U/L vs 156.00 U/L±17.21 U/L,P<0.05),the level of AMA was reduced(1.28 ng/mL±0.27 ng/mL vs 0.56 ng/mL±0.07 ng/mL,P<0.001)and the expression levels of interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factorαwere significantly decreased(48.29 pg/mL±10.84 pg/mL vs 25.01 pg/mL±1.49 pg/mL,P<0.0001)and(84.24 pg/mL±23.47 pg/mL vs 40.66 pg/mL±14.65 pg/mL,P<0.001).The CD4+T lymphocytes,CD8+T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes in the liver were significantly reduced,with statistically significant differences(24.21%±6.55%vs 15.98%±3.03%,P<0.05;9.09%±1.91%vs 5.49%±1.00%,P<0.001;80.51%±2.96%vs 75.31%±4.34%,P<0.05).The expression of CD8+T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes in the ImmTOR treatment group also decreased(9.09%±1.91%vs 5.49%±1.00%,P<0.001;80.51%±2.96%vs 75.31%±4.34%,P<0.05).The liver pathology of PBC mice in the treatment group showed reduced inflammation and a decreased total pathology score,and the difference in the scores was statistically significant(4.50±2.88 vs 1.75±1.28,P<0.05).CONCLUSION ImmTOR can improve biochemistry and pathology of liver obvious by inhibiting the expression of CD8+T cells and B cells,and reducing the titer of AMA.
基金National Programs for NanoKey Project(2022YFA1504002)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22078233)。
文摘This study presents a novel method to fabricate metal-decorated,sulfur-doped layered double hydroxides(M/SLDH)through spontaneous redox and sulfurization processes.The developed Ag/SLDH and Pt/SLDH catalysts with abundant heterogeneous interfaces and hierarchical nanostructures demonstrated outstanding oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)performance,achieving low overpotentials of 212 and 35 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2)in 1 M KOH,respectively.As both anode and cathode in water splitting,they required only 1.47 V to reach 10 mA cm^(-2)and exhibited high structural robustness,maintaining stability at 1000 mA cm^(-2)for 300 h.In-situ Raman analysis revealed that the synergistic effects of metal nanoparticles and S doping significantly promote the transformation into the S-Co1-xFexOOH layer,which serves as the active phase for water oxidation.Additionally,ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy(UPS)and density functional theory(DFT)analyses indicated that incorporating metal nanoparticles and S doping increase electron density near the Fermi level and reduce reaction energy barriers,thus enhancing intrinsic OER and HER activities.This study provides a scalable strategy for synthesizing high-performance electrocatalysts for water splitting,with promising potential for broader applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81873092,82174074)。
文摘The self-assembled nanoparticles(SAN)formed during the decoction process of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)exhibit non-uniform particle sizes and a tendency for aggregation.Our group found that the p H-driven method can improve the self-assembly phenomenon of Herpetospermum caudigerum Wall.,and the SAN exhibited uniform particle size and demonstrated good stability.In this paper,we analyzed the interactions between the main active compound,herpetrione(Her),and its main carrier,Herpetospermum caudigerum Wall.polysaccharide(HCWP),along with their self-assembly mechanisms under different p H values.The binding constants of Her and HCWP increase with rising p H,leading to the formation of Her-HCWP SAN with a smaller particle size,higher zeta potential,and improved thermal stability.While the contributions of hydrogen bonding and electrostatic attraction to the formation of Her-HCWP SAN increase with rising p H,the hydrophobic force consistently plays a dominant role.This study enhances our scientific understanding of the self-assembly phenomenon of TCM improved by p H driven method.
基金supported by the Institute for Basic Science (IBS-R022-D1)Global Learning&Academic Research Institution for Master’s/Ph D students and Post-Doc Program of the National Research Foundation of Korea Grant funded by the Ministry of Education (RS-2023-00301938)+1 种基金National Research Foundation of Korea Grant funded by the Korean government (RS-2024-00406152,MSIT)Additional financial support was provided by the 2024 Post-Doc Development Program of Pusan National University,Korea Medical Institute,and KREONET。
文摘Polystyrene nanoparticles pose significant toxicological risks to aquatic ecosystems,yet their impact on zebrafish(Danio rerio)embryonic development,particularly erythropoiesis,remains underexplored.This study used single-cell RNA sequencing to comprehensively evaluate the effects of polystyrene nanoparticle exposure on erythropoiesis in zebrafish embryos.In vivo validation experiments corroborated the transcriptomic findings,revealing that polystyrene nanoparticle exposure disrupted erythrocyte differentiation,as evidenced by the decrease in mature erythrocytes and concomitant increase in immature erythrocytes.Additionally,impaired heme synthesis further contributed to the diminished erythrocyte population.These findings underscore the toxic effects of polystyrene nanoparticles on hematopoietic processes,highlighting their potential to compromise organismal health in aquatic environments.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,22338006,92356301,9235630033 and 22375062)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(21JC1401700)+4 种基金Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research(22TQ1400100-10)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesShanghai Pujiang Program(22PJ1402400)“Chenguang Program”supported by Shanghai Education Development Foundation and Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(22CGA32)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(2023QNRC001).
文摘Organic nanophotocatalysts are promising candidates for solar fuels production,but they still face the challenge of unfavorable geminate recombination due to the limited exciton diffusion lengths.Here,we introduce a binary nanophotocatalyst fabricated by blending two polymers,PS-PEG5(PS)and PBT-PEG5(PBT),with matched absorption and emission spectra,enabling a Forster resonance energy transfer(FRET)process for enhanced photocatalysis.These heterostructure nanophotocatalysts are processed using a facile and scalable flash nanoprecipitation(FNP)technique with precious kinetic control over binary nanoparticle formation.The resulting nanoparticles exhibit an exceptional photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate up to 65 mmol g^(-1) h^(-1),2.5 times higher than that single component nanoparticles.Characterizations through fluorescence spectra and transient absorption spectra confirm the hetero-energy transfer within the binary nanoparticles,which prolongs the excited-state lifetime and extends the namely“effective exciton diffusion length”.Our finding opens new avenues for designing efficient organic photocatalysts by improving exciton migration.
基金supported by Graduate Innovation Project of Shanxi Normal University(Grant No.2021Y443).
文摘Enhanced UV-B radiation represents a major environmental factor impacting global cereal production.Researchers have explored various approaches to reduce the detrimental impact of UV-B radiation on crops.Recently,engineered nanoparticles,particularly cerium oxide nanoparticles(CeO_(2)-NPs),have attracted widespread interest for their ability to boost plant tolerance to a range of abiotic stresses.This study investigates how CeO_(2)-NPs application affects the morphology,physiology,biochemistry,and transcriptomics profiles of wheat seedling roots subjected to enhanced UV-B stress.The findings demonstrate that CeO_(2)-NPs notably promoted root length,fresh and dry weights,and root activity(p<0.05)under enhanced UV-B stress.CeO_(2)-NP treatment reduced the content of hydrogen peroxide<(H_(2)O_(2))and malondialdehyde(MDA)in wheat,alleviating oxidative damage in seedling roots and partially restoring the root phenotype.Under non-UV-B stress conditions,CeO_(2)-NP treatment triggered the difference of 237 transcripts in plants relative to the control group.Under enhanced UV-B stress,CeO_(2)-NP treatment exhibited differentially expressed genes(DEGs)linked to the antioxidant defense mechanism responsible for reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavenging,compared to the non-nanoparticle control.This suggests that ROS scavenging may be a key mechanism by which CeO_(2)-NPs enhance wheat resistance to enhanced UV-B radiation.This study elucidates a potential molecular mechanism through which CeO_(2)nanoparticles may enhance wheat tolerance to UV-B stress.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(No.2022NSFSC0720)Research Center for the Development of the Comprehensive Health Industry and Rural Revitalization of Sichuan TCM(No.DJKYB202306)State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Sichuan Province of China(No.2020HJZX001).
文摘Obesity has become a global threat to health;however,the available drugs for treating obesity are limited.We investigated the anti-obesity effect of hydroxy-α-sanshool(HAS),an amide derived from the fruit of Zanthoxylum bungeanum,which promotes the management of obesity by triggering the browning of white adipose tissue(WAT)targeting the membrane receptor of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1(TRPV1).However,HAS easily undergoes configuration transformation and oxidative degradation.The short peptide CKGGRAKDC or adipose-targeting sequence(ATS)binds specifically to prohibitin on the surface of WAT cells and can be used as recognition assembly to enhance adipocyte targetability.Furthermore,mesoporous silica nanoparticles(MSNs)are widely used in drug delivery systems because of their large specific surface area and pore volume.Therefore,HAS-loaded adipose-targeted MSNs(MSNs-ATS)were developed to enhance the adipocyte targetability,safety,and efficacy of HAS,and tested on mature 3T3-L1 cells and obese mouse models.MSNs-ATS showed higher specificity for adipocyte targetability without obvious toxicity.HAS-loaded MSNs-ATS showed anti-obesity effects superior to those of HAS alone.In conclusion,we successfully developed adipocyte-targeted,HAS-loaded MSNs with good safety and anti-obesity effects.
基金Suranaree University of Technology(SUT)Thailand Science,Research and Innovation(TSRI)National Science,Research and Innovation Fund(NSRF)(project cord.179314)。
文摘Delafossite AgFeO_(2)nanoparticles with a mixture of 2H and 3R phases were successfully fabricated by using a simple co-precipitation method.The resulting precursor was calcined at temperatures of 100,200,300,400,and 500℃to obtain the delafossite AgFe0_(2)phase.The morphology and microstructure of the prepared AgFeO_(2)samples were characterized by using field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),N_(2) adsorption/desorption,X-ray absorption spectroscopy(XAS),and Xray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)techniques.A three-electrode system was employed to investigate the electrochemical properties of the delafossite AgFeO_(2)nanoparticles in a 3 M KOH electrolyte.The delafossite AgFeO_(2)nanoparticles calcined at 100℃(AFO100)exhibited the highest surface area of 28.02 m^(2)·g^(-1)and outstanding electrochemical performance with specific capacitances of 229.71 F·g^(-1)at a current density of 1 A·g^(-1)and 358.32 F·g^(-1)at a scan rate of 2 mV·s^(-1).This sample also demonstrated the capacitance retention of 82.99% after 1000 charge/discharge cycles,along with superior specific power and specific energy values of 797.46 W·kg^(-1)and 72.74Wh·kg^(-1),respectively.These findings indicate that delafossite AgFeO_(2)has great potential as an electrode material for supercapacitor applications.
