The self-healing properties of dual-component epoxy microcapsules are evaluated when incorporated into an epoxy coating.The performance of the coating was assessed under immersion in a saline solution,simulating seawa...The self-healing properties of dual-component epoxy microcapsules are evaluated when incorporated into an epoxy coating.The performance of the coating was assessed under immersion in a saline solution,simulating seawater conditions.Initially,synthesized microcapsules are incorporated into the epoxy coating.Then,the self-healing capabilities of the coating are studied under immersion using scanning vibrating electrode technique(SVET),open circuit potential(OCP),electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)and immersion corrosion test on coated samples with intentionally created artificial defects.The last three tests were conducted in a 3.5%NaCl solution.The adhesion of the coating is also studied by pull-off adhesion test.SVET analyses reveal lower ionic current densities in coated samples containing microcapsules during 24 h of immersion.EIS results demonstrate self-healing at the defect site for up to 12 h of immersion.After this time,the corrosion protection diminishes with prolonged immersion in the saline solution.Despite this,the coating with the microcapsules exhibits decrease in the corrosion process compared to the coating without the microcapsules.These results are consistent and complement the outcomes of the immersion tests conducted over 360 and 1056 h,which indicate that coated samples without microcapsules exhibit double the corroded areas around the scribes compared to coated samples containing the microcapsules.These findings offer a promising outlook for applying this coating on offshore carbon steel structures under immersion aiming for a longer lifetime with less maintenance intervention.展开更多
Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)play a critical role in reducing carbon emissions in the automotive industry.However,they face challenges related to safety and performance failures.Smart technologies offer a promising solu...Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)play a critical role in reducing carbon emissions in the automotive industry.However,they face challenges related to safety and performance failures.Smart technologies offer a promising solution to address these issues.Bioinspired microcapsules are a common approach to enhancing the performance and safety of smart LIBs.However,despite their potential,this area has not been thoroughly explored.This review provides an overview of the preparation methods for microcapsules,including physical,chemical,and physicochemical techniques.These microcapsules are categorized based on their mechanisms into electrode self-healing burst microcapsules,interphase-forming sustained-release microcapsules,live-lithium sustained-release microcapsules,and flame-retardant burst microcapsules.A comprehensive analysis of their bioinspired design concepts,mechanisms,and performance is presented,along with the design criteria for microcapsules suitable for LIBs.Finally,the review explores the potential applications of microcapsule technologies in LIBs and their future trends,such as enhancing existing technologies for novel applications like solid-state batteries and developing new types of microcapsules.This review aims to provide a foundation for the implementation of microcapsule technologies in LIBs and to highlight the latest advancements in smart batteries.展开更多
To address the inherent trade-off between mechanical strength and repair efficiency in conventional microcapsule-based self-healing technologies,this study presents an eggshell-inspired approach for fabricating high-l...To address the inherent trade-off between mechanical strength and repair efficiency in conventional microcapsule-based self-healing technologies,this study presents an eggshell-inspired approach for fabricating high-load rigid porous microcapsules(HLRPMs)through subcritical water etching.By optimizing the subcritical water treatment parameters(OH−concentration:0.031 mol/L,tem-perature:240°C,duration:1.5 h),nanoscale through-holes were generated on hollow glass microspheres(shell thickness≈700 nm).The subsequent gradient pressure infiltration of flaxseed oil enabled a record-high core content of 88.2%.Systematic investigations demonstrated that incorporating 3 wt%HLRPMs into epoxy resin composites preserved excellent dielectric properties(breakdown strength≥30 kV/mm)and enhanced tensile strength by 7.52%.In addressing multimodal damage,the system achieved a 95.5%filling efficiency for mechanical scratches,a 97.0%reduction in frictional damage depth,and a 96.2%recovery of insulation following electrical treeing.This biomimetic microcapsule system concurrently improved self-healing capability and matrix performance,offering a promising strategy for the development of next-generation smart insulating materials.展开更多
A novel type of microcapsule-encapsulated corrosion inhibitor was prepared in a water-based solution with a pH range of 7-8,and it was applied to the composite organic coating of magnesium alloy plasma electrolytic ox...A novel type of microcapsule-encapsulated corrosion inhibitor was prepared in a water-based solution with a pH range of 7-8,and it was applied to the composite organic coating of magnesium alloy plasma electrolytic oxidation to enhance its corrosion resistance and self-healing properties.The morphology,chemical composition,structure,and functional properties of the composite coating were investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),polarization curve,alternating current impedance,and salt immersion test.The experimental results showed that,after immersion in a 3.5 wt%NaCl solution for 12 h,the coating could effectively protect AZ91D from corrosion.When the coating was damaged,the exposed alloy surface would release metal ions in the corrosive environment and react with the corrosion inhibitor 8-hydroxyquinoline to form a Mg(8-HQ)_(2) chelate,exhibiting significant self-healing behavior.The study results demonstrate the broad application prospects of microcapsule technology in the coating field,providing new ideas for the development of efficient anti-corrosion coatings.展开更多
Al-Si alloy,a high temperature phase change material,has great potential in thermal management due to its advantages of high heat storage density and thermal conductivity.Microencapsulation of Al-Si alloy is one of th...Al-Si alloy,a high temperature phase change material,has great potential in thermal management due to its advantages of high heat storage density and thermal conductivity.Microencapsulation of Al-Si alloy is one of the effective techniques to solve high temperature leakage and corrosion.In this paper,commercial Al-10Si alloy micro powders were encapsulated with flexible ceramic shells whose total thickness is below 1μm by hydrothermal treatment and heat treatment in N_(2) atmosphere.The compositions and microstructures were characterized by XRD,SEM and TEM.The shell was composed of AlN fibers network structure embedded withα-Al_(2)O_(3)/AlN which prevented the alloy from leaking and oxidizing,as well as had excellent thermal stability.The latent heat of microcapsules was 351.8 J g^(-1)for absorption and 372.7 J g^(-1)for exothermic.The microcapsules showed near zero thermal performance loss with latent heat storage(LHS)/release(LHR)was 353.2/403.7 J g^(-1)after 3000 cycles.Compared with the published Al-Si alloy microcapsules,both high heat storage density and super thermal cycle stability were achieved,showing promising development prospects in high temperature thermal management.展开更多
In the last three decades,carbon dioxide(CO_(2)) emissions have shown a significant increase from various sources.To address this pressing issue,the importance of reducing CO_(2) emissions has grown,leading to increas...In the last three decades,carbon dioxide(CO_(2)) emissions have shown a significant increase from various sources.To address this pressing issue,the importance of reducing CO_(2) emissions has grown,leading to increased attention toward carbon capture,utilization,and storage strategies.Among these strategies,monodisperse microcapsules,produced by using droplet microfluidics,have emerged as promising tools for carbon capture,offering a potential solution to mitigate CO_(2) emissions.However,the limited yield of microcapsules due to the inherent low flow rate in droplet microfluidics remains a challenge.In this comprehensive review,the high-throughput production of carbon capture microcapsules using droplet microfluidics is focused on.Specifically,the detailed insights into microfluidic chip fabrication technologies,the microfluidic generation of emulsion droplets,along with the associated hydrodynamic considerations,and the generation of carbon capture microcapsules through droplet microfluidics are provided.This review highlights the substantial potential of droplet microfluidics as a promising technique for large-scale carbon capture microcapsule production,which could play a significant role in achieving carbon neutralization and emission reduction goals.展开更多
The design and synthesis of novel photocatalyst with self-temperature control function is an important topic in the field of advanced environmental functional materials.In this work,submicron-sized magnetic phase chan...The design and synthesis of novel photocatalyst with self-temperature control function is an important topic in the field of advanced environmental functional materials.In this work,submicron-sized magnetic phase change microcapsules composed of paraffin core and Fe_(3)O_(4)-loaded silica shell are prepared,on which the Bi_(2)WO_(6)crystals is grown in situ through hydrothermal reaction to obtain novel magnetic phase-change-microcapsule-supported Bi_(2)WO_(6)catalyst(MP@FS/BWO).The MP@FS/BWO has a paraffin encapsulation ratio of 57.1%,and the phase change enthalpy of 105.1 J/g in a temperature range of 50–60℃,which endows the MP@FS/BWO with a certain self-temperature regulation ability.MP@FS/BWO shows excellent catalytic performance in the decomposition of rhodamine B under the simulated sunlight irradiation.After the light source is turned off,it still has good catalytic ability by maintaining high temperature due to its temperature control function based on the phase transition process.The MP@FS/BWO can be easily recycled by magnetic separation and shows good structural stability and reusability.This work provides a new idea for the development of long-effect and energy-saving outdoor photocatalysts.展开更多
Double-layered microcapsule corrosion inhibitors were developed by sodium monofluorophosphate as the core material,polymethyl methacrylate as the inner wall material,and polyvinyl alcohol as the outer wall material co...Double-layered microcapsule corrosion inhibitors were developed by sodium monofluorophosphate as the core material,polymethyl methacrylate as the inner wall material,and polyvinyl alcohol as the outer wall material combining the solvent evaporation method and spray drying method.The protection by the outer capsule wall was used to prolong the service life of the corrosion inhibitor.The dispersion,encapsulation,thermal stability of microcapsules,and the degradation rate of capsule wall in concrete pore solution were analyzed by ultra-deep field microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,thermal analyzer,and sodium ion release rate analysis.The microcapsules were incorporated into mortar samples containing steel reinforcement,and the effects of double-layered microcapsule corrosion inhibitors on the performance of the cement matrix and the actual corrosion-inhibiting effect were analyzed.The experimental results show that the double-layered microcapsules have a moderate particle size and uniform distribution,and the capsules were completely wrapped.The microcapsules as a whole have good thermal stability below 230 ℃.The monolayer membrane structure microcapsules completely broke within 1 day in the simulated concrete pore solution,and the double-layer membrane structure prolonged the service life of the microcapsules to 80 days in the simulated concrete pore solution before the core material was completely released.The mortar samples containing steel reinforcement incorporated with the double-layered microcapsule corrosion inhibitors still maintained a higher corrosion potential than the monolayer microcapsule corrosion inhibitors control group at 60 days.The incorporation of double-layered microcapsules into the cement matrix has no significant adverse effect on the setting time and early strength.展开更多
In this paper, the preparation technique of lavender essential oil microcapsules and the construction method of aromatic textiles were expounded, and the research status of bed curtains and lavender microcapsules at h...In this paper, the preparation technique of lavender essential oil microcapsules and the construction method of aromatic textiles were expounded, and the research status of bed curtains and lavender microcapsules at home and abroad was analyzed and studied from the perspective of application in textiles. The application of lavender essential oil to bed curtains through the microcapsule technique was put forward to allow lavender essential oil to play its role of helping sleep in bed curtains. This paper expounded the material selection and preparation technique of lavender microcapsule agents, and put forward the preparation method of microcapsules with mixed solutions of pure Chinese medicine extracts and natural essences as core material and high-viscosity epoxy resin as wall materials. The post-processing techniques and the spray ironing method for clothing were studied and developed, and these techniques and methods were applied to bed curtains, and good results were obtained.展开更多
Harmful algal blooms(HABs)resulting from eutrophication pose a major threat to ecosystems and human health,necessitating effective control measures.Allelochemicals have shown their importance in slowing down algal pro...Harmful algal blooms(HABs)resulting from eutrophication pose a major threat to ecosystems and human health,necessitating effective control measures.Allelochemicals have shown their importance in slowing down algal proliferation due to their proven efficacy and low ecological impacts.In this study,allelopathy tea polyphenols(TPs)andβ-cyclodextrin were combined to prepare slow-release algicidal microcapsules,and the diversity of microbial community in the algal inhibition process was analyzed.Results showed that TP slow-release microcapsules had strong algicidal activity.When against Microcystis aeruginosa within 20 d,their constant inhibitory rate was up to 99%compared to the control group.Microbial diversity decreased with an increase in algae density,and the species richness and diversity of algae increased under the stress of TP slow-release microcapsules.The redundancy analysis showed that the environmental factors with impacts on the abundance and diversity of bacterial communities in descending order were dissolved oxygen,pH,and temperature.This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of TP slow-release microcapsules to actual water.展开更多
Pesticide-loaded flexible carriers that allow for deformation and adhesion on crop leaves is an effective way to improve pesticide utilization.In interfacial polymerization,the addition of octaphenyl polyoxyethylene(O...Pesticide-loaded flexible carriers that allow for deformation and adhesion on crop leaves is an effective way to improve pesticide utilization.In interfacial polymerization,the addition of octaphenyl polyoxyethylene(OP)with different hydrophile lipophilic balances(HLBs)into the oil phase can regulate the flexibility of pyraclostrobinloaded microcapsules(MCs).Due to differences in amphiphilicity and molecular structure,OP redistributed on the oil-water two-phases and oil-water interface.With increasing HLB,the proportion of OP entering the aqueous phase increased.Furthermore,more OP with low HLB remained in the oil phase and occupied the oil-water interface,and these OPs participated in and regulated the interfacial polymerization to increase the thickness,reduce the compactness of the shell,and increase the hydroxyl and ether bond contents in the shell.Therefore,pyraclostrobin-loaded MCs with low HLB(11.5-12.5)OP-7 exhibited flexible deformation,strong foliar adhesion,good scouring resistance,and a high control effect on peanut leaf spot,which the disease severity was 3.67.For high HLB(16),OP-21-prepared MCs with compact shells were safer to zebrafish,which the safety index was 23.81.Using the amphiphilicity of OP molecules to drive their redistribution in an encapsulation system to regulate interfacial polymerization is an effective way to control the structure and performance of pesticideloaded MCs.展开更多
Aim A RP- HPLC method for determination of lycopene in microcapsules was established. Methods The HPLC assay was performed on an Alltima Cls （4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5μm） column with a mixture of methanol-THF-water ...Aim A RP- HPLC method for determination of lycopene in microcapsules was established. Methods The HPLC assay was performed on an Alltima Cls （4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5μm） column with a mixture of methanol-THF-water （66：30：4, V/V/V） as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.5 mL·min^-1 and the UV detection wavelength was 472 nm. Results The linear range of lycopene was 3.6-18 μg·mL^-1, r = 0.999 8, the average recovery was from 99.81% to 101.06% with RSD less than 1.83%. The RSD of intra-day and interday precision were less than 3.34%. Conclusion The method is simple, accurate and suitable for the determination of lycopene in microcapsules.展开更多
Aim PLA/PLGA was used as biodegradable and biocompatible carriers to achieve sustained release of estradiol (E 2). Methods Microcapsules (MC) were prepared by an emulsification solvent extraction method, and then ...Aim PLA/PLGA was used as biodegradable and biocompatible carriers to achieve sustained release of estradiol (E 2). Methods Microcapsules (MC) were prepared by an emulsification solvent extraction method, and then the properties and in vitro drug release behavior of MC were examined. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the statistical significance. Then, multiple comparisons were made with a T method between levels to examine the significance of difference further. For all the results a P value 】0 05 was considered statistically insignificant . Results Under the same conditions, the water adding speed and the particle size had significant effects ( P 【0 01) on the entrapment efficiency of MC; the water adding speed and the concentration of PLA in the oil phase had significant effects ( P 【0 01) on the diameter MC in medium. Release of E 2 from MC was influenced significantly ( P 【0 01) by the water adding speed and the type and molecule weight of the polymers. But the differences between levels of the variates were not all significant. Conclusion E 2 PLA/PLGA MC with various properties can be formed when the formulation and the technology were changed accordingly.展开更多
The nanostructured copper/microcapsule containing liquid core materials composite（copper/liquid microcapsules composite） was prepared using direct current（DC） electrodeposition method.The surface morphology and mi...The nanostructured copper/microcapsule containing liquid core materials composite（copper/liquid microcapsules composite） was prepared using direct current（DC） electrodeposition method.The surface morphology and microstructure of composite were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy（SEM）,transmission electron microscopy（TEM） and X-ray diffraction（XRD）.The results show that the microstructure of electrodeposited layer transformed from bulk crystal to nano structure because of the participation of microcapsules.The diameters of microcapsules and the copper grain sizes in the composite were 2？20 μm and 10？20 nm,respectively.In addition,the electrodeposition mechanism of composite in the deposition process followed electrochemistry theory,which was proved by the theoretical analysis result and the experiment results.Meanwhile,the co-deposition process model was presented.展开更多
Microcapsules with chlorpyrifos cores and polyurea walls were synthesized with 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate as an oil-soluble monomer and ethylenediamine as a water-soluble monomer via an interracial polycondensation rea...Microcapsules with chlorpyrifos cores and polyurea walls were synthesized with 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate as an oil-soluble monomer and ethylenediamine as a water-soluble monomer via an interracial polycondensation reaction. The products were characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, ^13C NMR spectrometry and ^31p NMR spectrometry. The morphology, the particle size and the particle size distribution, and the thermal properties were also evaluated. The prepared microcapsules exhibit clear and smooth surfaces and have a mean diameter of 28. 13 μm. These microcapsules also have a good thermal stability for long-term use, and have potential applications in minimizing the toxicity of chlorpyrifos through controlled release.展开更多
Fabrication of biocompatible core-shell microcapsules in a controllable and scalable manner remains an important but challenging task.Here,we develop a one-step microfluidic approach for the highthroughput production ...Fabrication of biocompatible core-shell microcapsules in a controllable and scalable manner remains an important but challenging task.Here,we develop a one-step microfluidic approach for the highthroughput production of biocompatible microcapsules,which utilizes single emulsions as templates and controls the precipitation of biocompatible polymer at the water/oil interface.The facile method enables the loading of various oils in the core and the enhancement of polymer shell strength by polyelectrolyte coating.The resulting microcapsules have the advantages of controllability,scalability,biocompatibility,high encapsulation efficiency and high loading capacity.The core-shell microcapsules are ideal delivery vehicles for programmable active release and various controlled release mechanisms are demonstrated,including burst release by vigorous shaking,pH-triggered release for targeted intestinal release and sustained release of perfume over a long period of time.The utility of our technique paves the way for practical applications of core-shell microcapsules.展开更多
Microcapsule technology is a kind of technology wrapping the solid or liquid into minute-sized particles within the field of micrometer or millimeter with film forming materials. This thesis introduces microcapsule te...Microcapsule technology is a kind of technology wrapping the solid or liquid into minute-sized particles within the field of micrometer or millimeter with film forming materials. This thesis introduces microcapsule technology of phase change materials and its main functions and the structural composition, preparation methods and characterization technology of microcapsule of phase change materials. The microcapsule of phase change materials is small in size and its temperature remains unchanged during the process of heat absorption and heat release. It is of great value in research and application prospect due to these characteristics.展开更多
Since the conventional liquid-liquid extraction method suffered from a series of problems such as inefficiency of one stage extraction, vast device occupation and severe emulsification, we adopted microcapsule （MC） ...Since the conventional liquid-liquid extraction method suffered from a series of problems such as inefficiency of one stage extraction, vast device occupation and severe emulsification, we adopted microcapsule （MC） technique to change the former liq- uid-liquid extraction to liquid-solid extraction. Firstly, the piercing method was performed to prepare the empty polysulfone （PSF） microcapsules, which was easy to implement and control. Secondly, the ultrasonic approach was utilized to prepare the fimctional microcapsules containing 2-ethylhexylphosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester （EHPNA）. We focused on a key factor of the molar ratio of PSF over 1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone （NMP）, attaining a loading ratio as high as 7.21 g-EHPNA/g-PSF. Thirdly, we examined the kinetics and thermodynamics of extraction. Kinetic results demonstrated that equilibrium was reached within two hours, with an extraction rate of Sm3＋=Er3＋〉La3＋ Thermodynamic results showed that the extraction of lanthanides complied wi~ the Langmuir law, with an extraction capacity of 0.25~2.30 mmol/g-microcapsule. Fourthly, stripping experiment indicated that three hours were re- quired to accomplish equilibrium for La3＋ and Sm3＋ while longer hours for Er3＋. Finally, seven extraction-stripping cyclic experiments were performed for three mixed elements, the results of which revealed that Sm3＋ and Er3＋ maintained constantly high extractiori amount whilst La3＋ leveled off at approximately 50%. This proposed polysulfone microcapsule containing EHPNA is suitable to be applied to extraction and concentration of rare earth metals.展开更多
One-component, catalyst-free self-healing coatings with double-shelled polymer microcapsules have drawn considerable attention due to wide applications. In this work, the synthesis parameters of double-shelled polymer...One-component, catalyst-free self-healing coatings with double-shelled polymer microcapsules have drawn considerable attention due to wide applications. In this work, the synthesis parameters of double-shelled polymer microcapsules and the mechanism of the self-healing process were systematically investigated. Apart from the chemical structure of the microcapsule shell, the shell thickness, the microcapsule size,and the core fraction could affect the self-healing anticorrosion properties. The synthesis parameters were further optimized in terms of the agitation rate, p H, weight ratio of core to shell, and temperature. Under these conditions, the microcapsule shell consisting of a rough surface formed by poly(urea-formaldehyde) and a smooth inner wall by polyurethane was prepared. The size of the microcapsules and core fraction were calculated to be approximately 30 μm and 75%, respectively. The self-healing anticorrosion coating incorporating as-synthesized microcapsules exhibited corrosion resistance in artificially scratched areas, which was further characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.展开更多
To study the influences of phase change material(PCM)microcapsules in clothing on human thermal responses,a mathematical model is developed.The improved Stolwijk’s model is used to simulate human thermo-regulatory pr...To study the influences of phase change material(PCM)microcapsules in clothing on human thermal responses,a mathematical model is developed.The improved Stolwijk’s model is used to simulate human thermo-regulatory process,and the coupled heat and moisture transfer including the moisture sorption/desorption of fibers and effects of phase transition temperature range on the phase change processes of the PCM is considered in clothing model.Meanwhile,the theoretical predictions are validated by experimental data.Then,the interactions between human body thermal responses and the heat and moisture transfer in clothing are discussed by comparing the prediction results with PCMs and without PCMs.Also the effects of fiber hygroscopicity on clothing and human thermal responses are compared.The conclusion shows that the clothing with PCMs microcapsules can delay the human temperature variations and decrease the sweat accumulation rate on the skin surface and heat loss during changing of ambient conditions,and fiber hygroscopicity reduces the effect of PCM microcapsules on delaying garment temperature variations very significantly.展开更多
基金supported by CAPES scholarship-Brazil Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel(No.88887.507764/2020-00)]by CNPq-Brazil National Council of Technological and Scientific Development(No.308564/2023-5).
文摘The self-healing properties of dual-component epoxy microcapsules are evaluated when incorporated into an epoxy coating.The performance of the coating was assessed under immersion in a saline solution,simulating seawater conditions.Initially,synthesized microcapsules are incorporated into the epoxy coating.Then,the self-healing capabilities of the coating are studied under immersion using scanning vibrating electrode technique(SVET),open circuit potential(OCP),electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)and immersion corrosion test on coated samples with intentionally created artificial defects.The last three tests were conducted in a 3.5%NaCl solution.The adhesion of the coating is also studied by pull-off adhesion test.SVET analyses reveal lower ionic current densities in coated samples containing microcapsules during 24 h of immersion.EIS results demonstrate self-healing at the defect site for up to 12 h of immersion.After this time,the corrosion protection diminishes with prolonged immersion in the saline solution.Despite this,the coating with the microcapsules exhibits decrease in the corrosion process compared to the coating without the microcapsules.These results are consistent and complement the outcomes of the immersion tests conducted over 360 and 1056 h,which indicate that coated samples without microcapsules exhibit double the corroded areas around the scribes compared to coated samples containing the microcapsules.These findings offer a promising outlook for applying this coating on offshore carbon steel structures under immersion aiming for a longer lifetime with less maintenance intervention.
基金supported by the Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Development Plan Project(No.20220508003RC)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52202440,52003012)。
文摘Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)play a critical role in reducing carbon emissions in the automotive industry.However,they face challenges related to safety and performance failures.Smart technologies offer a promising solution to address these issues.Bioinspired microcapsules are a common approach to enhancing the performance and safety of smart LIBs.However,despite their potential,this area has not been thoroughly explored.This review provides an overview of the preparation methods for microcapsules,including physical,chemical,and physicochemical techniques.These microcapsules are categorized based on their mechanisms into electrode self-healing burst microcapsules,interphase-forming sustained-release microcapsules,live-lithium sustained-release microcapsules,and flame-retardant burst microcapsules.A comprehensive analysis of their bioinspired design concepts,mechanisms,and performance is presented,along with the design criteria for microcapsules suitable for LIBs.Finally,the review explores the potential applications of microcapsule technologies in LIBs and their future trends,such as enhancing existing technologies for novel applications like solid-state batteries and developing new types of microcapsules.This review aims to provide a foundation for the implementation of microcapsule technologies in LIBs and to highlight the latest advancements in smart batteries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52377133 and 52077014)the Youth Talent Support Program of Chongqing(CQYC2021058945)the General Program of the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing Municipality(CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0444).
文摘To address the inherent trade-off between mechanical strength and repair efficiency in conventional microcapsule-based self-healing technologies,this study presents an eggshell-inspired approach for fabricating high-load rigid porous microcapsules(HLRPMs)through subcritical water etching.By optimizing the subcritical water treatment parameters(OH−concentration:0.031 mol/L,tem-perature:240°C,duration:1.5 h),nanoscale through-holes were generated on hollow glass microspheres(shell thickness≈700 nm).The subsequent gradient pressure infiltration of flaxseed oil enabled a record-high core content of 88.2%.Systematic investigations demonstrated that incorporating 3 wt%HLRPMs into epoxy resin composites preserved excellent dielectric properties(breakdown strength≥30 kV/mm)and enhanced tensile strength by 7.52%.In addressing multimodal damage,the system achieved a 95.5%filling efficiency for mechanical scratches,a 97.0%reduction in frictional damage depth,and a 96.2%recovery of insulation following electrical treeing.This biomimetic microcapsule system concurrently improved self-healing capability and matrix performance,offering a promising strategy for the development of next-generation smart insulating materials.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52271066)Basic Research and Innovation Project for Vehicle Power+1 种基金Key Project of"Two-Chain Integration"in Shaanxi Province(No.2023-LL-QY-33-3)Xi'an Key Laboratory of Corrosion Protection and Functional Coating Technology for Military and Civil Light Alloy and Key Project of Shaanxi Natural Science Foundation Research Program(No.2021JZ-54)。
文摘A novel type of microcapsule-encapsulated corrosion inhibitor was prepared in a water-based solution with a pH range of 7-8,and it was applied to the composite organic coating of magnesium alloy plasma electrolytic oxidation to enhance its corrosion resistance and self-healing properties.The morphology,chemical composition,structure,and functional properties of the composite coating were investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),polarization curve,alternating current impedance,and salt immersion test.The experimental results showed that,after immersion in a 3.5 wt%NaCl solution for 12 h,the coating could effectively protect AZ91D from corrosion.When the coating was damaged,the exposed alloy surface would release metal ions in the corrosive environment and react with the corrosion inhibitor 8-hydroxyquinoline to form a Mg(8-HQ)_(2) chelate,exhibiting significant self-healing behavior.The study results demonstrate the broad application prospects of microcapsule technology in the coating field,providing new ideas for the development of efficient anti-corrosion coatings.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52072276)Hubei Important Project on Science and Technology(No.2022BECO20).
文摘Al-Si alloy,a high temperature phase change material,has great potential in thermal management due to its advantages of high heat storage density and thermal conductivity.Microencapsulation of Al-Si alloy is one of the effective techniques to solve high temperature leakage and corrosion.In this paper,commercial Al-10Si alloy micro powders were encapsulated with flexible ceramic shells whose total thickness is below 1μm by hydrothermal treatment and heat treatment in N_(2) atmosphere.The compositions and microstructures were characterized by XRD,SEM and TEM.The shell was composed of AlN fibers network structure embedded withα-Al_(2)O_(3)/AlN which prevented the alloy from leaking and oxidizing,as well as had excellent thermal stability.The latent heat of microcapsules was 351.8 J g^(-1)for absorption and 372.7 J g^(-1)for exothermic.The microcapsules showed near zero thermal performance loss with latent heat storage(LHS)/release(LHR)was 353.2/403.7 J g^(-1)after 3000 cycles.Compared with the published Al-Si alloy microcapsules,both high heat storage density and super thermal cycle stability were achieved,showing promising development prospects in high temperature thermal management.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.52036006)。
文摘In the last three decades,carbon dioxide(CO_(2)) emissions have shown a significant increase from various sources.To address this pressing issue,the importance of reducing CO_(2) emissions has grown,leading to increased attention toward carbon capture,utilization,and storage strategies.Among these strategies,monodisperse microcapsules,produced by using droplet microfluidics,have emerged as promising tools for carbon capture,offering a potential solution to mitigate CO_(2) emissions.However,the limited yield of microcapsules due to the inherent low flow rate in droplet microfluidics remains a challenge.In this comprehensive review,the high-throughput production of carbon capture microcapsules using droplet microfluidics is focused on.Specifically,the detailed insights into microfluidic chip fabrication technologies,the microfluidic generation of emulsion droplets,along with the associated hydrodynamic considerations,and the generation of carbon capture microcapsules through droplet microfluidics are provided.This review highlights the substantial potential of droplet microfluidics as a promising technique for large-scale carbon capture microcapsule production,which could play a significant role in achieving carbon neutralization and emission reduction goals.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51973205 and 51773189)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.WK9110000066,WK3450000005 and WK3450000006)。
文摘The design and synthesis of novel photocatalyst with self-temperature control function is an important topic in the field of advanced environmental functional materials.In this work,submicron-sized magnetic phase change microcapsules composed of paraffin core and Fe_(3)O_(4)-loaded silica shell are prepared,on which the Bi_(2)WO_(6)crystals is grown in situ through hydrothermal reaction to obtain novel magnetic phase-change-microcapsule-supported Bi_(2)WO_(6)catalyst(MP@FS/BWO).The MP@FS/BWO has a paraffin encapsulation ratio of 57.1%,and the phase change enthalpy of 105.1 J/g in a temperature range of 50–60℃,which endows the MP@FS/BWO with a certain self-temperature regulation ability.MP@FS/BWO shows excellent catalytic performance in the decomposition of rhodamine B under the simulated sunlight irradiation.After the light source is turned off,it still has good catalytic ability by maintaining high temperature due to its temperature control function based on the phase transition process.The MP@FS/BWO can be easily recycled by magnetic separation and shows good structural stability and reusability.This work provides a new idea for the development of long-effect and energy-saving outdoor photocatalysts.
基金Fund by the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (No.2018YFD1101002-03)。
文摘Double-layered microcapsule corrosion inhibitors were developed by sodium monofluorophosphate as the core material,polymethyl methacrylate as the inner wall material,and polyvinyl alcohol as the outer wall material combining the solvent evaporation method and spray drying method.The protection by the outer capsule wall was used to prolong the service life of the corrosion inhibitor.The dispersion,encapsulation,thermal stability of microcapsules,and the degradation rate of capsule wall in concrete pore solution were analyzed by ultra-deep field microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,thermal analyzer,and sodium ion release rate analysis.The microcapsules were incorporated into mortar samples containing steel reinforcement,and the effects of double-layered microcapsule corrosion inhibitors on the performance of the cement matrix and the actual corrosion-inhibiting effect were analyzed.The experimental results show that the double-layered microcapsules have a moderate particle size and uniform distribution,and the capsules were completely wrapped.The microcapsules as a whole have good thermal stability below 230 ℃.The monolayer membrane structure microcapsules completely broke within 1 day in the simulated concrete pore solution,and the double-layer membrane structure prolonged the service life of the microcapsules to 80 days in the simulated concrete pore solution before the core material was completely released.The mortar samples containing steel reinforcement incorporated with the double-layered microcapsule corrosion inhibitors still maintained a higher corrosion potential than the monolayer microcapsule corrosion inhibitors control group at 60 days.The incorporation of double-layered microcapsules into the cement matrix has no significant adverse effect on the setting time and early strength.
基金Supported by Undergraduate Training Program for Innovation and Entrepreneurship of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine in 2023(S202310600084)。
文摘In this paper, the preparation technique of lavender essential oil microcapsules and the construction method of aromatic textiles were expounded, and the research status of bed curtains and lavender microcapsules at home and abroad was analyzed and studied from the perspective of application in textiles. The application of lavender essential oil to bed curtains through the microcapsule technique was put forward to allow lavender essential oil to play its role of helping sleep in bed curtains. This paper expounded the material selection and preparation technique of lavender microcapsule agents, and put forward the preparation method of microcapsules with mixed solutions of pure Chinese medicine extracts and natural essences as core material and high-viscosity epoxy resin as wall materials. The post-processing techniques and the spray ironing method for clothing were studied and developed, and these techniques and methods were applied to bed curtains, and good results were obtained.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(Grants No.2023YFC3208900 and 2023YFC3208904)the Jiangsu Water Resources Conservancy Science and Technology Project(Grant No.2022063).
文摘Harmful algal blooms(HABs)resulting from eutrophication pose a major threat to ecosystems and human health,necessitating effective control measures.Allelochemicals have shown their importance in slowing down algal proliferation due to their proven efficacy and low ecological impacts.In this study,allelopathy tea polyphenols(TPs)andβ-cyclodextrin were combined to prepare slow-release algicidal microcapsules,and the diversity of microbial community in the algal inhibition process was analyzed.Results showed that TP slow-release microcapsules had strong algicidal activity.When against Microcystis aeruginosa within 20 d,their constant inhibitory rate was up to 99%compared to the control group.Microbial diversity decreased with an increase in algae density,and the species richness and diversity of algae increased under the stress of TP slow-release microcapsules.The redundancy analysis showed that the environmental factors with impacts on the abundance and diversity of bacterial communities in descending order were dissolved oxygen,pH,and temperature.This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of TP slow-release microcapsules to actual water.
基金supported by the National Natural Science of China(32272596)Key Research Development Program of Shandong Province(2022CXGC020710)+2 种基金Shandong Province Agricultural Major Technology Collaborative Promotion Plan(SDNYXTTG-2023-20)Central Publicinterest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(No.1610232023005)Major technology projects[110202201029(LS-13)].
文摘Pesticide-loaded flexible carriers that allow for deformation and adhesion on crop leaves is an effective way to improve pesticide utilization.In interfacial polymerization,the addition of octaphenyl polyoxyethylene(OP)with different hydrophile lipophilic balances(HLBs)into the oil phase can regulate the flexibility of pyraclostrobinloaded microcapsules(MCs).Due to differences in amphiphilicity and molecular structure,OP redistributed on the oil-water two-phases and oil-water interface.With increasing HLB,the proportion of OP entering the aqueous phase increased.Furthermore,more OP with low HLB remained in the oil phase and occupied the oil-water interface,and these OPs participated in and regulated the interfacial polymerization to increase the thickness,reduce the compactness of the shell,and increase the hydroxyl and ether bond contents in the shell.Therefore,pyraclostrobin-loaded MCs with low HLB(11.5-12.5)OP-7 exhibited flexible deformation,strong foliar adhesion,good scouring resistance,and a high control effect on peanut leaf spot,which the disease severity was 3.67.For high HLB(16),OP-21-prepared MCs with compact shells were safer to zebrafish,which the safety index was 23.81.Using the amphiphilicity of OP molecules to drive their redistribution in an encapsulation system to regulate interfacial polymerization is an effective way to control the structure and performance of pesticideloaded MCs.
基金Special Research Foundation of Ph.D. Study in University(20040291004)Major Project of Chinese(National Programs for Fundamental Research(2003CB716000)
文摘Aim A RP- HPLC method for determination of lycopene in microcapsules was established. Methods The HPLC assay was performed on an Alltima Cls （4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5μm） column with a mixture of methanol-THF-water （66：30：4, V/V/V） as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.5 mL·min^-1 and the UV detection wavelength was 472 nm. Results The linear range of lycopene was 3.6-18 μg·mL^-1, r = 0.999 8, the average recovery was from 99.81% to 101.06% with RSD less than 1.83%. The RSD of intra-day and interday precision were less than 3.34%. Conclusion The method is simple, accurate and suitable for the determination of lycopene in microcapsules.
文摘Aim PLA/PLGA was used as biodegradable and biocompatible carriers to achieve sustained release of estradiol (E 2). Methods Microcapsules (MC) were prepared by an emulsification solvent extraction method, and then the properties and in vitro drug release behavior of MC were examined. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the statistical significance. Then, multiple comparisons were made with a T method between levels to examine the significance of difference further. For all the results a P value 】0 05 was considered statistically insignificant . Results Under the same conditions, the water adding speed and the particle size had significant effects ( P 【0 01) on the entrapment efficiency of MC; the water adding speed and the concentration of PLA in the oil phase had significant effects ( P 【0 01) on the diameter MC in medium. Release of E 2 from MC was influenced significantly ( P 【0 01) by the water adding speed and the type and molecule weight of the polymers. But the differences between levels of the variates were not all significant. Conclusion E 2 PLA/PLGA MC with various properties can be formed when the formulation and the technology were changed accordingly.
基金Project(50771010) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The nanostructured copper/microcapsule containing liquid core materials composite（copper/liquid microcapsules composite） was prepared using direct current（DC） electrodeposition method.The surface morphology and microstructure of composite were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy（SEM）,transmission electron microscopy（TEM） and X-ray diffraction（XRD）.The results show that the microstructure of electrodeposited layer transformed from bulk crystal to nano structure because of the participation of microcapsules.The diameters of microcapsules and the copper grain sizes in the composite were 2？20 μm and 10？20 nm,respectively.In addition,the electrodeposition mechanism of composite in the deposition process followed electrochemistry theory,which was proved by the theoretical analysis result and the experiment results.Meanwhile,the co-deposition process model was presented.
文摘Microcapsules with chlorpyrifos cores and polyurea walls were synthesized with 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate as an oil-soluble monomer and ethylenediamine as a water-soluble monomer via an interracial polycondensation reaction. The products were characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, ^13C NMR spectrometry and ^31p NMR spectrometry. The morphology, the particle size and the particle size distribution, and the thermal properties were also evaluated. The prepared microcapsules exhibit clear and smooth surfaces and have a mean diameter of 28. 13 μm. These microcapsules also have a good thermal stability for long-term use, and have potential applications in minimizing the toxicity of chlorpyrifos through controlled release.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.21878258 and 11704331)"theFundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities" (No. 2018QNA4046)+2 种基金the Youth Funds of the State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems (Zhejiang University)supported by the National Science Foundation (No. DMR-1310266)the Harvard Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (No.DMR-1420570)
文摘Fabrication of biocompatible core-shell microcapsules in a controllable and scalable manner remains an important but challenging task.Here,we develop a one-step microfluidic approach for the highthroughput production of biocompatible microcapsules,which utilizes single emulsions as templates and controls the precipitation of biocompatible polymer at the water/oil interface.The facile method enables the loading of various oils in the core and the enhancement of polymer shell strength by polyelectrolyte coating.The resulting microcapsules have the advantages of controllability,scalability,biocompatibility,high encapsulation efficiency and high loading capacity.The core-shell microcapsules are ideal delivery vehicles for programmable active release and various controlled release mechanisms are demonstrated,including burst release by vigorous shaking,pH-triggered release for targeted intestinal release and sustained release of perfume over a long period of time.The utility of our technique paves the way for practical applications of core-shell microcapsules.
文摘Microcapsule technology is a kind of technology wrapping the solid or liquid into minute-sized particles within the field of micrometer or millimeter with film forming materials. This thesis introduces microcapsule technology of phase change materials and its main functions and the structural composition, preparation methods and characterization technology of microcapsule of phase change materials. The microcapsule of phase change materials is small in size and its temperature remains unchanged during the process of heat absorption and heat release. It is of great value in research and application prospect due to these characteristics.
基金supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China(2012CBA01203)the Specialized Research Fund for Doctoral Program of Higher Education of Ministry of Education of China(20130002110018)
文摘Since the conventional liquid-liquid extraction method suffered from a series of problems such as inefficiency of one stage extraction, vast device occupation and severe emulsification, we adopted microcapsule （MC） technique to change the former liq- uid-liquid extraction to liquid-solid extraction. Firstly, the piercing method was performed to prepare the empty polysulfone （PSF） microcapsules, which was easy to implement and control. Secondly, the ultrasonic approach was utilized to prepare the fimctional microcapsules containing 2-ethylhexylphosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester （EHPNA）. We focused on a key factor of the molar ratio of PSF over 1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone （NMP）, attaining a loading ratio as high as 7.21 g-EHPNA/g-PSF. Thirdly, we examined the kinetics and thermodynamics of extraction. Kinetic results demonstrated that equilibrium was reached within two hours, with an extraction rate of Sm3＋=Er3＋〉La3＋ Thermodynamic results showed that the extraction of lanthanides complied wi~ the Langmuir law, with an extraction capacity of 0.25~2.30 mmol/g-microcapsule. Fourthly, stripping experiment indicated that three hours were re- quired to accomplish equilibrium for La3＋ and Sm3＋ while longer hours for Er3＋. Finally, seven extraction-stripping cyclic experiments were performed for three mixed elements, the results of which revealed that Sm3＋ and Er3＋ maintained constantly high extractiori amount whilst La3＋ leveled off at approximately 50%. This proposed polysulfone microcapsule containing EHPNA is suitable to be applied to extraction and concentration of rare earth metals.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan (No. 2016YFC0303700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51803215)+1 种基金CAS Pioneer Hundred Talents ProgramBeijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation (No. 2182075)
文摘One-component, catalyst-free self-healing coatings with double-shelled polymer microcapsules have drawn considerable attention due to wide applications. In this work, the synthesis parameters of double-shelled polymer microcapsules and the mechanism of the self-healing process were systematically investigated. Apart from the chemical structure of the microcapsule shell, the shell thickness, the microcapsule size,and the core fraction could affect the self-healing anticorrosion properties. The synthesis parameters were further optimized in terms of the agitation rate, p H, weight ratio of core to shell, and temperature. Under these conditions, the microcapsule shell consisting of a rough surface formed by poly(urea-formaldehyde) and a smooth inner wall by polyurethane was prepared. The size of the microcapsules and core fraction were calculated to be approximately 30 μm and 75%, respectively. The self-healing anticorrosion coating incorporating as-synthesized microcapsules exhibited corrosion resistance in artificially scratched areas, which was further characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50706017)the Research Funds of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (No.NS2010009)
文摘To study the influences of phase change material(PCM)microcapsules in clothing on human thermal responses,a mathematical model is developed.The improved Stolwijk’s model is used to simulate human thermo-regulatory process,and the coupled heat and moisture transfer including the moisture sorption/desorption of fibers and effects of phase transition temperature range on the phase change processes of the PCM is considered in clothing model.Meanwhile,the theoretical predictions are validated by experimental data.Then,the interactions between human body thermal responses and the heat and moisture transfer in clothing are discussed by comparing the prediction results with PCMs and without PCMs.Also the effects of fiber hygroscopicity on clothing and human thermal responses are compared.The conclusion shows that the clothing with PCMs microcapsules can delay the human temperature variations and decrease the sweat accumulation rate on the skin surface and heat loss during changing of ambient conditions,and fiber hygroscopicity reduces the effect of PCM microcapsules on delaying garment temperature variations very significantly.
