Objective:To find the possible way to predict the mode of embryonic development of nudibranchs,focusing on egg mass characteristics,embryonic development,and shell patterns of the veligers.Methods:Eight species of nud...Objective:To find the possible way to predict the mode of embryonic development of nudibranchs,focusing on egg mass characteristics,embryonic development,and shell patterns of the veligers.Methods:Eight species of nudibranch were collected in the eastern part of the Gulf of Thailand.The specimens were allowed to copulate and lay their egg masses under laboratory conditions.Embryonic development was monitored under a light microscope with a digital camera every day until hatching.Results:Most of the species of nudibranch collected had a single larva in each egg capsule that developed,except for Jorunna funebris,which had 1-4 larvae in each egg capsule.All the specimens had the same pattern of cell division and hatching into the water column during the veliger form.However,the species developed at different rates in each stage.Conclusions:All species in the current study had planktotrophic development except Doriprismatica atromarginata,which showed lecithotrophic development.Based on embryonic development among the nudibranchs that showed planktotrophic development,Jorunna funebris appeared to be the most advantageous species for culture development with regard to utilization and conservation in the future.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the antimicrobial properties of tissues extracts of different nudibranchs such as Phyllidia varicosa,Plakobranchus ocellatus,Phyllidiella rosans and Halgerda stricklandi against bacterial and fun...Objective:To evaluate the antimicrobial properties of tissues extracts of different nudibranchs such as Phyllidia varicosa,Plakobranchus ocellatus,Phyllidiella rosans and Halgerda stricklandi against bacterial and fungal pathogens.Methods:Nudibranchs tissue samples were subjected to organic solvent extraction for antimicrobial activity by well diffusion method.Results:The crude extract 50μL(0.2 mg)of Phyllidia varicosa showed the maximum inhibitory zone(22 mm)against Shigella flexneri.Plakobranchus ocellatus extract of 50μL(0.2 mg)showed the maximum inhibitory zone against Shigella flexneri(22 mm)and Staphylococcus aureus(19 mm)and no significant activity was found against the fungal pathogens.Conclusions:This work reveals that nudibranch tissues contain the antimicrobial secondary metabolites,which leads the significant activity against bacterial pathogens and further emphasizes detailed study on novel drug discovery from nudibranch tissues against certain human bacterial infections.展开更多
基金funded by the Center of Advanced Studies in Tropical Natural Resources,KU Institute for Advanced Studies,Kasetsart University and Faculty of Technology,Mahasarakham University.
文摘Objective:To find the possible way to predict the mode of embryonic development of nudibranchs,focusing on egg mass characteristics,embryonic development,and shell patterns of the veligers.Methods:Eight species of nudibranch were collected in the eastern part of the Gulf of Thailand.The specimens were allowed to copulate and lay their egg masses under laboratory conditions.Embryonic development was monitored under a light microscope with a digital camera every day until hatching.Results:Most of the species of nudibranch collected had a single larva in each egg capsule that developed,except for Jorunna funebris,which had 1-4 larvae in each egg capsule.All the specimens had the same pattern of cell division and hatching into the water column during the veliger form.However,the species developed at different rates in each stage.Conclusions:All species in the current study had planktotrophic development except Doriprismatica atromarginata,which showed lecithotrophic development.Based on embryonic development among the nudibranchs that showed planktotrophic development,Jorunna funebris appeared to be the most advantageous species for culture development with regard to utilization and conservation in the future.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the antimicrobial properties of tissues extracts of different nudibranchs such as Phyllidia varicosa,Plakobranchus ocellatus,Phyllidiella rosans and Halgerda stricklandi against bacterial and fungal pathogens.Methods:Nudibranchs tissue samples were subjected to organic solvent extraction for antimicrobial activity by well diffusion method.Results:The crude extract 50μL(0.2 mg)of Phyllidia varicosa showed the maximum inhibitory zone(22 mm)against Shigella flexneri.Plakobranchus ocellatus extract of 50μL(0.2 mg)showed the maximum inhibitory zone against Shigella flexneri(22 mm)and Staphylococcus aureus(19 mm)and no significant activity was found against the fungal pathogens.Conclusions:This work reveals that nudibranch tissues contain the antimicrobial secondary metabolites,which leads the significant activity against bacterial pathogens and further emphasizes detailed study on novel drug discovery from nudibranch tissues against certain human bacterial infections.
