The locus coeruleus(LC) is one of the essential chemoregulatory and sleep–wake(S–W) modulating centers in the brain. LC neurons remain highly active during wakefulness, and some implicitly become silent during rapid...The locus coeruleus(LC) is one of the essential chemoregulatory and sleep–wake(S–W) modulating centers in the brain. LC neurons remain highly active during wakefulness, and some implicitly become silent during rapid eye movement(REM) sleep. LC neurons are also involved in CO_2-dependent modulation of the respiratory drive. Acid-sensing ion channels(ASICs) are highly expressed in some brainstem chemosensory breathing regulatory areas, but their localization and functions in the LC remain unknown. Mild hypercapnia increases the amount of non-REM(NREM) sleep and the number of REM sleep episodes, but whether ASICs in the LC modulate S–W is unclear. Here, we investigated the presence of ASICs in the LC and their role in S–W modulation and the state transition from NREM to REM sleep. Male Wistar rats were surgically prepared for chronic polysomnographic recordings and drug microinjections into the LC. The presence of ASIC-2 and ASIC-3 in the LC was immunohistochemically characterized.Microinjections of amiloride(an ASIC blocker) and APETx2(a blocker of ASIC-2 and-3) into the LC significantly decreased wakefulness and REM sleep, but significantly increased NREM sleep. Mild hypercapnia increased the amount of NREM and the number of REM episodes. However, APETx2 microinjection inhibited this increase in REM frequency. These results suggest that the ASICs of LC neurons modulate S–W, indicating that ASICs could play an important role in vigilance-state transition. A mild increase in CO_2 level during NREM sleep sensed by ASICs could be one of the determinants of state transition from NREM to REM sleep.展开更多
睡眠是一种普遍存在现象,对机体内环境的稳定起至关重要作用。随着电生理技术的发展,先发现睡眠和觉醒状态下脑电图(electroencephalogram,EEG)的不同,此后又根据脑电、眼动和肌电的记录将睡眠分为快速眼动睡眠(rapid eye movement slee...睡眠是一种普遍存在现象,对机体内环境的稳定起至关重要作用。随着电生理技术的发展,先发现睡眠和觉醒状态下脑电图(electroencephalogram,EEG)的不同,此后又根据脑电、眼动和肌电的记录将睡眠分为快速眼动睡眠(rapid eye movement sleep,REM)即快波睡眠和非快速眼动睡眠期(nonrapid eye movement sleep,NREM) 即慢波睡眠 (slow wave sleep,SWS)。展开更多
目的:观察睡眠行为障碍患儿的脑电图(EEG)改变,探讨其对临床诊断及鉴别诊断的价值.方法:对50例睡眠行为障碍患儿进行24 h EEG监测.结果:EEG中癎样波10例,检出率为12.5%.其中9例癎样波有局灶或局灶性偏胜.拟诊梦游症20例中,癎样波检出6例...目的:观察睡眠行为障碍患儿的脑电图(EEG)改变,探讨其对临床诊断及鉴别诊断的价值.方法:对50例睡眠行为障碍患儿进行24 h EEG监测.结果:EEG中癎样波10例,检出率为12.5%.其中9例癎样波有局灶或局灶性偏胜.拟诊梦游症20例中,癎样波检出6例,检出率为30%;拟诊夜惊28例中,4例有癎样波,检出率为14.3%;拟诊梦魇2例,均为正常EEG.在描记中8例有临床发作,其中梦游及夜惊7例,均发生在NREM Ⅲ～Ⅳ期, EEG显示阵发性高幅δ、θ、α混合波型;梦魇1例发生在REM期, EEG显示觉醒波型.结论:儿童睡眠行为障碍中有一定数量患儿实际为癫癎, EEG在临床诊断及鉴别诊断方面有一定价值.展开更多
目的探讨老年癫痫患者的睡眠期结构及睡眠中相关的事件等多项睡眠图(polysomnogram,PSG)特点。方法分析41例老年癫痫患者(癫痫组)和33例无明确中枢神经系统疾病老年人(对照组)的含16信道的脑电图视频PSG,进一步分析癫痫组和对照组的夜...目的探讨老年癫痫患者的睡眠期结构及睡眠中相关的事件等多项睡眠图(polysomnogram,PSG)特点。方法分析41例老年癫痫患者(癫痫组)和33例无明确中枢神经系统疾病老年人(对照组)的含16信道的脑电图视频PSG,进一步分析癫痫组和对照组的夜间睡眠期结构、睡眠的相关事件。结果癫痫组与对照组比较,患者的非快速眼动(non rapid eye movement,NREM)睡眠1期比例较对照组高(26.23±13.68 vs 14.72±5.29,P<0.05)、NREM睡眠3期比例较对照组低(4.00±6.45 vs 8.09±5.91,P<0.01)、觉醒指数较对照组高(18.60±14.53 vs 10.90±5.72,P<0.05)、入睡后清醒时间(wake after sleep onset,WASO)较对照组长(132.91±66.23 vs 122.98±63.97,P<0.05),差异有统计学意义;两组间呼吸暂停/低通气指数(apnea-hypopnea index,AHI)、睡眠期周期性腿动指数(periodic limb movement index,PLMI)差异无统计学意义。结论老年癫痫患者存在睡眠期结构的转变,其NREM睡眠1期比例增多,NREM睡眠3期比例减少,觉醒指数较高,WASO升高。展开更多
基金supported by the Department of Science and Technology-Cognitive Science Initiative project funded to Sushil K Jhasupport from Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Department of Science and Technology(PURSE), Universities for Potential of Excellence (UPOE Ⅱ) and University Grants Commission-Special Assistance Programme)JNU funds to Sushil K Jha。
文摘The locus coeruleus(LC) is one of the essential chemoregulatory and sleep–wake(S–W) modulating centers in the brain. LC neurons remain highly active during wakefulness, and some implicitly become silent during rapid eye movement(REM) sleep. LC neurons are also involved in CO_2-dependent modulation of the respiratory drive. Acid-sensing ion channels(ASICs) are highly expressed in some brainstem chemosensory breathing regulatory areas, but their localization and functions in the LC remain unknown. Mild hypercapnia increases the amount of non-REM(NREM) sleep and the number of REM sleep episodes, but whether ASICs in the LC modulate S–W is unclear. Here, we investigated the presence of ASICs in the LC and their role in S–W modulation and the state transition from NREM to REM sleep. Male Wistar rats were surgically prepared for chronic polysomnographic recordings and drug microinjections into the LC. The presence of ASIC-2 and ASIC-3 in the LC was immunohistochemically characterized.Microinjections of amiloride(an ASIC blocker) and APETx2(a blocker of ASIC-2 and-3) into the LC significantly decreased wakefulness and REM sleep, but significantly increased NREM sleep. Mild hypercapnia increased the amount of NREM and the number of REM episodes. However, APETx2 microinjection inhibited this increase in REM frequency. These results suggest that the ASICs of LC neurons modulate S–W, indicating that ASICs could play an important role in vigilance-state transition. A mild increase in CO_2 level during NREM sleep sensed by ASICs could be one of the determinants of state transition from NREM to REM sleep.
文摘目的探讨老年癫痫患者的睡眠期结构及睡眠中相关的事件等多项睡眠图(polysomnogram,PSG)特点。方法分析41例老年癫痫患者(癫痫组)和33例无明确中枢神经系统疾病老年人(对照组)的含16信道的脑电图视频PSG,进一步分析癫痫组和对照组的夜间睡眠期结构、睡眠的相关事件。结果癫痫组与对照组比较,患者的非快速眼动(non rapid eye movement,NREM)睡眠1期比例较对照组高(26.23±13.68 vs 14.72±5.29,P<0.05)、NREM睡眠3期比例较对照组低(4.00±6.45 vs 8.09±5.91,P<0.01)、觉醒指数较对照组高(18.60±14.53 vs 10.90±5.72,P<0.05)、入睡后清醒时间(wake after sleep onset,WASO)较对照组长(132.91±66.23 vs 122.98±63.97,P<0.05),差异有统计学意义;两组间呼吸暂停/低通气指数(apnea-hypopnea index,AHI)、睡眠期周期性腿动指数(periodic limb movement index,PLMI)差异无统计学意义。结论老年癫痫患者存在睡眠期结构的转变,其NREM睡眠1期比例增多,NREM睡眠3期比例减少,觉醒指数较高,WASO升高。
