1.Overview of Neurorestoratology The rapidlyemergingmedical discipline,Neurorestoratology aims to restore damaged or lost neural functions and/or structures,thereby improving the quality of life of patients suffering ...1.Overview of Neurorestoratology The rapidlyemergingmedical discipline,Neurorestoratology aims to restore damaged or lost neural functions and/or structures,thereby improving the quality of life of patients suffering fromneuropsychiatric/neurodegenerative and neurotraumatic disorders.1,2 Based on neuroanatomy and neural functions,Neurorestoratology is divided into five branches:(1)The central nervous system Neurorestoratology.(2)Peripheral nervous system Neurorestoratology.(3)Autonomic nervous system Neurorestoratology.(4)Psychiatric Neurorestoratology.(5)Higher brain function Neurorestoratology.展开更多
The 2nd International Association of Neurorestoratology Annual Conference （IANAC） was successfully held in Beijing, China, from April 24 to 26, 2009. More than 200 representatives from 30 countries and regions atten...The 2nd International Association of Neurorestoratology Annual Conference （IANAC） was successfully held in Beijing, China, from April 24 to 26, 2009. More than 200 representatives from 30 countries and regions attended the meeting and carried out extensive academic communications and reached important consensus on many issues in neuroregeneration, neural structural repair, neural replacement, neuroprotection, neuromodulation, neurorehabilitation, neuroplasticity and other areas in the field of neurorestoratology. The genera/assembly adopted ＂Beijing Declaration of International Association of Neurorestoratology＂ （Beijing Declaration） that was proposed by 32 scientists from 18 countries.展开更多
Dear all colleagues,Journal of Neurorestoratology is the official journal of International Association of Neurorestoratology(IANR)in collaboration with Dove press since 2013.In such a short time,the journal has gained...Dear all colleagues,Journal of Neurorestoratology is the official journal of International Association of Neurorestoratology(IANR)in collaboration with Dove press since 2013.In such a short time,the journal has gained wide attention and enormous scientific reputation in the field.As you know,Neurorestoratology is a novel clinical discipline thus,the Journal of Neurorestoratology being a new journal its future path of development could still be not smooth.展开更多
COVID-19 has been an emerging and rapidly evolving risk to people of the world in 2020.Facing this dangerous situation,many colleagues in Neurorestoratology did their best to avoid infection if themselves and their pa...COVID-19 has been an emerging and rapidly evolving risk to people of the world in 2020.Facing this dangerous situation,many colleagues in Neurorestoratology did their best to avoid infection if themselves and their patients,and continued their work in the research areas described in the 2020 Yearbook of Neurorestoratology.Neurorestorative achievements and progress during 2020 includes recent findings on the pathogenesis of neurological diseases,neurorestorative mechanisms and clinical therapeutic achievements.Therapeutic progress during this year included advances in cell therapies,neurostimulation/neuromodulation,brain-computer interface(BCI),and pharmaceutical neurorestorative therapies,which improved neurological functions and quality of life for patients.Four clinical guidelines or standards of Neurorestoratology were published in 2020.Milestone examples include:1)a multicenter randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled study of olfactory ensheathing cell treatment of chronic stroke showed functional improvements;2)patients after transhumeral amputation experienced increased sensory acuity and had improved effectiveness in work and other activities of daily life using a prosthesis;3)a patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis used a steady-state visual evoked potential(SSVEP)-based BCI to achieve accurate and speedy computer input;4)a patient with complete chronic spinal cord injury recovered both motor function and touch sensation with a BCI and restored ability to detect objects by touch and several sensorimotor functions.We hope these achievements motivate and encourage other scientists and physicians to increase neurorestorative research and its therapeutic applications.展开更多
When any subject develops to a certain stage,it puts forward higher requirements for all kinds of normative development of the subject.There is an old Chinese saying that a sword is sharpened in ten years.That is to s...When any subject develops to a certain stage,it puts forward higher requirements for all kinds of normative development of the subject.There is an old Chinese saying that a sword is sharpened in ten years.That is to say,it’s not easy for the best thing to come from.In 2007,Chinese scholars first put forward the concept of Neurorestoratology in the world.Since then this new discipline has been recognized by professionals in more than 40 countries and regions.展开更多
Breakthroughs with rapid changes are the themes of the development in Neurorestoratology this year.Given the very difficult circumstances of the persistent COVID-19 pandemic,most of the colleagues in Neurorestoratolog...Breakthroughs with rapid changes are the themes of the development in Neurorestoratology this year.Given the very difficult circumstances of the persistent COVID-19 pandemic,most of the colleagues in Neurorestoratology have conducted meaningful research and obtained encouraging results,as described in the 2020 Yearbook of Neurorestoratology.Neurorestorative progress during 2021 depicts recent findings on the pathogenesis of neurological diseases,neurorestorative mechanisms and clinical therapeutic achievements.The pathogenesis and risk factors of Alzheimer's disease were parts of the most prominent hot research topics.Yet,it remains controversial whether b-amyloid accumulation and tau protein deposition are the results of,or the reasons for the neurodegenerative processes.Neurogenesis is an important neurorestorative mechanism,however,it is questionable whether neural stem cells are present in the adult humans brain.Thus,neurogenesis may not derive from endogenous neural stem cells in the adult humans.Neurorestorative treatments were important areas of the 2021 research efforts and these therapies are improving the quality of life in patients with neurological diseases.There was major exploration of cell-based therapies for neurological disease and injury.However,unfortunately several multi-center,double-blind or observing-blind,placebo controlled,randomized clinical trials of mesenchymal stromal cells or products of mesenchymal stem cells failed to show positive results in ischemic stroke when employed in the sub-acute or recovery phases as there were no appreciable differences in the quality of life as compared with controls.Excitingly,increased numbers of clinical investigations of brainecomputer interface(BCI)were reported that showed benefits for patients with neurological deficits.In pharmaceutical neurorestorative therapies,Aducanumab(Aduhelm)and Sodium Oligomannate are approved respectively by the United States Food and Drug Administration(USFDA)and the China National Medical Products Administration(NMPA)to treat patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease.Although,the decisions to approve these drugs are highly contentious in the medical and scientific community because of the contradictory findings or other problems associated with the drug usage.We believe that repeating low-level evidence studies that showed negative results or scanty evidences in randomized control trials is of little significance.However,we strongly recommend conducting multi-center,double-blind,placebo controlled,randomized clinical trials for promising innovative therapeutic methods to facilitate their possible clinical translation.展开更多
The field of Neurorestoratology is steadily growing.The developmental phases and current key tasks are presented below:Neurorestoratology development divides into four phases,Preparation,Incubation,Growth,and Maturity...The field of Neurorestoratology is steadily growing.The developmental phases and current key tasks are presented below:Neurorestoratology development divides into four phases,Preparation,Incubation,Growth,and Maturity.1 The characteristics of the Preparation phase.展开更多
Time is infinite movement in constant motion.We are glad to see that Neurorestoratology,a new discipline,has grown into a rich field involving many global researchers in recent years.In this 2019 yearbook of Neurorest...Time is infinite movement in constant motion.We are glad to see that Neurorestoratology,a new discipline,has grown into a rich field involving many global researchers in recent years.In this 2019 yearbook of Neurorestoratology,we introduce the most recent advances and achievements in this field,including findings on the pathogenesis of neurological diseases,neurorestorative mechanisms,and clinical therapeutic achievements globally.Many patients have benefited from treatments involving cell therapies,neurostimulation/neuromodulation,brain–computer interface,neurorestorative surgery or pharmacy,and many others.Clinical physicians can refer to this yearbook with the latest knowledge and apply it to clinical practice.展开更多
Adopted by the 2nd IANR Annual Conference General Assembly,Beijing,China,April 2009 and amended by the:8th IANR Annual Conference General Assembly,Tehran,Iran,April 201514th IANR Annual Conference,Xi'an,China,Marc...Adopted by the 2nd IANR Annual Conference General Assembly,Beijing,China,April 2009 and amended by the:8th IANR Annual Conference General Assembly,Tehran,Iran,April 201514th IANR Annual Conference,Xi'an,China,March 20231.With the rapid advancement of basic and clinical research in neurorestoration,Neurorestoratology has become a distinct medical discipline based on both the neurorestorative potential findings and neurorestorable theory of the central nervous system(CNS).Several relevant academic organizations,institutions,clinical centers and departments have been established worldwide,and many guidelines and expert consensus documents have been released for the purpose of promoting CNS restoration.The International Association of Neurorestoratology(IANR)is one of the most important academic platforms for this discipline.展开更多
There was much progress in the field of Neurorestoratology in the year of 2022.It included highlighting advances in understanding the pathogenesis of neurological diseases,neurorestorative mechanisms,and clinical trea...There was much progress in the field of Neurorestoratology in the year of 2022.It included highlighting advances in understanding the pathogenesis of neurological diseases,neurorestorative mechanisms,and clinical treatments as compiled in the 2022 yearbook of Neurorestoratology.There is still controversy about whether amyloid b-protein and tau protein deposition are the reasons for or the results of Alzheimer's disease(AD)pathology.The fabricated images in important key articles that speculated on the reasons for AD pathogenesis were found.Cholinergic deficiency and decrease or loss in strength of glutamatergic synapse,limited or failing bidirectional cholinergic upregulation in early cognitive impairment,or progressive posterior-to-anterior cortical cholinergic denervation could result in the appearance of AD.Exploration of neurorestorative mechanisms were found in more detail ways in neuromodulation,immunomodulation,neurogenesis,neural network or circuitry reconstruction,neuroprotection,nervous structural repair,and neuroplasticity.Several kinds of cell therapies for neurological diseases showed neurorestorative effects in open-label and/or non-randomized clinical studies or trials.However,mesenchymal stromal cells and mononuclear cells did not demonstrate neurorestorative effects or improve the quality of life for patients with neurodegenerative diseases or neurotrauma including stroke,spinal cord injury(SCI),and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled clinical trials(RDPCTs).Clinical treatments through neurostimulation/neuromodulation and the brainecomputer/machine interface yielded positive results in AD,Parkinson's disease,stroke,SCI,cerebral palsy,and other diseases in RDPCTs.Neurorestorative surgery,pharmaceutical neurorestorative therapy and other interventions have demonstrated neurorestorative effects for various considered incurable neurological diseases in RDPCTs.Thus,this year,additional guidelines,assessment scales,and standards were set up or revised.These included guidelines of clinical neurorestorative treatments for brain trauma(2022 China version),clinical cell therapy guidelines for neurorestoration(IANR/CANR 2022),SCI or dysfunction quality of life rating scale(SCIDQLRS)(IANR 2022 version).Neurorestorative effects of varying therapeutic strategies with higher standards of evidence-based medicine are now benefiting patients with currently incurable neurological diseases.Hopefully some of them may become routine therapeutic interventions for patients with these diseases in the near future.展开更多
In 2016 we published the first Yearbook of Neurorestoratology,which summarized pathogenesis in nervous system disease and damage,as well as neurorestorative mechanisms and neurorestorative therapeutic results.Given th...In 2016 we published the first Yearbook of Neurorestoratology,which summarized pathogenesis in nervous system disease and damage,as well as neurorestorative mechanisms and neurorestorative therapeutic results.Given the progress and achievements occurring in 2017,we have put together those major progresses as the“2017 Yearbook of Neurorestoratology”,which can help readers to easily follow the latest developments in Neurorestoratology.展开更多
Multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring(Muse)cells were discovered in 2010 as a subpopulation of mesenchymal stroma cells(MSCs).Muse cells can self-renew and tolerate severe culturing conditions.These cells can d...Multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring(Muse)cells were discovered in 2010 as a subpopulation of mesenchymal stroma cells(MSCs).Muse cells can self-renew and tolerate severe culturing conditions.These cells can differentiate into three lineage cells spontaneously or in induced medium but do not form teratoma in vitro or in vivo.Central nervous system(CNS)diseases,such as intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH),cerebral infarction,and spinal cord injury are normally disastrous.Despite numerous therapy strategies,CNS diseases are difficult to recover.As a novel kind of pluripotent stem cells,Muse cells have shown great regeneration capacity in many animal models,including acute myocardial infarction,hepatectomy,and acute cerebral ischemia(ACI).After injection into injury sites,Muse cells survived,migrated,and differentiated into functional neurons with synaptic junctions to local neurons and contributed to recovery of function.Furthermore,Muse cell differentiation did not need to be induced pre-transplantation and no tumors were observed post-transplantation.The Muse cell population is promising and may lead to a revolution in regenerative medicine.This review focuses on recent advances regarding the Muse cells therapies in Neurorestoratology and discusses future perspectives in this field.展开更多
The Neurorestoratology discipline is getting worldwide attention from the clinicians,basic scientists,students and policy makers alike.Accordingly,this year too,the discipline has made profound advances and great achi...The Neurorestoratology discipline is getting worldwide attention from the clinicians,basic scientists,students and policy makers alike.Accordingly,this year too,the discipline has made profound advances and great achievements for the benefit of the mankind.In this report,of the 2018 Neurorestoratology Yearbook,salient features of new developments are summarized.This Yearbook consists 3 key themes namely(i)the new findings on pathogenesis of neurological diseases or degeneration;(ii)the new mechanisms of neurorestorative aspects;and(iii)the achievements and progresses made in the clinical field of neurorestorative therapies.The new trend has emerged in clinical studies that are based on greater levels of evidence-based medical practices both in clinical therapies and clinical trials based on standard designs.展开更多
Recent advances in upstream medical therapies for neuromuscular disorders suggest that the best outcomes result from their administration in the pre-symptomatic,and perhaps,neonatal period.Currently available therapie...Recent advances in upstream medical therapies for neuromuscular disorders suggest that the best outcomes result from their administration in the pre-symptomatic,and perhaps,neonatal period.Currently available therapies,and many other extremely expensive therapies in the pipeline soon to be considered by the Food and Drug Administration,and suggest the importance of avoiding potential life-threatening disease complications for patients to continue to benefit from these.There is evidence that this is almost always possible with the use of respiratory muscle aids to avoid pneumonias and respiratory failure,but these are currently little understood and rarely offered by the medical community.However,restoring neuromuscular function necessitates keeping the patient alive and well.展开更多
The 10^(th) annual conference of the International Association of Neurorestoratology(IANR)was held on Sept.28‐30,2017.Here main promising topics were summarized,such as,memorial of Professor Geoffrey Raisman-Life Hon...The 10^(th) annual conference of the International Association of Neurorestoratology(IANR)was held on Sept.28‐30,2017.Here main promising topics were summarized,such as,memorial of Professor Geoffrey Raisman-Life Honorary President of IANR,highlights which include cell transplantation,new mechanism and new technology,problems and challenges in the field of Neurorestoratology.展开更多
The 11th Annual Conference of the International Association of Neurorestoratology(IANR)was held from October 2nd to 4th at the University of Rutgers,New Jersey,USA,in which the most highlight was to report many fronti...The 11th Annual Conference of the International Association of Neurorestoratology(IANR)was held from October 2nd to 4th at the University of Rutgers,New Jersey,USA,in which the most highlight was to report many frontier clinical trials.This summary report tries to display mainly presenting achievements in this conference.展开更多
Dear Editor,We would like to express our sincere appreciation for your recent Editorial,titled"Two sides of one coin:Neurorestoratology and Neurorehabilitation".1 In this article,you have provided profound i...Dear Editor,We would like to express our sincere appreciation for your recent Editorial,titled"Two sides of one coin:Neurorestoratology and Neurorehabilitation".1 In this article,you have provided profound insights into the disciplines of neurorestoratology and neurorehabilitation,and have provided a clear explanation of these two easily confused emerging fields.A major highlight of this article is the emphasis of the Beijing Declaration of the International Association of Neurorestoratology(IANR),which asserts that neural function can be achievable after nerve injury or degenerative changes.2 This is also the common background for the development of both disciplines,understood as complementary and cooperative fields.展开更多
In current medical systems,in addition to classical clinical medicine focusing on disease diagnosis and treatment,there are emerging fields of preventive medicine,rehabilitation medicine,and restorative medicine(medic...In current medical systems,in addition to classical clinical medicine focusing on disease diagnosis and treatment,there are emerging fields of preventive medicine,rehabilitation medicine,and restorative medicine(medical restoratology).The combination of these fields constitutes an important platform in modern medicine.1 The current editorial focuses on the branches of restorative medicine and rehabilitation medicine,namely Neurorestoratology and Neurorehabilitation,as well as their characteristics and differences.展开更多
Dear Editor,We very much appreciate the letter from Dr.Li et al.regarding“Two Sides of One Coin:Neurorestoratology and Neurorehabilitation”.We agree that“Both disciplines emphasize the recovery of function”.As sta...Dear Editor,We very much appreciate the letter from Dr.Li et al.regarding“Two Sides of One Coin:Neurorestoratology and Neurorehabilitation”.We agree that“Both disciplines emphasize the recovery of function”.As stated in our article,1“combining therapies from Neurorestoratology and Neurorehabilitation(i.e.,restoring the impaired nervous system itself and targeted treatment to change the consequences of neurological impairments via neurorehabilitation are likely to enhance therapeutic outcomes”.展开更多
1.Background In April of 2008,Huang HY&Chen L first proposed the concept of the discipline of“Neurorestoratology”.1 The first Annual Conference of the International Association of Neurorestoratology(IANR)was hel...1.Background In April of 2008,Huang HY&Chen L first proposed the concept of the discipline of“Neurorestoratology”.1 The first Annual Conference of the International Association of Neurorestoratology(IANR)was held in Beijing on the May 15e18,2008.During this conference,the first council board of the IANR proposed a definition of this discipline through the IANR declaration.Thirty-two top scientists and physicians involved in neurorestoration from 18 countries initially drafted the Beijing Declaration of IANR,which was revised and formally adopted at the 2nd IANR Annual Conference General Assembly.展开更多
文摘1.Overview of Neurorestoratology The rapidlyemergingmedical discipline,Neurorestoratology aims to restore damaged or lost neural functions and/or structures,thereby improving the quality of life of patients suffering fromneuropsychiatric/neurodegenerative and neurotraumatic disorders.1,2 Based on neuroanatomy and neural functions,Neurorestoratology is divided into five branches:(1)The central nervous system Neurorestoratology.(2)Peripheral nervous system Neurorestoratology.(3)Autonomic nervous system Neurorestoratology.(4)Psychiatric Neurorestoratology.(5)Higher brain function Neurorestoratology.
文摘The 2nd International Association of Neurorestoratology Annual Conference （IANAC） was successfully held in Beijing, China, from April 24 to 26, 2009. More than 200 representatives from 30 countries and regions attended the meeting and carried out extensive academic communications and reached important consensus on many issues in neuroregeneration, neural structural repair, neural replacement, neuroprotection, neuromodulation, neurorehabilitation, neuroplasticity and other areas in the field of neurorestoratology. The genera/assembly adopted ＂Beijing Declaration of International Association of Neurorestoratology＂ （Beijing Declaration） that was proposed by 32 scientists from 18 countries.
文摘Dear all colleagues,Journal of Neurorestoratology is the official journal of International Association of Neurorestoratology(IANR)in collaboration with Dove press since 2013.In such a short time,the journal has gained wide attention and enormous scientific reputation in the field.As you know,Neurorestoratology is a novel clinical discipline thus,the Journal of Neurorestoratology being a new journal its future path of development could still be not smooth.
文摘COVID-19 has been an emerging and rapidly evolving risk to people of the world in 2020.Facing this dangerous situation,many colleagues in Neurorestoratology did their best to avoid infection if themselves and their patients,and continued their work in the research areas described in the 2020 Yearbook of Neurorestoratology.Neurorestorative achievements and progress during 2020 includes recent findings on the pathogenesis of neurological diseases,neurorestorative mechanisms and clinical therapeutic achievements.Therapeutic progress during this year included advances in cell therapies,neurostimulation/neuromodulation,brain-computer interface(BCI),and pharmaceutical neurorestorative therapies,which improved neurological functions and quality of life for patients.Four clinical guidelines or standards of Neurorestoratology were published in 2020.Milestone examples include:1)a multicenter randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled study of olfactory ensheathing cell treatment of chronic stroke showed functional improvements;2)patients after transhumeral amputation experienced increased sensory acuity and had improved effectiveness in work and other activities of daily life using a prosthesis;3)a patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis used a steady-state visual evoked potential(SSVEP)-based BCI to achieve accurate and speedy computer input;4)a patient with complete chronic spinal cord injury recovered both motor function and touch sensation with a BCI and restored ability to detect objects by touch and several sensorimotor functions.We hope these achievements motivate and encourage other scientists and physicians to increase neurorestorative research and its therapeutic applications.
文摘When any subject develops to a certain stage,it puts forward higher requirements for all kinds of normative development of the subject.There is an old Chinese saying that a sword is sharpened in ten years.That is to say,it’s not easy for the best thing to come from.In 2007,Chinese scholars first put forward the concept of Neurorestoratology in the world.Since then this new discipline has been recognized by professionals in more than 40 countries and regions.
文摘Breakthroughs with rapid changes are the themes of the development in Neurorestoratology this year.Given the very difficult circumstances of the persistent COVID-19 pandemic,most of the colleagues in Neurorestoratology have conducted meaningful research and obtained encouraging results,as described in the 2020 Yearbook of Neurorestoratology.Neurorestorative progress during 2021 depicts recent findings on the pathogenesis of neurological diseases,neurorestorative mechanisms and clinical therapeutic achievements.The pathogenesis and risk factors of Alzheimer's disease were parts of the most prominent hot research topics.Yet,it remains controversial whether b-amyloid accumulation and tau protein deposition are the results of,or the reasons for the neurodegenerative processes.Neurogenesis is an important neurorestorative mechanism,however,it is questionable whether neural stem cells are present in the adult humans brain.Thus,neurogenesis may not derive from endogenous neural stem cells in the adult humans.Neurorestorative treatments were important areas of the 2021 research efforts and these therapies are improving the quality of life in patients with neurological diseases.There was major exploration of cell-based therapies for neurological disease and injury.However,unfortunately several multi-center,double-blind or observing-blind,placebo controlled,randomized clinical trials of mesenchymal stromal cells or products of mesenchymal stem cells failed to show positive results in ischemic stroke when employed in the sub-acute or recovery phases as there were no appreciable differences in the quality of life as compared with controls.Excitingly,increased numbers of clinical investigations of brainecomputer interface(BCI)were reported that showed benefits for patients with neurological deficits.In pharmaceutical neurorestorative therapies,Aducanumab(Aduhelm)and Sodium Oligomannate are approved respectively by the United States Food and Drug Administration(USFDA)and the China National Medical Products Administration(NMPA)to treat patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease.Although,the decisions to approve these drugs are highly contentious in the medical and scientific community because of the contradictory findings or other problems associated with the drug usage.We believe that repeating low-level evidence studies that showed negative results or scanty evidences in randomized control trials is of little significance.However,we strongly recommend conducting multi-center,double-blind,placebo controlled,randomized clinical trials for promising innovative therapeutic methods to facilitate their possible clinical translation.
文摘The field of Neurorestoratology is steadily growing.The developmental phases and current key tasks are presented below:Neurorestoratology development divides into four phases,Preparation,Incubation,Growth,and Maturity.1 The characteristics of the Preparation phase.
文摘Time is infinite movement in constant motion.We are glad to see that Neurorestoratology,a new discipline,has grown into a rich field involving many global researchers in recent years.In this 2019 yearbook of Neurorestoratology,we introduce the most recent advances and achievements in this field,including findings on the pathogenesis of neurological diseases,neurorestorative mechanisms,and clinical therapeutic achievements globally.Many patients have benefited from treatments involving cell therapies,neurostimulation/neuromodulation,brain–computer interface,neurorestorative surgery or pharmacy,and many others.Clinical physicians can refer to this yearbook with the latest knowledge and apply it to clinical practice.
文摘Adopted by the 2nd IANR Annual Conference General Assembly,Beijing,China,April 2009 and amended by the:8th IANR Annual Conference General Assembly,Tehran,Iran,April 201514th IANR Annual Conference,Xi'an,China,March 20231.With the rapid advancement of basic and clinical research in neurorestoration,Neurorestoratology has become a distinct medical discipline based on both the neurorestorative potential findings and neurorestorable theory of the central nervous system(CNS).Several relevant academic organizations,institutions,clinical centers and departments have been established worldwide,and many guidelines and expert consensus documents have been released for the purpose of promoting CNS restoration.The International Association of Neurorestoratology(IANR)is one of the most important academic platforms for this discipline.
文摘There was much progress in the field of Neurorestoratology in the year of 2022.It included highlighting advances in understanding the pathogenesis of neurological diseases,neurorestorative mechanisms,and clinical treatments as compiled in the 2022 yearbook of Neurorestoratology.There is still controversy about whether amyloid b-protein and tau protein deposition are the reasons for or the results of Alzheimer's disease(AD)pathology.The fabricated images in important key articles that speculated on the reasons for AD pathogenesis were found.Cholinergic deficiency and decrease or loss in strength of glutamatergic synapse,limited or failing bidirectional cholinergic upregulation in early cognitive impairment,or progressive posterior-to-anterior cortical cholinergic denervation could result in the appearance of AD.Exploration of neurorestorative mechanisms were found in more detail ways in neuromodulation,immunomodulation,neurogenesis,neural network or circuitry reconstruction,neuroprotection,nervous structural repair,and neuroplasticity.Several kinds of cell therapies for neurological diseases showed neurorestorative effects in open-label and/or non-randomized clinical studies or trials.However,mesenchymal stromal cells and mononuclear cells did not demonstrate neurorestorative effects or improve the quality of life for patients with neurodegenerative diseases or neurotrauma including stroke,spinal cord injury(SCI),and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled clinical trials(RDPCTs).Clinical treatments through neurostimulation/neuromodulation and the brainecomputer/machine interface yielded positive results in AD,Parkinson's disease,stroke,SCI,cerebral palsy,and other diseases in RDPCTs.Neurorestorative surgery,pharmaceutical neurorestorative therapy and other interventions have demonstrated neurorestorative effects for various considered incurable neurological diseases in RDPCTs.Thus,this year,additional guidelines,assessment scales,and standards were set up or revised.These included guidelines of clinical neurorestorative treatments for brain trauma(2022 China version),clinical cell therapy guidelines for neurorestoration(IANR/CANR 2022),SCI or dysfunction quality of life rating scale(SCIDQLRS)(IANR 2022 version).Neurorestorative effects of varying therapeutic strategies with higher standards of evidence-based medicine are now benefiting patients with currently incurable neurological diseases.Hopefully some of them may become routine therapeutic interventions for patients with these diseases in the near future.
文摘In 2016 we published the first Yearbook of Neurorestoratology,which summarized pathogenesis in nervous system disease and damage,as well as neurorestorative mechanisms and neurorestorative therapeutic results.Given the progress and achievements occurring in 2017,we have put together those major progresses as the“2017 Yearbook of Neurorestoratology”,which can help readers to easily follow the latest developments in Neurorestoratology.
基金funded by China Scholarship Council(CSC No.201506280109)Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81771349).
文摘Multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring(Muse)cells were discovered in 2010 as a subpopulation of mesenchymal stroma cells(MSCs).Muse cells can self-renew and tolerate severe culturing conditions.These cells can differentiate into three lineage cells spontaneously or in induced medium but do not form teratoma in vitro or in vivo.Central nervous system(CNS)diseases,such as intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH),cerebral infarction,and spinal cord injury are normally disastrous.Despite numerous therapy strategies,CNS diseases are difficult to recover.As a novel kind of pluripotent stem cells,Muse cells have shown great regeneration capacity in many animal models,including acute myocardial infarction,hepatectomy,and acute cerebral ischemia(ACI).After injection into injury sites,Muse cells survived,migrated,and differentiated into functional neurons with synaptic junctions to local neurons and contributed to recovery of function.Furthermore,Muse cell differentiation did not need to be induced pre-transplantation and no tumors were observed post-transplantation.The Muse cell population is promising and may lead to a revolution in regenerative medicine.This review focuses on recent advances regarding the Muse cells therapies in Neurorestoratology and discusses future perspectives in this field.
文摘The Neurorestoratology discipline is getting worldwide attention from the clinicians,basic scientists,students and policy makers alike.Accordingly,this year too,the discipline has made profound advances and great achievements for the benefit of the mankind.In this report,of the 2018 Neurorestoratology Yearbook,salient features of new developments are summarized.This Yearbook consists 3 key themes namely(i)the new findings on pathogenesis of neurological diseases or degeneration;(ii)the new mechanisms of neurorestorative aspects;and(iii)the achievements and progresses made in the clinical field of neurorestorative therapies.The new trend has emerged in clinical studies that are based on greater levels of evidence-based medical practices both in clinical therapies and clinical trials based on standard designs.
文摘Recent advances in upstream medical therapies for neuromuscular disorders suggest that the best outcomes result from their administration in the pre-symptomatic,and perhaps,neonatal period.Currently available therapies,and many other extremely expensive therapies in the pipeline soon to be considered by the Food and Drug Administration,and suggest the importance of avoiding potential life-threatening disease complications for patients to continue to benefit from these.There is evidence that this is almost always possible with the use of respiratory muscle aids to avoid pneumonias and respiratory failure,but these are currently little understood and rarely offered by the medical community.However,restoring neuromuscular function necessitates keeping the patient alive and well.
文摘The 10^(th) annual conference of the International Association of Neurorestoratology(IANR)was held on Sept.28‐30,2017.Here main promising topics were summarized,such as,memorial of Professor Geoffrey Raisman-Life Honorary President of IANR,highlights which include cell transplantation,new mechanism and new technology,problems and challenges in the field of Neurorestoratology.
文摘The 11th Annual Conference of the International Association of Neurorestoratology(IANR)was held from October 2nd to 4th at the University of Rutgers,New Jersey,USA,in which the most highlight was to report many frontier clinical trials.This summary report tries to display mainly presenting achievements in this conference.
文摘Dear Editor,We would like to express our sincere appreciation for your recent Editorial,titled"Two sides of one coin:Neurorestoratology and Neurorehabilitation".1 In this article,you have provided profound insights into the disciplines of neurorestoratology and neurorehabilitation,and have provided a clear explanation of these two easily confused emerging fields.A major highlight of this article is the emphasis of the Beijing Declaration of the International Association of Neurorestoratology(IANR),which asserts that neural function can be achievable after nerve injury or degenerative changes.2 This is also the common background for the development of both disciplines,understood as complementary and cooperative fields.
文摘In current medical systems,in addition to classical clinical medicine focusing on disease diagnosis and treatment,there are emerging fields of preventive medicine,rehabilitation medicine,and restorative medicine(medical restoratology).The combination of these fields constitutes an important platform in modern medicine.1 The current editorial focuses on the branches of restorative medicine and rehabilitation medicine,namely Neurorestoratology and Neurorehabilitation,as well as their characteristics and differences.
文摘Dear Editor,We very much appreciate the letter from Dr.Li et al.regarding“Two Sides of One Coin:Neurorestoratology and Neurorehabilitation”.We agree that“Both disciplines emphasize the recovery of function”.As stated in our article,1“combining therapies from Neurorestoratology and Neurorehabilitation(i.e.,restoring the impaired nervous system itself and targeted treatment to change the consequences of neurological impairments via neurorehabilitation are likely to enhance therapeutic outcomes”.
文摘1.Background In April of 2008,Huang HY&Chen L first proposed the concept of the discipline of“Neurorestoratology”.1 The first Annual Conference of the International Association of Neurorestoratology(IANR)was held in Beijing on the May 15e18,2008.During this conference,the first council board of the IANR proposed a definition of this discipline through the IANR declaration.Thirty-two top scientists and physicians involved in neurorestoration from 18 countries initially drafted the Beijing Declaration of IANR,which was revised and formally adopted at the 2nd IANR Annual Conference General Assembly.
