Huntington's disease(HD)is caused by the abnormal expansion of polyglutamine(poly Q)repeats encoded in exon 1 of the huntingtin(HTT)gene,with neurotoxicity typically emerging when the repeat length exceeds 36 glut...Huntington's disease(HD)is caused by the abnormal expansion of polyglutamine(poly Q)repeats encoded in exon 1 of the huntingtin(HTT)gene,with neurotoxicity typically emerging when the repeat length exceeds 36 glutamine residues.Increasing the poly Q length promotes hypercompact conformations;however,how such compact chains mechanically unfold under nanoconfinement remains insufficiently understood.In this study,all-atom molecular dynamics simulations were performed to investigate the nanopore transport and surface-induced unfolding of poly Q chains of different lengths(Q22,Q36,Q40,and Q46)through graphene nanopores under controlled pulling velocities.By quantitatively analyzing the transport dynamics,as characterized by the pulling force,radius of gyration,center-of-mass distance,interaction energies,number of transported residues,and pulling energy,we demonstrated that poly Q chains of all investigated lengths can successfully translocate through the nanopore and undergo progressive unfolding on the graphene surface over a wide range of pulling velocities.Longer poly Q chains exhibit a higher resistance to unfolding,characterized by enhanced force peaks and increased pulling energy,reflecting stronger intramolecular interactions.Moreover,slower pulling velocities reduce the force fluctuations and lower the overall pulling energy.These results provide molecular-level mechanistic insights into the length-dependent transport and surface-mediated unfolding of poly Q,offering a physical basis for understanding poly Q conformational regulation relevant to Huntington's disease.展开更多
The migration mechanisms of ore-forming fluids have long been a focus in the field of ore deposit studies.Calcite is ubiquitously present in various types of rocks in the lithosphere,and the underlying mechanisms of i...The migration mechanisms of ore-forming fluids have long been a focus in the field of ore deposit studies.Calcite is ubiquitously present in various types of rocks in the lithosphere,and the underlying mechanisms of its influence on fluid migration are of crucial importance.While previous studies have revealed that salinity changes can modulate fluid migration,the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.We employ molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate how salinity variations in ore-forming fluids modulate the adsorption onto calcite nanopore walls,thereby revealing the microscopic mechanisms governing ore fluid transport through calcite nano-fractures.The results show that the adsorption energy Eint of the solution on the calcite surface increased from -14,948.84±182.48 kcal/mol to -12,144.08±118.2 kcal/mol as salinity increased,which is conducive to the long-range transport of the fluid in the calcite nanopore.展开更多
Hard carbons are promising anode materials for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),but they face challenges in balancing rate capability,specific capacity,and initial Coulombic efficiency(ICE).Direct pyrolysis of the precursor...Hard carbons are promising anode materials for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),but they face challenges in balancing rate capability,specific capacity,and initial Coulombic efficiency(ICE).Direct pyrolysis of the precursor often fails to create a suitable structure for sodium-ion storage.Molecular-level control of graphitization with open channels for Na^(+)ions is crucial for high-performance hard carbon,whereas closed pores play a key role in improving the low-voltage(<0.1 V)plateau capacity of hard carbon anodes for SIBs.However,creation of these closed pores presents significant challenges.This work proposes a zinc gluconate-assisted catalytic carbonization strategy to regulate graphitization and create numerous nanopores simultaneously.As the temperature increases,trace amounts of zinc remain as single atoms in the hard carbon,featuring a uniform coordination structure.This mitigates the risk of electrochemically irreversible sites and enhances sodium-ion transport rates.The resulting hard carbon shows an excellent reversible capacity of 348.5 mAh g^(-1) at 30 mA g^(-1) and a high ICE of 92.84%.Furthermore,a sodium storage mechanism involving“adsorption-intercalation-pore filling”is elucidated,providing insights into the pore structure and dynamic pore-filling process.展开更多
In shale reservoirs,fluids are often confined within nanopores,leading to apparent effects on the properties and phase behavior of the fluid.However,previous studies have primarily focused on the effect of capillary p...In shale reservoirs,fluids are often confined within nanopores,leading to apparent effects on the properties and phase behavior of the fluid.However,previous studies have primarily focused on the effect of capillary pressure or adsorption on well performance,and only a very limited number of studies have researched the complex and coupled impact of confinement on capillarity,adsorption,and interactions between fluid molecules and pore walls.Therefore,in this study,an effective method is developed for evaluating the coupled effects of nanopore confinement on CO_(2) injection performance.First,a comprehensive thermodynamic model that incorporates adsorption,capillary pressure,and molecule-wall interaction in nanopores by modifying the Peng-Robinson equation of state(PR-EOS)is proposed.Subsequently,the calculated critical properties of different components are validated against experimental measured data,illustrating that the developed model can accurately predict the properties of the components of CO_(2)-hydrocarbon systems.Numerical simulations of field-scale case studies were then performed and calibrated using a modified phase equilibrium model.Typical fluid properties were inputted to investigate the effect of nanopore confinement on the CO_(2) injection performance.The results of this study show that the ultimate recovery factor increases by approximately 4.61%at a pore size of 10 nm,indicating that nanopore confinement is advantageous to well performance.Light hydrocarbons undergo more intense mass transfer than heavy hydrocarbons.Furthermore,as the pore radius decreased from 100 nm to 10 nm,the CO_(2) storage coefficient increased by 2.8%.The findings of this study deepen the collective understanding of the effect of nanopore confinement on CO_(2) displacement and storage,which has significant field-scale applications.展开更多
Silver paste is widely used in power electronics as a die-attach material owing to its low-temperature sinterability,high melting point,and excellent electrical and thermal conductivities in sintered joints.However,ow...Silver paste is widely used in power electronics as a die-attach material owing to its low-temperature sinterability,high melting point,and excellent electrical and thermal conductivities in sintered joints.However,owing to the mismatch in the coefficient of thermal expansion(CTE)between the joints and chip,the high Young's modulus of sintered silver hinders the mitigation of the high thermal stress generated during the operation of power modules,which increases the susceptibility of sintered joints to cracking,thereby leading to potential failure.This study developed a facile approach to synthesizing bayberry-like Ag microparticles(AgMPs)through the in situ assembly of silver nanorods,resulting in a uniform distribution of nanoscale structures and mesopores on the particle surface.These particles exhibited a high specific surface area of 2.5389 m^(2)·g^(-1),which enhanced theirsintering activity,enabling sintering to occur at 149.7℃.Furthermore,the porous structure of the AgMPs effectively reduced the density of joints formed by sintering AgMP paste,thereby lowering the Young's modulus of the joints.The small grain size and intricate internal substructure of the joints yielded high shear strength,which reached112.50 MPa at 250℃.The Young's modulus could be adjusted,and the pores provided by the AgMPs maintained the Young's modulus within a low range(15.11-29.61GPa),effectively mitigating thermal stress.These new bayberry-like porous AgMPs offer a promising option for die-attach materials in electronic packaging.展开更多
The wide band gap characteristics of gallium oxide make it very suitable for the preparation of solar-blind ultra-violet photodetectors.The responsivity of ultraviolet photodetectors based on thin films is often low.H...The wide band gap characteristics of gallium oxide make it very suitable for the preparation of solar-blind ultra-violet photodetectors.The responsivity of ultraviolet photodetectors based on thin films is often low.However,nanomaterials have excellent photoelectric properties in device applications due to the high stability brought by high specific surface area and high crystal quality.Here,we successfully depositedβ-Ga_(2)O_(3) nanopores on the double-pass ordered porous AAO tem-plate by PLD.The porous AAO template is used as the growth space of nanomaterials,and the gallium oxide material is filled into the pores of the template to form a nanotube structure.By optimizing the preparation process,the relationship be-tween the performance of gallium oxide nanopores and the growth time was studied in depth.With the increase of growth time,the responsivity of the detector was improved.The rise timeτr=0.7 s,the decay timeτ_(d)=1.3 s,and the responsivity reached 4.63 mA·W^(-1),which was higher than 2.24 mA·W^(-1)of the responsivity of silicon-based gallium oxide nanorods.展开更多
AIM:To estimate if nanopore targeted sequencing(NTS)could identify pathogens causing postoperative endophthalmitis and further determine the feasibility of clinical application of NTS.METHODS:A total of 55 patients(55...AIM:To estimate if nanopore targeted sequencing(NTS)could identify pathogens causing postoperative endophthalmitis and further determine the feasibility of clinical application of NTS.METHODS:A total of 55 patients(55 eyes)with postoperative endophthalmitis were retrospectively included in this study with their medical records.Intraocular fluid samples were examined by NTS and microbial culture.All included patients had undergone examinations including measurement of best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and intraocular pressure(IOP),slit-lamp biomicroscopy,and indirect ophthalmoscopy;additionally,they underwent B-ultrasound,anterior segment photography,and fundus photography if necessary.RESULTS:Among 55 patients with postoperative endophthalmitis,the age was 65.25±15.04y and there were 30 female(54.54%)patients.Forty-one(74.54%)vitreous humor samples and fourteen(25.45%)aqueous humor samples were sent for both NTS and microbial culture.NTS had a notable higher detection rate than microbial culture in detecting pathogens(90.91%vs 38.18%,χ^(2)=33.409,P<0.001).NTS exhibited high sensitivity of pathogen detection in both microbial culture positive and negative samples(100%and 85.29%,respectively).In 16 of 21(76.19%)patients who showed culture-positivity,their results corresponded with those of NTS.Moreover,in two patients(9.52%),NTS showed a better species resolution than microbial culture;in three patients(14.28%),NTS identified additional pathogens.As for fungus,the positive detection rate of NTS was significantly higher than that of microbial culture(20%vs 3.64%,χ^(2)=7.066,P=0.008).Also,NTS could detect multi-infection by bacteria and fungi than microbial culture(32.73%vs 0,χ^(2)=21.522,P<0.001).NTS could detect bacteria as well as fungi simultaneously within 48h in all patients.Meanwhile,NTS had a shorter detection time than microbial culture(1.13±0.34 vs 2.67±0.55d,Z=-9.218,P<0.001).After the NTS results were obtained,15 patients received additional intravitreal/intracameral anti-infection treatment.At follow-up,there was a statistically significant improvement in the visual acuity relative to the baseline(Z=−5.222,P<0.001).CONCLUSION:NTS can provide rapid identification and highly sensitive detection of pathogens among patients with postoperative endophthalmitis,which can guide anti-infection treatment and improve visual prognosis.展开更多
Biomimetic nanozymes opens up new opportunities for sensitive,rapid and field detection of organophosphorus pesticides(OPs).However,it still remains challenges in how to improve the sensitivity and stability of biomim...Biomimetic nanozymes opens up new opportunities for sensitive,rapid and field detection of organophosphorus pesticides(OPs).However,it still remains challenges in how to improve the sensitivity and stability of biomimetic nanozymes under harsh conditions.Herein,we synthesized a novel biomimetic nanozyme composed of hemin and bovine serum albumin(BSA)in the nanopores of poly-l-lysine methacryloyl(PLMA)inverse opal hydrogel(PLMA-Hemin-BSA).PLMA-Hemin-BSA achieves superior peroxidase-like activity and shows high stability due to the confinement effect.A multi-enzyme cascade reaction was constructed for the colorimetric detection of five widely used OPs by integrating PLMAHemin-BSA with natural choline oxidase and acetylcholinesterase.The detection limits for dichlorvos,chlorpyrifos,paraoxon,methamidophos,and parathion were as low as 0.024,0.073,0.12,0.56,and 1.4 ng/mL,respectively.More importantly,the average recovery rates and the relative standard deviations(RSD)of chlorpyrifos in paddy water,soil and wheat samples were 86.62%-100.13%and 2.08%-8.65%,which meet the standard of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry(IUPAC,recoveries of 70%-120%with RSD<20%).This study represented advanced methods toward enhancing the activity and stability of biomimetic nanozymes via spatial nanopores-assisted strategy.展开更多
Shale gas reservoirs typically contain numerous nanoscale pores,with pore size playing a significant role in influencing the gas behavior.To better understand the related mechanisms,this study employs the Gauge-GEMC m...Shale gas reservoirs typically contain numerous nanoscale pores,with pore size playing a significant role in influencing the gas behavior.To better understand the related mechanisms,this study employs the Gauge-GEMC molecular simulation method to systematically analyze the effects of various pore sizes(5,10,20,and 40 nm)on the phase behavior and dew point pressure of the shale gas reservoir components.The simulation results reveal that when pore sizes are smaller than 40 nm,the dew point pressure increases significantly as the pore size decreases.For instance,the dew point pressure in 5 nmpores is 20.3%higher than undermacroscopic conditions.Additionally,larger hydrocarbon molecules exhibit a tendency to aggregate in smaller pores,particularly in the 5–10 nm range,where the relative concentration of heavy hydrocarbons(C_(4+))increases markedly.Moreover,as the pore size becomes larger,the component distribution gradually aligns with experimental results observed under macroscopic conditions.This study demonstrates that pore effects are more pronounced for smaller sizes,directly influencing the aggregation of heavy hydrocarbons and the rise in dew point pressure.These phenomena could significantly impact the diffusivity of shale gas reservoirs and the recovery of condensate gas.The findings provide new theoretical insights into phase behavior changes in nanopores,offering valuable guidance for optimizing shale gas reservoir extraction strategies.展开更多
Considering the interactions between fluid molecules and pore walls,variations in critical properties,capillary forces,and the influence of the adsorbed phase,this study investigates the phase behavior of the CO_(2)-s...Considering the interactions between fluid molecules and pore walls,variations in critical properties,capillary forces,and the influence of the adsorbed phase,this study investigates the phase behavior of the CO_(2)-shale oil within nanopores by utilizing a modified Peng-Robinson(PR)equation of state alongside a three-phase(gas-liquid-adsorbed)equilibrium calculation method.The results reveal that nano-confinement effects of the pores lead to a decrease in both critical temperature and critical pressure of fluids as pore size diminishes.Specifically,CO_(2) acts to inhibit the reduction of the critical temperature of the system while promoting the decrease in critical pressure.Furthermore,an increase in the mole fraction of CO_(2) causes the critical point of the system to shift leftward and reduces the area of the phase envelope.In the shale reservoirs of Block A in Gulong of the Daqing Oilfield,China,pronounced confinement effects are observed.At a pore diameter of 10 nm,reservoir fluids progressively exhibit characteristics typical of condensate gas reservoirs.Notably,the CO_(2) content in liquid in 10 nm pores increases by 20.0%compared to that in 100 nm pores,while the CO_(2) content in gas decreases by 10.8%.These findings indicate that confinement effects enhance CO_(2) mass transfer within nanopores,thereby facilitating CO_(2) sequestration and improving microscopic oil recovery.展开更多
Understanding the phase behavior of hydrocarbons and their mixtures,especially under confinement,is crucial for the extraction of shale oil and gas.In this study,we employed molecular dynamics simulations to investiga...Understanding the phase behavior of hydrocarbons and their mixtures,especially under confinement,is crucial for the extraction of shale oil and gas.In this study,we employed molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the phase behaviors of three typical hydrocarbons(methane,pentane,and octane)in the bulk phase and in nanopores.We find that the confinement effect can alter the phase behavior of a single-component hydrocarbon.For the mixture of methane and octane in nanopores,a rather high proportion of methane could inhibit the capillary condensation of octane.We also studied the influence of phase behavior on the recovery dynamics of hydrocarbon mixtures from blind nanopores of different sizes at different gas-oil ratios.The capillary condensation of the heavy hydrocarbon components in the nanopore throat could hinder the transport of light.These findings increase the understanding of the occurrence states of shale oil and gas and their migration through nanopore throats,providing practical guidance for shale oil and gas development.展开更多
Excessive Fe^(3+) ion concentrations in wastewater pose a long-standing threat to human health.Achieving low-cost,high-efficiency quantification of Fe^(3+) ion concentration in unknown solutions can guide environmenta...Excessive Fe^(3+) ion concentrations in wastewater pose a long-standing threat to human health.Achieving low-cost,high-efficiency quantification of Fe^(3+) ion concentration in unknown solutions can guide environmental management decisions and optimize water treatment processes.In this study,by leveraging the rapid,real-time detection capabilities of nanopores and the specific chemical binding affinity of tannic acid to Fe^(3+),a linear relationship between the ion current and Fe^(3+) ion concentration was established.Utilizing this linear relationship,quantification of Fe^(3+) ion concentration in unknown solutions was achieved.Furthermore,ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt was employed to displace Fe^(3+) from the nanopores,allowing them to be restored to their initial conditions and reused for Fe^(3+) ion quantification.The reusable bioinspired nanopores remain functional over 330 days of storage.This recycling capability and the long-term stability of the nanopores contribute to a significant reduction in costs.This study provides a strategy for the quantification of unknown Fe^(3+) concentration using nanopores,with potential applications in environmental assessment,health monitoring,and so forth.展开更多
Infectious diseases are an enormous public health burden and a growing threat to human health worldwide.Emerging or classic recurrent pathogens,or pathogens with resistant traits,challenge our ability to diagnose and ...Infectious diseases are an enormous public health burden and a growing threat to human health worldwide.Emerging or classic recurrent pathogens,or pathogens with resistant traits,challenge our ability to diagnose and control infectious diseases.Nanopore sequencing technology has the potential to enhance our ability to diagnose,interrogate,and track infectious diseases due to the unrestricted read length and system portability.This review focuses on the application of nanopore sequencing technology in the clinical diagnosis of infectious diseases and includes the following:(i)a brief introduction to nanopore sequencing technology and Oxford Nanopore Technologies(ONT)sequencing platforms;(ii)strategies for nanopore-based sequencing technologies;and(iii)applications of nanopore sequencing technology in monitoring emerging pathogenic microorganisms,molecular detection of clinically relevant drug-resistance genes,and characterization of disease-related microbial communities.Finally,we discuss the current challenges,potential opportunities,and future outlook for applying nanopore sequencing technology in the diagnosis of infectious diseases.展开更多
Experiments of poly（dT）20 electrophoresis throughα-hemolysin nanopores were performed to unveil the electrophoretic transport mechanism of DNA through nanopores in high concentration potassium chloride solution. It...Experiments of poly（dT）20 electrophoresis throughα-hemolysin nanopores were performed to unveil the electrophoretic transport mechanism of DNA through nanopores in high concentration potassium chloride solution. It is found that there are two obvious current blockades induced by poly（dT）20 translocation and collision events. Both blockade currents increase linearly with the applied bias voltage. However, the normalized blockade currents are almost kept the same although variable bias voltages are applied. The collision time of poly（dT）20 in the luminal site of the pore remains constant for different voltages. The translocation speed of poly（dT）20through the nanopore decreases with the increase of bias voltage. It is because as the potential increases, the drag force on the homopolymer helps it to crumple into a cluster much easier due to the poor stacking of thymine residues compared with homopolymers consisting of other nucleotides. Molecular dynamics simulations further confirm the experimental results. Increasing the applied bias voltage can slowdown the translocation velocity of the flexible poly（dT）20, which favors increasing the precision of single molecule detection by using nanopores.展开更多
Solid-state nanopore in analytical chemistry has developed rapidly in the 1990s and it is proved to be a versatile new tool for bioanalytical chemistry. The research field of solid-state nanopore starts from mimicking...Solid-state nanopore in analytical chemistry has developed rapidly in the 1990s and it is proved to be a versatile new tool for bioanalytical chemistry. The research field of solid-state nanopore starts from mimicking the biological nanopore in living cells. Understanding the transport mechanism of biological nanopore in vivo is a big challenge because of the experimental difficulty, so it is essential to establish the basic research of artificial nanopores in vitro especially for the analysis of ions and small molecules. The performance of solid-state nanopores could be evaluated by monitoring currents when ions and molecules passed through. The comparison of the two types of nanopores based on current-derived information can reveal the principle of biological nanopores, while the solid-state nanopores are applied into practical bioanalysis. In this review, we focus on the researches of the solid-state nanopores in the fabrication process and in the analysis of ions and small molecules. Fabrication methods of nanopores,ion transport mechanism, small molecule analysis and theoretical studies are discussed in detail.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12302408,20904047 and62375245)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Nos.LY17A040001 and LY19F03004)+1 种基金the ZUST Postgraduate Course Development Fund(No.2025yjskj05)the ZUST Postgraduate Research and Innovation Fund(No.2025yjskc20)。
文摘Huntington's disease(HD)is caused by the abnormal expansion of polyglutamine(poly Q)repeats encoded in exon 1 of the huntingtin(HTT)gene,with neurotoxicity typically emerging when the repeat length exceeds 36 glutamine residues.Increasing the poly Q length promotes hypercompact conformations;however,how such compact chains mechanically unfold under nanoconfinement remains insufficiently understood.In this study,all-atom molecular dynamics simulations were performed to investigate the nanopore transport and surface-induced unfolding of poly Q chains of different lengths(Q22,Q36,Q40,and Q46)through graphene nanopores under controlled pulling velocities.By quantitatively analyzing the transport dynamics,as characterized by the pulling force,radius of gyration,center-of-mass distance,interaction energies,number of transported residues,and pulling energy,we demonstrated that poly Q chains of all investigated lengths can successfully translocate through the nanopore and undergo progressive unfolding on the graphene surface over a wide range of pulling velocities.Longer poly Q chains exhibit a higher resistance to unfolding,characterized by enhanced force peaks and increased pulling energy,reflecting stronger intramolecular interactions.Moreover,slower pulling velocities reduce the force fluctuations and lower the overall pulling energy.These results provide molecular-level mechanistic insights into the length-dependent transport and surface-mediated unfolding of poly Q,offering a physical basis for understanding poly Q conformational regulation relevant to Huntington's disease.
基金financed jointly by the National Major Science and Technology Special Project on Deep Earth Exploration(2024ZD1001701-5)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42472127,42172086)+2 种基金the Yunnan Major Project of Basic Research(202401BN070001-002)Yunnan Mineral Resources Prediction and Evaluation Engineering Research Center(2011)Innovation Team Program of Kunming University of Science and Technology,Yunnan Province。
文摘The migration mechanisms of ore-forming fluids have long been a focus in the field of ore deposit studies.Calcite is ubiquitously present in various types of rocks in the lithosphere,and the underlying mechanisms of its influence on fluid migration are of crucial importance.While previous studies have revealed that salinity changes can modulate fluid migration,the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.We employ molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate how salinity variations in ore-forming fluids modulate the adsorption onto calcite nanopore walls,thereby revealing the microscopic mechanisms governing ore fluid transport through calcite nano-fractures.The results show that the adsorption energy Eint of the solution on the calcite surface increased from -14,948.84±182.48 kcal/mol to -12,144.08±118.2 kcal/mol as salinity increased,which is conducive to the long-range transport of the fluid in the calcite nanopore.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22209103)Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(22010500400)Australian Research Council(FT180100705)。
文摘Hard carbons are promising anode materials for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),but they face challenges in balancing rate capability,specific capacity,and initial Coulombic efficiency(ICE).Direct pyrolysis of the precursor often fails to create a suitable structure for sodium-ion storage.Molecular-level control of graphitization with open channels for Na^(+)ions is crucial for high-performance hard carbon,whereas closed pores play a key role in improving the low-voltage(<0.1 V)plateau capacity of hard carbon anodes for SIBs.However,creation of these closed pores presents significant challenges.This work proposes a zinc gluconate-assisted catalytic carbonization strategy to regulate graphitization and create numerous nanopores simultaneously.As the temperature increases,trace amounts of zinc remain as single atoms in the hard carbon,featuring a uniform coordination structure.This mitigates the risk of electrochemically irreversible sites and enhances sodium-ion transport rates.The resulting hard carbon shows an excellent reversible capacity of 348.5 mAh g^(-1) at 30 mA g^(-1) and a high ICE of 92.84%.Furthermore,a sodium storage mechanism involving“adsorption-intercalation-pore filling”is elucidated,providing insights into the pore structure and dynamic pore-filling process.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52474052 and 52074248)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by Beijing Association for Science and Technology,China(No.BYESS2023414)Scientific Research Innovation Capability Support Project for Young Faculty,China(No.ZYGXQNJSKYCXNLZCXM-E14).
文摘In shale reservoirs,fluids are often confined within nanopores,leading to apparent effects on the properties and phase behavior of the fluid.However,previous studies have primarily focused on the effect of capillary pressure or adsorption on well performance,and only a very limited number of studies have researched the complex and coupled impact of confinement on capillarity,adsorption,and interactions between fluid molecules and pore walls.Therefore,in this study,an effective method is developed for evaluating the coupled effects of nanopore confinement on CO_(2) injection performance.First,a comprehensive thermodynamic model that incorporates adsorption,capillary pressure,and molecule-wall interaction in nanopores by modifying the Peng-Robinson equation of state(PR-EOS)is proposed.Subsequently,the calculated critical properties of different components are validated against experimental measured data,illustrating that the developed model can accurately predict the properties of the components of CO_(2)-hydrocarbon systems.Numerical simulations of field-scale case studies were then performed and calibrated using a modified phase equilibrium model.Typical fluid properties were inputted to investigate the effect of nanopore confinement on the CO_(2) injection performance.The results of this study show that the ultimate recovery factor increases by approximately 4.61%at a pore size of 10 nm,indicating that nanopore confinement is advantageous to well performance.Light hydrocarbons undergo more intense mass transfer than heavy hydrocarbons.Furthermore,as the pore radius decreased from 100 nm to 10 nm,the CO_(2) storage coefficient increased by 2.8%.The findings of this study deepen the collective understanding of the effect of nanopore confinement on CO_(2) displacement and storage,which has significant field-scale applications.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52075125 and 52105331)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2023A1515010591)Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee(Nos.JCYJ20210324124203009,JSGG20201102154600003,GXWD20231130103814001,GXWD20220721182229001)
文摘Silver paste is widely used in power electronics as a die-attach material owing to its low-temperature sinterability,high melting point,and excellent electrical and thermal conductivities in sintered joints.However,owing to the mismatch in the coefficient of thermal expansion(CTE)between the joints and chip,the high Young's modulus of sintered silver hinders the mitigation of the high thermal stress generated during the operation of power modules,which increases the susceptibility of sintered joints to cracking,thereby leading to potential failure.This study developed a facile approach to synthesizing bayberry-like Ag microparticles(AgMPs)through the in situ assembly of silver nanorods,resulting in a uniform distribution of nanoscale structures and mesopores on the particle surface.These particles exhibited a high specific surface area of 2.5389 m^(2)·g^(-1),which enhanced theirsintering activity,enabling sintering to occur at 149.7℃.Furthermore,the porous structure of the AgMPs effectively reduced the density of joints formed by sintering AgMP paste,thereby lowering the Young's modulus of the joints.The small grain size and intricate internal substructure of the joints yielded high shear strength,which reached112.50 MPa at 250℃.The Young's modulus could be adjusted,and the pores provided by the AgMPs maintained the Young's modulus within a low range(15.11-29.61GPa),effectively mitigating thermal stress.These new bayberry-like porous AgMPs offer a promising option for die-attach materials in electronic packaging.
文摘The wide band gap characteristics of gallium oxide make it very suitable for the preparation of solar-blind ultra-violet photodetectors.The responsivity of ultraviolet photodetectors based on thin films is often low.However,nanomaterials have excellent photoelectric properties in device applications due to the high stability brought by high specific surface area and high crystal quality.Here,we successfully depositedβ-Ga_(2)O_(3) nanopores on the double-pass ordered porous AAO tem-plate by PLD.The porous AAO template is used as the growth space of nanomaterials,and the gallium oxide material is filled into the pores of the template to form a nanotube structure.By optimizing the preparation process,the relationship be-tween the performance of gallium oxide nanopores and the growth time was studied in depth.With the increase of growth time,the responsivity of the detector was improved.The rise timeτr=0.7 s,the decay timeτ_(d)=1.3 s,and the responsivity reached 4.63 mA·W^(-1),which was higher than 2.24 mA·W^(-1)of the responsivity of silicon-based gallium oxide nanorods.
基金Supported by Open Project of Key Laboratory of Hubei Province(No.2023KFZZ026).
文摘AIM:To estimate if nanopore targeted sequencing(NTS)could identify pathogens causing postoperative endophthalmitis and further determine the feasibility of clinical application of NTS.METHODS:A total of 55 patients(55 eyes)with postoperative endophthalmitis were retrospectively included in this study with their medical records.Intraocular fluid samples were examined by NTS and microbial culture.All included patients had undergone examinations including measurement of best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and intraocular pressure(IOP),slit-lamp biomicroscopy,and indirect ophthalmoscopy;additionally,they underwent B-ultrasound,anterior segment photography,and fundus photography if necessary.RESULTS:Among 55 patients with postoperative endophthalmitis,the age was 65.25±15.04y and there were 30 female(54.54%)patients.Forty-one(74.54%)vitreous humor samples and fourteen(25.45%)aqueous humor samples were sent for both NTS and microbial culture.NTS had a notable higher detection rate than microbial culture in detecting pathogens(90.91%vs 38.18%,χ^(2)=33.409,P<0.001).NTS exhibited high sensitivity of pathogen detection in both microbial culture positive and negative samples(100%and 85.29%,respectively).In 16 of 21(76.19%)patients who showed culture-positivity,their results corresponded with those of NTS.Moreover,in two patients(9.52%),NTS showed a better species resolution than microbial culture;in three patients(14.28%),NTS identified additional pathogens.As for fungus,the positive detection rate of NTS was significantly higher than that of microbial culture(20%vs 3.64%,χ^(2)=7.066,P=0.008).Also,NTS could detect multi-infection by bacteria and fungi than microbial culture(32.73%vs 0,χ^(2)=21.522,P<0.001).NTS could detect bacteria as well as fungi simultaneously within 48h in all patients.Meanwhile,NTS had a shorter detection time than microbial culture(1.13±0.34 vs 2.67±0.55d,Z=-9.218,P<0.001).After the NTS results were obtained,15 patients received additional intravitreal/intracameral anti-infection treatment.At follow-up,there was a statistically significant improvement in the visual acuity relative to the baseline(Z=−5.222,P<0.001).CONCLUSION:NTS can provide rapid identification and highly sensitive detection of pathogens among patients with postoperative endophthalmitis,which can guide anti-infection treatment and improve visual prognosis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22125606 and 22241604)Chinese Academy of Sciences Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(No.YSBR-086)+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XBD0750000)the Research Start-up Funding Project of Kashi University(No.GCC2024ZK-014)。
文摘Biomimetic nanozymes opens up new opportunities for sensitive,rapid and field detection of organophosphorus pesticides(OPs).However,it still remains challenges in how to improve the sensitivity and stability of biomimetic nanozymes under harsh conditions.Herein,we synthesized a novel biomimetic nanozyme composed of hemin and bovine serum albumin(BSA)in the nanopores of poly-l-lysine methacryloyl(PLMA)inverse opal hydrogel(PLMA-Hemin-BSA).PLMA-Hemin-BSA achieves superior peroxidase-like activity and shows high stability due to the confinement effect.A multi-enzyme cascade reaction was constructed for the colorimetric detection of five widely used OPs by integrating PLMAHemin-BSA with natural choline oxidase and acetylcholinesterase.The detection limits for dichlorvos,chlorpyrifos,paraoxon,methamidophos,and parathion were as low as 0.024,0.073,0.12,0.56,and 1.4 ng/mL,respectively.More importantly,the average recovery rates and the relative standard deviations(RSD)of chlorpyrifos in paddy water,soil and wheat samples were 86.62%-100.13%and 2.08%-8.65%,which meet the standard of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry(IUPAC,recoveries of 70%-120%with RSD<20%).This study represented advanced methods toward enhancing the activity and stability of biomimetic nanozymes via spatial nanopores-assisted strategy.
基金financially supported by the Hubei Province Education Department of China(Project Name:Research on the Formation Mechanism and Microscopic Characteristics of Tight Dolomite Reservoirs in Salt Lake Basins:A Case Study of the Xingouzui Formation in the Jianghan Basin,Grant No.B2020032).
文摘Shale gas reservoirs typically contain numerous nanoscale pores,with pore size playing a significant role in influencing the gas behavior.To better understand the related mechanisms,this study employs the Gauge-GEMC molecular simulation method to systematically analyze the effects of various pore sizes(5,10,20,and 40 nm)on the phase behavior and dew point pressure of the shale gas reservoir components.The simulation results reveal that when pore sizes are smaller than 40 nm,the dew point pressure increases significantly as the pore size decreases.For instance,the dew point pressure in 5 nmpores is 20.3%higher than undermacroscopic conditions.Additionally,larger hydrocarbon molecules exhibit a tendency to aggregate in smaller pores,particularly in the 5–10 nm range,where the relative concentration of heavy hydrocarbons(C_(4+))increases markedly.Moreover,as the pore size becomes larger,the component distribution gradually aligns with experimental results observed under macroscopic conditions.This study demonstrates that pore effects are more pronounced for smaller sizes,directly influencing the aggregation of heavy hydrocarbons and the rise in dew point pressure.These phenomena could significantly impact the diffusivity of shale gas reservoirs and the recovery of condensate gas.The findings provide new theoretical insights into phase behavior changes in nanopores,offering valuable guidance for optimizing shale gas reservoir extraction strategies.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Joint Fund(U22B2075).
文摘Considering the interactions between fluid molecules and pore walls,variations in critical properties,capillary forces,and the influence of the adsorbed phase,this study investigates the phase behavior of the CO_(2)-shale oil within nanopores by utilizing a modified Peng-Robinson(PR)equation of state alongside a three-phase(gas-liquid-adsorbed)equilibrium calculation method.The results reveal that nano-confinement effects of the pores lead to a decrease in both critical temperature and critical pressure of fluids as pore size diminishes.Specifically,CO_(2) acts to inhibit the reduction of the critical temperature of the system while promoting the decrease in critical pressure.Furthermore,an increase in the mole fraction of CO_(2) causes the critical point of the system to shift leftward and reduces the area of the phase envelope.In the shale reservoirs of Block A in Gulong of the Daqing Oilfield,China,pronounced confinement effects are observed.At a pore diameter of 10 nm,reservoir fluids progressively exhibit characteristics typical of condensate gas reservoirs.Notably,the CO_(2) content in liquid in 10 nm pores increases by 20.0%compared to that in 100 nm pores,while the CO_(2) content in gas decreases by 10.8%.These findings indicate that confinement effects enhance CO_(2) mass transfer within nanopores,thereby facilitating CO_(2) sequestration and improving microscopic oil recovery.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U22B2075 and 12241203)。
文摘Understanding the phase behavior of hydrocarbons and their mixtures,especially under confinement,is crucial for the extraction of shale oil and gas.In this study,we employed molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the phase behaviors of three typical hydrocarbons(methane,pentane,and octane)in the bulk phase and in nanopores.We find that the confinement effect can alter the phase behavior of a single-component hydrocarbon.For the mixture of methane and octane in nanopores,a rather high proportion of methane could inhibit the capillary condensation of octane.We also studied the influence of phase behavior on the recovery dynamics of hydrocarbon mixtures from blind nanopores of different sizes at different gas-oil ratios.The capillary condensation of the heavy hydrocarbon components in the nanopore throat could hinder the transport of light.These findings increase the understanding of the occurrence states of shale oil and gas and their migration through nanopore throats,providing practical guidance for shale oil and gas development.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52303380,52025132,52273305,22205185,21621091,22021001,and 22121001)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.20720240041)+3 种基金the 111 Project(Nos.B17027 and B16029)the National Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China(No.2022J02059)the Science and Technology Projects of Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province(No.RD2022070601)the New Cornerstone Science Foundation through the XPLORER PRIZE。
文摘Excessive Fe^(3+) ion concentrations in wastewater pose a long-standing threat to human health.Achieving low-cost,high-efficiency quantification of Fe^(3+) ion concentration in unknown solutions can guide environmental management decisions and optimize water treatment processes.In this study,by leveraging the rapid,real-time detection capabilities of nanopores and the specific chemical binding affinity of tannic acid to Fe^(3+),a linear relationship between the ion current and Fe^(3+) ion concentration was established.Utilizing this linear relationship,quantification of Fe^(3+) ion concentration in unknown solutions was achieved.Furthermore,ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt was employed to displace Fe^(3+) from the nanopores,allowing them to be restored to their initial conditions and reused for Fe^(3+) ion quantification.The reusable bioinspired nanopores remain functional over 330 days of storage.This recycling capability and the long-term stability of the nanopores contribute to a significant reduction in costs.This study provides a strategy for the quantification of unknown Fe^(3+) concentration using nanopores,with potential applications in environmental assessment,health monitoring,and so forth.
基金supported by CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS)[2021-I2M-1-038]
文摘Infectious diseases are an enormous public health burden and a growing threat to human health worldwide.Emerging or classic recurrent pathogens,or pathogens with resistant traits,challenge our ability to diagnose and control infectious diseases.Nanopore sequencing technology has the potential to enhance our ability to diagnose,interrogate,and track infectious diseases due to the unrestricted read length and system portability.This review focuses on the application of nanopore sequencing technology in the clinical diagnosis of infectious diseases and includes the following:(i)a brief introduction to nanopore sequencing technology and Oxford Nanopore Technologies(ONT)sequencing platforms;(ii)strategies for nanopore-based sequencing technologies;and(iii)applications of nanopore sequencing technology in monitoring emerging pathogenic microorganisms,molecular detection of clinically relevant drug-resistance genes,and characterization of disease-related microbial communities.Finally,we discuss the current challenges,potential opportunities,and future outlook for applying nanopore sequencing technology in the diagnosis of infectious diseases.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51435003,51375092)Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(No.KJ1401030)+1 种基金the Research & Innovation Program for Graduate Student in Universities of Jiangsu Province(No.KYLX_0100)the Scientific Research Foundation of Graduate School of Southeast University(No.YBJJ1540)
文摘Experiments of poly（dT）20 electrophoresis throughα-hemolysin nanopores were performed to unveil the electrophoretic transport mechanism of DNA through nanopores in high concentration potassium chloride solution. It is found that there are two obvious current blockades induced by poly（dT）20 translocation and collision events. Both blockade currents increase linearly with the applied bias voltage. However, the normalized blockade currents are almost kept the same although variable bias voltages are applied. The collision time of poly（dT）20 in the luminal site of the pore remains constant for different voltages. The translocation speed of poly（dT）20through the nanopore decreases with the increase of bias voltage. It is because as the potential increases, the drag force on the homopolymer helps it to crumple into a cluster much easier due to the poor stacking of thymine residues compared with homopolymers consisting of other nucleotides. Molecular dynamics simulations further confirm the experimental results. Increasing the applied bias voltage can slowdown the translocation velocity of the flexible poly（dT）20, which favors increasing the precision of single molecule detection by using nanopores.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21505076)the Young Elite Scholar Support (YESS) Program from China Association for Science and Technology (No. YESS20150009)+2 种基金the Program of Jiangsu Specially-Appointed Professor, the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China (No. BK20150967)the Innovation Team Program of Jiangsu Province of Chinathe Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
文摘Solid-state nanopore in analytical chemistry has developed rapidly in the 1990s and it is proved to be a versatile new tool for bioanalytical chemistry. The research field of solid-state nanopore starts from mimicking the biological nanopore in living cells. Understanding the transport mechanism of biological nanopore in vivo is a big challenge because of the experimental difficulty, so it is essential to establish the basic research of artificial nanopores in vitro especially for the analysis of ions and small molecules. The performance of solid-state nanopores could be evaluated by monitoring currents when ions and molecules passed through. The comparison of the two types of nanopores based on current-derived information can reveal the principle of biological nanopores, while the solid-state nanopores are applied into practical bioanalysis. In this review, we focus on the researches of the solid-state nanopores in the fabrication process and in the analysis of ions and small molecules. Fabrication methods of nanopores,ion transport mechanism, small molecule analysis and theoretical studies are discussed in detail.
