Oil and gas will remain the dominant components of global primary energy consumption during the energy transition period.Innovations in petroleum geology and exploration and development technologies are critical for a...Oil and gas will remain the dominant components of global primary energy consumption during the energy transition period.Innovations in petroleum geology and exploration and development technologies are critical for advancing the energy revolution.Building on a systematic review of the formation and evolution of classical petroleum geology,this paper proposes a new theoretical content and research framework of multi-spheric interaction-driven hydrocarbon formation and enrichment through in-depth analyses of the Earth's multi-spheric coupling mechanisms and cross-spheric cycling processes of volatiles.The core concept of this new theory lies in the principles of Earth system science and multi-spheric interactions,and the aim is to unravel the interplay between Earth system materials and energy cycles and dynamic processes in controlling hydrocarbon formation and enrichment.We reassess the global oil and gas resource potential and identify future exploration priorities and frontier domains for petroleum geology.By focusing on volatile-mediated multi-spheric exchange processes and setting them as a breakthrough,this framework aims to examine the genetic linkages among deep Earth processes,climatic environments,basin evolution,biological activities,and petroleum systems.The additional goals of this research are to decode the spatiotemporal distribution of hydrocarbon resources across diverse scales and types and to establish a novel theoretical paradigm for optimizing target prioritization of both mature field revitalization and frontier play assessment.By integrating the theory of multi-spheric interaction-driven hydrocarbon formation and enrichment with the artificial intelligence powered large-scale model tailored to the petroleum exploration and production industry,this initiative provides transformative scientific and technological underpinning for advancing the ongoing global energy revolution.展开更多
The North Sea Basin is the most important oil and gas producing area in Europe and the birthplace of many classic petroleum geological theories. From the perspective of multi-spheric interactions in the Earth, this st...The North Sea Basin is the most important oil and gas producing area in Europe and the birthplace of many classic petroleum geological theories. From the perspective of multi-spheric interactions in the Earth, this study investigated the riftforeland-rift evolution process of the North Sea Basin, which was controlled by the deep dynamic driving forces of the continental collision orogeny, mantle plume uplift, and intraplate deformation. The North Sea Basin was found to have drifted northward since the Carboniferous and passed through the low-latitude Hadley and the mid-latitude Ferrel cells. Two sets of main hydrocarbon source rocks have formed, the coals and coal measures of the Upper Carboniferous Westphalian and the marine shale of the Upper Jurassic Kimmeridge Clay Formation. We propose that the deep processes, tectonic activity, and transgression-climate evolution jointly controlled the types and horizons of the source rocks, reservoirs, and seals in different regions of the North Sea Basin. In the southern North Sea Basin, a Carboniferous-Lower Triassic gas-rich petroleum system was formed,which is characterized by transitional coal measure source rocks, desert aeolian sandstone reservoirs, and evaporite cap rocks. In the northern North Sea Basin, an Upper Triassic-Paleogene oil-rich petroleum system was formed, which is characterized by marine graben-type source rocks, deltaic sandstone and marine limestone reservoirs, and marine tight marl and shale cap rocks.The late tectonic burial and uplift in the North Sea Basin further controlled the processes of oil and gas generation and accumulation, ultimately leading to a differential distribution pattern which is oil rich in the northern part and gas rich in the southern part of the basin. In the future, there is an urgent need to re-examine the mechanisms for the petroleum generation and accumulation in large mature exploration areas(e.g., super basins such as the North Sea) and low exploration areas(e.g., the Okhotsk Sea and Arctic regions) from the perspective of multi-spheric interactions in the Earth in order to provide new theoretical support for increasing the identification of oil and gas reserves globally. The development of artificial intelligence in the petroleum industry should focus on the massive amount of exploration and geological data collected in the North Sea Basin.Through digital geological innovation, carbon neutral comprehensive utilization of oil, gas, and associated resources(e.g.,helium and hydrogen) can be achieved, providing a new paradigm for global oil and gas exploration and development.展开更多
Subseasonal-to-seasonal(S2S)forecasting for East Asian atmospheric circulation poses significant challenges for conventional numerical weather prediction(NWP)models.Recently,deep learning(DL)models have demonstrated s...Subseasonal-to-seasonal(S2S)forecasting for East Asian atmospheric circulation poses significant challenges for conventional numerical weather prediction(NWP)models.Recently,deep learning(DL)models have demonstrated significant potential in further enhancing S2S forecasts beyond the capabilities of NWP models.However,most current DLbased S2S forecasting models largely overlook the role of global predictors from multiple spheres,such as ocean,land,and atmosphere domains,that are crucial for effective S2S forecasting.In this study,we introduce EAAC-S2S,a tailored DL model for S2S forecasting of East Asian atmospheric circulation.EAAC-S2S employs the cross-attention mechanism to couple atmospheric circulations over East Asia with representative multi-sphere(i.e.,atmosphere,land,and ocean)variables,providing pentad-averaged circulation forecasts up to 12 pentads ahead throughout all seasons.Experimental results demonstrate,on the S2S time scale,that EAAC-S2S consistently outperforms the European Centre for MediumRange Weather Forecasts(ECMWF)Ensemble Prediction System by decreasing the root-mean-square error(RMSE)by3.8%and increasing the anomaly correlation coefficient(ACC)by 8.6%,averaged across all 17 predictands.Our system also shows good skill for examples of heatwaves and the South China Sea Subtropical High Intensity Index(SCSSHII).Moreover,quantitative interpretability analysis including multi-sphere attribution and attention visualization are conducted for the first time in a DL S2S model,where the traced predictability aligns well with prior meteorological knowledge.We hope that our results have the potential to advance research in data-driven S2S forecasting.展开更多
建成了以若尔盖湿地草原为重点、辐射整个黄河源区的能量—水分—碳循环综合观测网络,揭示了高原草地和湿地生态系统从叶片—群体—生态系统—区域尺度碳循环特征及其对气候变化的响应机理,建立了基于高原草毡层退化的草地生态监测和恢...建成了以若尔盖湿地草原为重点、辐射整个黄河源区的能量—水分—碳循环综合观测网络,揭示了高原草地和湿地生态系统从叶片—群体—生态系统—区域尺度碳循环特征及其对气候变化的响应机理,建立了基于高原草毡层退化的草地生态监测和恢复技术,显著降低了生态治理成本并增强了其可持续性。厘清了冻土—积雪—植被—大气相互作用的关键过程与机理,研发了具有自主知识产权的SHUD(Simulator of Hydrologic Unstructured Domains)水文模型及其软件工具包,改进了青藏高原陆面—生态—水文模拟,深化了对黄河源区生态恢复水文效应的认识。提出了青藏高原强局地陆面大气耦合过程是维持高原午后对流降水的机制,为开展高原午后对流降水预报和区域气候与生态系统协同调控提供了科学依据。展开更多
针对权重未知的多属性决策问题,在T-球形模糊环境下,设计了逼近理想方案的妥协排序法(compromise ranking of alternatives from distance to ideal solution,CRADIS).其中,采用新的交叉熵公式计算专家个体评价结果与群体评价结果的差异...针对权重未知的多属性决策问题,在T-球形模糊环境下,设计了逼近理想方案的妥协排序法(compromise ranking of alternatives from distance to ideal solution,CRADIS).其中,采用新的交叉熵公式计算专家个体评价结果与群体评价结果的差异,进一步确定专家权重,并根据交叉熵公式构建最大化偏差法确定属性权重;采用新的距离测度计算备选方案和正负理想方案之间的偏差,克服以往2个T-球形模糊集不能被很好区分的缺陷.最后,将CRADIS方法应用于一个建筑公司选择实例,并与各种决策方法进行比较分析,说明所提方法的有效性和实用性.展开更多
This paper is aimed at detecting the neutron spectrum of^(241)Am–Be, a widely used neutron source, with the SP9 ~3He proportional counter, which is a multi-sphere spectrometer system of eight thermal neutron detector...This paper is aimed at detecting the neutron spectrum of^(241)Am–Be, a widely used neutron source, with the SP9 ~3He proportional counter, which is a multi-sphere spectrometer system of eight thermal neutron detectors embedded in eight polyethylene(PE) spheres of varying diameters. The transport processes of a neutron in the multi-sphere spectrometer are simulated using the Geant4 code. Two sets of response functions of the PE spheres are obtained for calculating the^(241)Am–Be neutron spectrum.Response Function 1 utilizes the thermal neutron scattering model G4 Neutron HPThermal Scattering for neutron energies of ≤4 eV, and Response Function 2 has no thermal treatment. Neutron spectra of an^(241)Am–Be neutron source are measured and compared to those calculated by using the response functions. The results show that response function with thermal treatment is more accurate and closer to the real spectrum.展开更多
Taking the Paleozoic of the Sichuan and Tarim basins in China as example,the controlling effects of the Earth system evolution and multi-spherical interactions on the formation and enrichment of marine ultra-deep petr...Taking the Paleozoic of the Sichuan and Tarim basins in China as example,the controlling effects of the Earth system evolution and multi-spherical interactions on the formation and enrichment of marine ultra-deep petroleum in China have been elaborated.By discussing the development of“source-reservoir-seal”controlled by the breakup and assembly of supercontinents and regional tectonic movements,and the mechanisms of petroleum generation and accumulation controlled by temperature-pressure system and fault conduit system,Both the South China and Tarim blocks passed through the intertropical convergence zone(ITCZ)of the low-latitude Hadley Cell twice during their drifts,and formed hydrocarbon source rocks with high quality.It is proposed that deep tectonic activities and surface climate evolution jointly controlled the types and stratigraphic positions of ultra-deep hydrocarbon source rocks,reservoirs,and seals in the Sichuan and Tarim basins,forming multiple petroleum systems in the Ediacaran-Cambrian,Cambrian-Ordovician,Cambrian-Permian and Permian-Triassic strata.The matching degree of source-reservoir-seal,the type of organic matter in source rocks,the deep thermal regime of basin,and the burial-uplift process across tectonic periods collectively control the entire process from the generation to the accumulation of oil and gas.Three types of oil and gas enrichment models are formed,including near-source accumulation in platform marginal zones,distant-source accumulation in high-energy beaches through faults,and three-dimensional accumulation in strike-slip fault zones,which ultimately result in the multi-layered natural gas enrichment in ultra-deep layers of the Sichuan Basin and co-enrichment of oil and gas in the ultra-deep layers of the Tarim Basin.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42288201,42202162,92255303,and 42372162)。
文摘Oil and gas will remain the dominant components of global primary energy consumption during the energy transition period.Innovations in petroleum geology and exploration and development technologies are critical for advancing the energy revolution.Building on a systematic review of the formation and evolution of classical petroleum geology,this paper proposes a new theoretical content and research framework of multi-spheric interaction-driven hydrocarbon formation and enrichment through in-depth analyses of the Earth's multi-spheric coupling mechanisms and cross-spheric cycling processes of volatiles.The core concept of this new theory lies in the principles of Earth system science and multi-spheric interactions,and the aim is to unravel the interplay between Earth system materials and energy cycles and dynamic processes in controlling hydrocarbon formation and enrichment.We reassess the global oil and gas resource potential and identify future exploration priorities and frontier domains for petroleum geology.By focusing on volatile-mediated multi-spheric exchange processes and setting them as a breakthrough,this framework aims to examine the genetic linkages among deep Earth processes,climatic environments,basin evolution,biological activities,and petroleum systems.The additional goals of this research are to decode the spatiotemporal distribution of hydrocarbon resources across diverse scales and types and to establish a novel theoretical paradigm for optimizing target prioritization of both mature field revitalization and frontier play assessment.By integrating the theory of multi-spheric interaction-driven hydrocarbon formation and enrichment with the artificial intelligence powered large-scale model tailored to the petroleum exploration and production industry,this initiative provides transformative scientific and technological underpinning for advancing the ongoing global energy revolution.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 42288201, 92255303, 42202162, 42372162)。
文摘The North Sea Basin is the most important oil and gas producing area in Europe and the birthplace of many classic petroleum geological theories. From the perspective of multi-spheric interactions in the Earth, this study investigated the riftforeland-rift evolution process of the North Sea Basin, which was controlled by the deep dynamic driving forces of the continental collision orogeny, mantle plume uplift, and intraplate deformation. The North Sea Basin was found to have drifted northward since the Carboniferous and passed through the low-latitude Hadley and the mid-latitude Ferrel cells. Two sets of main hydrocarbon source rocks have formed, the coals and coal measures of the Upper Carboniferous Westphalian and the marine shale of the Upper Jurassic Kimmeridge Clay Formation. We propose that the deep processes, tectonic activity, and transgression-climate evolution jointly controlled the types and horizons of the source rocks, reservoirs, and seals in different regions of the North Sea Basin. In the southern North Sea Basin, a Carboniferous-Lower Triassic gas-rich petroleum system was formed,which is characterized by transitional coal measure source rocks, desert aeolian sandstone reservoirs, and evaporite cap rocks. In the northern North Sea Basin, an Upper Triassic-Paleogene oil-rich petroleum system was formed, which is characterized by marine graben-type source rocks, deltaic sandstone and marine limestone reservoirs, and marine tight marl and shale cap rocks.The late tectonic burial and uplift in the North Sea Basin further controlled the processes of oil and gas generation and accumulation, ultimately leading to a differential distribution pattern which is oil rich in the northern part and gas rich in the southern part of the basin. In the future, there is an urgent need to re-examine the mechanisms for the petroleum generation and accumulation in large mature exploration areas(e.g., super basins such as the North Sea) and low exploration areas(e.g., the Okhotsk Sea and Arctic regions) from the perspective of multi-spheric interactions in the Earth in order to provide new theoretical support for increasing the identification of oil and gas reserves globally. The development of artificial intelligence in the petroleum industry should focus on the massive amount of exploration and geological data collected in the North Sea Basin.Through digital geological innovation, carbon neutral comprehensive utilization of oil, gas, and associated resources(e.g.,helium and hydrogen) can be achieved, providing a new paradigm for global oil and gas exploration and development.
基金supported in part by the Meteorological Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U2142211)by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2020YFA0608002)+4 种基金by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42075141 and 42341202)by the China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(Grant No.BX20230071)by the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Youth(Grant No.42205191)by the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.2021SHZDZX0100)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘Subseasonal-to-seasonal(S2S)forecasting for East Asian atmospheric circulation poses significant challenges for conventional numerical weather prediction(NWP)models.Recently,deep learning(DL)models have demonstrated significant potential in further enhancing S2S forecasts beyond the capabilities of NWP models.However,most current DLbased S2S forecasting models largely overlook the role of global predictors from multiple spheres,such as ocean,land,and atmosphere domains,that are crucial for effective S2S forecasting.In this study,we introduce EAAC-S2S,a tailored DL model for S2S forecasting of East Asian atmospheric circulation.EAAC-S2S employs the cross-attention mechanism to couple atmospheric circulations over East Asia with representative multi-sphere(i.e.,atmosphere,land,and ocean)variables,providing pentad-averaged circulation forecasts up to 12 pentads ahead throughout all seasons.Experimental results demonstrate,on the S2S time scale,that EAAC-S2S consistently outperforms the European Centre for MediumRange Weather Forecasts(ECMWF)Ensemble Prediction System by decreasing the root-mean-square error(RMSE)by3.8%and increasing the anomaly correlation coefficient(ACC)by 8.6%,averaged across all 17 predictands.Our system also shows good skill for examples of heatwaves and the South China Sea Subtropical High Intensity Index(SCSSHII).Moreover,quantitative interpretability analysis including multi-sphere attribution and attention visualization are conducted for the first time in a DL S2S model,where the traced predictability aligns well with prior meteorological knowledge.We hope that our results have the potential to advance research in data-driven S2S forecasting.
文摘建成了以若尔盖湿地草原为重点、辐射整个黄河源区的能量—水分—碳循环综合观测网络,揭示了高原草地和湿地生态系统从叶片—群体—生态系统—区域尺度碳循环特征及其对气候变化的响应机理,建立了基于高原草毡层退化的草地生态监测和恢复技术,显著降低了生态治理成本并增强了其可持续性。厘清了冻土—积雪—植被—大气相互作用的关键过程与机理,研发了具有自主知识产权的SHUD(Simulator of Hydrologic Unstructured Domains)水文模型及其软件工具包,改进了青藏高原陆面—生态—水文模拟,深化了对黄河源区生态恢复水文效应的认识。提出了青藏高原强局地陆面大气耦合过程是维持高原午后对流降水的机制,为开展高原午后对流降水预报和区域气候与生态系统协同调控提供了科学依据。
文摘针对权重未知的多属性决策问题,在T-球形模糊环境下,设计了逼近理想方案的妥协排序法(compromise ranking of alternatives from distance to ideal solution,CRADIS).其中,采用新的交叉熵公式计算专家个体评价结果与群体评价结果的差异,进一步确定专家权重,并根据交叉熵公式构建最大化偏差法确定属性权重;采用新的距离测度计算备选方案和正负理想方案之间的偏差,克服以往2个T-球形模糊集不能被很好区分的缺陷.最后,将CRADIS方法应用于一个建筑公司选择实例,并与各种决策方法进行比较分析,说明所提方法的有效性和实用性.
基金supported by ITER Plan National Major Project(No.2008GB109000)the Introduces Talents Scientific Research Project of Guizhou University(2014,No.32)
文摘This paper is aimed at detecting the neutron spectrum of^(241)Am–Be, a widely used neutron source, with the SP9 ~3He proportional counter, which is a multi-sphere spectrometer system of eight thermal neutron detectors embedded in eight polyethylene(PE) spheres of varying diameters. The transport processes of a neutron in the multi-sphere spectrometer are simulated using the Geant4 code. Two sets of response functions of the PE spheres are obtained for calculating the^(241)Am–Be neutron spectrum.Response Function 1 utilizes the thermal neutron scattering model G4 Neutron HPThermal Scattering for neutron energies of ≤4 eV, and Response Function 2 has no thermal treatment. Neutron spectra of an^(241)Am–Be neutron source are measured and compared to those calculated by using the response functions. The results show that response function with thermal treatment is more accurate and closer to the real spectrum.
基金Supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC0603101)National Natural Science Foundation of China(42225303,42372162,42102146)+1 种基金Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA14010101)Basic and Forward-Looking Major Technology Project of China National Petroleum Corporation(2023ZZ0203)。
文摘Taking the Paleozoic of the Sichuan and Tarim basins in China as example,the controlling effects of the Earth system evolution and multi-spherical interactions on the formation and enrichment of marine ultra-deep petroleum in China have been elaborated.By discussing the development of“source-reservoir-seal”controlled by the breakup and assembly of supercontinents and regional tectonic movements,and the mechanisms of petroleum generation and accumulation controlled by temperature-pressure system and fault conduit system,Both the South China and Tarim blocks passed through the intertropical convergence zone(ITCZ)of the low-latitude Hadley Cell twice during their drifts,and formed hydrocarbon source rocks with high quality.It is proposed that deep tectonic activities and surface climate evolution jointly controlled the types and stratigraphic positions of ultra-deep hydrocarbon source rocks,reservoirs,and seals in the Sichuan and Tarim basins,forming multiple petroleum systems in the Ediacaran-Cambrian,Cambrian-Ordovician,Cambrian-Permian and Permian-Triassic strata.The matching degree of source-reservoir-seal,the type of organic matter in source rocks,the deep thermal regime of basin,and the burial-uplift process across tectonic periods collectively control the entire process from the generation to the accumulation of oil and gas.Three types of oil and gas enrichment models are formed,including near-source accumulation in platform marginal zones,distant-source accumulation in high-energy beaches through faults,and three-dimensional accumulation in strike-slip fault zones,which ultimately result in the multi-layered natural gas enrichment in ultra-deep layers of the Sichuan Basin and co-enrichment of oil and gas in the ultra-deep layers of the Tarim Basin.
