The complete sequence of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene （18S rRNA） from Lymantria dispar was cloned and analysed here. 18S rRNA and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidasel （coxl） gene sequences of Lymantria dispar were co...The complete sequence of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene （18S rRNA） from Lymantria dispar was cloned and analysed here. 18S rRNA and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidasel （coxl） gene sequences of Lymantria dispar were compared with homologous sequences of other nine insects from different orders. Analytic results showed that 18S rRNA of these insects had two conserved domains and the second domain was an even more conserved region. The phylogenetic trees based on the full-length sequence and the second domain fragment of 18S rRNA as well as sequence of coxl from different orders indicated that Lepidoptera and Trichoptera, which belongs to Amphiesmenoptera, had a closer phylogenetic relationship and fewer differences were observed comparing with traditional taxonomic results.展开更多
Leptobrachium bompu Sondhi and Ohler, 2011 was described based on a single specimen collected from Eaglenest in southern slope of Himalaya（holotype： No. KA0001/200905）. In April, 2014, seven adults and three tadpol...Leptobrachium bompu Sondhi and Ohler, 2011 was described based on a single specimen collected from Eaglenest in southern slope of Himalaya（holotype： No. KA0001/200905）. In April, 2014, seven adults and three tadpoles of Leptobrachium bompu were collected from upper Medog, Tibet, China since most the morphological characters of the adult frogs matched the species Leptobrachium bompu, while the tadpoles mentioned above were determined as the same species as the adults by molecular systematics analysis. Three types of iris coloration were found in the seven adult specimens and two types of spiraculum in the three tadpoles. Advertisement calls usually had 6-8 notes and the fundamental frequency ranged from 1076 to 1466 Hz. All the specimens collected at upper Medog were clustered as one lineage with very low genetic variation and located at the base of the phylogenetic tree of the genus Leptobrachium.展开更多
Previous studies found intraspecific diversity in Scrippsiella trochoidea A. R. Loeblich Ill, a widely distributed calcareous cyst-producing dinoflagellate. In this study, three strains （ST-I, ST-D6 and ST-K） of S. ...Previous studies found intraspecific diversity in Scrippsiella trochoidea A. R. Loeblich Ill, a widely distributed calcareous cyst-producing dinoflagellate. In this study, three strains （ST-I, ST-D6 and ST-K） of S. trochoidea isolated from the East Asian waters were studied, together with other geographical strains, to resolve their phylogenetic relationships. For the three East Asian isolates, two highly diverse regions of nuclear-encoded ribosomal DNA （rDNA）, the 5.8S rDNA and its flanking internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2, and the 5＇ portion of the large-subunit rDNA （encompassing the ＂DI＂ and ＂D2＂ domains） were sequenced. Homologous sequences from other geographical isolates were selected from the GenBank database and the phylogenetic relationships were inferred from the molecular data of these strains. Strains of S. trochoidea were found to cluster into three major clades （STR1, STR2 and STR3）, as reported in previous studies. Two of the three strains ST-1 and ST-K, were grouped in clade STR2, the other strain, ST-D6, belonged to clade STR3. The intraspecific diversity ofS. trochoidea in East Asian waters makes it necessary to carry out phylogenetic investigations in combination with data of biogeography, population dynamics, and life cycle on the ecophysiology of a region.展开更多
Three new wood-rotting fungi Peniophorella growing on Pinus yunnanensis in southwestern China,Peniophorella euryhypha,Peniophorella pinicola and Peniophorella stellata,are described based on morphology and phylogeny.T...Three new wood-rotting fungi Peniophorella growing on Pinus yunnanensis in southwestern China,Peniophorella euryhypha,Peniophorella pinicola and Peniophorella stellata,are described based on morphology and phylogeny.They all have annual resupinate basidiomata with smooth,white to cream hymenophore and clavate to cylindrical leptocystidia without resinous matter.P.euryhypha is characterized by simple septate subicular hyphae 7.5-9.5μm wide and broadly clavate to sphaeropedunculate cystidia,narrowly ellipsoid basidiospores 9.3-11×3-4.3μm.P.pinicola is characterized by encrusted hyphae and bowl-shaped stephanocysts and thick-walled cystidia,oblong-ellipsoid basidiospores 5.5-8×3.2-5μm.P.stellata is characterized by leptocystidia and sometimes hyphidia encrusted with rosette-like crystals in subhymenium and hymenium,and oblong-ellipsoid basidiospores 8-10×3.5-5μm.In addition,Peniophorella cremea is considered as a synonym of Hyphoderma transiens.A key to Chinese species of Peniophorella is provided.展开更多
Wood-decaying fungi play crucial roles as decomposers in forest ecosystems.In this study,two new Lopharia species from Yunnan Province in southwest China,Lopharia minispora and Lopharia punctata,are described and illu...Wood-decaying fungi play crucial roles as decomposers in forest ecosystems.In this study,two new Lopharia species from Yunnan Province in southwest China,Lopharia minispora and Lopharia punctata,are described and illustrated based on the morphological and molecular evidence.L.minispora is characterized by its slightly brown and cracked basidiomata when dry,a monomitic hyphal system with clamp connections,and oblong-ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 5.5-6.7×2.7-3.3μm;L.punctata is characterized by its membranous,white to cream basidiomata,a monomitic hyphal system with simple-septa on generative hyphae and subglobose to globose basidiospores measuring 9.5-12×7.5-10.1μm.Sequences of ITS and nLSU rDNA markers of the studied samples were employed,and phylogenetic analyses were performed with maximum likelihood,maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference methods,ensuring the reliability of our findings.The dataset analyses showed that the two new species clustered into the genus Lopharia,in which L.minispora was sister of Lopharia erubescens;L.punctata grouped with the lineage of Lopharia ayresii and Lopharia resupinata.展开更多
In present study,morphological observation and phylogenetic relationship analyses by using multiple loci DNA sequences,including the internal transcribed spacer(ITS)regions,the large subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene...In present study,morphological observation and phylogenetic relationship analyses by using multiple loci DNA sequences,including the internal transcribed spacer(ITS)regions,the large subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene(nLSU),and the translation elongation factor 1-αgene(tef1),result in discovery of Sicyoideibasidia yunnanensis sp.nov.of Agaricales.The species is characterized by resupinate basidiomata with smooth,cream to yellowish hymenial surface,a monomitic hyphal system,generative hyphae bearing simple septa,and ellipsoid basidiospores.Phylogenetic analysis based on ITS+nLSU+tef1 data shows that the new species is closely related with S.bambusicola and S.punctata.展开更多
Wood-inhabiting fungi can decompose lignin,cellulose and hemicellulose,and play an integral role in the material cycle of forest ecosystems.In this study,a wood-inhabiting polypore collected from Yunnan Province,south...Wood-inhabiting fungi can decompose lignin,cellulose and hemicellulose,and play an integral role in the material cycle of forest ecosystems.In this study,a wood-inhabiting polypore collected from Yunnan Province,southwest China is introduced as a new genus typified by Porphyrostereum punctatum.The new genus Porphyrostereum is characterized by corticioid basidiomata with smooth,cream to slightly buff,cracked and becoming purplish pink or pinkish purple hymenial surface,a monomitic hyphal system and generative hyphae bearing clamp connections,and ellipsoid basidiospores.The phylogenetic analyses were performed with maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods based on ITS+nLSU nuclear RNA gene regions.Phylogenetic analyses showed that Porphyrostereum forms a monophyletic lineage within the order Polyporales in which it is closely related to Purpureocorticium.展开更多
Here,we described Gekko(Japonigekko)ichangensis sp.nov.,a new member of the genus Gekko Laurenti,1768,based on specimens collected from Changyang Tujia Autonomous County,Yichang City,Hubei Province,China.Morphological...Here,we described Gekko(Japonigekko)ichangensis sp.nov.,a new member of the genus Gekko Laurenti,1768,based on specimens collected from Changyang Tujia Autonomous County,Yichang City,Hubei Province,China.Morphological comparisons and phylogenetic analyses using mitochondrial cytb and 16S genes place the new species within the subgenus Japonigekko,clustering with G.(J.)wenxianensis.The new species differs from other Japonigekko congeners by the following set of characteristics:(1)moderate body size(snout-vent length 58.5–66.5 mm in adult individuals);(2)nostrils touching the rostral,with 1–2 internasals present;(3)tubercles distributed on the head,dorsum,limbs,and tail,excluding the upper forelimbs;(4)174–195ventral scales spanning from the mental to the cloacal slit;(5)39–47 rows of ventral scales;(6)12–15 subdigital lamellae under the first toes and 13–18under the fourth toes;(7)weakly developed webbing;(8)5–8 precloacal pores in males;(9)three unilateral postcloacal tubercles;(10)a brown dorsum with six broad,irregular dark-brown bands extending from the nape to the sacrum.The identification of this new species raises the number of described Gekko species to 90.In China,25 species are recorded,21 of which belong to the subgenus Japonigekko.展开更多
A survey of small mammals conducted on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau in August 2023 yielded a series of specimens of a distinctive and previously unidentified Neodon species from high-altitude shrubland and grassland hab...A survey of small mammals conducted on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau in August 2023 yielded a series of specimens of a distinctive and previously unidentified Neodon species from high-altitude shrubland and grassland habitats at elevations of 2800–4000 m in Lhozhag County,Xizang,China.This study employed an integrative approach,combining molecular and morphological evidence to determine the taxonomic placement of the species.Results confirmed that these specimens represent a new species,formally described herein as Neodon lhozhagensis sp.nov.The new species can be distinguished from all other Neodon species based on larger body size,longer tail,five closed triangles in first lower molar,and obvious interorbital crest.Molecular analysis strongly supported Neodon lhozhagensis sp.nov.as a monophyletic clade that diverged from its sister taxon,Neodon tsonaensis,approximately 0.89–1.68 million years ago.Kimura-2-parameter genetic distances of the complete cytochrome b gene between Neodon lhozhagensis sp.nov.and other nominal Neodon species ranged from 9.3%to 12.8%.This discovery underscores the importance of continued efforts to investigate and document the biodiversity of the Himalayan region.展开更多
Phylogenetics is used to detect past evolutionary events, from how species originated to how their ecological interactions with other species arose, which can mirror cophylogenetic patterns. Cophylogenetic reconstruct...Phylogenetics is used to detect past evolutionary events, from how species originated to how their ecological interactions with other species arose, which can mirror cophylogenetic patterns. Cophylogenetic reconstructions uncover past ecological relationships between taxa through inferred coevolutionary events on trees, for example, codivergence, duplication, host-switching, and loss. These events can be detected by cophylogenetic analyses based on nodes and the length and branching pattern of the phylogenetic trees of symbiotic associations, for example, host-parasite. In the past 2 decades, algorithms have been developed for cophylogetenic analyses and implemented in different software, for ex ample, statistical congruence index and event-based methods. Based on the combination of these approaches, it is possible to integrate temporal information into cophylogenetical inference, such as es- timates of lineage divergence times between 2 taxa, for example, hosts and parasites. Additionally, the advances in phylogenetic biogeography applying methods based on parametric process models and combined Bayesian approaches, can be useful for interpreting coevolutionary histories in a scenario of biogeographical area connectivity through time. This article briefly reviews the basics of parasitology and provides an overview of software packages in cophylogenetic methods. Thus, the objective here is to present a phylogenetic framework for coevolutionary studies, with special emphasis on groups of parasitic organisms. Researchers wishing to undertake phylogeny-based coevolutionary studies can use this review as a ＂compass＂ when ＂walking＂ through jungles of tangled phylogenetic trees.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31101490)
文摘The complete sequence of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene （18S rRNA） from Lymantria dispar was cloned and analysed here. 18S rRNA and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidasel （coxl） gene sequences of Lymantria dispar were compared with homologous sequences of other nine insects from different orders. Analytic results showed that 18S rRNA of these insects had two conserved domains and the second domain was an even more conserved region. The phylogenetic trees based on the full-length sequence and the second domain fragment of 18S rRNA as well as sequence of coxl from different orders indicated that Lepidoptera and Trichoptera, which belongs to Amphiesmenoptera, had a closer phylogenetic relationship and fewer differences were observed comparing with traditional taxonomic results.
基金partially supported by NSFC(31471964,31201702)National Second Survey of Terrestrial Vertebrates in Xizang Autonomous Region of China
文摘Leptobrachium bompu Sondhi and Ohler, 2011 was described based on a single specimen collected from Eaglenest in southern slope of Himalaya（holotype： No. KA0001/200905）. In April, 2014, seven adults and three tadpoles of Leptobrachium bompu were collected from upper Medog, Tibet, China since most the morphological characters of the adult frogs matched the species Leptobrachium bompu, while the tadpoles mentioned above were determined as the same species as the adults by molecular systematics analysis. Three types of iris coloration were found in the seven adult specimens and two types of spiraculum in the three tadpoles. Advertisement calls usually had 6-8 notes and the fundamental frequency ranged from 1076 to 1466 Hz. All the specimens collected at upper Medog were clustered as one lineage with very low genetic variation and located at the base of the phylogenetic tree of the genus Leptobrachium.
基金Supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences （No. KZCX2-YW-208） and National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 40676072）
文摘Previous studies found intraspecific diversity in Scrippsiella trochoidea A. R. Loeblich Ill, a widely distributed calcareous cyst-producing dinoflagellate. In this study, three strains （ST-I, ST-D6 and ST-K） of S. trochoidea isolated from the East Asian waters were studied, together with other geographical strains, to resolve their phylogenetic relationships. For the three East Asian isolates, two highly diverse regions of nuclear-encoded ribosomal DNA （rDNA）, the 5.8S rDNA and its flanking internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2, and the 5＇ portion of the large-subunit rDNA （encompassing the ＂DI＂ and ＂D2＂ domains） were sequenced. Homologous sequences from other geographical isolates were selected from the GenBank database and the phylogenetic relationships were inferred from the molecular data of these strains. Strains of S. trochoidea were found to cluster into three major clades （STR1, STR2 and STR3）, as reported in previous studies. Two of the three strains ST-1 and ST-K, were grouped in clade STR2, the other strain, ST-D6, belonged to clade STR3. The intraspecific diversity ofS. trochoidea in East Asian waters makes it necessary to carry out phylogenetic investigations in combination with data of biogeography, population dynamics, and life cycle on the ecophysiology of a region.
文摘Three new wood-rotting fungi Peniophorella growing on Pinus yunnanensis in southwestern China,Peniophorella euryhypha,Peniophorella pinicola and Peniophorella stellata,are described based on morphology and phylogeny.They all have annual resupinate basidiomata with smooth,white to cream hymenophore and clavate to cylindrical leptocystidia without resinous matter.P.euryhypha is characterized by simple septate subicular hyphae 7.5-9.5μm wide and broadly clavate to sphaeropedunculate cystidia,narrowly ellipsoid basidiospores 9.3-11×3-4.3μm.P.pinicola is characterized by encrusted hyphae and bowl-shaped stephanocysts and thick-walled cystidia,oblong-ellipsoid basidiospores 5.5-8×3.2-5μm.P.stellata is characterized by leptocystidia and sometimes hyphidia encrusted with rosette-like crystals in subhymenium and hymenium,and oblong-ellipsoid basidiospores 8-10×3.5-5μm.In addition,Peniophorella cremea is considered as a synonym of Hyphoderma transiens.A key to Chinese species of Peniophorella is provided.
文摘Wood-decaying fungi play crucial roles as decomposers in forest ecosystems.In this study,two new Lopharia species from Yunnan Province in southwest China,Lopharia minispora and Lopharia punctata,are described and illustrated based on the morphological and molecular evidence.L.minispora is characterized by its slightly brown and cracked basidiomata when dry,a monomitic hyphal system with clamp connections,and oblong-ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 5.5-6.7×2.7-3.3μm;L.punctata is characterized by its membranous,white to cream basidiomata,a monomitic hyphal system with simple-septa on generative hyphae and subglobose to globose basidiospores measuring 9.5-12×7.5-10.1μm.Sequences of ITS and nLSU rDNA markers of the studied samples were employed,and phylogenetic analyses were performed with maximum likelihood,maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference methods,ensuring the reliability of our findings.The dataset analyses showed that the two new species clustered into the genus Lopharia,in which L.minispora was sister of Lopharia erubescens;L.punctata grouped with the lineage of Lopharia ayresii and Lopharia resupinata.
文摘In present study,morphological observation and phylogenetic relationship analyses by using multiple loci DNA sequences,including the internal transcribed spacer(ITS)regions,the large subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene(nLSU),and the translation elongation factor 1-αgene(tef1),result in discovery of Sicyoideibasidia yunnanensis sp.nov.of Agaricales.The species is characterized by resupinate basidiomata with smooth,cream to yellowish hymenial surface,a monomitic hyphal system,generative hyphae bearing simple septa,and ellipsoid basidiospores.Phylogenetic analysis based on ITS+nLSU+tef1 data shows that the new species is closely related with S.bambusicola and S.punctata.
文摘Wood-inhabiting fungi can decompose lignin,cellulose and hemicellulose,and play an integral role in the material cycle of forest ecosystems.In this study,a wood-inhabiting polypore collected from Yunnan Province,southwest China is introduced as a new genus typified by Porphyrostereum punctatum.The new genus Porphyrostereum is characterized by corticioid basidiomata with smooth,cream to slightly buff,cracked and becoming purplish pink or pinkish purple hymenial surface,a monomitic hyphal system and generative hyphae bearing clamp connections,and ellipsoid basidiospores.The phylogenetic analyses were performed with maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods based on ITS+nLSU nuclear RNA gene regions.Phylogenetic analyses showed that Porphyrostereum forms a monophyletic lineage within the order Polyporales in which it is closely related to Purpureocorticium.
基金provided by“Yunnan Revitalization Talent Support Program”awarded to Fang YANthe Yunnan Fundamental Research Project(202201AW070018)+1 种基金the Thailand Science Research and Innovation Fundthe University of Phayao,Unit of Excellence 2025 on Aquatic Animals Biodiversity Assessment(PhaseⅠ)。
文摘Here,we described Gekko(Japonigekko)ichangensis sp.nov.,a new member of the genus Gekko Laurenti,1768,based on specimens collected from Changyang Tujia Autonomous County,Yichang City,Hubei Province,China.Morphological comparisons and phylogenetic analyses using mitochondrial cytb and 16S genes place the new species within the subgenus Japonigekko,clustering with G.(J.)wenxianensis.The new species differs from other Japonigekko congeners by the following set of characteristics:(1)moderate body size(snout-vent length 58.5–66.5 mm in adult individuals);(2)nostrils touching the rostral,with 1–2 internasals present;(3)tubercles distributed on the head,dorsum,limbs,and tail,excluding the upper forelimbs;(4)174–195ventral scales spanning from the mental to the cloacal slit;(5)39–47 rows of ventral scales;(6)12–15 subdigital lamellae under the first toes and 13–18under the fourth toes;(7)weakly developed webbing;(8)5–8 precloacal pores in males;(9)three unilateral postcloacal tubercles;(10)a brown dorsum with six broad,irregular dark-brown bands extending from the nape to the sacrum.The identification of this new species raises the number of described Gekko species to 90.In China,25 species are recorded,21 of which belong to the subgenus Japonigekko.
基金supported by the Second Qinghai-Xizang Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(2024QZKK0200,2019QZKK05010100)Survey of Wildlife Resources in Key Areas of Xizang(ZL202203601,ZL202303601)。
文摘A survey of small mammals conducted on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau in August 2023 yielded a series of specimens of a distinctive and previously unidentified Neodon species from high-altitude shrubland and grassland habitats at elevations of 2800–4000 m in Lhozhag County,Xizang,China.This study employed an integrative approach,combining molecular and morphological evidence to determine the taxonomic placement of the species.Results confirmed that these specimens represent a new species,formally described herein as Neodon lhozhagensis sp.nov.The new species can be distinguished from all other Neodon species based on larger body size,longer tail,five closed triangles in first lower molar,and obvious interorbital crest.Molecular analysis strongly supported Neodon lhozhagensis sp.nov.as a monophyletic clade that diverged from its sister taxon,Neodon tsonaensis,approximately 0.89–1.68 million years ago.Kimura-2-parameter genetic distances of the complete cytochrome b gene between Neodon lhozhagensis sp.nov.and other nominal Neodon species ranged from 9.3%to 12.8%.This discovery underscores the importance of continued efforts to investigate and document the biodiversity of the Himalayan region.
文摘Phylogenetics is used to detect past evolutionary events, from how species originated to how their ecological interactions with other species arose, which can mirror cophylogenetic patterns. Cophylogenetic reconstructions uncover past ecological relationships between taxa through inferred coevolutionary events on trees, for example, codivergence, duplication, host-switching, and loss. These events can be detected by cophylogenetic analyses based on nodes and the length and branching pattern of the phylogenetic trees of symbiotic associations, for example, host-parasite. In the past 2 decades, algorithms have been developed for cophylogetenic analyses and implemented in different software, for ex ample, statistical congruence index and event-based methods. Based on the combination of these approaches, it is possible to integrate temporal information into cophylogenetical inference, such as es- timates of lineage divergence times between 2 taxa, for example, hosts and parasites. Additionally, the advances in phylogenetic biogeography applying methods based on parametric process models and combined Bayesian approaches, can be useful for interpreting coevolutionary histories in a scenario of biogeographical area connectivity through time. This article briefly reviews the basics of parasitology and provides an overview of software packages in cophylogenetic methods. Thus, the objective here is to present a phylogenetic framework for coevolutionary studies, with special emphasis on groups of parasitic organisms. Researchers wishing to undertake phylogeny-based coevolutionary studies can use this review as a ＂compass＂ when ＂walking＂ through jungles of tangled phylogenetic trees.
