AIM: To study the chemical constituents and bioactivity of the stem bark of Mitragyna diversifolia. METHOD: Compounds were isolated by various chromatographic methods. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of ...AIM: To study the chemical constituents and bioactivity of the stem bark of Mitragyna diversifolia. METHOD: Compounds were isolated by various chromatographic methods. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic techniques(IR, UV, MS, and NMR), and they were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities by the MTT method. RESULTS: Eight triterpenes were isolated and identified as 3α, 6β, 19α-trihydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid(1), 3β, 6β, 19α- trihydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid(2), 3-oxo-6β-19α-dihydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid(3), 3β, 6β, 19α-trihydroxy-urs-12-en-24, 28-dioic acid 24-methyl ester(4), 3β, 6β, 19α, 24-tetrahydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid(5), rotundic acid(6), 23-nor-24-exomethylene- 3β, 6β, 19α-trihydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid(7), and pololic acid(8), respectively. All of the isolates were tested against two human tumor cell lines, MCF-7(breast) and HT-29(colon). CONCLUSION: Compound 1 was a new triterpene. Compounds 5-7 exhibited potent inhibitory effects on the growth of MCF-7 and HT-29 cells, and the others showed no cytotoxicity.展开更多
该文首次用高效液相建立了帽蕊木茎皮中儿茶素质量分数的测定方法。选用Purospher star RP-C18色谱柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm,德国Merck公司);流动相为V(乙腈):V(高纯水):V(磷酸)=10:89.1:0.9;检测波长278nm;流速1mL/min;柱温25℃。儿...该文首次用高效液相建立了帽蕊木茎皮中儿茶素质量分数的测定方法。选用Purospher star RP-C18色谱柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm,德国Merck公司);流动相为V(乙腈):V(高纯水):V(磷酸)=10:89.1:0.9;检测波长278nm;流速1mL/min;柱温25℃。儿茶素在0.024～0.6μg内峰面积与质量呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9999),平均回收率为104.68。研究结果表明,该方法灵敏、准确、重现性好。该文报道工作的新颖性已为河南大学图书馆2008年7月2日出具的第2008001号《科技查新报告》所证实。展开更多
BACKGROUND Kratom is a psychoactive substance that is isolated from the plant Mitragyna speciosa.The leaves can be chewed fresh or dried,smoked,or infused similar to herbal teas.The plant leaves have been used by nati...BACKGROUND Kratom is a psychoactive substance that is isolated from the plant Mitragyna speciosa.The leaves can be chewed fresh or dried,smoked,or infused similar to herbal teas.The plant leaves have been used by natives of Southeast Asia for centuries.The substance has been used for its stimulant activity at low doses,and as an opium substitute at higher doses due to a morphine like effect.CASE SUMMARY A 37-year-old female with a history of depression and obesity(body mass index:32)presented to emergency room with a week-long history of nausea,decreased appetite,fatigue,and two days of jaundice.On admission bilirubin was markedly elevated.Her condition was thought to be due to consumption of Kratom 2 wk before onset of symptoms.Liver biopsy showed changes mimicking primary biliary cholangitis.Patient’s symptoms and jaundice improved quickly.CONCLUSION The use of Kratom has been on the rise in recent years across the United States and Europe.Several case reports have associated adverse health impact of Kratom-containing products including death due to its ability to alter levels of consciousness.Only a few case reports have highlighted the hepatotoxic effects of Kratom.Even fewer reports exist describing the detailed histopathological changes.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the traditional antidiabetic uses of some indigenous Sudanese plants on streptozotocin-induced diabetes rats. Methods: Diabetic rats were treated with a 400 mg/kg dose of aqueous extracts of ...Objective: To investigate the traditional antidiabetic uses of some indigenous Sudanese plants on streptozotocin-induced diabetes rats. Methods: Diabetic rats were treated with a 400 mg/kg dose of aqueous extracts of five plant species orally for 2 h(acute) or 14 days(chronic). In acute model blood glucose levels were monitored at specific intervals. In the chronic model blood samples were collected from overnight fasted diabetic rats on day 15 to estimate blood glucose level. And the body weight, serum lipid profile and activities of liver and kidney enzymes were measured. Histopathological observations of liver sections were also studied.Results: In the case of acute treatment, aqueous extracts of Tinospora bakis(T. bakis), Nauclea latifolia(N. latifolia) and Randia nilotica(R. nilotica) at 400 mg/kg significantly lowered(P < 0.05) blood glucose levels in diabetic rats whereas, chronic treatment of diabetic rats with 400 mg/kg of T. bakis, N. latifolia, R. nilotica and Mitragyna inremis proved to have significant(P < 0.05) antihyperglycemic effect and have the capacity to correct the metabolic disturbances associated with diabetes. Histopathological studies showed that the aqueous extracts of these four plants reinforced the healing of liver. However, Striga hermonthica aqueous extract did not exert any antihyperglycemic effect to diabetic rats. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that T. bakis, N. latifolia, R. nilotica and Mitragyna inremis have therapeutic value in diabetes and related complications and thus supporting the traditional uses of these plants in Sudanese traditional medicine.展开更多
Objective: Kratom is widely available and literature exploring the effects of prenatal kratom exposure is lacking. This study aims to report a validated method for the detection of mitragynine in the umbilical cord an...Objective: Kratom is widely available and literature exploring the effects of prenatal kratom exposure is lacking. This study aims to report a validated method for the detection of mitragynine in the umbilical cord and report our observations for specimens received at a national commercial reference laboratory. Study Design: Assays were validated according to the recommendations of ANSI/ASB. A retrospective evaluation of records at a national reference laboratory was conducted to determine prevalence and co-exposure to other substances of abuse. Result: Mitragynine was detected in 19 of 4456 specimens (0.43%) with concentrations ranging from 4 to >50 ng/g. Thirteen (13) of these specimens were positive for only mitragynine while the other 6 were also positive for either marijuana or opiates. Conclusion: Umbilical cord is a suitable specimen type for the surveillance of maternal kratom use and can be used to identify exposed neonates for further investigations into short- or long- term health consequences.展开更多
Gastroenteritis constitutes a group of diarrheal diseases of infectious origin, responsible for absenteeism from work, morbidity and mortality, especially among aged people. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacter...Gastroenteritis constitutes a group of diarrheal diseases of infectious origin, responsible for absenteeism from work, morbidity and mortality, especially among aged people. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Mitragyna inermis extracts on the in vitro growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa involved in gastroenteritis. Phytochemical screening was carried out using two distinct methods. The detection of phytochemical compounds by tube coloring and chromatography on a thin layer of silica gel. The sensitivity of organisms was evaluated by the agar well method. The dilution method in liquid medium coupled with spreading on Mueller Hinton agar helped determine the CMB/MIC activity ratios. The investigations show that the extract has the best extraction yield (75.86% ± 0.20%) compared to the aqueous macerated (61.8% ± 0.08%) and decocted (66.6% ± 0.12%). These extracts contain several phytochemical compounds such as flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins, alkaloids, saponosides, coumarins and sterols and terpenes. These substances are endowed with biological activities and could be at the origin of antibacterial activity observed with M. inermis extracts. The analysis of antibacterial activity showed that the germs are sensitive to the extracts with inhibition diameters ranging from 8.30 ± 0.53 to 17.87 ± 0.58 mm. The ethanolic extract was the most active with diameters varying from 15.07 ± 0.62 to 17.87 ± 0.58 mm on all the germs tested. E. coli and S. aureus were the most sensitive germs to the extracts. P. aeruginosa was the least sensitive germ. Activity reports indicate that the extracts exert bactericidal activity on E. coli and S. aureus but bacteriostatic activity on P. aeruginosa. These results justify the use of M. inermis leaves in a traditional environment to treat gastroenteritis.展开更多
Microbial transformation of a triterpene glycoside, quinovic acid 3-O-β-D-quinovopyranoside by Streptomyces griseus ACCT 13273 was achieved with the aim of generating new bio-active derivatives. Preparative-scale bio...Microbial transformation of a triterpene glycoside, quinovic acid 3-O-β-D-quinovopyranoside by Streptomyces griseus ACCT 13273 was achieved with the aim of generating new bio-active derivatives. Preparative-scale biotransformation with standard two-stage fermentation protocol afforded a new oxidized metabolite, as a result of the hydroxylation of the methyl group at C-30, which was difficult to achieve by chemical means. The metabolite was elucidated based on extensive NMR and high-resolution mass spectral analyses.展开更多
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(No.21272275)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(No.PCSIRT-IRT1193)
文摘AIM: To study the chemical constituents and bioactivity of the stem bark of Mitragyna diversifolia. METHOD: Compounds were isolated by various chromatographic methods. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic techniques(IR, UV, MS, and NMR), and they were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities by the MTT method. RESULTS: Eight triterpenes were isolated and identified as 3α, 6β, 19α-trihydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid(1), 3β, 6β, 19α- trihydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid(2), 3-oxo-6β-19α-dihydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid(3), 3β, 6β, 19α-trihydroxy-urs-12-en-24, 28-dioic acid 24-methyl ester(4), 3β, 6β, 19α, 24-tetrahydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid(5), rotundic acid(6), 23-nor-24-exomethylene- 3β, 6β, 19α-trihydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid(7), and pololic acid(8), respectively. All of the isolates were tested against two human tumor cell lines, MCF-7(breast) and HT-29(colon). CONCLUSION: Compound 1 was a new triterpene. Compounds 5-7 exhibited potent inhibitory effects on the growth of MCF-7 and HT-29 cells, and the others showed no cytotoxicity.
文摘该文首次用高效液相建立了帽蕊木茎皮中儿茶素质量分数的测定方法。选用Purospher star RP-C18色谱柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm,德国Merck公司);流动相为V(乙腈):V(高纯水):V(磷酸)=10:89.1:0.9;检测波长278nm;流速1mL/min;柱温25℃。儿茶素在0.024～0.6μg内峰面积与质量呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9999),平均回收率为104.68。研究结果表明,该方法灵敏、准确、重现性好。该文报道工作的新颖性已为河南大学图书馆2008年7月2日出具的第2008001号《科技查新报告》所证实。
文摘BACKGROUND Kratom is a psychoactive substance that is isolated from the plant Mitragyna speciosa.The leaves can be chewed fresh or dried,smoked,or infused similar to herbal teas.The plant leaves have been used by natives of Southeast Asia for centuries.The substance has been used for its stimulant activity at low doses,and as an opium substitute at higher doses due to a morphine like effect.CASE SUMMARY A 37-year-old female with a history of depression and obesity(body mass index:32)presented to emergency room with a week-long history of nausea,decreased appetite,fatigue,and two days of jaundice.On admission bilirubin was markedly elevated.Her condition was thought to be due to consumption of Kratom 2 wk before onset of symptoms.Liver biopsy showed changes mimicking primary biliary cholangitis.Patient’s symptoms and jaundice improved quickly.CONCLUSION The use of Kratom has been on the rise in recent years across the United States and Europe.Several case reports have associated adverse health impact of Kratom-containing products including death due to its ability to alter levels of consciousness.Only a few case reports have highlighted the hepatotoxic effects of Kratom.Even fewer reports exist describing the detailed histopathological changes.
文摘Objective: To investigate the traditional antidiabetic uses of some indigenous Sudanese plants on streptozotocin-induced diabetes rats. Methods: Diabetic rats were treated with a 400 mg/kg dose of aqueous extracts of five plant species orally for 2 h(acute) or 14 days(chronic). In acute model blood glucose levels were monitored at specific intervals. In the chronic model blood samples were collected from overnight fasted diabetic rats on day 15 to estimate blood glucose level. And the body weight, serum lipid profile and activities of liver and kidney enzymes were measured. Histopathological observations of liver sections were also studied.Results: In the case of acute treatment, aqueous extracts of Tinospora bakis(T. bakis), Nauclea latifolia(N. latifolia) and Randia nilotica(R. nilotica) at 400 mg/kg significantly lowered(P < 0.05) blood glucose levels in diabetic rats whereas, chronic treatment of diabetic rats with 400 mg/kg of T. bakis, N. latifolia, R. nilotica and Mitragyna inremis proved to have significant(P < 0.05) antihyperglycemic effect and have the capacity to correct the metabolic disturbances associated with diabetes. Histopathological studies showed that the aqueous extracts of these four plants reinforced the healing of liver. However, Striga hermonthica aqueous extract did not exert any antihyperglycemic effect to diabetic rats. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that T. bakis, N. latifolia, R. nilotica and Mitragyna inremis have therapeutic value in diabetes and related complications and thus supporting the traditional uses of these plants in Sudanese traditional medicine.
文摘Objective: Kratom is widely available and literature exploring the effects of prenatal kratom exposure is lacking. This study aims to report a validated method for the detection of mitragynine in the umbilical cord and report our observations for specimens received at a national commercial reference laboratory. Study Design: Assays were validated according to the recommendations of ANSI/ASB. A retrospective evaluation of records at a national reference laboratory was conducted to determine prevalence and co-exposure to other substances of abuse. Result: Mitragynine was detected in 19 of 4456 specimens (0.43%) with concentrations ranging from 4 to >50 ng/g. Thirteen (13) of these specimens were positive for only mitragynine while the other 6 were also positive for either marijuana or opiates. Conclusion: Umbilical cord is a suitable specimen type for the surveillance of maternal kratom use and can be used to identify exposed neonates for further investigations into short- or long- term health consequences.
文摘Gastroenteritis constitutes a group of diarrheal diseases of infectious origin, responsible for absenteeism from work, morbidity and mortality, especially among aged people. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Mitragyna inermis extracts on the in vitro growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa involved in gastroenteritis. Phytochemical screening was carried out using two distinct methods. The detection of phytochemical compounds by tube coloring and chromatography on a thin layer of silica gel. The sensitivity of organisms was evaluated by the agar well method. The dilution method in liquid medium coupled with spreading on Mueller Hinton agar helped determine the CMB/MIC activity ratios. The investigations show that the extract has the best extraction yield (75.86% ± 0.20%) compared to the aqueous macerated (61.8% ± 0.08%) and decocted (66.6% ± 0.12%). These extracts contain several phytochemical compounds such as flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins, alkaloids, saponosides, coumarins and sterols and terpenes. These substances are endowed with biological activities and could be at the origin of antibacterial activity observed with M. inermis extracts. The analysis of antibacterial activity showed that the germs are sensitive to the extracts with inhibition diameters ranging from 8.30 ± 0.53 to 17.87 ± 0.58 mm. The ethanolic extract was the most active with diameters varying from 15.07 ± 0.62 to 17.87 ± 0.58 mm on all the germs tested. E. coli and S. aureus were the most sensitive germs to the extracts. P. aeruginosa was the least sensitive germ. Activity reports indicate that the extracts exert bactericidal activity on E. coli and S. aureus but bacteriostatic activity on P. aeruginosa. These results justify the use of M. inermis leaves in a traditional environment to treat gastroenteritis.
文摘Microbial transformation of a triterpene glycoside, quinovic acid 3-O-β-D-quinovopyranoside by Streptomyces griseus ACCT 13273 was achieved with the aim of generating new bio-active derivatives. Preparative-scale biotransformation with standard two-stage fermentation protocol afforded a new oxidized metabolite, as a result of the hydroxylation of the methyl group at C-30, which was difficult to achieve by chemical means. The metabolite was elucidated based on extensive NMR and high-resolution mass spectral analyses.
