Spider mites are significant pests in agricultural production.The increasing resistance of spider mites,along with environmental pollution and ecological imbalance caused by their control,is primarily attributed to th...Spider mites are significant pests in agricultural production.The increasing resistance of spider mites,along with environmental pollution and ecological imbalance caused by their control,is primarily attributed to the long-term use of chemical acaricides in agriculture.In contrast,bioactive substances of biological origin offer advantages such as wide availability,environmental friendliness,and low tendency to induce resistance,making them a research hotspot for spider mite control.This review summarizes recent advances in the use of plant-derived active compounds(exemplified by extracts from Veratrum rhizomes),RNA interference(RNAi)technology,and microorganism-derived active substances for controlling spider mites.These bioactive agents exert acaricidal effects by disrupting the nervous system,interfering with metabolic processes,or silencing key genes in mites,demonstrating favorable efficacy and considerable potential for development.However,challenges remain,including poor environmental stability,slow action,high production costs,and insufficient understanding of their effects on non-target organisms.Therefore,future research should focus on the screening and development of novel bioactive substances of biological origin,elucidation of their mechanisms of action,optimization of formulation technologies,and assessment of their ecological safety.These efforts will provide valuable insights for promoting the advancement of bioactive substances and supporting sustainable agricultural development.展开更多
The two-spotted spider mite,Tetranychus urticae Koch,is one of the most harmful pests in many agroecosystems worldwide.To effectively manage this pest,there is an urgent need to develop novel bio-active acaricides tha...The two-spotted spider mite,Tetranychus urticae Koch,is one of the most harmful pests in many agroecosystems worldwide.To effectively manage this pest,there is an urgent need to develop novel bio-active acaricides that support integrated pest management strategies targeting T.urticae.In this study,we explored the acaricidal effects of xenocoumacin 1 (Xcn1) on T.urticae and its predator Neoseiulus californicus using the highly puri?ed compound.Xcn1 was extracted and purified from the cell-free supernatant of the Xenorhabdus nematophila CB6 mutant constructed by the easy promoter activated compound identi?cation (easyPACId) method.When the concentration of Xcn1 exceeded 100μg mL~(–1),the survival rate of spider mite adults declined to below 40%and the fecundity was decreased by 80%at six days post-application.At concentrations of 25 and 50μg mL~(–1),Xcn1 signi?cantly impeded spider mite development by inhibiting the molt.However,neither concentration had any adverse effects on the survival or reproduction of the predatory mite N.californicus.The results from laboratory and semi-?eld experiments consistently demonstrated the effectiveness of the antimicrobial metabolite Xcn1 in controlling pest mites at both the molecular and physiological levels.Our study offers a promising possibility that combines the compatible biocontrol agents of Xcn1 and predatory mites for integrated pest mite control.展开更多
目的通过循证护理学方法,检索、评价并总结尘螨过敏人群的室内环境控制最佳证据,为室内尘螨防控和环境控制提供依据。方法检索BMJ Best Practice、UpToDate、BMJ Clinical Evidence等决策支持系统,国际和国家级指南库,以及Cochrane、Pub...目的通过循证护理学方法,检索、评价并总结尘螨过敏人群的室内环境控制最佳证据,为室内尘螨防控和环境控制提供依据。方法检索BMJ Best Practice、UpToDate、BMJ Clinical Evidence等决策支持系统,国际和国家级指南库,以及Cochrane、PubMed、Embase等数据库。检索关于室内尘螨防控的临床实践指南、证据总结、专家共识、系统评价、Meta分析,检索时限为建库至2023年12月24日。由2名研究者进行文献质量评价和资料提取。结果共纳入17篇文献,包括3篇临床决策、3篇指南、1篇证据总结、1篇专家共识、7篇系统评价和2篇Meta分析,归纳总结了25条最佳证据,主要涵盖以下内容:(1)人群干预:对于尘螨过敏原检测阳性或出现过敏症状的患者,建议采取多种联合措施控制尘螨过敏原;(2)湿度控制:通过除湿机、空调等设备控制室内相对湿度为35%~50%,结合使用湿度计监测;(3)家具和生活用品:建议移除地毯、毛绒玩具等易积尘物品,选择防螨床罩、枕套等过敏原屏障;(4)控螨措施:物理杀螨法(如加热、冷冻)及使用杀螨剂有效降低过敏原浓度;(5)定期使用HEPA吸尘器清洁室内环境;(6)家访与宣教:定期家访和过敏原管理教育可显著降低过敏原暴露并减少过敏症状。结论该研究总结的尘螨过敏性疾病患者室内环境控制最佳证据较为科学、全面,医护人员应根据环境实际、家庭情境对证据进行选择,为患者制订安全、科学、个体化的环境控制计划,以促进患者康复。展开更多
文摘Spider mites are significant pests in agricultural production.The increasing resistance of spider mites,along with environmental pollution and ecological imbalance caused by their control,is primarily attributed to the long-term use of chemical acaricides in agriculture.In contrast,bioactive substances of biological origin offer advantages such as wide availability,environmental friendliness,and low tendency to induce resistance,making them a research hotspot for spider mite control.This review summarizes recent advances in the use of plant-derived active compounds(exemplified by extracts from Veratrum rhizomes),RNA interference(RNAi)technology,and microorganism-derived active substances for controlling spider mites.These bioactive agents exert acaricidal effects by disrupting the nervous system,interfering with metabolic processes,or silencing key genes in mites,demonstrating favorable efficacy and considerable potential for development.However,challenges remain,including poor environmental stability,slow action,high production costs,and insufficient understanding of their effects on non-target organisms.Therefore,future research should focus on the screening and development of novel bioactive substances of biological origin,elucidation of their mechanisms of action,optimization of formulation technologies,and assessment of their ecological safety.These efforts will provide valuable insights for promoting the advancement of bioactive substances and supporting sustainable agricultural development.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32070402)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation,China(6222052)。
文摘The two-spotted spider mite,Tetranychus urticae Koch,is one of the most harmful pests in many agroecosystems worldwide.To effectively manage this pest,there is an urgent need to develop novel bio-active acaricides that support integrated pest management strategies targeting T.urticae.In this study,we explored the acaricidal effects of xenocoumacin 1 (Xcn1) on T.urticae and its predator Neoseiulus californicus using the highly puri?ed compound.Xcn1 was extracted and purified from the cell-free supernatant of the Xenorhabdus nematophila CB6 mutant constructed by the easy promoter activated compound identi?cation (easyPACId) method.When the concentration of Xcn1 exceeded 100μg mL~(–1),the survival rate of spider mite adults declined to below 40%and the fecundity was decreased by 80%at six days post-application.At concentrations of 25 and 50μg mL~(–1),Xcn1 signi?cantly impeded spider mite development by inhibiting the molt.However,neither concentration had any adverse effects on the survival or reproduction of the predatory mite N.californicus.The results from laboratory and semi-?eld experiments consistently demonstrated the effectiveness of the antimicrobial metabolite Xcn1 in controlling pest mites at both the molecular and physiological levels.Our study offers a promising possibility that combines the compatible biocontrol agents of Xcn1 and predatory mites for integrated pest mite control.
文摘目的通过循证护理学方法,检索、评价并总结尘螨过敏人群的室内环境控制最佳证据,为室内尘螨防控和环境控制提供依据。方法检索BMJ Best Practice、UpToDate、BMJ Clinical Evidence等决策支持系统,国际和国家级指南库,以及Cochrane、PubMed、Embase等数据库。检索关于室内尘螨防控的临床实践指南、证据总结、专家共识、系统评价、Meta分析,检索时限为建库至2023年12月24日。由2名研究者进行文献质量评价和资料提取。结果共纳入17篇文献,包括3篇临床决策、3篇指南、1篇证据总结、1篇专家共识、7篇系统评价和2篇Meta分析,归纳总结了25条最佳证据,主要涵盖以下内容:(1)人群干预:对于尘螨过敏原检测阳性或出现过敏症状的患者,建议采取多种联合措施控制尘螨过敏原;(2)湿度控制:通过除湿机、空调等设备控制室内相对湿度为35%~50%,结合使用湿度计监测;(3)家具和生活用品:建议移除地毯、毛绒玩具等易积尘物品,选择防螨床罩、枕套等过敏原屏障;(4)控螨措施:物理杀螨法(如加热、冷冻)及使用杀螨剂有效降低过敏原浓度;(5)定期使用HEPA吸尘器清洁室内环境;(6)家访与宣教:定期家访和过敏原管理教育可显著降低过敏原暴露并减少过敏症状。结论该研究总结的尘螨过敏性疾病患者室内环境控制最佳证据较为科学、全面,医护人员应根据环境实际、家庭情境对证据进行选择,为患者制订安全、科学、个体化的环境控制计划,以促进患者康复。
