To address the inherent trade-off between mechanical strength and repair efficiency in conventional microcapsule-based self-healing technologies,this study presents an eggshell-inspired approach for fabricating high-l...To address the inherent trade-off between mechanical strength and repair efficiency in conventional microcapsule-based self-healing technologies,this study presents an eggshell-inspired approach for fabricating high-load rigid porous microcapsules(HLRPMs)through subcritical water etching.By optimizing the subcritical water treatment parameters(OH−concentration:0.031 mol/L,tem-perature:240°C,duration:1.5 h),nanoscale through-holes were generated on hollow glass microspheres(shell thickness≈700 nm).The subsequent gradient pressure infiltration of flaxseed oil enabled a record-high core content of 88.2%.Systematic investigations demonstrated that incorporating 3 wt%HLRPMs into epoxy resin composites preserved excellent dielectric properties(breakdown strength≥30 kV/mm)and enhanced tensile strength by 7.52%.In addressing multimodal damage,the system achieved a 95.5%filling efficiency for mechanical scratches,a 97.0%reduction in frictional damage depth,and a 96.2%recovery of insulation following electrical treeing.This biomimetic microcapsule system concurrently improved self-healing capability and matrix performance,offering a promising strategy for the development of next-generation smart insulating materials.展开更多
Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)play a critical role in reducing carbon emissions in the automotive industry.However,they face challenges related to safety and performance failures.Smart technologies offer a promising solu...Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)play a critical role in reducing carbon emissions in the automotive industry.However,they face challenges related to safety and performance failures.Smart technologies offer a promising solution to address these issues.Bioinspired microcapsules are a common approach to enhancing the performance and safety of smart LIBs.However,despite their potential,this area has not been thoroughly explored.This review provides an overview of the preparation methods for microcapsules,including physical,chemical,and physicochemical techniques.These microcapsules are categorized based on their mechanisms into electrode self-healing burst microcapsules,interphase-forming sustained-release microcapsules,live-lithium sustained-release microcapsules,and flame-retardant burst microcapsules.A comprehensive analysis of their bioinspired design concepts,mechanisms,and performance is presented,along with the design criteria for microcapsules suitable for LIBs.Finally,the review explores the potential applications of microcapsule technologies in LIBs and their future trends,such as enhancing existing technologies for novel applications like solid-state batteries and developing new types of microcapsules.This review aims to provide a foundation for the implementation of microcapsule technologies in LIBs and to highlight the latest advancements in smart batteries.展开更多
The self-healing properties of dual-component epoxy microcapsules are evaluated when incorporated into an epoxy coating.The performance of the coating was assessed under immersion in a saline solution,simulating seawa...The self-healing properties of dual-component epoxy microcapsules are evaluated when incorporated into an epoxy coating.The performance of the coating was assessed under immersion in a saline solution,simulating seawater conditions.Initially,synthesized microcapsules are incorporated into the epoxy coating.Then,the self-healing capabilities of the coating are studied under immersion using scanning vibrating electrode technique(SVET),open circuit potential(OCP),electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)and immersion corrosion test on coated samples with intentionally created artificial defects.The last three tests were conducted in a 3.5%NaCl solution.The adhesion of the coating is also studied by pull-off adhesion test.SVET analyses reveal lower ionic current densities in coated samples containing microcapsules during 24 h of immersion.EIS results demonstrate self-healing at the defect site for up to 12 h of immersion.After this time,the corrosion protection diminishes with prolonged immersion in the saline solution.Despite this,the coating with the microcapsules exhibits decrease in the corrosion process compared to the coating without the microcapsules.These results are consistent and complement the outcomes of the immersion tests conducted over 360 and 1056 h,which indicate that coated samples without microcapsules exhibit double the corroded areas around the scribes compared to coated samples containing the microcapsules.These findings offer a promising outlook for applying this coating on offshore carbon steel structures under immersion aiming for a longer lifetime with less maintenance intervention.展开更多
Al-Si alloy,a high temperature phase change material,has great potential in thermal management due to its advantages of high heat storage density and thermal conductivity.Microencapsulation of Al-Si alloy is one of th...Al-Si alloy,a high temperature phase change material,has great potential in thermal management due to its advantages of high heat storage density and thermal conductivity.Microencapsulation of Al-Si alloy is one of the effective techniques to solve high temperature leakage and corrosion.In this paper,commercial Al-10Si alloy micro powders were encapsulated with flexible ceramic shells whose total thickness is below 1μm by hydrothermal treatment and heat treatment in N_(2) atmosphere.The compositions and microstructures were characterized by XRD,SEM and TEM.The shell was composed of AlN fibers network structure embedded withα-Al_(2)O_(3)/AlN which prevented the alloy from leaking and oxidizing,as well as had excellent thermal stability.The latent heat of microcapsules was 351.8 J g^(-1)for absorption and 372.7 J g^(-1)for exothermic.The microcapsules showed near zero thermal performance loss with latent heat storage(LHS)/release(LHR)was 353.2/403.7 J g^(-1)after 3000 cycles.Compared with the published Al-Si alloy microcapsules,both high heat storage density and super thermal cycle stability were achieved,showing promising development prospects in high temperature thermal management.展开更多
In the last three decades,carbon dioxide(CO_(2)) emissions have shown a significant increase from various sources.To address this pressing issue,the importance of reducing CO_(2) emissions has grown,leading to increas...In the last three decades,carbon dioxide(CO_(2)) emissions have shown a significant increase from various sources.To address this pressing issue,the importance of reducing CO_(2) emissions has grown,leading to increased attention toward carbon capture,utilization,and storage strategies.Among these strategies,monodisperse microcapsules,produced by using droplet microfluidics,have emerged as promising tools for carbon capture,offering a potential solution to mitigate CO_(2) emissions.However,the limited yield of microcapsules due to the inherent low flow rate in droplet microfluidics remains a challenge.In this comprehensive review,the high-throughput production of carbon capture microcapsules using droplet microfluidics is focused on.Specifically,the detailed insights into microfluidic chip fabrication technologies,the microfluidic generation of emulsion droplets,along with the associated hydrodynamic considerations,and the generation of carbon capture microcapsules through droplet microfluidics are provided.This review highlights the substantial potential of droplet microfluidics as a promising technique for large-scale carbon capture microcapsule production,which could play a significant role in achieving carbon neutralization and emission reduction goals.展开更多
Harmful algal blooms(HABs)resulting from eutrophication pose a major threat to ecosystems and human health,necessitating effective control measures.Allelochemicals have shown their importance in slowing down algal pro...Harmful algal blooms(HABs)resulting from eutrophication pose a major threat to ecosystems and human health,necessitating effective control measures.Allelochemicals have shown their importance in slowing down algal proliferation due to their proven efficacy and low ecological impacts.In this study,allelopathy tea polyphenols(TPs)andβ-cyclodextrin were combined to prepare slow-release algicidal microcapsules,and the diversity of microbial community in the algal inhibition process was analyzed.Results showed that TP slow-release microcapsules had strong algicidal activity.When against Microcystis aeruginosa within 20 d,their constant inhibitory rate was up to 99%compared to the control group.Microbial diversity decreased with an increase in algae density,and the species richness and diversity of algae increased under the stress of TP slow-release microcapsules.The redundancy analysis showed that the environmental factors with impacts on the abundance and diversity of bacterial communities in descending order were dissolved oxygen,pH,and temperature.This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of TP slow-release microcapsules to actual water.展开更多
Pesticide-loaded flexible carriers that allow for deformation and adhesion on crop leaves is an effective way to improve pesticide utilization.In interfacial polymerization,the addition of octaphenyl polyoxyethylene(O...Pesticide-loaded flexible carriers that allow for deformation and adhesion on crop leaves is an effective way to improve pesticide utilization.In interfacial polymerization,the addition of octaphenyl polyoxyethylene(OP)with different hydrophile lipophilic balances(HLBs)into the oil phase can regulate the flexibility of pyraclostrobinloaded microcapsules(MCs).Due to differences in amphiphilicity and molecular structure,OP redistributed on the oil-water two-phases and oil-water interface.With increasing HLB,the proportion of OP entering the aqueous phase increased.Furthermore,more OP with low HLB remained in the oil phase and occupied the oil-water interface,and these OPs participated in and regulated the interfacial polymerization to increase the thickness,reduce the compactness of the shell,and increase the hydroxyl and ether bond contents in the shell.Therefore,pyraclostrobin-loaded MCs with low HLB(11.5-12.5)OP-7 exhibited flexible deformation,strong foliar adhesion,good scouring resistance,and a high control effect on peanut leaf spot,which the disease severity was 3.67.For high HLB(16),OP-21-prepared MCs with compact shells were safer to zebrafish,which the safety index was 23.81.Using the amphiphilicity of OP molecules to drive their redistribution in an encapsulation system to regulate interfacial polymerization is an effective way to control the structure and performance of pesticideloaded MCs.展开更多
Aim A RP- HPLC method for determination of lycopene in microcapsules was established. Methods The HPLC assay was performed on an Alltima Cls （4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5μm） column with a mixture of methanol-THF-water ...Aim A RP- HPLC method for determination of lycopene in microcapsules was established. Methods The HPLC assay was performed on an Alltima Cls （4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5μm） column with a mixture of methanol-THF-water （66：30：4, V/V/V） as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.5 mL·min^-1 and the UV detection wavelength was 472 nm. Results The linear range of lycopene was 3.6-18 μg·mL^-1, r = 0.999 8, the average recovery was from 99.81% to 101.06% with RSD less than 1.83%. The RSD of intra-day and interday precision were less than 3.34%. Conclusion The method is simple, accurate and suitable for the determination of lycopene in microcapsules.展开更多
Aim PLA/PLGA was used as biodegradable and biocompatible carriers to achieve sustained release of estradiol (E 2). Methods Microcapsules (MC) were prepared by an emulsification solvent extraction method, and then ...Aim PLA/PLGA was used as biodegradable and biocompatible carriers to achieve sustained release of estradiol (E 2). Methods Microcapsules (MC) were prepared by an emulsification solvent extraction method, and then the properties and in vitro drug release behavior of MC were examined. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the statistical significance. Then, multiple comparisons were made with a T method between levels to examine the significance of difference further. For all the results a P value 】0 05 was considered statistically insignificant . Results Under the same conditions, the water adding speed and the particle size had significant effects ( P 【0 01) on the entrapment efficiency of MC; the water adding speed and the concentration of PLA in the oil phase had significant effects ( P 【0 01) on the diameter MC in medium. Release of E 2 from MC was influenced significantly ( P 【0 01) by the water adding speed and the type and molecule weight of the polymers. But the differences between levels of the variates were not all significant. Conclusion E 2 PLA/PLGA MC with various properties can be formed when the formulation and the technology were changed accordingly.展开更多
For the purpose of overcoming the lack of durability problems associated with superhydrophobic surfaces which hitherto has limited their use;we prepared multi-stimuli wettability response coatings using a mixture of f...For the purpose of overcoming the lack of durability problems associated with superhydrophobic surfaces which hitherto has limited their use;we prepared multi-stimuli wettability response coatings using a mixture of fluorocarbon resin and urea-formaldehyde microcapsules filled with fluorosilane via interfacial polymerization process.The microcapsules are of good thermal stability and can be triggered to release their core content on exposure to atmospheric conditions resulting in the increase in the water contact angle from 97°to 151°.The prepared coatings gave good adhesion strength,and also showed an increase in the hydrophobic property after undergoing scratch,solvent and UV accelerated aging test.In addition,they offered good self-healing of the hydrophobic property after an initial loss due to alkaline immersion and oxygen plasma etching.The electrochemical measurements revealed a remarkable impedance recovery and suppression of corrosion activities,suggesting them to be a potential candidate material for corrosion protection.展开更多
Fabrication of biocompatible core-shell microcapsules in a controllable and scalable manner remains an important but challenging task.Here,we develop a one-step microfluidic approach for the highthroughput production ...Fabrication of biocompatible core-shell microcapsules in a controllable and scalable manner remains an important but challenging task.Here,we develop a one-step microfluidic approach for the highthroughput production of biocompatible microcapsules,which utilizes single emulsions as templates and controls the precipitation of biocompatible polymer at the water/oil interface.The facile method enables the loading of various oils in the core and the enhancement of polymer shell strength by polyelectrolyte coating.The resulting microcapsules have the advantages of controllability,scalability,biocompatibility,high encapsulation efficiency and high loading capacity.The core-shell microcapsules are ideal delivery vehicles for programmable active release and various controlled release mechanisms are demonstrated,including burst release by vigorous shaking,pH-triggered release for targeted intestinal release and sustained release of perfume over a long period of time.The utility of our technique paves the way for practical applications of core-shell microcapsules.展开更多
The self-healing microcapsules can be buried in the coating to improve the anticorrosive ability.In this paper,self-healing microcapsules of polyurea(PU)/melamine resin(MF)double shell were prepared by in-situ polymer...The self-healing microcapsules can be buried in the coating to improve the anticorrosive ability.In this paper,self-healing microcapsules of polyurea(PU)/melamine resin(MF)double shell were prepared by in-situ polymerization and interfacial polymerization with isocyanate as the core material.Scanning electron microscope was used to observe the microcapsule morphology.The structures of microcapsules prepared with different chain extenders were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The micromanipulation system was used to loading–holding,loading–unloading and loading to rupture individual microcapsules,so as to explore the mechanical properties of microcapsules.The Young’s modulus corresponding to microcapsules was calculated by mathematical model fitting.The self-healing properties of microcapsule coating were characterized by optical microscope.The experimental results showed that the microcapsule shell prepared under optimized conditions had a complete morphology and good mechanical properties.The microcapsule was in the elastic deformation stage under small deformation,and the plastic deformation stage under large deformation.The Young’s modulus range of microcapsules was 9.29–14.51 MPa,and the corresponding Young’s modulus could be prepared by adjusting the process.The surface crack of the coating containing microcapsule could heal itself after48 h in a humid environment.展开更多
Immobilization biocatalysis is a potential technology to improve the activity and stability of biocatalysts in nonaqueous systems for efficient industrial production.Alginate-chitosan(AC)microcapsules were prepared as...Immobilization biocatalysis is a potential technology to improve the activity and stability of biocatalysts in nonaqueous systems for efficient industrial production.Alginate-chitosan(AC)microcapsules were prepared as immobilization carriers by emulsifi cation-internal gelation and complexation reaction,and their contribution on facilitating the growth and metabolism of yeast cells were testifi ed successfully in culture medium-solvent biphasic systems.The cell growth in AC microcapsules is superior to that in alginate beads,and the cells in both immobilization carriers maintain much higher activity than free cells,which demonstrates AC microcapsules can confer yeast cells the ability to resist the adverse effect of solvent.Moreover,the performance of AC microcapsules in biphasic systems could be improved by adjusting the formation of outer polyelectrolyte complex(PEC)membrane to promote the cell growth and metabolic ability under the balance of resisting solvent toxicity and permitting substrate diffusion.Therefore,these findings are quite valuable for applying AC microcapsules as novel immobilization carriers to realize the biotransformation of value-added products in aqueous-solvent biphasic systems.展开更多
The microcapsules with cores of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid tetrasodium salt(Na4-EDTA)and walls of polyurea were synthesized via an interfacial polycondensation reaction with 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate as an oil-s...The microcapsules with cores of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid tetrasodium salt(Na4-EDTA)and walls of polyurea were synthesized via an interfacial polycondensation reaction with 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate as an oil-soluble monomer and diethyl triamine as a water-soluble monomer.Various manufacturing parameters,including the amount of emulsifier,agitation speed,stirring time and ratios of the wall materials to core materials,were altered to optimize process variables during the synthesis of microcapsules,and the effects of these parameters on the characteristics of the microcapsules were examined.The structure,morphology,mean particle size and size distribution were characterized by optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy(SEM),showing that the mean diameter of optimal microspheres was approximately 6μm,and microcapsules were spherical.In vitro release of Na4-EDTA from these microcapsules was performed in distilled water.Under the optimal preparation conditions, the Na4-EDTA release profiles were biphasic with a burst release followed by a gradual release phase.After an initial burst,a continuous Na4-EDTA release was up to 5-7 days.The optimal synthesis conditions for the microcapsules with stable,good morphology and good controlled-release properties were as follows:emulsifier Span-80 10% (by mass),agitation speed 900 r·min1,stirring time 30 min,and the ratio of the wall materials to core materials 0.15.展开更多
One-component, catalyst-free self-healing coatings with double-shelled polymer microcapsules have drawn considerable attention due to wide applications. In this work, the synthesis parameters of double-shelled polymer...One-component, catalyst-free self-healing coatings with double-shelled polymer microcapsules have drawn considerable attention due to wide applications. In this work, the synthesis parameters of double-shelled polymer microcapsules and the mechanism of the self-healing process were systematically investigated. Apart from the chemical structure of the microcapsule shell, the shell thickness, the microcapsule size,and the core fraction could affect the self-healing anticorrosion properties. The synthesis parameters were further optimized in terms of the agitation rate, p H, weight ratio of core to shell, and temperature. Under these conditions, the microcapsule shell consisting of a rough surface formed by poly(urea-formaldehyde) and a smooth inner wall by polyurethane was prepared. The size of the microcapsules and core fraction were calculated to be approximately 30 μm and 75%, respectively. The self-healing anticorrosion coating incorporating as-synthesized microcapsules exhibited corrosion resistance in artificially scratched areas, which was further characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.展开更多
Environmental cleaning is an important aspect of bacteria control.Ethyl cellulose microcapsules containing potassium monopersulfate(PMCM)were prepared by emulsified solvent diffusion method.The chemical structure and ...Environmental cleaning is an important aspect of bacteria control.Ethyl cellulose microcapsules containing potassium monopersulfate(PMCM)were prepared by emulsified solvent diffusion method.The chemical structure and microstructure of the obtained PMCM was characterized by methods of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy and X-ACT energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.The SEM micrographs of the PMCM containing 21.6%of C,46.8%of O,10.7%of S and 19.4%of K was relatively smooth.Thermal stability,sustained release performance,and antimicrobial activity of PMCM were investigated.The results showed that the drug loading and encapsulation efficiency of PMCM were 30.3%and 42.6%respectively.Potassium monopersulfate was fully released after 8 h,following a Fickian diffusion mechanism.Results showed that the microcapsules prepared with a high concentration of potassium monopersulfate solution showed a good antimicrobial effect.The microcapsule wall of the resulting PMCM increased with increasing ethyl cellulose content and had high thermal stability from the data of 69%residue rate.The excellent thermal stability and high sustained release performance of PMCM showed high application value.展开更多
Microencapsulation of neroline inside microcapsules having a polyurethane shell based onβ-cyclodextrin(β-CD)and hexane diisocyanate was performed by interfacial polycondensation.The polyol nature ofβ-CD caused tigh...Microencapsulation of neroline inside microcapsules having a polyurethane shell based onβ-cyclodextrin(β-CD)and hexane diisocyanate was performed by interfacial polycondensation.The polyol nature ofβ-CD caused tight crosslinking of microcapsules wall.Microcapsules of neroline were characterized for their chemical composition and structure of the polyurethane shell by FTIR spectroscopy,thermogravimetric analysis,optical and electron microscopy,light scattering and electrophoresis measurements.Core content and encapsulation yield were 15%and 60%,respectively.Spherical microcapsules of mean diameter 29μm were slightly cationic with an isoelectric point of 6.3.Neroline-loaded microcapsules were fixed on cotton fabric using an impregnation technique.The functionalized fabric showed improved resistance to washing cycles in comparison with previously reported diol-based microcapsules.Such microcapsules display great potential for the long-lasting release of fragrance in the framework of cosmetotextile.展开更多
Hypoxia is a typical characteristic of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), which causes tremendous obstacles to tumor treatments. Current first-line treatment may further deteriorate tumor hypoxia. For example,Lenvatinib, ...Hypoxia is a typical characteristic of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), which causes tremendous obstacles to tumor treatments. Current first-line treatment may further deteriorate tumor hypoxia. For example,Lenvatinib, a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor(RTKI), suppresses tumor growth via blocking vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) signaling, and can also inhibit angiogenesis, thus limiting oxygen supply to tumor sites. Therefore, alleviating tumor microenvironment(TME) hypoxia holds great potential for enhancing the therapeutic effect of RTKI. Here, nanoparticle-stabilized oxygen microcapsules, a stable and biocompatible oxygen-loaded delivery system, are successfully prepared through interfacial polymerization of polydopamine nanoparticles. The microcapsules with a large loading capacity of oxygen in the core show excellent bioavailability and dispersity, which could effectively improve the hypoxic TME when they serve as oxygen delivery vehicles. Synergetic treatments of Lenvatinib and oxygen microcapsules could induce the transition of “cold tumor” in an immune-suppressed state to “hot tumor” in an immune-activated state by improving tumor hypoxic TME and reducing angiogenesis in HCC. It is revealed that combined treatments of oxygen microcapsules and Lenvatinib could polarize tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs) to anti-tumor M1 cells and activate T cell-mediated anti-tumor immune responses.The results suggest that synergetic therapy using oxygen microcapsules and Lenvatinib could alleviate the hypoxic TME and enhance the therapeutic performance of RTKI, demonstrating a promising anti-tumor strategy for enhanced therapy of HCC.展开更多
Poly(urea-formaldehyde)(PUF)microcapsules were prepared by in-situ polymerization with four different pro-cesses in this paper.The chemical composition,surface morphology,particle size distribution,and thermal sta-bil...Poly(urea-formaldehyde)(PUF)microcapsules were prepared by in-situ polymerization with four different pro-cesses in this paper.The chemical composition,surface morphology,particle size distribution,and thermal sta-bility were characterized by FTIR,SEM,particle size analyzer,and TGA,respectively.The results demonstrated that the agglomeration of the PUF microcapsules was related to the agglomeration of the emulsion particles caused by the changes of emulsion interface during the shell polymerization.Due to the slow deposition of the shell material,the PUF microcapsules with the core-shell structure prepared by the process with ammonium chloride as the last additive showed good dispersibility with an average diameter of 6.36μm,high core content of 71.3 wt%,and high yield of 61.3 wt%.The PUF microcapsules had good thermal stability below 216?C.The PUF microcapsules could be uniformly dispersed in the epoxy coating in a single form.The epoxy coating with 2 wt%PUF microcapsules showed good self-healing property,and the service life of the coating was about doubled.展开更多
Silver nanoparticles(Ag NPs)are an effective antibacterial agent,but their application in food packaging is limited due to their easy agglomeration and oxidation.In this study,antibacterial microcapsules were fabricat...Silver nanoparticles(Ag NPs)are an effective antibacterial agent,but their application in food packaging is limited due to their easy agglomeration and oxidation.In this study,antibacterial microcapsules were fabricated using Ginkgo biloba essential oil(GBEO)as core material and chitosan and type B gelatin biopolymer as capsule mate-rials.These antibacterial microcapsules were then modified with green-synthesized Ag NPs,blended into the bio-polymer polylactic acid(PLA),and finally formed as films.Physicochemical properties and antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli(E.coli)and Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)were evaluated.Results showed that the prepared antibacterial PLA films exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against foodborne pathogens.Its TVC exceeded the limit value of 7 log CFU/g at 7 days compared with the 5 days of pure PLA films.Therefore,these films can extend the shelf life of grass carp fillets by 2–3 days under refrigeration.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52377133 and 52077014)the Youth Talent Support Program of Chongqing(CQYC2021058945)the General Program of the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing Municipality(CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0444).
文摘To address the inherent trade-off between mechanical strength and repair efficiency in conventional microcapsule-based self-healing technologies,this study presents an eggshell-inspired approach for fabricating high-load rigid porous microcapsules(HLRPMs)through subcritical water etching.By optimizing the subcritical water treatment parameters(OH−concentration:0.031 mol/L,tem-perature:240°C,duration:1.5 h),nanoscale through-holes were generated on hollow glass microspheres(shell thickness≈700 nm).The subsequent gradient pressure infiltration of flaxseed oil enabled a record-high core content of 88.2%.Systematic investigations demonstrated that incorporating 3 wt%HLRPMs into epoxy resin composites preserved excellent dielectric properties(breakdown strength≥30 kV/mm)and enhanced tensile strength by 7.52%.In addressing multimodal damage,the system achieved a 95.5%filling efficiency for mechanical scratches,a 97.0%reduction in frictional damage depth,and a 96.2%recovery of insulation following electrical treeing.This biomimetic microcapsule system concurrently improved self-healing capability and matrix performance,offering a promising strategy for the development of next-generation smart insulating materials.
基金supported by the Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Development Plan Project(No.20220508003RC)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52202440,52003012)。
文摘Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)play a critical role in reducing carbon emissions in the automotive industry.However,they face challenges related to safety and performance failures.Smart technologies offer a promising solution to address these issues.Bioinspired microcapsules are a common approach to enhancing the performance and safety of smart LIBs.However,despite their potential,this area has not been thoroughly explored.This review provides an overview of the preparation methods for microcapsules,including physical,chemical,and physicochemical techniques.These microcapsules are categorized based on their mechanisms into electrode self-healing burst microcapsules,interphase-forming sustained-release microcapsules,live-lithium sustained-release microcapsules,and flame-retardant burst microcapsules.A comprehensive analysis of their bioinspired design concepts,mechanisms,and performance is presented,along with the design criteria for microcapsules suitable for LIBs.Finally,the review explores the potential applications of microcapsule technologies in LIBs and their future trends,such as enhancing existing technologies for novel applications like solid-state batteries and developing new types of microcapsules.This review aims to provide a foundation for the implementation of microcapsule technologies in LIBs and to highlight the latest advancements in smart batteries.
基金supported by CAPES scholarship-Brazil Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel(No.88887.507764/2020-00)]by CNPq-Brazil National Council of Technological and Scientific Development(No.308564/2023-5).
文摘The self-healing properties of dual-component epoxy microcapsules are evaluated when incorporated into an epoxy coating.The performance of the coating was assessed under immersion in a saline solution,simulating seawater conditions.Initially,synthesized microcapsules are incorporated into the epoxy coating.Then,the self-healing capabilities of the coating are studied under immersion using scanning vibrating electrode technique(SVET),open circuit potential(OCP),electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)and immersion corrosion test on coated samples with intentionally created artificial defects.The last three tests were conducted in a 3.5%NaCl solution.The adhesion of the coating is also studied by pull-off adhesion test.SVET analyses reveal lower ionic current densities in coated samples containing microcapsules during 24 h of immersion.EIS results demonstrate self-healing at the defect site for up to 12 h of immersion.After this time,the corrosion protection diminishes with prolonged immersion in the saline solution.Despite this,the coating with the microcapsules exhibits decrease in the corrosion process compared to the coating without the microcapsules.These results are consistent and complement the outcomes of the immersion tests conducted over 360 and 1056 h,which indicate that coated samples without microcapsules exhibit double the corroded areas around the scribes compared to coated samples containing the microcapsules.These findings offer a promising outlook for applying this coating on offshore carbon steel structures under immersion aiming for a longer lifetime with less maintenance intervention.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52072276)Hubei Important Project on Science and Technology(No.2022BECO20).
文摘Al-Si alloy,a high temperature phase change material,has great potential in thermal management due to its advantages of high heat storage density and thermal conductivity.Microencapsulation of Al-Si alloy is one of the effective techniques to solve high temperature leakage and corrosion.In this paper,commercial Al-10Si alloy micro powders were encapsulated with flexible ceramic shells whose total thickness is below 1μm by hydrothermal treatment and heat treatment in N_(2) atmosphere.The compositions and microstructures were characterized by XRD,SEM and TEM.The shell was composed of AlN fibers network structure embedded withα-Al_(2)O_(3)/AlN which prevented the alloy from leaking and oxidizing,as well as had excellent thermal stability.The latent heat of microcapsules was 351.8 J g^(-1)for absorption and 372.7 J g^(-1)for exothermic.The microcapsules showed near zero thermal performance loss with latent heat storage(LHS)/release(LHR)was 353.2/403.7 J g^(-1)after 3000 cycles.Compared with the published Al-Si alloy microcapsules,both high heat storage density and super thermal cycle stability were achieved,showing promising development prospects in high temperature thermal management.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.52036006)。
文摘In the last three decades,carbon dioxide(CO_(2)) emissions have shown a significant increase from various sources.To address this pressing issue,the importance of reducing CO_(2) emissions has grown,leading to increased attention toward carbon capture,utilization,and storage strategies.Among these strategies,monodisperse microcapsules,produced by using droplet microfluidics,have emerged as promising tools for carbon capture,offering a potential solution to mitigate CO_(2) emissions.However,the limited yield of microcapsules due to the inherent low flow rate in droplet microfluidics remains a challenge.In this comprehensive review,the high-throughput production of carbon capture microcapsules using droplet microfluidics is focused on.Specifically,the detailed insights into microfluidic chip fabrication technologies,the microfluidic generation of emulsion droplets,along with the associated hydrodynamic considerations,and the generation of carbon capture microcapsules through droplet microfluidics are provided.This review highlights the substantial potential of droplet microfluidics as a promising technique for large-scale carbon capture microcapsule production,which could play a significant role in achieving carbon neutralization and emission reduction goals.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(Grants No.2023YFC3208900 and 2023YFC3208904)the Jiangsu Water Resources Conservancy Science and Technology Project(Grant No.2022063).
文摘Harmful algal blooms(HABs)resulting from eutrophication pose a major threat to ecosystems and human health,necessitating effective control measures.Allelochemicals have shown their importance in slowing down algal proliferation due to their proven efficacy and low ecological impacts.In this study,allelopathy tea polyphenols(TPs)andβ-cyclodextrin were combined to prepare slow-release algicidal microcapsules,and the diversity of microbial community in the algal inhibition process was analyzed.Results showed that TP slow-release microcapsules had strong algicidal activity.When against Microcystis aeruginosa within 20 d,their constant inhibitory rate was up to 99%compared to the control group.Microbial diversity decreased with an increase in algae density,and the species richness and diversity of algae increased under the stress of TP slow-release microcapsules.The redundancy analysis showed that the environmental factors with impacts on the abundance and diversity of bacterial communities in descending order were dissolved oxygen,pH,and temperature.This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of TP slow-release microcapsules to actual water.
基金supported by the National Natural Science of China(32272596)Key Research Development Program of Shandong Province(2022CXGC020710)+2 种基金Shandong Province Agricultural Major Technology Collaborative Promotion Plan(SDNYXTTG-2023-20)Central Publicinterest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(No.1610232023005)Major technology projects[110202201029(LS-13)].
文摘Pesticide-loaded flexible carriers that allow for deformation and adhesion on crop leaves is an effective way to improve pesticide utilization.In interfacial polymerization,the addition of octaphenyl polyoxyethylene(OP)with different hydrophile lipophilic balances(HLBs)into the oil phase can regulate the flexibility of pyraclostrobinloaded microcapsules(MCs).Due to differences in amphiphilicity and molecular structure,OP redistributed on the oil-water two-phases and oil-water interface.With increasing HLB,the proportion of OP entering the aqueous phase increased.Furthermore,more OP with low HLB remained in the oil phase and occupied the oil-water interface,and these OPs participated in and regulated the interfacial polymerization to increase the thickness,reduce the compactness of the shell,and increase the hydroxyl and ether bond contents in the shell.Therefore,pyraclostrobin-loaded MCs with low HLB(11.5-12.5)OP-7 exhibited flexible deformation,strong foliar adhesion,good scouring resistance,and a high control effect on peanut leaf spot,which the disease severity was 3.67.For high HLB(16),OP-21-prepared MCs with compact shells were safer to zebrafish,which the safety index was 23.81.Using the amphiphilicity of OP molecules to drive their redistribution in an encapsulation system to regulate interfacial polymerization is an effective way to control the structure and performance of pesticideloaded MCs.
基金Special Research Foundation of Ph.D. Study in University(20040291004)Major Project of Chinese(National Programs for Fundamental Research(2003CB716000)
文摘Aim A RP- HPLC method for determination of lycopene in microcapsules was established. Methods The HPLC assay was performed on an Alltima Cls （4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5μm） column with a mixture of methanol-THF-water （66：30：4, V/V/V） as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.5 mL·min^-1 and the UV detection wavelength was 472 nm. Results The linear range of lycopene was 3.6-18 μg·mL^-1, r = 0.999 8, the average recovery was from 99.81% to 101.06% with RSD less than 1.83%. The RSD of intra-day and interday precision were less than 3.34%. Conclusion The method is simple, accurate and suitable for the determination of lycopene in microcapsules.
文摘Aim PLA/PLGA was used as biodegradable and biocompatible carriers to achieve sustained release of estradiol (E 2). Methods Microcapsules (MC) were prepared by an emulsification solvent extraction method, and then the properties and in vitro drug release behavior of MC were examined. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the statistical significance. Then, multiple comparisons were made with a T method between levels to examine the significance of difference further. For all the results a P value 】0 05 was considered statistically insignificant . Results Under the same conditions, the water adding speed and the particle size had significant effects ( P 【0 01) on the entrapment efficiency of MC; the water adding speed and the concentration of PLA in the oil phase had significant effects ( P 【0 01) on the diameter MC in medium. Release of E 2 from MC was influenced significantly ( P 【0 01) by the water adding speed and the type and molecule weight of the polymers. But the differences between levels of the variates were not all significant. Conclusion E 2 PLA/PLGA MC with various properties can be formed when the formulation and the technology were changed accordingly.
基金financial support from the Shenyang Science and Technology Plan Project(Y17-1-039)。
文摘For the purpose of overcoming the lack of durability problems associated with superhydrophobic surfaces which hitherto has limited their use;we prepared multi-stimuli wettability response coatings using a mixture of fluorocarbon resin and urea-formaldehyde microcapsules filled with fluorosilane via interfacial polymerization process.The microcapsules are of good thermal stability and can be triggered to release their core content on exposure to atmospheric conditions resulting in the increase in the water contact angle from 97°to 151°.The prepared coatings gave good adhesion strength,and also showed an increase in the hydrophobic property after undergoing scratch,solvent and UV accelerated aging test.In addition,they offered good self-healing of the hydrophobic property after an initial loss due to alkaline immersion and oxygen plasma etching.The electrochemical measurements revealed a remarkable impedance recovery and suppression of corrosion activities,suggesting them to be a potential candidate material for corrosion protection.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.21878258 and 11704331)"theFundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities" (No. 2018QNA4046)+2 种基金the Youth Funds of the State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems (Zhejiang University)supported by the National Science Foundation (No. DMR-1310266)the Harvard Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (No.DMR-1420570)
文摘Fabrication of biocompatible core-shell microcapsules in a controllable and scalable manner remains an important but challenging task.Here,we develop a one-step microfluidic approach for the highthroughput production of biocompatible microcapsules,which utilizes single emulsions as templates and controls the precipitation of biocompatible polymer at the water/oil interface.The facile method enables the loading of various oils in the core and the enhancement of polymer shell strength by polyelectrolyte coating.The resulting microcapsules have the advantages of controllability,scalability,biocompatibility,high encapsulation efficiency and high loading capacity.The core-shell microcapsules are ideal delivery vehicles for programmable active release and various controlled release mechanisms are demonstrated,including burst release by vigorous shaking,pH-triggered release for targeted intestinal release and sustained release of perfume over a long period of time.The utility of our technique paves the way for practical applications of core-shell microcapsules.
基金Supported by State Key Laboratory of Advanced Power Transmission Technology(GEIRI-SKL-2018-005)Guangzhou Major Industrial Technology Research Plan(201802010022)Guangzhou Science and Technology Project(201710010186)。
文摘The self-healing microcapsules can be buried in the coating to improve the anticorrosive ability.In this paper,self-healing microcapsules of polyurea(PU)/melamine resin(MF)double shell were prepared by in-situ polymerization and interfacial polymerization with isocyanate as the core material.Scanning electron microscope was used to observe the microcapsule morphology.The structures of microcapsules prepared with different chain extenders were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The micromanipulation system was used to loading–holding,loading–unloading and loading to rupture individual microcapsules,so as to explore the mechanical properties of microcapsules.The Young’s modulus corresponding to microcapsules was calculated by mathematical model fitting.The self-healing properties of microcapsule coating were characterized by optical microscope.The experimental results showed that the microcapsule shell prepared under optimized conditions had a complete morphology and good mechanical properties.The microcapsule was in the elastic deformation stage under small deformation,and the plastic deformation stage under large deformation.The Young’s modulus range of microcapsules was 9.29–14.51 MPa,and the corresponding Young’s modulus could be prepared by adjusting the process.The surface crack of the coating containing microcapsule could heal itself after48 h in a humid environment.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21276033)the Open Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Seaweed Substances(Nos.SKL-BASS1707,SKL-BASS1711)the Liaoning Provincial BaiQianWan Talents Program(No.2017-6)
文摘Immobilization biocatalysis is a potential technology to improve the activity and stability of biocatalysts in nonaqueous systems for efficient industrial production.Alginate-chitosan(AC)microcapsules were prepared as immobilization carriers by emulsifi cation-internal gelation and complexation reaction,and their contribution on facilitating the growth and metabolism of yeast cells were testifi ed successfully in culture medium-solvent biphasic systems.The cell growth in AC microcapsules is superior to that in alginate beads,and the cells in both immobilization carriers maintain much higher activity than free cells,which demonstrates AC microcapsules can confer yeast cells the ability to resist the adverse effect of solvent.Moreover,the performance of AC microcapsules in biphasic systems could be improved by adjusting the formation of outer polyelectrolyte complex(PEC)membrane to promote the cell growth and metabolic ability under the balance of resisting solvent toxicity and permitting substrate diffusion.Therefore,these findings are quite valuable for applying AC microcapsules as novel immobilization carriers to realize the biotransformation of value-added products in aqueous-solvent biphasic systems.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China（30571117） the Important Sci-Tech Special Project of Guangdong Province China（2006A36703004 2008A030202004）
文摘The microcapsules with cores of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid tetrasodium salt(Na4-EDTA)and walls of polyurea were synthesized via an interfacial polycondensation reaction with 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate as an oil-soluble monomer and diethyl triamine as a water-soluble monomer.Various manufacturing parameters,including the amount of emulsifier,agitation speed,stirring time and ratios of the wall materials to core materials,were altered to optimize process variables during the synthesis of microcapsules,and the effects of these parameters on the characteristics of the microcapsules were examined.The structure,morphology,mean particle size and size distribution were characterized by optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy(SEM),showing that the mean diameter of optimal microspheres was approximately 6μm,and microcapsules were spherical.In vitro release of Na4-EDTA from these microcapsules was performed in distilled water.Under the optimal preparation conditions, the Na4-EDTA release profiles were biphasic with a burst release followed by a gradual release phase.After an initial burst,a continuous Na4-EDTA release was up to 5-7 days.The optimal synthesis conditions for the microcapsules with stable,good morphology and good controlled-release properties were as follows:emulsifier Span-80 10% (by mass),agitation speed 900 r·min1,stirring time 30 min,and the ratio of the wall materials to core materials 0.15.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan (No. 2016YFC0303700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51803215)+1 种基金CAS Pioneer Hundred Talents ProgramBeijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation (No. 2182075)
文摘One-component, catalyst-free self-healing coatings with double-shelled polymer microcapsules have drawn considerable attention due to wide applications. In this work, the synthesis parameters of double-shelled polymer microcapsules and the mechanism of the self-healing process were systematically investigated. Apart from the chemical structure of the microcapsule shell, the shell thickness, the microcapsule size,and the core fraction could affect the self-healing anticorrosion properties. The synthesis parameters were further optimized in terms of the agitation rate, p H, weight ratio of core to shell, and temperature. Under these conditions, the microcapsule shell consisting of a rough surface formed by poly(urea-formaldehyde) and a smooth inner wall by polyurethane was prepared. The size of the microcapsules and core fraction were calculated to be approximately 30 μm and 75%, respectively. The self-healing anticorrosion coating incorporating as-synthesized microcapsules exhibited corrosion resistance in artificially scratched areas, which was further characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
基金support From the Open Fund Project of Key Lab.of Biomass Energy and Material,Jiangsu Province(JSBEM201907)the Ordinary University Young Innovative Talents Project of Guangdong Province(2018KQNCX119).
文摘Environmental cleaning is an important aspect of bacteria control.Ethyl cellulose microcapsules containing potassium monopersulfate(PMCM)were prepared by emulsified solvent diffusion method.The chemical structure and microstructure of the obtained PMCM was characterized by methods of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy and X-ACT energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.The SEM micrographs of the PMCM containing 21.6%of C,46.8%of O,10.7%of S and 19.4%of K was relatively smooth.Thermal stability,sustained release performance,and antimicrobial activity of PMCM were investigated.The results showed that the drug loading and encapsulation efficiency of PMCM were 30.3%and 42.6%respectively.Potassium monopersulfate was fully released after 8 h,following a Fickian diffusion mechanism.Results showed that the microcapsules prepared with a high concentration of potassium monopersulfate solution showed a good antimicrobial effect.The microcapsule wall of the resulting PMCM increased with increasing ethyl cellulose content and had high thermal stability from the data of 69%residue rate.The excellent thermal stability and high sustained release performance of PMCM showed high application value.
基金by the“Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research”of Tunisia,Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Interfaces(LAMI,LR-11-S-55)。
文摘Microencapsulation of neroline inside microcapsules having a polyurethane shell based onβ-cyclodextrin(β-CD)and hexane diisocyanate was performed by interfacial polycondensation.The polyol nature ofβ-CD caused tight crosslinking of microcapsules wall.Microcapsules of neroline were characterized for their chemical composition and structure of the polyurethane shell by FTIR spectroscopy,thermogravimetric analysis,optical and electron microscopy,light scattering and electrophoresis measurements.Core content and encapsulation yield were 15%and 60%,respectively.Spherical microcapsules of mean diameter 29μm were slightly cationic with an isoelectric point of 6.3.Neroline-loaded microcapsules were fixed on cotton fabric using an impregnation technique.The functionalized fabric showed improved resistance to washing cycles in comparison with previously reported diol-based microcapsules.Such microcapsules display great potential for the long-lasting release of fragrance in the framework of cosmetotextile.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Nos. 2019YFA0803000,2019YFC1316000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. U20A20378, 21878258)+1 种基金Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No. Y20B060027)Scientific Research Fund of Zhejiang Provincial Education Department (No.Y202045652)。
文摘Hypoxia is a typical characteristic of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), which causes tremendous obstacles to tumor treatments. Current first-line treatment may further deteriorate tumor hypoxia. For example,Lenvatinib, a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor(RTKI), suppresses tumor growth via blocking vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) signaling, and can also inhibit angiogenesis, thus limiting oxygen supply to tumor sites. Therefore, alleviating tumor microenvironment(TME) hypoxia holds great potential for enhancing the therapeutic effect of RTKI. Here, nanoparticle-stabilized oxygen microcapsules, a stable and biocompatible oxygen-loaded delivery system, are successfully prepared through interfacial polymerization of polydopamine nanoparticles. The microcapsules with a large loading capacity of oxygen in the core show excellent bioavailability and dispersity, which could effectively improve the hypoxic TME when they serve as oxygen delivery vehicles. Synergetic treatments of Lenvatinib and oxygen microcapsules could induce the transition of “cold tumor” in an immune-suppressed state to “hot tumor” in an immune-activated state by improving tumor hypoxic TME and reducing angiogenesis in HCC. It is revealed that combined treatments of oxygen microcapsules and Lenvatinib could polarize tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs) to anti-tumor M1 cells and activate T cell-mediated anti-tumor immune responses.The results suggest that synergetic therapy using oxygen microcapsules and Lenvatinib could alleviate the hypoxic TME and enhance the therapeutic performance of RTKI, demonstrating a promising anti-tumor strategy for enhanced therapy of HCC.
基金This work was supported by the Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘Poly(urea-formaldehyde)(PUF)microcapsules were prepared by in-situ polymerization with four different pro-cesses in this paper.The chemical composition,surface morphology,particle size distribution,and thermal sta-bility were characterized by FTIR,SEM,particle size analyzer,and TGA,respectively.The results demonstrated that the agglomeration of the PUF microcapsules was related to the agglomeration of the emulsion particles caused by the changes of emulsion interface during the shell polymerization.Due to the slow deposition of the shell material,the PUF microcapsules with the core-shell structure prepared by the process with ammonium chloride as the last additive showed good dispersibility with an average diameter of 6.36μm,high core content of 71.3 wt%,and high yield of 61.3 wt%.The PUF microcapsules had good thermal stability below 216?C.The PUF microcapsules could be uniformly dispersed in the epoxy coating in a single form.The epoxy coating with 2 wt%PUF microcapsules showed good self-healing property,and the service life of the coating was about doubled.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2020YFD0900905).
文摘Silver nanoparticles(Ag NPs)are an effective antibacterial agent,but their application in food packaging is limited due to their easy agglomeration and oxidation.In this study,antibacterial microcapsules were fabricated using Ginkgo biloba essential oil(GBEO)as core material and chitosan and type B gelatin biopolymer as capsule mate-rials.These antibacterial microcapsules were then modified with green-synthesized Ag NPs,blended into the bio-polymer polylactic acid(PLA),and finally formed as films.Physicochemical properties and antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli(E.coli)and Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)were evaluated.Results showed that the prepared antibacterial PLA films exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against foodborne pathogens.Its TVC exceeded the limit value of 7 log CFU/g at 7 days compared with the 5 days of pure PLA films.Therefore,these films can extend the shelf life of grass carp fillets by 2–3 days under refrigeration.
