Soybean mosaic virus(SMV)poses a substantial threat to the yield and quality of soybean(Glycine max(L.)Merr.),leading to significant economic losses in soybean production.However,the mining of SMVresistance loci and t...Soybean mosaic virus(SMV)poses a substantial threat to the yield and quality of soybean(Glycine max(L.)Merr.),leading to significant economic losses in soybean production.However,the mining of SMVresistance loci and the exploration of the underlying disease resistance mechanisms remain relatively limited.MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are a class of post-transcriptional regulators that play a pivotal role in modulating plant growth,development and responding to various stresses.In this study,we demonstrated the function of the “miR398c/d-GmCSDs”module between soybean resistant and susceptible varieties,focusing on its differential regulatory roles in SMV infection.Specifically,SMV infection downregulated gma-miR398c/d expression in the resistant variety(Qihuang 1,QH),while upregulated them in the susceptible variety(Nannong 1138-2,NN).Transient expression assay in N.benthamiana confirmed that gma-miR398c/d can target six superoxide dismutase(SOD)family genes,which responded to SMV infection in both varieties.Stable overexpression of Gma-MIR398c/d in soybean or inhibition of the corresponding target genes’expression via Bean pod mottle virus(BPMV)-induced gene silencing(VIGS)led to reduced H_(2)O_(2)content and thereby promoted SMV infection.Conversely,plants overexpressing the target genes exhibited the opposite phenotypes.The functions of gma-miR398c/d and their target genes were further validated in N.benthamiana through transient co-expression with SMV infectious clone(pSC7-GFP),indicating that gma-miR398c/d negatively regulated soybean resistance to SMV,while the target genes positively contributed to disease resistance.Collectively,our findings provide novel insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying soybean resistance to SMV.展开更多
MicroRNAs(miRNAs)play essential roles in plant defense responses,although such roles have not been identified in cotton in response to the plant pathogenic fungus Verticillium dahliae.In this study,the functions of mi...MicroRNAs(miRNAs)play essential roles in plant defense responses,although such roles have not been identified in cotton in response to the plant pathogenic fungus Verticillium dahliae.In this study,the functions of miR398b and its target genes in cotton-V.dahliae interaction were investigated.The transcript levels of miR398b were down-regulated by V.dahliae infection and miR398b overexpression in cotton made the plants more susceptible to V.dahliae.The results suggest that miR398b negatively regulates cotton resistance to V.dahliae.This may occur by miR398b repression of some CC-NBS-LRR genes via translational inhibition,interfering with defense responses and leading to cotton susceptibility to V.dahliae.Alternatively,miR398b may guide the cleavage of the mRNAs of GhCSD1,GhCSD2 and GhCCS,each of which functions in reactive oxygen species(ROS)regulation and homeostasis,thereby causing excessive ROS accumulation in miR398b-overexpressing plants in response to V.dahliae infection.This study suggests conserved and novel roles of miR398b in the cotton–V.dahliae interaction.These discoveries may be coupled with new strategies in cotton breeding programs to improve resistance to V.dahliae.展开更多
MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are a class of small(20–24 nucleotides(nt)long)non-coding RNAs.One mature miRNA can be transcribed from one or more gene loci known as miRNA genes(MIRs).The transcript of a MIR forms a stem-loop stru...MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are a class of small(20–24 nucleotides(nt)long)non-coding RNAs.One mature miRNA can be transcribed from one or more gene loci known as miRNA genes(MIRs).The transcript of a MIR forms a stem-loop structure that is processed into a 20–24-nt miRNA-5p/−3p duplex by RNase III family endoribonucleases such as Dicer-like1(DCL1).In turn,the overhang ends of the duplex are methylated by HUA ENHANCER 1(HEN1),generating stabilized mature miRNAs.The mature miRNAs are loaded onto ARGONAUTE(AGO)proteins,forming a miRNAinduced gene silencing complex(miRISC).Then,the miRISC binds to target sites with sequences complementary to the miRNAs,leading to either cleavage or translational inhibition of the target mRNAs,or methylation of the target sequences,resulting in post-transcriptional and transcriptional gene silencing,respectively.In the past decade,more than 700 miRNAs have been identified in rice,a subset of which have been found to be responsive to the rice blast fungus,Magnaporthe oryzae,or its elicitors.Moreover,members of 10 miRNA families have been found to positively or negatively regulate rice defense against M.oryzae,namely miR160,miR164,miR166,miR167,miR169,miR319,miR396,miR398,miR444 and miR7695.This review summarizes the identification and functional characterization of the miRNAs,which respond to M.oryzae or its elicitors and describes the current understanding of the complicated but wellorganized network in the context of rice-M.oryzae interaction.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1001502)Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production(JCIC-MCP)Major Projects of Technological Innovation 2030(2023ZD04037).
文摘Soybean mosaic virus(SMV)poses a substantial threat to the yield and quality of soybean(Glycine max(L.)Merr.),leading to significant economic losses in soybean production.However,the mining of SMVresistance loci and the exploration of the underlying disease resistance mechanisms remain relatively limited.MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are a class of post-transcriptional regulators that play a pivotal role in modulating plant growth,development and responding to various stresses.In this study,we demonstrated the function of the “miR398c/d-GmCSDs”module between soybean resistant and susceptible varieties,focusing on its differential regulatory roles in SMV infection.Specifically,SMV infection downregulated gma-miR398c/d expression in the resistant variety(Qihuang 1,QH),while upregulated them in the susceptible variety(Nannong 1138-2,NN).Transient expression assay in N.benthamiana confirmed that gma-miR398c/d can target six superoxide dismutase(SOD)family genes,which responded to SMV infection in both varieties.Stable overexpression of Gma-MIR398c/d in soybean or inhibition of the corresponding target genes’expression via Bean pod mottle virus(BPMV)-induced gene silencing(VIGS)led to reduced H_(2)O_(2)content and thereby promoted SMV infection.Conversely,plants overexpressing the target genes exhibited the opposite phenotypes.The functions of gma-miR398c/d and their target genes were further validated in N.benthamiana through transient co-expression with SMV infectious clone(pSC7-GFP),indicating that gma-miR398c/d negatively regulated soybean resistance to SMV,while the target genes positively contributed to disease resistance.Collectively,our findings provide novel insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying soybean resistance to SMV.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0100403)the project from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(KY201702009).
文摘MicroRNAs(miRNAs)play essential roles in plant defense responses,although such roles have not been identified in cotton in response to the plant pathogenic fungus Verticillium dahliae.In this study,the functions of miR398b and its target genes in cotton-V.dahliae interaction were investigated.The transcript levels of miR398b were down-regulated by V.dahliae infection and miR398b overexpression in cotton made the plants more susceptible to V.dahliae.The results suggest that miR398b negatively regulates cotton resistance to V.dahliae.This may occur by miR398b repression of some CC-NBS-LRR genes via translational inhibition,interfering with defense responses and leading to cotton susceptibility to V.dahliae.Alternatively,miR398b may guide the cleavage of the mRNAs of GhCSD1,GhCSD2 and GhCCS,each of which functions in reactive oxygen species(ROS)regulation and homeostasis,thereby causing excessive ROS accumulation in miR398b-overexpressing plants in response to V.dahliae infection.This study suggests conserved and novel roles of miR398b in the cotton–V.dahliae interaction.These discoveries may be coupled with new strategies in cotton breeding programs to improve resistance to V.dahliae.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China grants(31430072 and 31672090 to W-MW,and 31471761 to YL).
文摘MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are a class of small(20–24 nucleotides(nt)long)non-coding RNAs.One mature miRNA can be transcribed from one or more gene loci known as miRNA genes(MIRs).The transcript of a MIR forms a stem-loop structure that is processed into a 20–24-nt miRNA-5p/−3p duplex by RNase III family endoribonucleases such as Dicer-like1(DCL1).In turn,the overhang ends of the duplex are methylated by HUA ENHANCER 1(HEN1),generating stabilized mature miRNAs.The mature miRNAs are loaded onto ARGONAUTE(AGO)proteins,forming a miRNAinduced gene silencing complex(miRISC).Then,the miRISC binds to target sites with sequences complementary to the miRNAs,leading to either cleavage or translational inhibition of the target mRNAs,or methylation of the target sequences,resulting in post-transcriptional and transcriptional gene silencing,respectively.In the past decade,more than 700 miRNAs have been identified in rice,a subset of which have been found to be responsive to the rice blast fungus,Magnaporthe oryzae,or its elicitors.Moreover,members of 10 miRNA families have been found to positively or negatively regulate rice defense against M.oryzae,namely miR160,miR164,miR166,miR167,miR169,miR319,miR396,miR398,miR444 and miR7695.This review summarizes the identification and functional characterization of the miRNAs,which respond to M.oryzae or its elicitors and describes the current understanding of the complicated but wellorganized network in the context of rice-M.oryzae interaction.
