Cytotoxicity of selected metal oxide nanoparticles（MNPs）（ZnO,CuO,Co 3 O 4 and TiO 2）was investigated in Escherichia coli both under light and dark conditions.Cytotoxicity experiments were conducted with spread pla...Cytotoxicity of selected metal oxide nanoparticles（MNPs）（ZnO,CuO,Co 3 O 4 and TiO 2）was investigated in Escherichia coli both under light and dark conditions.Cytotoxicity experiments were conducted with spread plate counting and the LC 50 values were calculated.We determined the mechanism of toxicity via measurements of oxidative stress,reduced glutathione,lipid peroxidation,and metal ions.The overall ranking of the LC 50 values was in the order of ZnO 〈 CuO 〈 Co 3 O 4 〈 TiO 2 under dark condition and ZnO 〈 CuO 〈 TiO 2 〈 Co 3 O 4 under light condition.ZnO MNPs were the most toxic among the tested nanoparticles.Our results indicate depletion of reduced glutathione level and elevation of malondialdehyde level correlated with the increase in oxidative stress.Released metal ions were found to have partial effect on the toxicity of MNPs to E.coli.In summary,the dynamic interactions of multiple mechanisms lead to the toxicity of the tested MNPs to E.coli.展开更多
Cotton production substantiated a crucial part in the escalating economic development of many countries.To realize the increasing global demand for cotton,the emphasis should be laid on to improve cotton fiber growth ...Cotton production substantiated a crucial part in the escalating economic development of many countries.To realize the increasing global demand for cotton,the emphasis should be laid on to improve cotton fiber growth and production.The bioengineered transgenic cotton proved expedient in resolving inadequacies of conventional cotton,but still required improvements to encounter heightened demand of textile industries.One possible solution pertaining to this has been provided by nanoscience in the form of metal or metal oxide nanoparticles.These metal oxide nanoparticles have easy access to the various parts of cotton plants through its transportation system,and thus significantly influence several parameters relative to the growth and production of cotton fiber.This review summarizes the distribution and accumulation of metal oxide nanoparticles in cotton plant and its impact on different plant growth-promoting factors,which resulted in the improved cotton yields.展开更多
The green synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles(MONPs)using Azadirachta indica(neem)as a biogenic reducing and capping agent is discussed in this review.Neem eliminates the need for harmful chemicals and solvents tha...The green synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles(MONPs)using Azadirachta indica(neem)as a biogenic reducing and capping agent is discussed in this review.Neem eliminates the need for harmful chemicals and solvents that are typically used in standard synthesis procedures of MONPs.This review discusses the many ways,such as coprecipitation,hydrothermal,and microemulsion approaches,that neem leaf extract can be used to produce oxide NPs.This review focused on obtaining data from recent advances in synthesis,characterization and applications of biological synthesis techniques.The relative abundance of A.indica(neem)means this can be widely used for creating reductant and stabilizing agents needed for MONPs formation.Using plant biomolecules in MONPs increases their toxicity toward microorganisms,enabling them to resist degradation and prevent ecological pollution.The review explores the size,shape,and crystal structure of neem-based NPs,which have potential uses in areas including water purification,biological imaging,and catalysis.Overall,this review finds that A.indica is a promising substitute for conventional synthetic techniques in the green synthesis of metallic oxide NPs.展开更多
Nanomaterials have attracted considerable interest owing to their unique physicochemical properties.The wide application of nanomaterials has raised many concerns about their potential risks to human health and the en...Nanomaterials have attracted considerable interest owing to their unique physicochemical properties.The wide application of nanomaterials has raised many concerns about their potential risks to human health and the environment.Metal oxide nanopartides（MONPs）,one of the main members of nanomaterials,have been applied in various fields,such as food,medicine,cosmetics,and sensors.This review highlights the bio-toxic effects of widely applied MONPs and their underlying mechanisms.Two main underlying toxicity mechanisms,reactive oxygen species（ROS）-and non-ROS-mediated toxidties,of MONPs have been widely accepted.ROS activates oxidative stress,which leads to lipid peroxidation and cell membrane damage.In addition,ROS can trigger the apoptotic pathway by activating caspase-9 and-3.Non-ROS-mediated toxicity mechanism includes the effect of released ions,excessive accumulation of NPs on the cell surface,and combination of NPs with specific death receptors.Furthermore,the combined toxicity evaluation of some MONPs is also discussed.Toxicity may dramatically change when nanomaterials are used in a combined system because the characteristics of NPs that play a key role in their toxicity such as size,surface properties,and chemical nature in the complex system are different from the pristine NPs.展开更多
A method to precipitate nanoparticles using a miniemulsion technique is described, in which miniemulsion droplets between 100 and 1000 nm in size serve as nanoreactors enabling both the control of particle formation a...A method to precipitate nanoparticles using a miniemulsion technique is described, in which miniemulsion droplets between 100 and 1000 nm in size serve as nanoreactors enabling both the control of particle formation and particle growth. The application of miniemulsion droplets to synthesise nanoparticles comprises three advantages： first, the size of the precipitated particles is limited by the reactant concentration within the emulsion droplet; second, particle agglomeration is prevented as nanoparticle collision outside the nanoreactor is avoided; and third, easy technical scale up can be realized by increasing emulsion volume and thus the number of nanoreactors, while local conditions within the reactors are not changed, The miniemulsion technique is an easy scalable process which allows defined synthesis of particles by precipitation reactions. The miniemulsion technique involves first the preparation of a stable water-in- oil miniemulsion by high pressure homogenisation. Whereas a water soluble reactant is provided within the aqueous droplets, another oilas well as water-soluble reactant can be introduced to the emulsion after homogenisation. The precipitation reaction is induced by the diffusion of the second reactant into the emulsion droplet. Together with this contribution, a method is described and discussed which uses a high pressure homogenisation process to produce stable water-in-oil miniemulsions serving as a reaction medium to precipitate metal oxides.展开更多
Composite filler metal refers to the traditional filler metal by adding a certain proportion of various forms of superalloy,carbon fiber and ceramic particles as reinforcement phase.Due to the addition of the reinforc...Composite filler metal refers to the traditional filler metal by adding a certain proportion of various forms of superalloy,carbon fiber and ceramic particles as reinforcement phase.Due to the addition of the reinforcement phase,the filler metal can have a suitable thermal expansion coefficient,which can effectively reduce the residual stress at the brazing joint caused by the different thermal expansion coefficients of the base metal and improve the comprehensive performance of the brazing joint.In recent years,with the progress of science and technology,the research on nanomaterials has been deepening,and nanomaterials are widely used in the modification of composite filler metals because of their special surface effect,small size effect,quantum size effect and macroscopic quantum tunneling effect.The modification performance of different composite solders by nanoparticles in recent years is reviewed,the advantages and disadvantages of nano-reinforced composite solders are analyzed,and the future research direction of composite solders is prospected.展开更多
With the development of nanotechnology,gold（Au） and graphene oxide（GO） nanoparticles have been widely used in various fields,resulting in an increased release of these particles into the environment.The released n...With the development of nanotechnology,gold（Au） and graphene oxide（GO） nanoparticles have been widely used in various fields,resulting in an increased release of these particles into the environment.The released nanoparticles may eventually accumulate in sediment,causing possible ecotoxicological effects to benthic invertebrates.However,the impact of Au-NPs and GO-NPs on the cosmopolitan oligochaete,Tubifex tubifex,in sediment exposure is not known.Mortality,behavioral impact（GO-NP and Au-NP） and uptake（only Au-NP） of sediment-associated Au-NPs（4.9±0.14 nm） and GO-NPs（116±0.05 nm） to T.tubifex were assessed in a number of 5-day exposure experiments.The results showed that the applied Au-NP concentrations（10 and 60 μg Au/g dry weight sediment） had no adverse effect on T.tubifex survival,while Au bioaccumulation increased with exposure concentration.In the case of GO-NPs,no mortality of T.tubifex was observed at a concentration range of 20 and180 μg GO/g dry weight sediment,whereas burrowing activity was significantly reduced at 20 and 180 μg GO/g dry weight sediment.Our results suggest that Au-NPs at 60 μg Au/g or GO-NPs at 20 and 180 μg GO/g were detected by T.tubifex as toxicants during short-term exposures.展开更多
Objective This study aims to investigate and compare the toxic effects of four types of metal oxide(ZnO,TiO_(2),SiO_(2),and Al_(2)O_(3))nanoparticles with similar primary size(-20 nm)on human fetal lung fibroblasts(HF...Objective This study aims to investigate and compare the toxic effects of four types of metal oxide(ZnO,TiO_(2),SiO_(2),and Al_(2)O_(3))nanoparticles with similar primary size(-20 nm)on human fetal lung fibroblasts(HFL1)in vitro.Methods The HFL1 cells were exposed to the nanoparticles,and toxic effects were analyzed by using MTT assay,cellular morphology observation and Hoechst 33258 staining.Results The results show that the four types of metal oxide nanoparticles lead to cellular mitochondrial dysfunction,morphological modifications and apoptosis at the concentration range of 0.25-1.50 mg/mL and the toxic effects are obviously displayed in dose-dependent manner.ZnO is the most toxic nanomaterials followed by TiO_(2),SiO_(2),and Al_(2)O_(3)nanoparticles in a descending order.Conclusion The results highlight the differential cytotoxicity associated with exposure to ZnO,TiO_(2),SiO_(2),and Al_(2)O_(3)nanoparticles,and suggest an extreme attention to safety utilization of these nanomaterials.展开更多
The construction of highly stable and regular nanoreactors is a major challenge.In this work,we use a facile template protection method to obtain ZIF-67@SiO_(2)(JS)and to encapsulate metal oxide nanoparticles(Co_(3)O_...The construction of highly stable and regular nanoreactors is a major challenge.In this work,we use a facile template protection method to obtain ZIF-67@SiO_(2)(JS)and to encapsulate metal oxide nanoparticles(Co_(3)O_(4))into nanoreactors(SiO_(2)).ZIF-67 crystals provide a cobalt species;SiO_(2)was first used as a protective layer of ZIF-67 and then as a nanoreactor for metastable metal oxide nanoparticles.On this basis,Co_(3)O_(4)@SiO_(2)with dodecahedron morphology were synthesized by calcining JS at different tempe ratures,followed by a hydrothermal reaction to obtain Co_(3)(OH)4Si_(2)O_(5).Subsequently,CoSx and CoP-SiO_(2)were fabricated through sulfuration and phosphorization.The results in this work show that nanoreactors derived from metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)with a rational structure have broad development prospects.展开更多
The food industry prioritizes food safety throughout the entire production process.This involves closely monitoring and evaluating all potential sources of biological or chemical contamination,starting from entering r...The food industry prioritizes food safety throughout the entire production process.This involves closely monitoring and evaluating all potential sources of biological or chemical contamination,starting from entering raw materials into the production chain and continuing to the final product.Biofilms on food surfaces or containers can harbor dangerous pathogens,such as Listeria monocytogenes.Therefore,it is essential to continuously manage microbial contamination on food contact surfaces to prevent foodborne infections.Recently,there has been increasing interest in using nanomaterials as surface coatings with antimicrobial properties in the food industry,especially since traditional disinfectants or antibiotics may contribute to developing resistance.However,the use of antibiofilm materials for long-term food storage remains underexplored,and there is a notable lack of focused reviews on nanomaterialbased antibiofilm coatings specifically for long-term food preservation.This review aims to consolidate recently reported nanoparticle-based antibiofilm food packaging materials.We discuss the effectiveness of various metal and metal oxide nanoparticles and biopolymer nanocomposites in combating biofilms.Additionally,we highlight the growing importance of biodegradable nanocomposite materials for antibiofilm food packaging.Furthermore,we explore the mechanisms of action,processing methods,and safety aspects of these nanomaterials being developed for food packaging applications.展开更多
In this work, the intensification of luminol electrochemiluminescence (ECL) by metallic oxide nanoparticles (MONPs), as ZnO, MnO2,In2O3 and TiO2 , under alkaline condition is reported and the related mechanism is stud...In this work, the intensification of luminol electrochemiluminescence (ECL) by metallic oxide nanoparticles (MONPs), as ZnO, MnO2,In2O3 and TiO2 , under alkaline condition is reported and the related mechanism is studied. It is found that all four types of those MONPs exhibit the effect toward the ECL intensification of luminol. Furthermore, the silica sol-gel film is taken to immobilize the MONPs onto the platinum electrodes. The so-obtained modified electrodes also show the enhanced ECL and better signal/noise ratio, as well improved signal stability. Finally, the ECL reagent, luminol, is immobilized together with the MONPs onto the electrode surface to perform as the ECL sensor. On resulting sensors, good linear responses are obtained toward hydrogen peroxide. The mechanism of intensification of luminol ECL by MONPs is discussed in this paper. It is proposed that the ECL intensification can be attributed to the production of reactive oxygen species, as well as the adsorption of luminol on surface of MONPs.展开更多
Quantitative information,such as environmental migration,absorption,biodistribution,biotransformation,and elimination,is fundamental and essential for the nanosafety evaluations of nanomaterials.Due to the complexity ...Quantitative information,such as environmental migration,absorption,biodistribution,biotransformation,and elimination,is fundamental and essential for the nanosafety evaluations of nanomaterials.Due to the complexity of biological and environmental systems,it is challenging to develop quantitative approaches and tools that could characterize intrinsic behaviors of nanomaterials in the organisms.The isotopic tracers are ideal candidates to tune the physical properties of nanomaterials while preserving their chemical properties.In this review article,we summarized the stable isotope labeling methods of nanomaterials for evaluating their environmental and biological effects.The skeleton labeling protocols of carbon nanomaterials and metal/metal oxide nanoparticles were introduced.The advantages and disadvantages of stable isotope labeling were discussed in comparison with other quantitative methods for nanomaterials.The quantitative information of nanomaterials in environmental and biological systems was summarized along with the biosafety data.The benefits for drug development of nanomedicine were analyzed based on the targeting effects,persistent accumulation,and safety.Finally,the challenges and future perspectives of stable isotope labeling in nanoscience and nanotechnology were discussed.展开更多
Anodic particle coulometry （APC） is a recently established method of sizing individual metal nanoparticles by oxidising them during their impact on a micro electrode. Here it is demonstrated that the application of ...Anodic particle coulometry （APC） is a recently established method of sizing individual metal nanoparticles by oxidising them during their impact on a micro electrode. Here it is demonstrated that the application of APC can be extended to sizing of metal oxide nanoparticles, such as Fe304 magnetite nanoparticles. Additionally, a new route to electrochemical nanoparticle sizing is introduced-- cathodic particle coulometry （CPC）. This method uses the reduction of impacting nanoparticles, e.g., metal oxide nanoparticles, and is demonstrated to yield correct size information for Fe304 nanoparticles. The combination of these two independent electrochemical methods of nanoparticle sizing, allows for purely electrochemical sizing of single nanoparticles and simultaneous verification of the obtained results.展开更多
基金NSF-SBIR grant # IIP-0823040NSF-CREST program with grant # HRD-0833178Strengthening the Environmental Science Ph.D program in instruction,grant # P031B090210-11
文摘Cytotoxicity of selected metal oxide nanoparticles（MNPs）（ZnO,CuO,Co 3 O 4 and TiO 2）was investigated in Escherichia coli both under light and dark conditions.Cytotoxicity experiments were conducted with spread plate counting and the LC 50 values were calculated.We determined the mechanism of toxicity via measurements of oxidative stress,reduced glutathione,lipid peroxidation,and metal ions.The overall ranking of the LC 50 values was in the order of ZnO 〈 CuO 〈 Co 3 O 4 〈 TiO 2 under dark condition and ZnO 〈 CuO 〈 TiO 2 〈 Co 3 O 4 under light condition.ZnO MNPs were the most toxic among the tested nanoparticles.Our results indicate depletion of reduced glutathione level and elevation of malondialdehyde level correlated with the increase in oxidative stress.Released metal ions were found to have partial effect on the toxicity of MNPs to E.coli.In summary,the dynamic interactions of multiple mechanisms lead to the toxicity of the tested MNPs to E.coli.
文摘Cotton production substantiated a crucial part in the escalating economic development of many countries.To realize the increasing global demand for cotton,the emphasis should be laid on to improve cotton fiber growth and production.The bioengineered transgenic cotton proved expedient in resolving inadequacies of conventional cotton,but still required improvements to encounter heightened demand of textile industries.One possible solution pertaining to this has been provided by nanoscience in the form of metal or metal oxide nanoparticles.These metal oxide nanoparticles have easy access to the various parts of cotton plants through its transportation system,and thus significantly influence several parameters relative to the growth and production of cotton fiber.This review summarizes the distribution and accumulation of metal oxide nanoparticles in cotton plant and its impact on different plant growth-promoting factors,which resulted in the improved cotton yields.
基金support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61975148).
文摘The green synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles(MONPs)using Azadirachta indica(neem)as a biogenic reducing and capping agent is discussed in this review.Neem eliminates the need for harmful chemicals and solvents that are typically used in standard synthesis procedures of MONPs.This review discusses the many ways,such as coprecipitation,hydrothermal,and microemulsion approaches,that neem leaf extract can be used to produce oxide NPs.This review focused on obtaining data from recent advances in synthesis,characterization and applications of biological synthesis techniques.The relative abundance of A.indica(neem)means this can be widely used for creating reductant and stabilizing agents needed for MONPs formation.Using plant biomolecules in MONPs increases their toxicity toward microorganisms,enabling them to resist degradation and prevent ecological pollution.The review explores the size,shape,and crystal structure of neem-based NPs,which have potential uses in areas including water purification,biological imaging,and catalysis.Overall,this review finds that A.indica is a promising substitute for conventional synthetic techniques in the green synthesis of metallic oxide NPs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21371115,11025526,40830744, 41073073,and 21101104)the National Basic Research Program of China(2011CB933402)+1 种基金the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(14YZ025)the Program for Innovative Research Team in University(IRT13078)
文摘Nanomaterials have attracted considerable interest owing to their unique physicochemical properties.The wide application of nanomaterials has raised many concerns about their potential risks to human health and the environment.Metal oxide nanopartides（MONPs）,one of the main members of nanomaterials,have been applied in various fields,such as food,medicine,cosmetics,and sensors.This review highlights the bio-toxic effects of widely applied MONPs and their underlying mechanisms.Two main underlying toxicity mechanisms,reactive oxygen species（ROS）-and non-ROS-mediated toxidties,of MONPs have been widely accepted.ROS activates oxidative stress,which leads to lipid peroxidation and cell membrane damage.In addition,ROS can trigger the apoptotic pathway by activating caspase-9 and-3.Non-ROS-mediated toxicity mechanism includes the effect of released ions,excessive accumulation of NPs on the cell surface,and combination of NPs with specific death receptors.Furthermore,the combined toxicity evaluation of some MONPs is also discussed.Toxicity may dramatically change when nanomaterials are used in a combined system because the characteristics of NPs that play a key role in their toxicity such as size,surface properties,and chemical nature in the complex system are different from the pristine NPs.
基金supported by BASF SE within the scope of preliminary work for the JointLab IP3, a research initiative of BASF SE and Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
文摘A method to precipitate nanoparticles using a miniemulsion technique is described, in which miniemulsion droplets between 100 and 1000 nm in size serve as nanoreactors enabling both the control of particle formation and particle growth. The application of miniemulsion droplets to synthesise nanoparticles comprises three advantages： first, the size of the precipitated particles is limited by the reactant concentration within the emulsion droplet; second, particle agglomeration is prevented as nanoparticle collision outside the nanoreactor is avoided; and third, easy technical scale up can be realized by increasing emulsion volume and thus the number of nanoreactors, while local conditions within the reactors are not changed, The miniemulsion technique is an easy scalable process which allows defined synthesis of particles by precipitation reactions. The miniemulsion technique involves first the preparation of a stable water-in- oil miniemulsion by high pressure homogenisation. Whereas a water soluble reactant is provided within the aqueous droplets, another oilas well as water-soluble reactant can be introduced to the emulsion after homogenisation. The precipitation reaction is induced by the diffusion of the second reactant into the emulsion droplet. Together with this contribution, a method is described and discussed which uses a high pressure homogenisation process to produce stable water-in-oil miniemulsions serving as a reaction medium to precipitate metal oxides.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFB3401101).
文摘Composite filler metal refers to the traditional filler metal by adding a certain proportion of various forms of superalloy,carbon fiber and ceramic particles as reinforcement phase.Due to the addition of the reinforcement phase,the filler metal can have a suitable thermal expansion coefficient,which can effectively reduce the residual stress at the brazing joint caused by the different thermal expansion coefficients of the base metal and improve the comprehensive performance of the brazing joint.In recent years,with the progress of science and technology,the research on nanomaterials has been deepening,and nanomaterials are widely used in the modification of composite filler metals because of their special surface effect,small size effect,quantum size effect and macroscopic quantum tunneling effect.The modification performance of different composite solders by nanoparticles in recent years is reviewed,the advantages and disadvantages of nano-reinforced composite solders are analyzed,and the future research direction of composite solders is prospected.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21525730,21407162)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Nos.XDB14030401,XDB14030402)Roskilde University,and Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research Center
文摘With the development of nanotechnology,gold（Au） and graphene oxide（GO） nanoparticles have been widely used in various fields,resulting in an increased release of these particles into the environment.The released nanoparticles may eventually accumulate in sediment,causing possible ecotoxicological effects to benthic invertebrates.However,the impact of Au-NPs and GO-NPs on the cosmopolitan oligochaete,Tubifex tubifex,in sediment exposure is not known.Mortality,behavioral impact（GO-NP and Au-NP） and uptake（only Au-NP） of sediment-associated Au-NPs（4.9±0.14 nm） and GO-NPs（116±0.05 nm） to T.tubifex were assessed in a number of 5-day exposure experiments.The results showed that the applied Au-NP concentrations（10 and 60 μg Au/g dry weight sediment） had no adverse effect on T.tubifex survival,while Au bioaccumulation increased with exposure concentration.In the case of GO-NPs,no mortality of T.tubifex was observed at a concentration range of 20 and180 μg GO/g dry weight sediment,whereas burrowing activity was significantly reduced at 20 and 180 μg GO/g dry weight sediment.Our results suggest that Au-NPs at 60 μg Au/g or GO-NPs at 20 and 180 μg GO/g were detected by T.tubifex as toxicants during short-term exposures.
基金supported by grants from the National Basic Research Program of China(2011CB933404)the Science Foundation of Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices(2010LBMD05)the Science Foundation of Southeast University(XJ2008335)
文摘Objective This study aims to investigate and compare the toxic effects of four types of metal oxide(ZnO,TiO_(2),SiO_(2),and Al_(2)O_(3))nanoparticles with similar primary size(-20 nm)on human fetal lung fibroblasts(HFL1)in vitro.Methods The HFL1 cells were exposed to the nanoparticles,and toxic effects were analyzed by using MTT assay,cellular morphology observation and Hoechst 33258 staining.Results The results show that the four types of metal oxide nanoparticles lead to cellular mitochondrial dysfunction,morphological modifications and apoptosis at the concentration range of 0.25-1.50 mg/mL and the toxic effects are obviously displayed in dose-dependent manner.ZnO is the most toxic nanomaterials followed by TiO_(2),SiO_(2),and Al_(2)O_(3)nanoparticles in a descending order.Conclusion The results highlight the differential cytotoxicity associated with exposure to ZnO,TiO_(2),SiO_(2),and Al_(2)O_(3)nanoparticles,and suggest an extreme attention to safety utilization of these nanomaterials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Nos.21671170,21673203)the Topnotch Academic Programs Project of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(TAPP)+2 种基金Program for New Century Excellent Talents of the University in China(NCET,No.13-0645)the Six Talent Plan(No.2015-XCL-030)Qinglan Project。
文摘The construction of highly stable and regular nanoreactors is a major challenge.In this work,we use a facile template protection method to obtain ZIF-67@SiO_(2)(JS)and to encapsulate metal oxide nanoparticles(Co_(3)O_(4))into nanoreactors(SiO_(2)).ZIF-67 crystals provide a cobalt species;SiO_(2)was first used as a protective layer of ZIF-67 and then as a nanoreactor for metastable metal oxide nanoparticles.On this basis,Co_(3)O_(4)@SiO_(2)with dodecahedron morphology were synthesized by calcining JS at different tempe ratures,followed by a hydrothermal reaction to obtain Co_(3)(OH)4Si_(2)O_(5).Subsequently,CoSx and CoP-SiO_(2)were fabricated through sulfuration and phosphorization.The results in this work show that nanoreactors derived from metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)with a rational structure have broad development prospects.
文摘The food industry prioritizes food safety throughout the entire production process.This involves closely monitoring and evaluating all potential sources of biological or chemical contamination,starting from entering raw materials into the production chain and continuing to the final product.Biofilms on food surfaces or containers can harbor dangerous pathogens,such as Listeria monocytogenes.Therefore,it is essential to continuously manage microbial contamination on food contact surfaces to prevent foodborne infections.Recently,there has been increasing interest in using nanomaterials as surface coatings with antimicrobial properties in the food industry,especially since traditional disinfectants or antibiotics may contribute to developing resistance.However,the use of antibiofilm materials for long-term food storage remains underexplored,and there is a notable lack of focused reviews on nanomaterialbased antibiofilm coatings specifically for long-term food preservation.This review aims to consolidate recently reported nanoparticle-based antibiofilm food packaging materials.We discuss the effectiveness of various metal and metal oxide nanoparticles and biopolymer nanocomposites in combating biofilms.Additionally,we highlight the growing importance of biodegradable nanocomposite materials for antibiofilm food packaging.Furthermore,we explore the mechanisms of action,processing methods,and safety aspects of these nanomaterials being developed for food packaging applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20275025 & 20675055)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK2009111)Technology Plan of Suzhou (SYJG0901)
文摘In this work, the intensification of luminol electrochemiluminescence (ECL) by metallic oxide nanoparticles (MONPs), as ZnO, MnO2,In2O3 and TiO2 , under alkaline condition is reported and the related mechanism is studied. It is found that all four types of those MONPs exhibit the effect toward the ECL intensification of luminol. Furthermore, the silica sol-gel film is taken to immobilize the MONPs onto the platinum electrodes. The so-obtained modified electrodes also show the enhanced ECL and better signal/noise ratio, as well improved signal stability. Finally, the ECL reagent, luminol, is immobilized together with the MONPs onto the electrode surface to perform as the ECL sensor. On resulting sensors, good linear responses are obtained toward hydrogen peroxide. The mechanism of intensification of luminol ECL by MONPs is discussed in this paper. It is proposed that the ECL intensification can be attributed to the production of reactive oxygen species, as well as the adsorption of luminol on surface of MONPs.
基金financial support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFA1200904)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.2202065)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Southwest Minzu University(No.2021PTJS36)Major instrument project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22027810)。
文摘Quantitative information,such as environmental migration,absorption,biodistribution,biotransformation,and elimination,is fundamental and essential for the nanosafety evaluations of nanomaterials.Due to the complexity of biological and environmental systems,it is challenging to develop quantitative approaches and tools that could characterize intrinsic behaviors of nanomaterials in the organisms.The isotopic tracers are ideal candidates to tune the physical properties of nanomaterials while preserving their chemical properties.In this review article,we summarized the stable isotope labeling methods of nanomaterials for evaluating their environmental and biological effects.The skeleton labeling protocols of carbon nanomaterials and metal/metal oxide nanoparticles were introduced.The advantages and disadvantages of stable isotope labeling were discussed in comparison with other quantitative methods for nanomaterials.The quantitative information of nanomaterials in environmental and biological systems was summarized along with the biosafety data.The benefits for drug development of nanomedicine were analyzed based on the targeting effects,persistent accumulation,and safety.Finally,the challenges and future perspectives of stable isotope labeling in nanoscience and nanotechnology were discussed.
文摘Anodic particle coulometry （APC） is a recently established method of sizing individual metal nanoparticles by oxidising them during their impact on a micro electrode. Here it is demonstrated that the application of APC can be extended to sizing of metal oxide nanoparticles, such as Fe304 magnetite nanoparticles. Additionally, a new route to electrochemical nanoparticle sizing is introduced-- cathodic particle coulometry （CPC）. This method uses the reduction of impacting nanoparticles, e.g., metal oxide nanoparticles, and is demonstrated to yield correct size information for Fe304 nanoparticles. The combination of these two independent electrochemical methods of nanoparticle sizing, allows for purely electrochemical sizing of single nanoparticles and simultaneous verification of the obtained results.
