With the acceleration of China's urbanization,the functions and benefits of mega-projects are required higher.With the deepening of"the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road",th...With the acceleration of China's urbanization,the functions and benefits of mega-projects are required higher.With the deepening of"the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road",the quantitative evaluation of multinational investment projects will help strengthen cross-border communication among gov-ernment,society and enterprises,which provide a basis for mutual trust.This study empirically analyzes and evaluates the impact of mega-projects on carrying capacity of cities,by using the DID method based on the panel data of 15 cities in China from 2000 to 2013.The results show that the construction and operation of the first-line project of the West-East gas pipeline has a significant positive impact on the improvement of carrying capacity of cities along the line.However,the degree of impact on three di-mensions is slightly different.The impact on the social carrying capacity is the greatest,then the ecological and economic carrying capacity.Therefore,the decisions of do-mestic mega-projects should be unified with urban planning to promote the sustain-able development of China's economy and social.The investment of mega-projects abroad should also be coordinated with the carrying capacity of host cities,in order to enhance the competitiveness and creativity of Chinese multinational mega-projects investment.展开更多
大型工程施工过程中产生了海量的安全隐患排查记录,蕴含了多类隐患要素关联知识,对工程安全管控有重要参考意义。然而,通过人工手段进行隐患危险源信息抽取与其内在关联挖掘耗时费力,难以及时反馈现场管控。提出一种基于通用信息抽取(Un...大型工程施工过程中产生了海量的安全隐患排查记录,蕴含了多类隐患要素关联知识,对工程安全管控有重要参考意义。然而,通过人工手段进行隐患危险源信息抽取与其内在关联挖掘耗时费力,难以及时反馈现场管控。提出一种基于通用信息抽取(Universal Information Extraction, UIE)框架与改进Apriori算法的隐患危险源实体智能抽取与知识挖掘方法。首先,基于UIE框架构建危险源实体识别模型,确定实体抽取提示标签,并通过小样本微调实现高效、准确的危险源实体自动抽取;然后,提出考虑隐患数据类型约束改进Apriori算法流程,进行多要素关联规则的挖掘与可视化。实例分析表明,所提出的危险源实体抽取模型在验证集与测试集上的F1值分别达到了0.892和0.886,显著高于基础模型的0.253与0.307,在整体模型上的危险源实体识别率提高了36.66%;此外,利用桑基图和关联网络图对改进Apriori抽取的多要素强关联规则进行可视化,展示出良好的可解释性。可为大型工程的海量安全隐患文本知识挖掘提供了高效、智能化的技术手段,为施工现场针对性安全管控措施制定提供了数据支持。展开更多
Considering the rapid urbanization growth rate particularly in developing countries, the number of infrastructure mega-projects over the past years has risen tremendously. Essentially, because infrastructure megaproje...Considering the rapid urbanization growth rate particularly in developing countries, the number of infrastructure mega-projects over the past years has risen tremendously. Essentially, because infrastructure megaprojects require huge investment funds, better management skills, well qualified and experienced international expertise and technology innovation, they are mostly preferred to be procured using the PPP method compare to the use of the traditional bid-build system. In this regard, this paper aims to develop a fuzzy evaluation model for assessing the suitability of procuring infrastructure mega-projects through PPP by considering their risk exposure. The main body of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge(HZMB)is used as a case project to demonstrate the practicality of the risk evaluation model. The risk evaluation model consists of four critical risk groupings, these include,construction and land risks, commercial risks, operational risks and political risks. Using the risk evaluation equation,a risk index of 4.53 out of 5.00 is computed for the selected project if it is procured through the PPP scheme. This outcome shows that the case project is not suitable for the PPP approach because its risk exposure is very high. The model developed will enable PPP practitioners to predict the likely risk exposure of procuring infrastructure megaprojects through the PPP scheme.展开更多
Ecological compensation plays an important role in implementing the social responsibility of infrastructure mega-projects. Based on the results of a field study, an in-depth interview, and archive data, this paper int...Ecological compensation plays an important role in implementing the social responsibility of infrastructure mega-projects. Based on the results of a field study, an in-depth interview, and archive data, this paper introduces the ecological compensation for Sousa chinensis(the Indo-Pacific humpbacked dolphin) during the construction of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge. It studies the concrete measures, decision-making processes,and organizational collaboration of the ecological compensation, using the method of a case study. The present study not only enriches our understanding of the ecological compensation practice during the construction of infrastructure mega-projects, but also extends the literature on the social responsibility of infrastructure mega-projects.This sheds light on the protection of the environment as well as biodiversity in the construction of future infrastructure mega-projects.展开更多
In this paper the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge project is taken as a case to analyze supplier development in infrastructure mega-projects. Compared with manufacturing industry, the characteristics of supplier develop...In this paper the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge project is taken as a case to analyze supplier development in infrastructure mega-projects. Compared with manufacturing industry, the characteristics of supplier development in infrastructure mega-projects is analyzed in term of development motives, supplier selection, quality management, production mode, owner participation and risks. The critical factors influencing the construction supplier development are identified, which include incentives, collaboration, future market, trust and bilateral communication. Furthermore, focusing on the incentives for the supplier's product quality and production capacity improvement, decision-making framework models are proposed to design the incentive mechanisms.展开更多
Infrastructure mega-projects(IMPs)are large-scale engineering deliverables,such as hydropower projects,highspeed railways,expressway networks,gas pipeline projects,and long-span bridges.IMPs provide fundamental public...Infrastructure mega-projects(IMPs)are large-scale engineering deliverables,such as hydropower projects,highspeed railways,expressway networks,gas pipeline projects,and long-span bridges.IMPs provide fundamental public services for social production,economic development,and daily life,and form the backbone of modern societies.The importance of IMPs has necessitated an improved understanding of how these facilities are managed.展开更多
Mega-projects are characterized by their large-scale investments, long life-cycle, and extraordinary levels of organizational, technological, and environmental complexity （Flyvbjerg, 2017）. They are naturally regard...Mega-projects are characterized by their large-scale investments, long life-cycle, and extraordinary levels of organizational, technological, and environmental complexity （Flyvbjerg, 2017）. They are naturally regarded as large, coupled human, and physical systems consisting of coupled sub-systems linked through flows of human, information, and matter; these systems evolve through time （Bakhshi et al., 2016; Kiridena and Sense, 2016）. Not about let systems be, engineering refers to ＂making things happen＂ with convergence, optimum design, and operation consistency （Mihm et al., 2003; Ottino, 2004）. Specially, mega-projects, which are regarded as typically artificial complex systems, are composed of elements with different properties; connections among those elements change invariably. Mega-project management is proposed to analyze and deal with complexity （Sheng, 2018）.展开更多
Infrastructure mega-projects(IMP), which involve complex interactions and feedback, have more significant impact on economic, social, and other systems.This paper proposes a concept—the IMP complex ecosystem—to anal...Infrastructure mega-projects(IMP), which involve complex interactions and feedback, have more significant impact on economic, social, and other systems.This paper proposes a concept—the IMP complex ecosystem—to analyze IMP from a broad perspective of organic links across engineering, social, economic, and resource environments. Moreover, this paper proposes the theoretical concept, framework, and functions for the IMP complex ecosystem based on complex ecosystem theory.First, the coupling process between IMP complex ecosystem subsystems is analyzed through material flows, energy flows, information flows, and value streams.Second, a logistic model of the IMP complex ecosystem is proposed by analyzing the evolution conditions and motivations. Third, the evolution pattern of the IMP complex ecosystem is determined. Fourth, the positive evolution strategy of the IMP complex ecosystem based on dissipative structure theory and the influencing factors of the evolutionary process is introduced. Finally, the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge and Sousa chinensis are used as the case study. This paper also analyzes the coupling structure on the complex ecosystem of the Hong KongZhuhai-Macao Bridge and investigates the coupling and evolution mechanism application of the IMP complex ecosystem on Sousa chinensis protection for the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge project.展开更多
Infrastructure mega-project(IMP) innovation is a complex process characterized by highly diverse innovators, a dynamic life-cycle, and stickiness of innovation knowledge. The IMP's innovation network can be easily...Infrastructure mega-project(IMP) innovation is a complex process characterized by highly diverse innovators, a dynamic life-cycle, and stickiness of innovation knowledge. The IMP's innovation network can be easily broken due to the fact that the network involves many different innovators across different industries and different projects. Further reasons for the fragility of the IMP's innovation network are the dynamics of the IMP life-cycle, the diversity of the IMP's innovative entities, the uniqueness of each IMP, and the temporary nature of each IMP's organizations. The innovation island formed by the breaking of an IMP's innovation network can stifle and harm innovation performance. Drawing from the knowledge-based view as well as innovation network theory, our research identifies the heterogeneous characteristics of IMP innovation. We propose a framework to analyze the formation mechanism of the IMP innovation island from three dimensions—the horizontal innovation island, the vertical innovation island, and the longitudinal innovation island. We look at the Hong Kong-ZhuhaiMacao Bridge project to elaborate the innovation island concept that negatively impacts IMP innovation. We also offer theoretical implications regarding the broader question of how IMPs can manage their innovation in practice.展开更多
Antibacterial resistance is a global health threat that requires further concrete action on the part of all countries.In this context,one of the biggest concerns is whether enough new antibacterial drugs are being dis...Antibacterial resistance is a global health threat that requires further concrete action on the part of all countries.In this context,one of the biggest concerns is whether enough new antibacterial drugs are being discovered and developed.Although several high-quality reviews on clinical antibacterial drug pipelines from a global perspective were published recently,none provides comprehensive information on original antibacterial drugs at clinical stages in China.In this review,we summarize the latest progress of novel antibacterial drugs approved for marketing and under clinical evaluation in China since 2019.Information was obtained by consulting official websites,searching commercial databases,retrieving literature,asking personnel from institutions or companies,and other means,and a considerable part of the data covered here has not been included in other reviews.As of June 30,2023,a total of 20 antibacterial projects from 17 Chinese pharmaceutical companies or developers were identified and updated.Among them,two new antibacterial drugs that belong to traditional antibiotic classes were approved by the National Medical Products Administration(NMPA)in China in 2019 and 2021,respectively,and 18 antibacterial agents are in clinical development,with one under regulatory evaluation,five in phase-3,six in phase-2,and six in phase-1.Most of the clinical candidates are new analogs or monocomponents of traditional antibacterial pharmacophore types,including two dual-acting hybrid antibiotics and a recombinant antibacterial protein.Overall,despite there being 17 antibacterial clinical candidates,our analysis indicates that there are still relatively few clinically differentiated antibacterial agents in stages of clinical development in China.Hopefully,Chinese pharmaceutical companies and institutions will develop more innovative and clinically differentiated candidates with good market potential in the future research and development(R&D)of original antibacterial drugs.展开更多
基金the Tianjin Philosophy and Social Sciences Planning Subsidy Project No.TJGLQN18-014.
文摘With the acceleration of China's urbanization,the functions and benefits of mega-projects are required higher.With the deepening of"the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road",the quantitative evaluation of multinational investment projects will help strengthen cross-border communication among gov-ernment,society and enterprises,which provide a basis for mutual trust.This study empirically analyzes and evaluates the impact of mega-projects on carrying capacity of cities,by using the DID method based on the panel data of 15 cities in China from 2000 to 2013.The results show that the construction and operation of the first-line project of the West-East gas pipeline has a significant positive impact on the improvement of carrying capacity of cities along the line.However,the degree of impact on three di-mensions is slightly different.The impact on the social carrying capacity is the greatest,then the ecological and economic carrying capacity.Therefore,the decisions of do-mestic mega-projects should be unified with urban planning to promote the sustain-able development of China's economy and social.The investment of mega-projects abroad should also be coordinated with the carrying capacity of host cities,in order to enhance the competitiveness and creativity of Chinese multinational mega-projects investment.
文摘大型工程施工过程中产生了海量的安全隐患排查记录,蕴含了多类隐患要素关联知识,对工程安全管控有重要参考意义。然而,通过人工手段进行隐患危险源信息抽取与其内在关联挖掘耗时费力,难以及时反馈现场管控。提出一种基于通用信息抽取(Universal Information Extraction, UIE)框架与改进Apriori算法的隐患危险源实体智能抽取与知识挖掘方法。首先,基于UIE框架构建危险源实体识别模型,确定实体抽取提示标签,并通过小样本微调实现高效、准确的危险源实体自动抽取;然后,提出考虑隐患数据类型约束改进Apriori算法流程,进行多要素关联规则的挖掘与可视化。实例分析表明,所提出的危险源实体抽取模型在验证集与测试集上的F1值分别达到了0.892和0.886,显著高于基础模型的0.253与0.307,在整体模型上的危险源实体识别率提高了36.66%;此外,利用桑基图和关联网络图对改进Apriori抽取的多要素强关联规则进行可视化,展示出良好的可解释性。可为大型工程的海量安全隐患文本知识挖掘提供了高效、智能化的技术手段,为施工现场针对性安全管控措施制定提供了数据支持。
基金supported by the Hong Kong Ph.D Fellowship Scheme from the Research Grants Council (RGC) of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
文摘Considering the rapid urbanization growth rate particularly in developing countries, the number of infrastructure mega-projects over the past years has risen tremendously. Essentially, because infrastructure megaprojects require huge investment funds, better management skills, well qualified and experienced international expertise and technology innovation, they are mostly preferred to be procured using the PPP method compare to the use of the traditional bid-build system. In this regard, this paper aims to develop a fuzzy evaluation model for assessing the suitability of procuring infrastructure mega-projects through PPP by considering their risk exposure. The main body of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge(HZMB)is used as a case project to demonstrate the practicality of the risk evaluation model. The risk evaluation model consists of four critical risk groupings, these include,construction and land risks, commercial risks, operational risks and political risks. Using the risk evaluation equation,a risk index of 4.53 out of 5.00 is computed for the selected project if it is procured through the PPP scheme. This outcome shows that the case project is not suitable for the PPP approach because its risk exposure is very high. The model developed will enable PPP practitioners to predict the likely risk exposure of procuring infrastructure megaprojects through the PPP scheme.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China:71390525,National Natural Science Foundation of China:71620107004Shanghai Excellent Academic Leaders Program:14XD1402200
文摘Ecological compensation plays an important role in implementing the social responsibility of infrastructure mega-projects. Based on the results of a field study, an in-depth interview, and archive data, this paper introduces the ecological compensation for Sousa chinensis(the Indo-Pacific humpbacked dolphin) during the construction of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge. It studies the concrete measures, decision-making processes,and organizational collaboration of the ecological compensation, using the method of a case study. The present study not only enriches our understanding of the ecological compensation practice during the construction of infrastructure mega-projects, but also extends the literature on the social responsibility of infrastructure mega-projects.This sheds light on the protection of the environment as well as biodiversity in the construction of future infrastructure mega-projects.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.71390524)
文摘In this paper the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge project is taken as a case to analyze supplier development in infrastructure mega-projects. Compared with manufacturing industry, the characteristics of supplier development in infrastructure mega-projects is analyzed in term of development motives, supplier selection, quality management, production mode, owner participation and risks. The critical factors influencing the construction supplier development are identified, which include incentives, collaboration, future market, trust and bilateral communication. Furthermore, focusing on the incentives for the supplier's product quality and production capacity improvement, decision-making framework models are proposed to design the incentive mechanisms.
文摘Infrastructure mega-projects(IMPs)are large-scale engineering deliverables,such as hydropower projects,highspeed railways,expressway networks,gas pipeline projects,and long-span bridges.IMPs provide fundamental public services for social production,economic development,and daily life,and form the backbone of modern societies.The importance of IMPs has necessitated an improved understanding of how these facilities are managed.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.71390521 and 71771125)
文摘Mega-projects are characterized by their large-scale investments, long life-cycle, and extraordinary levels of organizational, technological, and environmental complexity （Flyvbjerg, 2017）. They are naturally regarded as large, coupled human, and physical systems consisting of coupled sub-systems linked through flows of human, information, and matter; these systems evolve through time （Bakhshi et al., 2016; Kiridena and Sense, 2016）. Not about let systems be, engineering refers to ＂making things happen＂ with convergence, optimum design, and operation consistency （Mihm et al., 2003; Ottino, 2004）. Specially, mega-projects, which are regarded as typically artificial complex systems, are composed of elements with different properties; connections among those elements change invariably. Mega-project management is proposed to analyze and deal with complexity （Sheng, 2018）.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.71771067 and 71390522)
文摘Infrastructure mega-projects(IMP), which involve complex interactions and feedback, have more significant impact on economic, social, and other systems.This paper proposes a concept—the IMP complex ecosystem—to analyze IMP from a broad perspective of organic links across engineering, social, economic, and resource environments. Moreover, this paper proposes the theoretical concept, framework, and functions for the IMP complex ecosystem based on complex ecosystem theory.First, the coupling process between IMP complex ecosystem subsystems is analyzed through material flows, energy flows, information flows, and value streams.Second, a logistic model of the IMP complex ecosystem is proposed by analyzing the evolution conditions and motivations. Third, the evolution pattern of the IMP complex ecosystem is determined. Fourth, the positive evolution strategy of the IMP complex ecosystem based on dissipative structure theory and the influencing factors of the evolutionary process is introduced. Finally, the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge and Sousa chinensis are used as the case study. This paper also analyzes the coupling structure on the complex ecosystem of the Hong KongZhuhai-Macao Bridge and investigates the coupling and evolution mechanism application of the IMP complex ecosystem on Sousa chinensis protection for the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge project.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.71390525 and 71620107004)the Shanghai Excellent Academic Leaders Program(Grant No.14XD1402200)
文摘Infrastructure mega-project(IMP) innovation is a complex process characterized by highly diverse innovators, a dynamic life-cycle, and stickiness of innovation knowledge. The IMP's innovation network can be easily broken due to the fact that the network involves many different innovators across different industries and different projects. Further reasons for the fragility of the IMP's innovation network are the dynamics of the IMP life-cycle, the diversity of the IMP's innovative entities, the uniqueness of each IMP, and the temporary nature of each IMP's organizations. The innovation island formed by the breaking of an IMP's innovation network can stifle and harm innovation performance. Drawing from the knowledge-based view as well as innovation network theory, our research identifies the heterogeneous characteristics of IMP innovation. We propose a framework to analyze the formation mechanism of the IMP innovation island from three dimensions—the horizontal innovation island, the vertical innovation island, and the longitudinal innovation island. We look at the Hong Kong-ZhuhaiMacao Bridge project to elaborate the innovation island concept that negatively impacts IMP innovation. We also offer theoretical implications regarding the broader question of how IMPs can manage their innovation in practice.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32141003 and 82330110)the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS+2 种基金2021-I2M-1-039)the National Science and Technology Infrastructure of China(National Pathogen Resource Center-NPRC-32)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2021-PT350-001).
文摘Antibacterial resistance is a global health threat that requires further concrete action on the part of all countries.In this context,one of the biggest concerns is whether enough new antibacterial drugs are being discovered and developed.Although several high-quality reviews on clinical antibacterial drug pipelines from a global perspective were published recently,none provides comprehensive information on original antibacterial drugs at clinical stages in China.In this review,we summarize the latest progress of novel antibacterial drugs approved for marketing and under clinical evaluation in China since 2019.Information was obtained by consulting official websites,searching commercial databases,retrieving literature,asking personnel from institutions or companies,and other means,and a considerable part of the data covered here has not been included in other reviews.As of June 30,2023,a total of 20 antibacterial projects from 17 Chinese pharmaceutical companies or developers were identified and updated.Among them,two new antibacterial drugs that belong to traditional antibiotic classes were approved by the National Medical Products Administration(NMPA)in China in 2019 and 2021,respectively,and 18 antibacterial agents are in clinical development,with one under regulatory evaluation,five in phase-3,six in phase-2,and six in phase-1.Most of the clinical candidates are new analogs or monocomponents of traditional antibacterial pharmacophore types,including two dual-acting hybrid antibiotics and a recombinant antibacterial protein.Overall,despite there being 17 antibacterial clinical candidates,our analysis indicates that there are still relatively few clinically differentiated antibacterial agents in stages of clinical development in China.Hopefully,Chinese pharmaceutical companies and institutions will develop more innovative and clinically differentiated candidates with good market potential in the future research and development(R&D)of original antibacterial drugs.
