The quantitative trait loci(QTL)-by-environment(Q × E) interaction effect is hard to detect because there are no effective ways to control the genomic background. In this study, we propose a linear mixed model th...The quantitative trait loci(QTL)-by-environment(Q × E) interaction effect is hard to detect because there are no effective ways to control the genomic background. In this study, we propose a linear mixed model that simultaneously analyzes data from multiple environments to detect Q × E interactions. This model incorporates two different kinship matrices derived from the genome-wide markers to control both main and interaction polygenic background effects. Simulation studies demonstrate that our approach is more powerful than the meta-analysis and inclusive composite interval mapping methods. We further analyze four agronomic traits of rice across four environments. A main effect QTL is identified for 1000-grain weight(KGW), while no QTL are found for tiller number. Additionally, a large QTL with a significant Q × E interaction is detected on chromosome 7 affecting grain number, yield, and KGW. This region harbors two important genes, PROG1 and Ghd7. Furthermore, we apply our mixed model to analyze lodging in barley across six environments. The six regions exhibiting Q × E interaction effects identified by our approach overlap with the SNPs previously identified using EM and MCMC-based Bayesian methods, further validating the robustness of our approach. Both simulation studies and empirical data analyses show that our method outperforms all other methods compared.展开更多
BACKGROUND： The traditional Chinese medicine acrous gramimeus is the dry rhizome of Acrous gramimeus Soland, a kind of Araceae familial perennial herb, which has a sedation action, anticonvulsant and antiepileptic ef...BACKGROUND： The traditional Chinese medicine acrous gramimeus is the dry rhizome of Acrous gramimeus Soland, a kind of Araceae familial perennial herb, which has a sedation action, anticonvulsant and antiepileptic effect. Its effective component has not been known yet, and α-asarone, the major component of the volatile oil extracted from acrous gramineus, has been supposed to play a necessary role in it. OBJECTIVE： To explore the effects of acrous gramimeu and α-asarone on the reactivity and convulsive threshold to electric stimulation in immature rats, furthermore, attempt to definitize the anticonvulsant effect of α-asarone. DESIGN： A randomized controlled study.SETTINGS： Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of Jilin University; Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences of Jilin University; Department of Neurology, First Clinical Hospital affiliated to Harbin Medical University; Department of Internal Medicine, Children＇s Hospital of Changchun City. MATERIALS ： Seventy 3-week immature Wistar rats （either males or females） of 34-40 g were used. Acrous gramimeu （1 g/bag, the content of α-oasarone was 0.046 26%-0.070 16%） with the batch number of 0307113 was provided by Tianjiang Medicine Company Limited, Jiangyin City. α-asarone tablet （60 mg per tablet） with the batch number of 030219 was provided by Tianwei Pharmaceutical Factory, Shenyang City. α-asarone injectable preparation （2 mL per piece） with the batch number of 030105 was provided by Shuanghe Medicine Limited Company, Beijing City. METHODS ： The experiments were carried out in the Neurological Laboratory of the First Hospital of Jilin University between August and October in 2004.① The 70 rats were randomly divided into intragastric subset and intraperitoneal subset. The intragastric subset included four groups of control, phenobarbital sodium, acrous gramimeu and α-asarone; the intraperitoneal subset included three groups of control, phenobarbital sodium and α-asarone. There were 10 rats per group. ② In the intragastric subset, different group was treated with saline （1 mL for each time, phenobarbital sodium （18 mg/kg per day）, acrous gramineu （2 350 mg/kg per day） and α-asarone （29 mg/kg per day） respectively twice every day for 5 days. In the intraperitoneal subset, different group was treated with saline （0.5 mL）, phenobarbital sodium （29 mg/kg） and α-asarone （2.9 mg/kg） respectively. ③ Before and after administration for 5 days in the intragastric subset as well as before and after administration for about 1 hour in the intraperitoneal subset respectively, the rats were given electric stimulation with the NIHOM KOMDEM multifunctional electrophysiological recorder, and the reactivity and convulsive threshold to electric stimulation of the rats were recorded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The reactivity and convulsive threshold to electric stimulation in immature rats were compared. RESULTS： All the rats were involved in the analysis of results. ① Results for intragastric administration： Before intragastric administration, there were no obvious differences in the reactivity and convulsive threshold to electric stimulation among the groups （P 〉 0.05）. After intragastric administration for 5 days, the reactivity and convulsive threshold to the electric stimulation had no obvious changes in the control group, but those were significantly higher than before administration in the drug administration groups （t=-3.317-7.401, P 〈 0.01）, which were also obviously higher than those in the control group （t=3.027-8.941, P 〈 0.01）, and those in the acrous gramimeu group and α-asarone group were not markedly different from those in the phenobarbital sodium group. ② Results for intraperitoneal injection： Before intraperitoneal injection, the reactivity and convulsive threshold to the electric stimulation had no obvious differences among the groups. After the intraperitoneal injection for 1 hour, the reactivity and convulsive threshold to the electric stimulation had no obvious change in the control group, but those were significantly higher than before administration in the drug administration groups （P 〈 0.01）, which were also obviously higher than those in the control group （t=6.211-7.237, P 〈 0.01; t=4.085-5.633, P 〈 0.05）, and there was no marked difference between α-asarone group and phenobarbital sodium group （P 〉 0.05）.CONCLUSION ： ① As effective anticonvulsants, both acrous gramineu and α-asarone can enhance the reactivity and convulsive threshold of immature rats to electric stimulation. ② As one of the major effective components against convulsion of acrous gramineu, α-asarone is equivalent to phenobarbital sodium.展开更多
Objective: To observe and assess the efficacy enhancing and toxicity attenuating effect of Nuzhen Yangyin Granule (NYG) to the anti-parkinsonism (paralysis agitans) therapy with medopa and ar-tane. Methods: Adopting t...Objective: To observe and assess the efficacy enhancing and toxicity attenuating effect of Nuzhen Yangyin Granule (NYG) to the anti-parkinsonism (paralysis agitans) therapy with medopa and ar-tane. Methods: Adopting the randomized double-blinded method, the effect of adding NYG to 30 patients with Parkinsonism in the treated group,展开更多
This study was conducted to generate genetic information in rice varieties based on a complete diallel crosses over two years. The results indicated that genotype effect was significant for all traits. Genotype ×...This study was conducted to generate genetic information in rice varieties based on a complete diallel crosses over two years. The results indicated that genotype effect was significant for all traits. Genotype × environment interaction effects were significant only for cooked grain length （CGL） and cooked grain shape （CGSH）. General combining ability （GCA） and specific combining ability （SCA） effects were significant for entire traits, which indicated the important roles of both additive and non-additive gene actions. GCA x environment interaction effects were significant for CGL, CGSH and grain elongation index （GEI）. In the controlling of the inheritance of milled grain shape （GSH）, milled grain width （MGW）, GEI, milled grain length （MGL）, CGSH and cooked grain width （CGW）, the additive gene effects were more important than non-additive one. The average degree of dominance was within the range of partial dominance for all of the traits. The narrow-sense heritability was ranged from 0.65 （GSH） to 0.36 （CGL）. GCA effects were significant for all of the parents in milled grain length and it was significant for some of the parents in other traits. The crosses of Deilmani × IRFAON-215 exhibited significant SCA for GEI. The positive mean of heterosis was observed for CGW. The highest maximum values of heterosis were revealed in GEI, flowed by GSH, MGW and CGW. GCA and MPV were significantly and positively correlated together for all traits.展开更多
General and specific environmental adaptation of genotypes is the main goal of breeders.However, genotype-by-environment(G x E) interaction complicates the identification of genotypes for release. This study aimed at ...General and specific environmental adaptation of genotypes is the main goal of breeders.However, genotype-by-environment(G x E) interaction complicates the identification of genotypes for release. This study aimed at analyzing the effects of G x E interaction on the expression of important cassava traits using two multivariate analyses: additive main effects and multiplicative interaction(AMMI) and genotype stability index(GSI). Total carotene content(TCC), postharvest physiological deterioration(PPD), and reaction to viral diseases were significantly affected by G x E interaction effects. The low percent(%)variation due to genotype for cassava brown streak disease(GBSD) explained the influence of environment on CBSD expression. The % variation due to genotype for TCC was higher(96%) than variation due to environment(1.7%) and G x E interaction(2.4%) indicating a low interaction effect of environment on TCC accumulation. The % variation due to genotype was higher than % variation due to environment for all traits but CBSD root necrosis and CBSD on stems, indicating the influence of environment on the severity of the viral diseases. These findings indicate that screening for disease resistance requires multi-environment trials, whereas a single-environment trial suffices to screen for total carotene content.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Programs of China(2024YFF1000100 and 2021YFD1301102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32172702)+3 种基金the State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding (XQSWYZQZ-KFYX-4)Zaozhuang Elite Industrial Innovation ProgramAgricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program (ASTIP-IAS-TS-6)supported by the United States National Science Foundation (NSF) Collaborative Research Grant (DBI-1458515)
文摘The quantitative trait loci(QTL)-by-environment(Q × E) interaction effect is hard to detect because there are no effective ways to control the genomic background. In this study, we propose a linear mixed model that simultaneously analyzes data from multiple environments to detect Q × E interactions. This model incorporates two different kinship matrices derived from the genome-wide markers to control both main and interaction polygenic background effects. Simulation studies demonstrate that our approach is more powerful than the meta-analysis and inclusive composite interval mapping methods. We further analyze four agronomic traits of rice across four environments. A main effect QTL is identified for 1000-grain weight(KGW), while no QTL are found for tiller number. Additionally, a large QTL with a significant Q × E interaction is detected on chromosome 7 affecting grain number, yield, and KGW. This region harbors two important genes, PROG1 and Ghd7. Furthermore, we apply our mixed model to analyze lodging in barley across six environments. The six regions exhibiting Q × E interaction effects identified by our approach overlap with the SNPs previously identified using EM and MCMC-based Bayesian methods, further validating the robustness of our approach. Both simulation studies and empirical data analyses show that our method outperforms all other methods compared.
基金grants from Changchun Bureau of Science and Technology, No. 20030430 Traditional Chinese Medicine and Drug Administration of Jilin Province, No. 2004079
文摘BACKGROUND： The traditional Chinese medicine acrous gramimeus is the dry rhizome of Acrous gramimeus Soland, a kind of Araceae familial perennial herb, which has a sedation action, anticonvulsant and antiepileptic effect. Its effective component has not been known yet, and α-asarone, the major component of the volatile oil extracted from acrous gramineus, has been supposed to play a necessary role in it. OBJECTIVE： To explore the effects of acrous gramimeu and α-asarone on the reactivity and convulsive threshold to electric stimulation in immature rats, furthermore, attempt to definitize the anticonvulsant effect of α-asarone. DESIGN： A randomized controlled study.SETTINGS： Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of Jilin University; Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences of Jilin University; Department of Neurology, First Clinical Hospital affiliated to Harbin Medical University; Department of Internal Medicine, Children＇s Hospital of Changchun City. MATERIALS ： Seventy 3-week immature Wistar rats （either males or females） of 34-40 g were used. Acrous gramimeu （1 g/bag, the content of α-oasarone was 0.046 26%-0.070 16%） with the batch number of 0307113 was provided by Tianjiang Medicine Company Limited, Jiangyin City. α-asarone tablet （60 mg per tablet） with the batch number of 030219 was provided by Tianwei Pharmaceutical Factory, Shenyang City. α-asarone injectable preparation （2 mL per piece） with the batch number of 030105 was provided by Shuanghe Medicine Limited Company, Beijing City. METHODS ： The experiments were carried out in the Neurological Laboratory of the First Hospital of Jilin University between August and October in 2004.① The 70 rats were randomly divided into intragastric subset and intraperitoneal subset. The intragastric subset included four groups of control, phenobarbital sodium, acrous gramimeu and α-asarone; the intraperitoneal subset included three groups of control, phenobarbital sodium and α-asarone. There were 10 rats per group. ② In the intragastric subset, different group was treated with saline （1 mL for each time, phenobarbital sodium （18 mg/kg per day）, acrous gramineu （2 350 mg/kg per day） and α-asarone （29 mg/kg per day） respectively twice every day for 5 days. In the intraperitoneal subset, different group was treated with saline （0.5 mL）, phenobarbital sodium （29 mg/kg） and α-asarone （2.9 mg/kg） respectively. ③ Before and after administration for 5 days in the intragastric subset as well as before and after administration for about 1 hour in the intraperitoneal subset respectively, the rats were given electric stimulation with the NIHOM KOMDEM multifunctional electrophysiological recorder, and the reactivity and convulsive threshold to electric stimulation of the rats were recorded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The reactivity and convulsive threshold to electric stimulation in immature rats were compared. RESULTS： All the rats were involved in the analysis of results. ① Results for intragastric administration： Before intragastric administration, there were no obvious differences in the reactivity and convulsive threshold to electric stimulation among the groups （P 〉 0.05）. After intragastric administration for 5 days, the reactivity and convulsive threshold to the electric stimulation had no obvious changes in the control group, but those were significantly higher than before administration in the drug administration groups （t=-3.317-7.401, P 〈 0.01）, which were also obviously higher than those in the control group （t=3.027-8.941, P 〈 0.01）, and those in the acrous gramimeu group and α-asarone group were not markedly different from those in the phenobarbital sodium group. ② Results for intraperitoneal injection： Before intraperitoneal injection, the reactivity and convulsive threshold to the electric stimulation had no obvious differences among the groups. After the intraperitoneal injection for 1 hour, the reactivity and convulsive threshold to the electric stimulation had no obvious change in the control group, but those were significantly higher than before administration in the drug administration groups （P 〈 0.01）, which were also obviously higher than those in the control group （t=6.211-7.237, P 〈 0.01; t=4.085-5.633, P 〈 0.05）, and there was no marked difference between α-asarone group and phenobarbital sodium group （P 〉 0.05）.CONCLUSION ： ① As effective anticonvulsants, both acrous gramineu and α-asarone can enhance the reactivity and convulsive threshold of immature rats to electric stimulation. ② As one of the major effective components against convulsion of acrous gramineu, α-asarone is equivalent to phenobarbital sodium.
文摘Objective: To observe and assess the efficacy enhancing and toxicity attenuating effect of Nuzhen Yangyin Granule (NYG) to the anti-parkinsonism (paralysis agitans) therapy with medopa and ar-tane. Methods: Adopting the randomized double-blinded method, the effect of adding NYG to 30 patients with Parkinsonism in the treated group,
基金The projcct was carried out in the farm and laboratory of Rice Research Institute of Iran(RRII)in Rasht
文摘This study was conducted to generate genetic information in rice varieties based on a complete diallel crosses over two years. The results indicated that genotype effect was significant for all traits. Genotype × environment interaction effects were significant only for cooked grain length （CGL） and cooked grain shape （CGSH）. General combining ability （GCA） and specific combining ability （SCA） effects were significant for entire traits, which indicated the important roles of both additive and non-additive gene actions. GCA x environment interaction effects were significant for CGL, CGSH and grain elongation index （GEI）. In the controlling of the inheritance of milled grain shape （GSH）, milled grain width （MGW）, GEI, milled grain length （MGL）, CGSH and cooked grain width （CGW）, the additive gene effects were more important than non-additive one. The average degree of dominance was within the range of partial dominance for all of the traits. The narrow-sense heritability was ranged from 0.65 （GSH） to 0.36 （CGL）. GCA effects were significant for all of the parents in milled grain length and it was significant for some of the parents in other traits. The crosses of Deilmani × IRFAON-215 exhibited significant SCA for GEI. The positive mean of heterosis was observed for CGW. The highest maximum values of heterosis were revealed in GEI, flowed by GSH, MGW and CGW. GCA and MPV were significantly and positively correlated together for all traits.
基金funded by the Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA) through the AfricanCenter for Crop Improvement (ACCI) (2007 PASS 022)
文摘General and specific environmental adaptation of genotypes is the main goal of breeders.However, genotype-by-environment(G x E) interaction complicates the identification of genotypes for release. This study aimed at analyzing the effects of G x E interaction on the expression of important cassava traits using two multivariate analyses: additive main effects and multiplicative interaction(AMMI) and genotype stability index(GSI). Total carotene content(TCC), postharvest physiological deterioration(PPD), and reaction to viral diseases were significantly affected by G x E interaction effects. The low percent(%)variation due to genotype for cassava brown streak disease(GBSD) explained the influence of environment on CBSD expression. The % variation due to genotype for TCC was higher(96%) than variation due to environment(1.7%) and G x E interaction(2.4%) indicating a low interaction effect of environment on TCC accumulation. The % variation due to genotype was higher than % variation due to environment for all traits but CBSD root necrosis and CBSD on stems, indicating the influence of environment on the severity of the viral diseases. These findings indicate that screening for disease resistance requires multi-environment trials, whereas a single-environment trial suffices to screen for total carotene content.
