Objectives:Academic Evaluation Anxiety is a significant psychological concern among adolescents,with well-documented impacts on academic performance,emotional well-being,and school engagement.In Portugal,recent eviden...Objectives:Academic Evaluation Anxiety is a significant psychological concern among adolescents,with well-documented impacts on academic performance,emotional well-being,and school engagement.In Portugal,recent evidence suggests growing pressure on students to achieve high academic standards,with psychosocial variables such as resilience,perceived support,and school environment playing a crucial role.This study aims to examine the prevalence and psychosocial predictors of Academic Evaluation Anxiety in Portuguese students,and to identify risk and protective factors that inform educational practice.Methods:This cross-sectional,quantitative study analysed data from 3083 students(5th to 12th grade)from the 2024 National Study by the Observatory of Psychological Health and Well-Being.Validated instruments were used,including the Depression,Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 items(DASS-21),the Social and Emotional Skills Scale(SSES),the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children(HBSC)psychological symptoms and well-being indices,the Positive Youth Development(PYD)scale,and the School Environment Scale.Statistical analyses included descriptive measures,one-way ANOVAs,and multivariate linear regression.Results:Academic Evaluation Anxiety was significantly higher among female students(Mean=2.80,SD=0.93)compared to male students(Mean=2.16,SD=1.10),representing approximately 30%higher mean levels of anxiety in girls(F=306.206,p<0.001).Resilience(β=−0.38,p<0.001),self-confidence(β=−0.07,p=0.02),and creativity(β=−0.06,p=0.01)emerged as protective factors,whereas cooperation(β=0.23,p<0.001),teacher relationships(β=0.08,p<0.001),bullying(β=0.07,p<0.001),and school environment(β=0.05,p=0.03)were positively associated with anxiety levels.Conclusions:Academic Evaluation Anxiety is highly prevalent among Portuguese adolescents,with girls reporting significantly higher levels than boys.Resilience,self-confidence,and creativity act as protective factors,while bullying,teacher relationships,cooperation,and negative school climate increase vulnerability.These findings highlight the need for whole-school strategies that strengthen socio-emotional competencies and create psychologically safe learning environments to support both well-being and academic success.展开更多
this study provided the strong evidence that L2 learner's development patterns in syntactic structure is very similar to the pattern of L1 learners.L2 and L1 learner pass the similar gradual route to get the TL ne...this study provided the strong evidence that L2 learner's development patterns in syntactic structure is very similar to the pattern of L1 learners.L2 and L1 learner pass the similar gradual route to get the TL negative structure.But L2 learners' acquisitional sequences are not completely rigid.Individual learners may be interfered by other social or psychological factors en route and they may take longer than two years and some never travel the whole distance.展开更多
An English-Chinese Dictionary （ 咭唎国译语, Ying Ji Li Guo Yi Yii） and A Portuguese-Chinese Dictionary （播时都噶礼雅话, Bo Lti Duo Ga Li Ya Hua） are reckoned as the coUative dictionaries compiled by the Office of ...An English-Chinese Dictionary （ 咭唎国译语, Ying Ji Li Guo Yi Yii） and A Portuguese-Chinese Dictionary （播时都噶礼雅话, Bo Lti Duo Ga Li Ya Hua） are reckoned as the coUative dictionaries compiled by the Office of Interpreters and Translators （会同四译馆, Hui Tong Si Yi Guan） in Qianlong time （1748）, Qing dynasty. There is only one original manuscript of these books gathered and preserved by the Palace Museum. In the present paper, we intent to introduce the significant value and detailed information of these two official collative dictionaries from social background, process of compilation, and stylistic basis of the book. Meanwhile, we will primarily work out the phonetic principles between Canton dialect and foreign languages also indicate the dialect characteristics after clarifying the faults and errors. The present paper may supply with a rudimentary knowing and resource to the realm of ＂Canton English＂ and ＂Canton Portuguese＂, even to the social status and Chinese dialect in Canton area for certain period. Detailed and specific research, especially for A Portuguese-Chinese Dictionary, still lies for future discovery.展开更多
Weight/length relationships, condition factor, gonadosomatic and hepatosomatic indices, conversion factor for gutted to total weight and spawning season of hake in the Portuguese Coast (36.92 to 42.22 degrees latitude...Weight/length relationships, condition factor, gonadosomatic and hepatosomatic indices, conversion factor for gutted to total weight and spawning season of hake in the Portuguese Coast (36.92 to 42.22 degrees latitude N;9.61 to 6.07 degrees longitude W) were investigated for the first time, aiming to fill the lack of information on the biology of hake of the Portuguese waters. Data were obtained from commercial samples collected between 2005 and 2010 and pooled by month. Sex ratio observed in fish below 40 cmwas close to 1:1;females were always dominant above50 cmlength. All the parameters were analysed by month and by sex and by combined sexes. The relationships obtained for combined sexes for the entire period concerning the growth in length and weight were: total length-total weight =0.0038L3.172, total length-gutted weight =0.0052L3.059. The relationship total weight-gutted weight was Wt = 15.8112 + 0.8480Wg and the conversion factor was of 1.1524. The growth rate is similar for both sexes but different when based on total weight or gutted weight. The analysis of the condition factor, gonadosomatic index, hepatosomatic index and the monthly distribution of the maturity stages seem to indicate that hake from thePortugueseCoasthas a long spawning season, with three spawning peaks in March, May and August but the start of the spawning season seems independent of the fish length.展开更多
BACKGROUND The impact caused by the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)on the Portuguese population has been addressed in areas such as clinical manifestations,frequent comorbidities,and alterations in consumption habi...BACKGROUND The impact caused by the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)on the Portuguese population has been addressed in areas such as clinical manifestations,frequent comorbidities,and alterations in consumption habits.However,comorbidities like liver conditions and changes concerning the Portuguese population's access to healthcare-related services have received less attention.AIM To(1)Review the impact of COVID-19 on the healthcare system;(2)examine the relationship between liver diseases and COVID-19 in infected individuals;and(3)investigate the situation in the Portuguese population concerning these topics.METHODS For our purposes,we conducted a literature review using specific keywords.RESULTS COVID-19 is frequently associated with liver damage.However,liver injury in COVID-19 individuals is a multifactor-mediated effect.Therefore,it remains unclear whether changes in liver laboratory tests are associated with a worse prognosis in Portuguese individuals with COVID-19.CONCLUSION COVID-19 has impacted healthcare systems in Portugal and other countries;the combination of COVID-19 with liver injury is common.Previous liver damage may represent a risk factor that worsens the prognosis in individuals with COVID-19.展开更多
The present work fits into a wider investigation that I have been carrying on for my project on the peculiarities of Portuguese hip hop. Through our reflections today we would like to identify some of the effects of t...The present work fits into a wider investigation that I have been carrying on for my project on the peculiarities of Portuguese hip hop. Through our reflections today we would like to identify some of the effects of the globalizing forces that have perturbed hip-hop culture and discuss if and how these have influenced its original purposes and messages, or the nature itself of the movement. We would also like to offer our perspective on the consequences of the entrance of hip-hop music in the international marketplace since this passage represents an important moment of its history and development and one of the strongest factors of change within this culture. We will take our examples from the Lusophone, and more specifically the Portuguese, hip bop movement, having a look at what it was in the past----or at its beginning--and at what it is today, in order to understand if we can still consider it a manifestation of peripheral voices.展开更多
Arriving to the east African coast in the 16th century, Portuguese faced an important and well-structured commercial network dominated by Muslim merchants. Operating throughout the Indian Ocean and in articulation wit...Arriving to the east African coast in the 16th century, Portuguese faced an important and well-structured commercial network dominated by Muslim merchants. Operating throughout the Indian Ocean and in articulation with the inland African trade routes by way of the coastal settlements from Bazaruto up to the north of Mozambique, this network bustled luxury goods and basic goods benefiting either from a network of inter-personal relationships and kinship that supported the whole business, or from an ancestral knowledge on the techniques and particular procedures indispensable to navigating in the Indian Ocean. This trade made the prosperity of small southern ports, like Sofala or Mozambique long before the Portuguese arrival. However, this trade was so much dependent on the network＇s capacity of organisation and the supply demand relation of the goods involved, as well as on other factors such as the political stability of the African kingdoms, the environmental changes that shaped flows and trade routes or the actual knowledge of the region and of the different forms of organization of local communities. By focusing in the ports of Sofala and Mozambique and the information provided by the Portuguese documents we intend to analyse its evolution during the 16th century in order to understand its role in the Indian Ocean commercial network under Portuguese rule.展开更多
The research on the architecture and urbanism of the former Portuguese Africa allows us to consider and to establish the real intrinsic value, typological and morphological diversity, and the lengthy duration of the l...The research on the architecture and urbanism of the former Portuguese Africa allows us to consider and to establish the real intrinsic value, typological and morphological diversity, and the lengthy duration of the legacy of this architectural/urban heritage. Portuguese colonization in Africa produced more recently, mostly in the period 1950-1975, some vast and great material values, of which seven or eight main cities, including the vast contents of their modern architecture, are striking examples. We can evaluate the most positive aspects with future impact represented by this Portuguese architects＇ practice （cultural ethics, use of modern technology, and service to society） and the architectonic work produced during that era. Although these cities and its architecture were created within a late colonial context of indisputable discrimination, they have prevailed despite wars and circumstantial abandonment. Now they represent a consistent material basis for the modernization and/or revitalization of urban life in these countries. Architects that are at present working and intervening in these countries should understand this ambivalence and complementary nature between the ex-colonial ＂concrete city＂ and the ＂informal city＂ pre- and post-colonial, so that their performance is socially and culturally informed, correct, and positive.展开更多
The Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire [CCMQ] organizes 9 body constitutions according to Traditional Chinese Medicine [TCM]. The translation was realized by a Medical Doctor [MD] specialized in TCM and th...The Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire [CCMQ] organizes 9 body constitutions according to Traditional Chinese Medicine [TCM]. The translation was realized by a Medical Doctor [MD] specialized in TCM and the back translation by an english-speaking MD. Comprehensibility assessment was performed (N = 40, main scores ranged from 4.20 to 4.95). On the test-retest reliability Cronbach’s alpha was 0.920 in the first application and 0.943 in the second, the intraclass correlation scores ranged between good and excellent (0.6 - >0.80). The results show that the adaptation of the CCMQ is valid and ready to be used.展开更多
After the Portuguese leased in Macao in the mid-period of Ming Dynasty, the Portuguese officials here were asked to comply with the law of China more than once. To the Qing dynasty, the Portuguese still stubbornly ref...After the Portuguese leased in Macao in the mid-period of Ming Dynasty, the Portuguese officials here were asked to comply with the law of China more than once. To the Qing dynasty, the Portuguese still stubbornly refused to obey the law of China and often escaped from Chinese criminal law using briberies. In the case about Huiqian CHEN and the processing in the end of 1743, the fact that the Portuguese often escaped from the law of China was changed, and the principle of the Chinese judicial officials about processing the murders about Chinese killed by foreigners was explicitly defined. In this principle, Chinese significant compromises and concessions to the Portuguese were also included, but the criminal jurisdiction was ultimately controlled by the Government of the Qing Dynasty. Thus, the foreign-related criminal procedures conforming to foreign conditions were revised by the government of the Qing Dynasty according to the actual circumstances of Macao. However, the foreign-related criminal procedures revised by the government of the Qing Dynasty were not honestly observed by the Portuguese. After several major cases occurred in Macao, security rules and regulations were further issued by the government of the Qing Dynasty, in which the judicial control power of the government of the Qing Dynasty in Macao was unequivocally stated.展开更多
As foreign language teachers, we always wondered about the silence of our students during the lessons. However, after we started the project ＂Conversation Table in Portuguese＂ （CTP）, we realized that the students ...As foreign language teachers, we always wondered about the silence of our students during the lessons. However, after we started the project ＂Conversation Table in Portuguese＂ （CTP）, we realized that the students assumed a more active role during the interactions, probably due to the less hierarchical situation they were in. The CTP provided the students the opportunity to express themselves in a foreign language without the interdiction they felt inside the classroom. Within this new context, the lack of confidence they might have been facing when communicating in a foreign language started to disappear, giving place to a motivation to express what they felt in this ＂new＂ language. Therefore, the target language started to become a new locus, a new way that made them not feel scared, but free and curious to say things that they would not say in similar situations when communicating in their mother tongue. In other words, the foreign language can be the place where everything seems to be possible as we do not have the control or interdiction imposed by the social values presented in our society and manifested in our mother tongue. In this study, we analyze some discursive situations taken from a session of CTP in which the students show their new identities in the foreign language. The results show that acquiring another language is much more than acquiring new linguistic aspects of communication, but also giving birth to new identities that make us become new subjects.展开更多
At the invitation of the Chinese Associa-tion for Intermational Understanding,a may-ors'delegation of the Portuguese Socialists Party,composed of eight members and headed by Mr.Ferraz de Abredu,former President of...At the invitation of the Chinese Associa-tion for Intermational Understanding,a may-ors'delegation of the Portuguese Socialists Party,composed of eight members and headed by Mr.Ferraz de Abredu,former President of the Portuguese Socialist Party&.Former Dep-uty-Speaker of the Parliament of the Republic of Portugal,visited China during the 2nd to the l0th June 1996.The delegation was met re-spectively by Mr.Wei Jianxing,Member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Commit-tee&.member of the CPC Secretariat,and Mr.Wan Guoquan,Vice-Chairman of the CPPCC National Committee and Vice President of the CAFIU.展开更多
文摘Objectives:Academic Evaluation Anxiety is a significant psychological concern among adolescents,with well-documented impacts on academic performance,emotional well-being,and school engagement.In Portugal,recent evidence suggests growing pressure on students to achieve high academic standards,with psychosocial variables such as resilience,perceived support,and school environment playing a crucial role.This study aims to examine the prevalence and psychosocial predictors of Academic Evaluation Anxiety in Portuguese students,and to identify risk and protective factors that inform educational practice.Methods:This cross-sectional,quantitative study analysed data from 3083 students(5th to 12th grade)from the 2024 National Study by the Observatory of Psychological Health and Well-Being.Validated instruments were used,including the Depression,Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 items(DASS-21),the Social and Emotional Skills Scale(SSES),the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children(HBSC)psychological symptoms and well-being indices,the Positive Youth Development(PYD)scale,and the School Environment Scale.Statistical analyses included descriptive measures,one-way ANOVAs,and multivariate linear regression.Results:Academic Evaluation Anxiety was significantly higher among female students(Mean=2.80,SD=0.93)compared to male students(Mean=2.16,SD=1.10),representing approximately 30%higher mean levels of anxiety in girls(F=306.206,p<0.001).Resilience(β=−0.38,p<0.001),self-confidence(β=−0.07,p=0.02),and creativity(β=−0.06,p=0.01)emerged as protective factors,whereas cooperation(β=0.23,p<0.001),teacher relationships(β=0.08,p<0.001),bullying(β=0.07,p<0.001),and school environment(β=0.05,p=0.03)were positively associated with anxiety levels.Conclusions:Academic Evaluation Anxiety is highly prevalent among Portuguese adolescents,with girls reporting significantly higher levels than boys.Resilience,self-confidence,and creativity act as protective factors,while bullying,teacher relationships,cooperation,and negative school climate increase vulnerability.These findings highlight the need for whole-school strategies that strengthen socio-emotional competencies and create psychologically safe learning environments to support both well-being and academic success.
文摘this study provided the strong evidence that L2 learner's development patterns in syntactic structure is very similar to the pattern of L1 learners.L2 and L1 learner pass the similar gradual route to get the TL negative structure.But L2 learners' acquisitional sequences are not completely rigid.Individual learners may be interfered by other social or psychological factors en route and they may take longer than two years and some never travel the whole distance.
文摘An English-Chinese Dictionary （ 咭唎国译语, Ying Ji Li Guo Yi Yii） and A Portuguese-Chinese Dictionary （播时都噶礼雅话, Bo Lti Duo Ga Li Ya Hua） are reckoned as the coUative dictionaries compiled by the Office of Interpreters and Translators （会同四译馆, Hui Tong Si Yi Guan） in Qianlong time （1748）, Qing dynasty. There is only one original manuscript of these books gathered and preserved by the Palace Museum. In the present paper, we intent to introduce the significant value and detailed information of these two official collative dictionaries from social background, process of compilation, and stylistic basis of the book. Meanwhile, we will primarily work out the phonetic principles between Canton dialect and foreign languages also indicate the dialect characteristics after clarifying the faults and errors. The present paper may supply with a rudimentary knowing and resource to the realm of ＂Canton English＂ and ＂Canton Portuguese＂, even to the social status and Chinese dialect in Canton area for certain period. Detailed and specific research, especially for A Portuguese-Chinese Dictionary, still lies for future discovery.
文摘Weight/length relationships, condition factor, gonadosomatic and hepatosomatic indices, conversion factor for gutted to total weight and spawning season of hake in the Portuguese Coast (36.92 to 42.22 degrees latitude N;9.61 to 6.07 degrees longitude W) were investigated for the first time, aiming to fill the lack of information on the biology of hake of the Portuguese waters. Data were obtained from commercial samples collected between 2005 and 2010 and pooled by month. Sex ratio observed in fish below 40 cmwas close to 1:1;females were always dominant above50 cmlength. All the parameters were analysed by month and by sex and by combined sexes. The relationships obtained for combined sexes for the entire period concerning the growth in length and weight were: total length-total weight =0.0038L3.172, total length-gutted weight =0.0052L3.059. The relationship total weight-gutted weight was Wt = 15.8112 + 0.8480Wg and the conversion factor was of 1.1524. The growth rate is similar for both sexes but different when based on total weight or gutted weight. The analysis of the condition factor, gonadosomatic index, hepatosomatic index and the monthly distribution of the maturity stages seem to indicate that hake from thePortugueseCoasthas a long spawning season, with three spawning peaks in March, May and August but the start of the spawning season seems independent of the fish length.
文摘BACKGROUND The impact caused by the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)on the Portuguese population has been addressed in areas such as clinical manifestations,frequent comorbidities,and alterations in consumption habits.However,comorbidities like liver conditions and changes concerning the Portuguese population's access to healthcare-related services have received less attention.AIM To(1)Review the impact of COVID-19 on the healthcare system;(2)examine the relationship between liver diseases and COVID-19 in infected individuals;and(3)investigate the situation in the Portuguese population concerning these topics.METHODS For our purposes,we conducted a literature review using specific keywords.RESULTS COVID-19 is frequently associated with liver damage.However,liver injury in COVID-19 individuals is a multifactor-mediated effect.Therefore,it remains unclear whether changes in liver laboratory tests are associated with a worse prognosis in Portuguese individuals with COVID-19.CONCLUSION COVID-19 has impacted healthcare systems in Portugal and other countries;the combination of COVID-19 with liver injury is common.Previous liver damage may represent a risk factor that worsens the prognosis in individuals with COVID-19.
文摘The present work fits into a wider investigation that I have been carrying on for my project on the peculiarities of Portuguese hip hop. Through our reflections today we would like to identify some of the effects of the globalizing forces that have perturbed hip-hop culture and discuss if and how these have influenced its original purposes and messages, or the nature itself of the movement. We would also like to offer our perspective on the consequences of the entrance of hip-hop music in the international marketplace since this passage represents an important moment of its history and development and one of the strongest factors of change within this culture. We will take our examples from the Lusophone, and more specifically the Portuguese, hip bop movement, having a look at what it was in the past----or at its beginning--and at what it is today, in order to understand if we can still consider it a manifestation of peripheral voices.
文摘Arriving to the east African coast in the 16th century, Portuguese faced an important and well-structured commercial network dominated by Muslim merchants. Operating throughout the Indian Ocean and in articulation with the inland African trade routes by way of the coastal settlements from Bazaruto up to the north of Mozambique, this network bustled luxury goods and basic goods benefiting either from a network of inter-personal relationships and kinship that supported the whole business, or from an ancestral knowledge on the techniques and particular procedures indispensable to navigating in the Indian Ocean. This trade made the prosperity of small southern ports, like Sofala or Mozambique long before the Portuguese arrival. However, this trade was so much dependent on the network＇s capacity of organisation and the supply demand relation of the goods involved, as well as on other factors such as the political stability of the African kingdoms, the environmental changes that shaped flows and trade routes or the actual knowledge of the region and of the different forms of organization of local communities. By focusing in the ports of Sofala and Mozambique and the information provided by the Portuguese documents we intend to analyse its evolution during the 16th century in order to understand its role in the Indian Ocean commercial network under Portuguese rule.
文摘The research on the architecture and urbanism of the former Portuguese Africa allows us to consider and to establish the real intrinsic value, typological and morphological diversity, and the lengthy duration of the legacy of this architectural/urban heritage. Portuguese colonization in Africa produced more recently, mostly in the period 1950-1975, some vast and great material values, of which seven or eight main cities, including the vast contents of their modern architecture, are striking examples. We can evaluate the most positive aspects with future impact represented by this Portuguese architects＇ practice （cultural ethics, use of modern technology, and service to society） and the architectonic work produced during that era. Although these cities and its architecture were created within a late colonial context of indisputable discrimination, they have prevailed despite wars and circumstantial abandonment. Now they represent a consistent material basis for the modernization and/or revitalization of urban life in these countries. Architects that are at present working and intervening in these countries should understand this ambivalence and complementary nature between the ex-colonial ＂concrete city＂ and the ＂informal city＂ pre- and post-colonial, so that their performance is socially and culturally informed, correct, and positive.
文摘The Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire [CCMQ] organizes 9 body constitutions according to Traditional Chinese Medicine [TCM]. The translation was realized by a Medical Doctor [MD] specialized in TCM and the back translation by an english-speaking MD. Comprehensibility assessment was performed (N = 40, main scores ranged from 4.20 to 4.95). On the test-retest reliability Cronbach’s alpha was 0.920 in the first application and 0.943 in the second, the intraclass correlation scores ranged between good and excellent (0.6 - >0.80). The results show that the adaptation of the CCMQ is valid and ready to be used.
文摘After the Portuguese leased in Macao in the mid-period of Ming Dynasty, the Portuguese officials here were asked to comply with the law of China more than once. To the Qing dynasty, the Portuguese still stubbornly refused to obey the law of China and often escaped from Chinese criminal law using briberies. In the case about Huiqian CHEN and the processing in the end of 1743, the fact that the Portuguese often escaped from the law of China was changed, and the principle of the Chinese judicial officials about processing the murders about Chinese killed by foreigners was explicitly defined. In this principle, Chinese significant compromises and concessions to the Portuguese were also included, but the criminal jurisdiction was ultimately controlled by the Government of the Qing Dynasty. Thus, the foreign-related criminal procedures conforming to foreign conditions were revised by the government of the Qing Dynasty according to the actual circumstances of Macao. However, the foreign-related criminal procedures revised by the government of the Qing Dynasty were not honestly observed by the Portuguese. After several major cases occurred in Macao, security rules and regulations were further issued by the government of the Qing Dynasty, in which the judicial control power of the government of the Qing Dynasty in Macao was unequivocally stated.
文摘As foreign language teachers, we always wondered about the silence of our students during the lessons. However, after we started the project ＂Conversation Table in Portuguese＂ （CTP）, we realized that the students assumed a more active role during the interactions, probably due to the less hierarchical situation they were in. The CTP provided the students the opportunity to express themselves in a foreign language without the interdiction they felt inside the classroom. Within this new context, the lack of confidence they might have been facing when communicating in a foreign language started to disappear, giving place to a motivation to express what they felt in this ＂new＂ language. Therefore, the target language started to become a new locus, a new way that made them not feel scared, but free and curious to say things that they would not say in similar situations when communicating in their mother tongue. In other words, the foreign language can be the place where everything seems to be possible as we do not have the control or interdiction imposed by the social values presented in our society and manifested in our mother tongue. In this study, we analyze some discursive situations taken from a session of CTP in which the students show their new identities in the foreign language. The results show that acquiring another language is much more than acquiring new linguistic aspects of communication, but also giving birth to new identities that make us become new subjects.
文摘At the invitation of the Chinese Associa-tion for Intermational Understanding,a may-ors'delegation of the Portuguese Socialists Party,composed of eight members and headed by Mr.Ferraz de Abredu,former President of the Portuguese Socialist Party&.Former Dep-uty-Speaker of the Parliament of the Republic of Portugal,visited China during the 2nd to the l0th June 1996.The delegation was met re-spectively by Mr.Wei Jianxing,Member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Commit-tee&.member of the CPC Secretariat,and Mr.Wan Guoquan,Vice-Chairman of the CPPCC National Committee and Vice President of the CAFIU.
