The environments of tropical and subtropical coral reef regions(CRR)differ from each other;however,it is not known if these environmental differences influence coral polyp and skeleton microbiome composition.In this s...The environments of tropical and subtropical coral reef regions(CRR)differ from each other;however,it is not known if these environmental differences influence coral polyp and skeleton microbiome composition.In this study,Coelastrea palauensis corals were collected from tropical and subtropical CRR in the South China Sea,and bacterial,archaeal,and fungal communities in polyps and skeletons were analyzed.Results showed that the microbial diversity and composition of C.palauensis significantly differed between the polyps and skeletons,and between the tropical and subtropical CRR.Regarding bacteria associated with corals,C.palauensis was mainly associated with bacteria closely related to the nitrogen cycle in the subtropical CRR.The relative abundances of Terasakiellaceae and Chlorobium in both coral polyps and skeletons in the subtropical CRR were higher than those in the tropical CRR.In the tropical CRR,C.palauensis was mainly associated with opportunistic pathogenic bacteria.The relative abundances of Tenacibaculum and Vibrio in coral polyps and skeletons in the tropical CRR were higher than those in the subtropical CRR.Regarding archaea associated with corals,polyps and skeletons of C.palauensis in both tropical and subtropical reef areas were dominated by n_Woesearchaeales,and the relative abundance of n_Woesearchaeales in skeletons is significantly higher than that in polyps.In addition,the relative abundances of n_Woesearchaeales in polyps and skeletons in the subtropical CRR were significantly higher than those in the tropical CRR.Regarding fungi associated with corals,Ascomycota was dominant in polyps and skeletons in the subtropical CRR,while Sordariomycetes,Periconia,Cladosporium,and Aspergillus were dominant in polyps and skeletons in the tropical CRR.Besides,the diversity differences of coral-associated microorganisms were related to environmental factors such as nutrients and temperature that may affect the survival of coral-associated microorganisms.These results implied that corals may adjust the composition of microorganisms,conducive the coral holobiont to better adapting the environment.Our research will be beneficial in understanding the differences and adaptations of coral polyp and skeletal microbiome.展开更多
Menopause is characterized by the cessation of menstruation and a decline in reproductive function,which is an intrinsic component of the aging process.However,it has been a frequently overlooked field of women’s hea...Menopause is characterized by the cessation of menstruation and a decline in reproductive function,which is an intrinsic component of the aging process.However,it has been a frequently overlooked field of women’s health.The oral and gut microbiota,constituting the largest ecosystem within the human body,are important for maintaining human health and notably contribute to the healthy aging of menopausal women.Therefore,a comprehensive review elucidating the impact of the gut and oral microbiota on menopause for healthy aging is of paramount importance.This paper presents the current understanding of the microbiome during menopause,with a particular focus on alterations in the oral and gut microbiota.Our study elucidates the complex interplay between the microbiome and sex hormone levels,explores microbial crosstalk dynamics,and investigates the associations between the microbiome and diseases linked to menopause.Additionally,this review explores the potential of microbiome-targeting therapies for managing menopause-related diseases.Given that menopause can last for approximately 30 years,gaining insights into how the microbiome and menopause interact could pave the way for innovative interventions,which may result in symptomatic relief from menopause and an increase in quality of life in women.展开更多
This study investigates the diversity of gut microbiota in Metaphire peguana,an earthworm species commonly found in agricultural areas of Thailand.Earthworms play a critical role in soil ecosystems by supporting nutri...This study investigates the diversity of gut microbiota in Metaphire peguana,an earthworm species commonly found in agricultural areas of Thailand.Earthworms play a critical role in soil ecosystems by supporting nutrient cycling and breaking down organic matter.Understanding the microbial diversity in their gut is essential for exploring their ecological contributions.Using Next Generation Sequencing(NGS),we analyzed the mycobiome in the gut of M.peguana.Our findings revealed a high diversity of fungal species,primarily belonging to two major phyla:Ascomycota and Basidiomycota.Ascomycota was the most abundant phylum,comprising 40.1% of the total fungal species identified.A total of 33 distinct fungal species were identified,which underscores the richness of microbial life within the earthworm gut.This study successfully created the first genetic database of the microbial community in M.peguana,providing a foundation for future research in agricultural applications.The microbial species identified,particularly siderophoreproducing fungi,could have significant implications for improving soil fertility and promoting sustainable agricultural practices.The use of NGS technology has enabled comprehensive profiling of microbial communities,allowing for precise identification of fungi that may play essential roles in soil health.Furthermore,the study paves the way for future studies on the potential applications of earthworm gut microbiomes in biotechnology,especially in enhancing soil nutrient availability and plant growth.The findings of this research contribute to the broader understanding of the ecological roles of earthworms and their microbiomes in soil ecosystems.展开更多
Phyllosphere microbiome plays an irreplaceable role in maintaining plant health under stress,but its structure and functions in heavy metal-hyperaccumulating plants remain elusive.Here,the phyllosphere microbiome,inha...Phyllosphere microbiome plays an irreplaceable role in maintaining plant health under stress,but its structure and functions in heavy metal-hyperaccumulating plants remain elusive.Here,the phyllosphere microbiome,inhabiting hyperaccumulating(HE)and non-hyperaccumulating ecotype(NHE)of Sedum alfredii grown in soils with varying heavy metal concentration,was characterized.Compared with NHE,the microbial communityα-diversity was greater in HE.Core phyllosphere taxa with high relative abundance(>10%),including Streptomyces and Nocardia(bacteria),Cladosporium and Acremonium(fungi),were significantly related to cadmium(Cd)and zinc(Zn)concentration and biomass of host plants.Moreover,microbial co-occurrence networks in HE exhibited greater complexity than those in NHE.Additionally,proportions of positive associations in HE bacterial networks increased with the rising heavy metal concentration,indicating a higher resistance of HE phyllosphere microbiome to heavy metal stress.Furthermore,in contrast to NHE,microbial community functions,primarily involved in heavy metal stress resistance,were more abundant in HE,in which microbiome assisted hosts to resist heavy metal stress better.Collectively,this study indicated that phyllosphere microbiome of the hyperaccumulator played an indispensable role in assisting hosts to resist heavy metal stress,and provided new insights into phyllosphere microbial application potential in phytoremediation.展开更多
Atrial fibrillation(AF)is a growing global health burden,with a prevalence of over 52.55 million cases.Rising disability-adjusted life-years,increasing age,and disparities in care have contributed to the worsening sev...Atrial fibrillation(AF)is a growing global health burden,with a prevalence of over 52.55 million cases.Rising disability-adjusted life-years,increasing age,and disparities in care have contributed to the worsening severity and mortality of AF.Modifiable risk factors,such as hypertension,obesity,and diabetes mellitus,are associated with alterations in gut microbiota,making the gut-heart axis a potential therapeutic target.Gut dysbiosis influences AF pathogenesis through inflam-mation,metabolic disruption,and autonomic dysfunction.Key mechanisms include gut barrier dysfunction,short-chain fatty acid(SCFA)depletion,lipopoly-saccharides(LPS)-induced inflammation,and ferroptosis-mediated atrial remodeling.Trimethylamine N-oxide,bile acids,and tryptophan metabolites contribute to arrhythmogenic remodeling.Emerging evidence suggests that dietary interventions,including prebiotics and probiotics,as well as gut surveillance,may help mitigate AF progression.Clinical implications of gut modulation in AF include person-alized dietary strategies,microbiome assessment through metagenomic sequencing,and targeted interventions such as SCFA-based therapies and ferroptosis inhibition.Metabolite surveillance,including LPS and indoxyl sulfate monitoring,may influence the effectiveness of anticoagulant and antiarrhythmic therapy.Despite growing mechanistic evidence linking gut dysbiosis to AF,clinical applications remain unexplored.This review summarizes the current understanding of the gut microbiome's role in AF.展开更多
The gut microbiome plays a pivotal role in immune homeostasis and systemic inflammatory regulation,both of which are critically involved in the pathogenesis and progression of pediatric leukemias.Recent evidence revea...The gut microbiome plays a pivotal role in immune homeostasis and systemic inflammatory regulation,both of which are critically involved in the pathogenesis and progression of pediatric leukemias.Recent evidence reveals that children with leukemia often exhibit distinct gut microbiome profiles at diagnosis,marked by reduced microbial diversity and the enrichment of pro-inflammatory taxa such as Enterococcus and Streptococcus.This microbial dysbiosis may promote leukemogenesis by disrupting immune regulation and driving chronic inflammation.Chemotherapy significantly alters the gut microbiome,inducing dysbiosis characterized by a loss of beneficial commensals and the dominance of pathobionts.Specific microbial signatures,such as the enrichment of Bacteroides,correlate with reduced inflammation and improved prognosis,underscoring the gut microbiome's prognostic value.Emerging therapies,including dietary adjustments,probiotics,and fecal gut microbiome transplantation,aim to restore microbial balance and reduce treatment-related complications.Moreover,gut microbiome profiling shows potential for identifying biomarkers linked to leukemia predisposition,paving the way for early diagnosis and tailored preventive strategies.This mini-review explores recent advancements in understanding the influence of the gut microbiome on pediatric leukemias,emphasizing its role as both a therapeutic target and a prognostic biomarker.Integrating gut microbiome research into clinical practice may help optimize treatment outcomes and improve quality of life for children with leukemia.展开更多
BACKGROUND Anemia is a prevalent and challenging complication in patients with hematologic and solid malignancies,which stems from the direct effects of malignancy,treatment-induced toxicities,and systemic inflammatio...BACKGROUND Anemia is a prevalent and challenging complication in patients with hematologic and solid malignancies,which stems from the direct effects of malignancy,treatment-induced toxicities,and systemic inflammation.It affects patients’survival,functional status,and quality of life profoundly.Recent literature has highlighted the emerging role of the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of cancer-associated anemia.The gut microbiota,through its intricate interplay with iron metabolism,inflammatory pathways,and immune modulation,may either exacerbate or ameliorate anemia depending on its composition,and functional integrity.Dysbiosis,characterized by disruption in the gut microbial ecosystem,is very common in cancer patients.This microbial imbalance is implicated in anemia causation through diminished iron absorption,persistent low-grade inflammation,and suppression of erythropoiesis.AIM To consolidate current evidence regarding the interplay between gut microbiome and anemia in the setting of malignancies.It aims to provide a detailed exploration of the mechanistic links between dysbiosis and anemia,identifies unique challenges associated with various cancer types,and evaluates the efficacy of microbiome-focused therapies.Through this integrative approach,the review seeks to establish a foundation for innovative clinical strategies aimed at mitigating anemia and improving patient outcomes in oncology.METHODS A literature search was performed using multiple databases,including Google Scholar,PubMed,Scopus,and Web of Science,using a combination of keywords and Boolean operators to refine results.Keywords included“cancerassociated anemia”,“gut microbiome”,“intestinal microbiota”,“iron metabolism”,“gut dysbiosis”,“short-chain fatty acids”,“hematopoiesis”,“probiotics”,“prebiotics”,and“fecal microbiota transplantation”.Articles published in English between 2000 and December 2024 were included,with a focus on contemporary and relevant findings.RESULTS Therapeutic strategies aimed at restoration of gut microbial homeostasis,such as probiotics,prebiotics,dietary interventions,and fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT),can inhibit anemia-causing pathways by enhancing microbial diversity,suppressing detrimental flora,reducing systemic inflammation and optimizing nutrient absorption.CONCLUSION Gut dysbiosis causes anemia and impairs response to chemotherapy in cancer patients.Microbiome-centered interventions,such as probiotics,prebiotics,dietary modifications,and FMT,have shown efficacy in restoring microbial balance,reducing inflammation,and enhancing nutrient bioavailability.Emerging approaches,including engineered probiotics and bacteriophage therapies,are promising precision-based,customizable solutions for various microbiome compositions and imbalances.Future research should focus on integrating microbiometargeted strategies with established anemia therapies.展开更多
The gut microbiome comprises a vast community of microbes inhabiting the human alimentary canal,playing a crucial role in various physiological functions.These microbes generally live in harmony with the host;however,...The gut microbiome comprises a vast community of microbes inhabiting the human alimentary canal,playing a crucial role in various physiological functions.These microbes generally live in harmony with the host;however,when dysbiosis occurs,it can contribute to the pathogenesis of diseases,including osteoporosis.Osteoporosis,a systemic skeletal disease characterized by reduced bone mass and increased fracture risk,has attracted significant research attention concerning the role of gut microbes in its development.Advances in molecular biology have highlighted the influence of gut microbiota on osteoporosis through mechanisms involving immunoregulation,modulation of the gut-brain axis,and regulation of the intestinal barrier and nutrient absorption.These microbes can enhance bone mass by inhibiting osteoclast differentiation,inducing apoptosis,reducing bone resorption,and promoting osteoblast proliferation and maturation.Despite these promising findings,the therapeutic effectiveness of targeting gut microbes in osteoporosis requires further investigation.Notably,gut microbiota has been increasingly studied for their potential in early diagnosis,intervention,and as an adjunct therapy for osteoporosis,suggesting a growing utility in improving bone health.Further research is essential to fully elucidate the therapeutic potential and clinical application of gut microbiome modulation in the management of osteoporosis.展开更多
The community of microorganisms that colonize certain areas of the human body is called microbiota.Microorganisms such as bacteria,fungi and viruses make up the microbiota.The sum of the genomes of these microorganism...The community of microorganisms that colonize certain areas of the human body is called microbiota.Microorganisms such as bacteria,fungi and viruses make up the microbiota.The sum of the genomes of these microorganisms and microorganisms refers to the microbiome.It has been shown that microbiota has important effects such as protecting the organ from pathogens,contributing to metabolic functions(such as vitamin synthesis,carbohydrate digestion)and providing immunoregulation.Dysbiosis refers to compositional and functional changes in the microbiota.At the beginning of the 21st century,numerous studies have investigated the human microbiota and its imbalance in relation to various diseases and found that dysbiosis is associated with many diseases.The aim of this minireview article is to provide brief information about dysbiosis and its care and to raise awareness.展开更多
The gut microbiome,a complex ecosystem of microorganisms,has a significant role in modulating pain,particularly within orthopaedic conditions.Its impact on immune and neurological functions is underscored by the gut-b...The gut microbiome,a complex ecosystem of microorganisms,has a significant role in modulating pain,particularly within orthopaedic conditions.Its impact on immune and neurological functions is underscored by the gut-brain axis,which influences inflammation,pain perception,and systemic immune responses.This integrative review examines current research on how gut dysbiosis is associated with various pain pathways,notably nociceptive and neuroinflammatory mechanisms linked to central sensitization.We highlight advancements in meta-omics technologies,such as metagenomics and metaproteomics,which deepen our understanding of microbiome-host interactions and their implications in pain.Recent studies emphasize that gut-derived short-chain fatty acids and microbial metabolites play roles in modulating neuroinflammation and nociception,contributing to pain management.Probiotics,prebiotics,synbiotics,and faecal microbiome transplants are explored as potential therapeutic strategies to alleviate pain through gut microbiome modulation,offering an adjunct or alternative to opioids.However,variability in individual microbiomes poses challenges to standardizing these treatments,necessitating further rigorous clinical trials.A multidisciplinary approach combining microbiology,immunology,neurology,and orthopaedics is essential to develop innovative,personalized pain management strategies rooted in gut health,with potential to transform orthopaedic pain care.展开更多
Brief description Climate change represents an unparalleled existential threat to humanity in the twenty-first century,demanding urgent and sustained global attention.Among the vast array of actors shaping Earth’s cl...Brief description Climate change represents an unparalleled existential threat to humanity in the twenty-first century,demanding urgent and sustained global attention.Among the vast array of actors shaping Earth’s climate system,microorganisms occupy a uniquely significant position.As the planet’s most abundant and diverse life forms,they not only respond sensitively to climatic change but also exert profound influence upon them.Microbes-comprising viruses,bacteria,archaea,fungi,algae,and protozoa-pervade from terrestrial soils and urban infrastructures to atmospheric layers,subterranean environments,and aquatic ecosystems.By virtue of their staggering abundance and metabolic diversity,microbes drive the cycling of essential elements at a planetary scale,sustain key symbiotic relationships with agricultural crops,and function as both sources and sinks of greenhouse gases.Thus,microorganisms must be recognized as indispensable agents within the Earth system,integral to understanding and addressing the dynamics of climate change.展开更多
BACKGROUND The gut microbiome is associated with hepatic encephalopathy(HE),but research results on the gut microbiome characteristics of patients with liver cirrhosis with and without HE are inconsistent.AIM To study...BACKGROUND The gut microbiome is associated with hepatic encephalopathy(HE),but research results on the gut microbiome characteristics of patients with liver cirrhosis with and without HE are inconsistent.AIM To study the gut microbiota characteristics of patients with liver cirrhosis with and without HE.METHODS We searched the PubMed,Web of Science,EMBASE,and Cochrane databases using two keywords,HE,and gut microbiome.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,suitable literature was screened to extract data on the diversity and composition of the fecal microbiota in patients with liver cirrhosis with and without HE.The data were analyzed using RevMan and STATA.RESULTS Seventeen studies were included:(1)A meta-analysis of 7 studies revealed that the Shannon index in liver cirrhosis patients with HE was significantly lower than that in patients without HE[-0.20,95%confidence interval(CI):-0.28 to-0.13,I2=20%];(2)The relative abundances of Lachnospiraceae(-2.73,95%CI:-4.58 to-0.87,I2=38%)and Ruminococcaceae(-2.93,95%CI:-4.29 to-1.56,I2=0%)in liver cirrhosis patients with HE was significantly lower than those in patients without HE;(3)In patients with HE,Enterococcus,Proteobacteria,Enterococcaceae,and Enterobacteriaceae proportions increased,but Ruminococcaceae,Lachnospiraceae,Prevotellaceae,and Bacteroidetes proportions decreased;(4)Differences in the fecal metabolome between liver cirrhosis patients with and without HE were detected;and(5)Differential gut microbiomes may serve as diagnostic and prognostic tools.CONCLUSION The gut microbiomes of patients with liver cirrhosis with and without HE differ.Some gut microbiomes may distinguish liver cirrhosis patients with or without HE and determine patient prognosis.展开更多
Infancy and toddlerhood are critical phases of life,as the gut microbiota is established here,which influences current and future health.During this period,the microbiota was relatively less stable and highly responsi...Infancy and toddlerhood are critical phases of life,as the gut microbiota is established here,which influences current and future health.During this period,the microbiota was relatively less stable and highly responsive to environmental factors.Therefore,it is important to understand how dietary factors affect this complex stage of microbial assembly.The effect of feeding practices(breast milk/formula) on microbial colonization in early infancy has been actively studied;however,studies on the effect of diet on the gut microbiota during the complementary feeding period are sparse.The introduction of complementary foods provides abundant new dietary compounds for the gut microbiota,which induces a shift in gut microbiota and metabolism from milk-adapted toward a more mature and diverse adult-like community.Herein,we discuss the impact of dietary nutrients(carbohydrates,proteins,fats,vitamins,and minerals) on microbiome of infants and toddlers.Furthermore,this review summarizes the effects of complementary feeding patterns,specific foods(such as cereals;legumes and nuts;vegetables and fruits;meats;dairy products),food additives,and malnutrition(undernutrition or overnutrition) on gut microbiota of this populations.These findings might deepen our comprehension of the complex interactions between diets and the development and establishment of the gut microbiota.This may facilitate the tailoring of interventions aimed at promoting beneficial modifications within the gut microbial community.Furthermore,the insights gained could inform the design and implementation of safe and efficacious complementary feeding practices.展开更多
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment is one of the common clinical manifestations of depression,causing negative distress to patients.Elevated homocysteine(Hcy)concentrations and gut microbiome dysfunction may be observed ...BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment is one of the common clinical manifestations of depression,causing negative distress to patients.Elevated homocysteine(Hcy)concentrations and gut microbiome dysfunction may be observed in patients with depression.AIM To investigate the relationship between Hcy,microbiome,and cognition in depressive patients.METHODS We recruited 67 patients with major depressive disorder(MDD)(MDD group)and 94 healthy controls(HCs)individuals(HCs group).Serum Hcy levels were determined using the enzyme circulation method.16s rRNA sequencing was used to classify and identify the fecal bacteria.17 Hamilton depression rating scale and MATRICS consensus cognitive battery were used to evaluate mood states and cognition in patients with MDD. Correlation analysis was performed to explore the correlation between fecal flora,Hcy, and depressive cognitive function.RESULTSElevated serum levels of Hcy were seen in patients with MDD compared to healthy individuals. Patients withMDD indicated significant decreases in cognitive scores (P < 0.001) in six modules: Speed of processing, workingmemory, visual learning, reasoning and problem-solving, social cognition, and total scores. Hcy levels showed anegative correlation with processing speed, social cognition, and total MDD scores (P < 0.05). Hcy was alsosignificantly negatively correlated with Alistipes, Ruminococcae, Tenericides, and Porphyromonas (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONOur results highlight that Hcy was correlated with cognition and gut microbiome in MDD. This interaction may berelated to the physiological and pathological mechanisms underlying cognitive deficits in depression.展开更多
BACKGROUND Endoscopic interventions play a vital role in diagnosing and managing gastrointestinal diseases,but complications such as bleeding,infection,and delayed healing can adversely affect patient outcomes.The inf...BACKGROUND Endoscopic interventions play a vital role in diagnosing and managing gastrointestinal diseases,but complications such as bleeding,infection,and delayed healing can adversely affect patient outcomes.The influence of the gut microbiome on these outcomes is increasingly being recognized.AIM To evaluate the role of the gut microbiome in influencing clinical outcomes after endoscopic interventions,focusing on microbial diversity,specific taxa,metabolic functions,and emerging predictive models.METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed,EMBASE,and Cochrane databases up to May 2025,selecting human studies that analyzed gut microbiome composition or function in relation to endoscopic interventions and clinical outcomes.Microbiome analysis techniques included 16S rRNA gene sequencing,metagenomics,and metabolomics.RESULTS Forty-two studies met the inclusion criteria.Our review identifies key beneficial microbes,such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Bacteroides spp.,which support mucosal healing.In contrast,dysbiosis(e.g.,an increased abundance of Proteobacteria)is associated with poorer healing and higher complication rates.Notably,microbiome-informed predictive models have shown strong potential for forecasting post-procedural complications,offering a pathway to personalized treatment strategies.Probiotics have also emerged as a promising intervention,helping to restore microbial balance and reduce complications such as infection and delayed healing.CONCLUSION The gut microbiome plays a significant role in recovery after endoscopy.Integrating microbiome analysis into clinical decision-making could improve outcomes through personalized predictions and targeted therapies.Future research should focus on standardizing microbiome assessment protocols and validating predictive models to optimize patient care.展开更多
Background With the global expansion of aquaculture and the increasing demand for fish meal,identifying appropriate and sustainable alternative protein sources for aquafeeds has become essential.Single-cell protein(SC...Background With the global expansion of aquaculture and the increasing demand for fish meal,identifying appropriate and sustainable alternative protein sources for aquafeeds has become essential.Single-cell protein(SCP),derived from methanotrophic bacteria,presents a promising alternative by converting methane into protein,potentially addressing both the need for alternative protein sources and reducing industrial greenhouse gas emissions.This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different levels of SCP inclusion(0%,25%,50%,and 75%fish meal replacement)on the health,gene expression,and gut microbiome of yellowtail kingfish(YTK,Seriola lalandi)following a 35-day growth trial.Results The study found that SCP inclusion at the highest level of fishmeal replacement(75%)induced a mild inflammatory response in the hindgut of the fish.However,micromorphological assessments of the hindgut,serum biochemistry,and gene expression analyses revealed no significant detrimental effects from SCP replacement.Notably,there were indications of improved lipid digestibility with SCP.Furthermore,SCP inclusion significantly enhanced microbial richness and altered the composition of the gut microbiome,introducing beneficial bacterial taxa that may contribute to improved gut health and resilience.Conclusions This study highlights SCP as a viable and sustainable alternative to fish meal in YTK diets.The findings suggest that SCP can be included in YTK diets without adverse health effects at moderate levels and may even offer benefits in terms of lipid digestibility and gut microbiome diversity.These results contribute to the advancement of more sustainable aquaculture practices.展开更多
Background Dietary protein level and amino acid(AA)balance are crucial determinants of animal health and productivity.Supplementing rumen-protected AAs in low-protein diets was considered as an efficient strategy to i...Background Dietary protein level and amino acid(AA)balance are crucial determinants of animal health and productivity.Supplementing rumen-protected AAs in low-protein diets was considered as an efficient strategy to improve the growth performance of ruminants.The colon serves as a crucial conduit for nutrient metabolism during rumen-protected methionine(RPMet)and rumen-protected lysine(RPLys)supplementation,however,it has been challenging to clarify which specific microbiota and their metabolites play a pivotal role in this process.Here,we applied metagenomic and metabolomic approaches to compare the characteristic microbiome and metabolic strategies in the colon of lambs fed a control diet(CON),a low-protein diet(LP)or a LP diet supplemented with RPMet and RPLys(LR).Results The LP treatment decreased the average daily weight gain(ADG)in lambs,while the LR treatment tended to elicit a remission in ADG.The butyrate molar concentration was greater(P<0.05),while acetate molar concentration(P<0.05)was lower for lambs fed the LP and LR diets compared to those fed the CON diet.Moreover,the LP treatment remarkably decreased total AA concentration(P<0.05),while LR treatment showed an improvement in the concentrations of methionine,lysine,leucine,glutamate,and tryptophan.Metagenomic insights proved that the microbial metabolic potentials referring to biosynthesis of volatile fatty acids(VFAs)and AAs in the colon were remarkably altered by three dietary treatments.Metagenomic binning identified distinct microbial markers for the CON group(Alistipes spp.,Phocaeicola spp.,and Ruminococcus spp.),LP group(Fibrobacter spp.,Prevotella spp.,Ruminococcus spp.,and Escherichia coli),and LR group(Akkermansia muciniphila and RUG099 spp.).Conclusions Our findings suggest that RPMet and RPLys supplementation to the low-protein diet could enhance the microbial biosynthesis of butyrate and amino acids,enriche the beneficial bacteria in the colon,and thereby improve the growth performance of lambs.展开更多
Background Nitrogen-Use-Efficiency(NUE)in lactating dairy cows,defined as milk nitrogen(N)output as a proportion of N consumed,is low,with the majority of excess N excreted in manure.Excreted N can be lost to the envi...Background Nitrogen-Use-Efficiency(NUE)in lactating dairy cows,defined as milk nitrogen(N)output as a proportion of N consumed,is low,with the majority of excess N excreted in manure.Excreted N can be lost to the environment as ammonia gas leading to environmental acidification and nutrient enrichment of sensitive habitats,and to watercourses contributing to aquatic eutrophication.While there is much evidence that NUE can be improved by reducing the crude protein(CP)content of dairy cow diets,the long-term impacts of feeding lower protein diets on cow performance and the rumen microbiome are less well understood.This study examined the effects of reducing the CP contents of dairy cow diets on cow performance,NUE,the relationship between NUE and residual feed intake(RFI),and the rumen microbiome.Results Dietary CP content did not affect feed intake,milk yield or milk composition(P>0.05),except for milk urea N(MUN),which increased with increasing diet CP content(P<0.05).The mean NUE was 34%,34%and 31%for the LCP(low-protein,15%),MCP(medium-protein,16%),and HCP(high-protein,17%)diets,respectively.RFI was negatively correlated with NUE(r=−0.57,P<0.001).The rumen ammonia-N concentrations increased with increasing dietary CP;however,the ruminal pH and volatile fatty acid(VFA)content of the rumen fluid remained constant.Predicted urinary N excretion was greater in the HCP and MCP diets than in the LCP diet.Reducing dietary CP content in dairy cow diets did not affect microbial composition,diversity and functional profiles.The family Bacteroidaceae was more abundant in HE(high-efficiency)cows,whereas the Methanobacteriaceae and the genus Methanobrevibacter were more abundant in LE(low-efficiency)cows.Additionally,propanoate metabolism,cysteine and methionine metabolism and amino acid biosynthesis pathways were more abundant in HE cows,whilst the methane(CH4)metabolism pathway was upregulated in LE cows.Conclusions The results demonstrate that diet CP can be reduced with no loss in cow performance,but with an associated reduction in N excretion.The abundance of microbial populations differed between low and high efficiency cows,which may contribute to the differences in efficiency observed.展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),a primary malignancy of the liver and leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide,poses substantial therapeutic challenges,particularly in advanced and unresectable stages.Immune ...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),a primary malignancy of the liver and leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide,poses substantial therapeutic challenges,particularly in advanced and unresectable stages.Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)have emerged as critical therapeutic agents,targeting immune checkpoint pathways to restore antitumor immune responses.Combinations such as atezolizumab(anti-programmed cell death ligand 1 with bevacizumab antivascular endothelial growth factor),as well as antibodies directed against cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 and programmed cell death protein 1(e.g.,ipilimumab and nivolumab),have demonstrated improved clinical outcome in selected patients.However,the overall efficacy of ICIs remains hindered by variable response rate and primary or acquired resistance.Recent evidence suggests that the gut microbiome plays a pivotal role in modulating host immune responses and may significantly influence the therapeutic efficacy of ICIs.Dysbiosis within the gut-liver axis has been implicated not only in pathogenesis and progression of HCC but also diminishing immunotherapy effectiveness.Emerging studies highlight the potential of microbiome-targeted interventions including dietary modulation,prebiotics,probiotics,and fecal microbiota transplantation to enhance ICIs responsiveness.This review explores the evolving interplay between the gut microbiota and immunotherapy in HCC,with a focus on microbiome-based strategies aimed at optimizing clinical outcomes.展开更多
Alcohol-associated liver disease,metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease,and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis are chronic liver diseases(CLDs)driven by metabolic dysregulation,immune d...Alcohol-associated liver disease,metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease,and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis are chronic liver diseases(CLDs)driven by metabolic dysregulation,immune dysfunction,and gut microbiome alterations.Current treatments are inadequate and provide only symptomatic relief in most cases,underscoring the urgent need for forwardlooking approaches.The disturbances in gut and liver communication contribute towards disease progression,making microbiome-based therapeutic strategies an area of growing interest.Nanoparticles have emerged as a powerful tool for drug delivery with high targetability,stability,and targeted release.Further,artificial intelligence offers a transformative approach by accelerating nanoparticle design,optimizing microbial therapy formulations,predicting treatment responses,and personalizing interventions based on patient-specific microbiota compositions.Herein,we give an overview of important liver diseases,key nanocarrier types,and the approaches wherein nanocarriers have been integrated to modulate gut microbiota for the therapy of CLDs.We also describe future directions and the challenges,which need to be overcome for wide scale application and tailored use of gut microbiome-focused nano-drug delivery carriers for the therapy of CLDs.Despite current hurdles,the integration of nanotechnology,microbiome therapeutics,and artificial intelligence-driven precision medicine holds immense promise for reshaping the treatment landscape of CLDs.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 42206157,42030502,and 42090041the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province under contract No.2022GXNSFBA035449the Self-Topic Project of Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea under contract No.GXLSCRSCS2022103.
文摘The environments of tropical and subtropical coral reef regions(CRR)differ from each other;however,it is not known if these environmental differences influence coral polyp and skeleton microbiome composition.In this study,Coelastrea palauensis corals were collected from tropical and subtropical CRR in the South China Sea,and bacterial,archaeal,and fungal communities in polyps and skeletons were analyzed.Results showed that the microbial diversity and composition of C.palauensis significantly differed between the polyps and skeletons,and between the tropical and subtropical CRR.Regarding bacteria associated with corals,C.palauensis was mainly associated with bacteria closely related to the nitrogen cycle in the subtropical CRR.The relative abundances of Terasakiellaceae and Chlorobium in both coral polyps and skeletons in the subtropical CRR were higher than those in the tropical CRR.In the tropical CRR,C.palauensis was mainly associated with opportunistic pathogenic bacteria.The relative abundances of Tenacibaculum and Vibrio in coral polyps and skeletons in the tropical CRR were higher than those in the subtropical CRR.Regarding archaea associated with corals,polyps and skeletons of C.palauensis in both tropical and subtropical reef areas were dominated by n_Woesearchaeales,and the relative abundance of n_Woesearchaeales in skeletons is significantly higher than that in polyps.In addition,the relative abundances of n_Woesearchaeales in polyps and skeletons in the subtropical CRR were significantly higher than those in the tropical CRR.Regarding fungi associated with corals,Ascomycota was dominant in polyps and skeletons in the subtropical CRR,while Sordariomycetes,Periconia,Cladosporium,and Aspergillus were dominant in polyps and skeletons in the tropical CRR.Besides,the diversity differences of coral-associated microorganisms were related to environmental factors such as nutrients and temperature that may affect the survival of coral-associated microorganisms.These results implied that corals may adjust the composition of microorganisms,conducive the coral holobiont to better adapting the environment.Our research will be beneficial in understanding the differences and adaptations of coral polyp and skeletal microbiome.
基金supported by Science&Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program(2022FY100800)the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS)(2021-12M-1-023/2023-12M-C&T-B-005)+1 种基金Funding for Reform and Development of Beijing Municipal Health Commissionthe National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(2022-PUMCH-B-094).
文摘Menopause is characterized by the cessation of menstruation and a decline in reproductive function,which is an intrinsic component of the aging process.However,it has been a frequently overlooked field of women’s health.The oral and gut microbiota,constituting the largest ecosystem within the human body,are important for maintaining human health and notably contribute to the healthy aging of menopausal women.Therefore,a comprehensive review elucidating the impact of the gut and oral microbiota on menopause for healthy aging is of paramount importance.This paper presents the current understanding of the microbiome during menopause,with a particular focus on alterations in the oral and gut microbiota.Our study elucidates the complex interplay between the microbiome and sex hormone levels,explores microbial crosstalk dynamics,and investigates the associations between the microbiome and diseases linked to menopause.Additionally,this review explores the potential of microbiome-targeting therapies for managing menopause-related diseases.Given that menopause can last for approximately 30 years,gaining insights into how the microbiome and menopause interact could pave the way for innovative interventions,which may result in symptomatic relief from menopause and an increase in quality of life in women.
文摘This study investigates the diversity of gut microbiota in Metaphire peguana,an earthworm species commonly found in agricultural areas of Thailand.Earthworms play a critical role in soil ecosystems by supporting nutrient cycling and breaking down organic matter.Understanding the microbial diversity in their gut is essential for exploring their ecological contributions.Using Next Generation Sequencing(NGS),we analyzed the mycobiome in the gut of M.peguana.Our findings revealed a high diversity of fungal species,primarily belonging to two major phyla:Ascomycota and Basidiomycota.Ascomycota was the most abundant phylum,comprising 40.1% of the total fungal species identified.A total of 33 distinct fungal species were identified,which underscores the richness of microbial life within the earthworm gut.This study successfully created the first genetic database of the microbial community in M.peguana,providing a foundation for future research in agricultural applications.The microbial species identified,particularly siderophoreproducing fungi,could have significant implications for improving soil fertility and promoting sustainable agricultural practices.The use of NGS technology has enabled comprehensive profiling of microbial communities,allowing for precise identification of fungi that may play essential roles in soil health.Furthermore,the study paves the way for future studies on the potential applications of earthworm gut microbiomes in biotechnology,especially in enhancing soil nutrient availability and plant growth.The findings of this research contribute to the broader understanding of the ecological roles of earthworms and their microbiomes in soil ecosystems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42177008,and 42377005)the fellowship of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M712770)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Phyllosphere microbiome plays an irreplaceable role in maintaining plant health under stress,but its structure and functions in heavy metal-hyperaccumulating plants remain elusive.Here,the phyllosphere microbiome,inhabiting hyperaccumulating(HE)and non-hyperaccumulating ecotype(NHE)of Sedum alfredii grown in soils with varying heavy metal concentration,was characterized.Compared with NHE,the microbial communityα-diversity was greater in HE.Core phyllosphere taxa with high relative abundance(>10%),including Streptomyces and Nocardia(bacteria),Cladosporium and Acremonium(fungi),were significantly related to cadmium(Cd)and zinc(Zn)concentration and biomass of host plants.Moreover,microbial co-occurrence networks in HE exhibited greater complexity than those in NHE.Additionally,proportions of positive associations in HE bacterial networks increased with the rising heavy metal concentration,indicating a higher resistance of HE phyllosphere microbiome to heavy metal stress.Furthermore,in contrast to NHE,microbial community functions,primarily involved in heavy metal stress resistance,were more abundant in HE,in which microbiome assisted hosts to resist heavy metal stress better.Collectively,this study indicated that phyllosphere microbiome of the hyperaccumulator played an indispensable role in assisting hosts to resist heavy metal stress,and provided new insights into phyllosphere microbial application potential in phytoremediation.
文摘Atrial fibrillation(AF)is a growing global health burden,with a prevalence of over 52.55 million cases.Rising disability-adjusted life-years,increasing age,and disparities in care have contributed to the worsening severity and mortality of AF.Modifiable risk factors,such as hypertension,obesity,and diabetes mellitus,are associated with alterations in gut microbiota,making the gut-heart axis a potential therapeutic target.Gut dysbiosis influences AF pathogenesis through inflam-mation,metabolic disruption,and autonomic dysfunction.Key mechanisms include gut barrier dysfunction,short-chain fatty acid(SCFA)depletion,lipopoly-saccharides(LPS)-induced inflammation,and ferroptosis-mediated atrial remodeling.Trimethylamine N-oxide,bile acids,and tryptophan metabolites contribute to arrhythmogenic remodeling.Emerging evidence suggests that dietary interventions,including prebiotics and probiotics,as well as gut surveillance,may help mitigate AF progression.Clinical implications of gut modulation in AF include person-alized dietary strategies,microbiome assessment through metagenomic sequencing,and targeted interventions such as SCFA-based therapies and ferroptosis inhibition.Metabolite surveillance,including LPS and indoxyl sulfate monitoring,may influence the effectiveness of anticoagulant and antiarrhythmic therapy.Despite growing mechanistic evidence linking gut dysbiosis to AF,clinical applications remain unexplored.This review summarizes the current understanding of the gut microbiome's role in AF.
文摘The gut microbiome plays a pivotal role in immune homeostasis and systemic inflammatory regulation,both of which are critically involved in the pathogenesis and progression of pediatric leukemias.Recent evidence reveals that children with leukemia often exhibit distinct gut microbiome profiles at diagnosis,marked by reduced microbial diversity and the enrichment of pro-inflammatory taxa such as Enterococcus and Streptococcus.This microbial dysbiosis may promote leukemogenesis by disrupting immune regulation and driving chronic inflammation.Chemotherapy significantly alters the gut microbiome,inducing dysbiosis characterized by a loss of beneficial commensals and the dominance of pathobionts.Specific microbial signatures,such as the enrichment of Bacteroides,correlate with reduced inflammation and improved prognosis,underscoring the gut microbiome's prognostic value.Emerging therapies,including dietary adjustments,probiotics,and fecal gut microbiome transplantation,aim to restore microbial balance and reduce treatment-related complications.Moreover,gut microbiome profiling shows potential for identifying biomarkers linked to leukemia predisposition,paving the way for early diagnosis and tailored preventive strategies.This mini-review explores recent advancements in understanding the influence of the gut microbiome on pediatric leukemias,emphasizing its role as both a therapeutic target and a prognostic biomarker.Integrating gut microbiome research into clinical practice may help optimize treatment outcomes and improve quality of life for children with leukemia.
文摘BACKGROUND Anemia is a prevalent and challenging complication in patients with hematologic and solid malignancies,which stems from the direct effects of malignancy,treatment-induced toxicities,and systemic inflammation.It affects patients’survival,functional status,and quality of life profoundly.Recent literature has highlighted the emerging role of the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of cancer-associated anemia.The gut microbiota,through its intricate interplay with iron metabolism,inflammatory pathways,and immune modulation,may either exacerbate or ameliorate anemia depending on its composition,and functional integrity.Dysbiosis,characterized by disruption in the gut microbial ecosystem,is very common in cancer patients.This microbial imbalance is implicated in anemia causation through diminished iron absorption,persistent low-grade inflammation,and suppression of erythropoiesis.AIM To consolidate current evidence regarding the interplay between gut microbiome and anemia in the setting of malignancies.It aims to provide a detailed exploration of the mechanistic links between dysbiosis and anemia,identifies unique challenges associated with various cancer types,and evaluates the efficacy of microbiome-focused therapies.Through this integrative approach,the review seeks to establish a foundation for innovative clinical strategies aimed at mitigating anemia and improving patient outcomes in oncology.METHODS A literature search was performed using multiple databases,including Google Scholar,PubMed,Scopus,and Web of Science,using a combination of keywords and Boolean operators to refine results.Keywords included“cancerassociated anemia”,“gut microbiome”,“intestinal microbiota”,“iron metabolism”,“gut dysbiosis”,“short-chain fatty acids”,“hematopoiesis”,“probiotics”,“prebiotics”,and“fecal microbiota transplantation”.Articles published in English between 2000 and December 2024 were included,with a focus on contemporary and relevant findings.RESULTS Therapeutic strategies aimed at restoration of gut microbial homeostasis,such as probiotics,prebiotics,dietary interventions,and fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT),can inhibit anemia-causing pathways by enhancing microbial diversity,suppressing detrimental flora,reducing systemic inflammation and optimizing nutrient absorption.CONCLUSION Gut dysbiosis causes anemia and impairs response to chemotherapy in cancer patients.Microbiome-centered interventions,such as probiotics,prebiotics,dietary modifications,and FMT,have shown efficacy in restoring microbial balance,reducing inflammation,and enhancing nutrient bioavailability.Emerging approaches,including engineered probiotics and bacteriophage therapies,are promising precision-based,customizable solutions for various microbiome compositions and imbalances.Future research should focus on integrating microbiometargeted strategies with established anemia therapies.
文摘The gut microbiome comprises a vast community of microbes inhabiting the human alimentary canal,playing a crucial role in various physiological functions.These microbes generally live in harmony with the host;however,when dysbiosis occurs,it can contribute to the pathogenesis of diseases,including osteoporosis.Osteoporosis,a systemic skeletal disease characterized by reduced bone mass and increased fracture risk,has attracted significant research attention concerning the role of gut microbes in its development.Advances in molecular biology have highlighted the influence of gut microbiota on osteoporosis through mechanisms involving immunoregulation,modulation of the gut-brain axis,and regulation of the intestinal barrier and nutrient absorption.These microbes can enhance bone mass by inhibiting osteoclast differentiation,inducing apoptosis,reducing bone resorption,and promoting osteoblast proliferation and maturation.Despite these promising findings,the therapeutic effectiveness of targeting gut microbes in osteoporosis requires further investigation.Notably,gut microbiota has been increasingly studied for their potential in early diagnosis,intervention,and as an adjunct therapy for osteoporosis,suggesting a growing utility in improving bone health.Further research is essential to fully elucidate the therapeutic potential and clinical application of gut microbiome modulation in the management of osteoporosis.
文摘The community of microorganisms that colonize certain areas of the human body is called microbiota.Microorganisms such as bacteria,fungi and viruses make up the microbiota.The sum of the genomes of these microorganisms and microorganisms refers to the microbiome.It has been shown that microbiota has important effects such as protecting the organ from pathogens,contributing to metabolic functions(such as vitamin synthesis,carbohydrate digestion)and providing immunoregulation.Dysbiosis refers to compositional and functional changes in the microbiota.At the beginning of the 21st century,numerous studies have investigated the human microbiota and its imbalance in relation to various diseases and found that dysbiosis is associated with many diseases.The aim of this minireview article is to provide brief information about dysbiosis and its care and to raise awareness.
文摘The gut microbiome,a complex ecosystem of microorganisms,has a significant role in modulating pain,particularly within orthopaedic conditions.Its impact on immune and neurological functions is underscored by the gut-brain axis,which influences inflammation,pain perception,and systemic immune responses.This integrative review examines current research on how gut dysbiosis is associated with various pain pathways,notably nociceptive and neuroinflammatory mechanisms linked to central sensitization.We highlight advancements in meta-omics technologies,such as metagenomics and metaproteomics,which deepen our understanding of microbiome-host interactions and their implications in pain.Recent studies emphasize that gut-derived short-chain fatty acids and microbial metabolites play roles in modulating neuroinflammation and nociception,contributing to pain management.Probiotics,prebiotics,synbiotics,and faecal microbiome transplants are explored as potential therapeutic strategies to alleviate pain through gut microbiome modulation,offering an adjunct or alternative to opioids.However,variability in individual microbiomes poses challenges to standardizing these treatments,necessitating further rigorous clinical trials.A multidisciplinary approach combining microbiology,immunology,neurology,and orthopaedics is essential to develop innovative,personalized pain management strategies rooted in gut health,with potential to transform orthopaedic pain care.
基金supported by the China Social Science Foundation(24BZX097)and Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project(2023ZD0509602).
文摘Brief description Climate change represents an unparalleled existential threat to humanity in the twenty-first century,demanding urgent and sustained global attention.Among the vast array of actors shaping Earth’s climate system,microorganisms occupy a uniquely significant position.As the planet’s most abundant and diverse life forms,they not only respond sensitively to climatic change but also exert profound influence upon them.Microbes-comprising viruses,bacteria,archaea,fungi,algae,and protozoa-pervade from terrestrial soils and urban infrastructures to atmospheric layers,subterranean environments,and aquatic ecosystems.By virtue of their staggering abundance and metabolic diversity,microbes drive the cycling of essential elements at a planetary scale,sustain key symbiotic relationships with agricultural crops,and function as both sources and sinks of greenhouse gases.Thus,microorganisms must be recognized as indispensable agents within the Earth system,integral to understanding and addressing the dynamics of climate change.
文摘BACKGROUND The gut microbiome is associated with hepatic encephalopathy(HE),but research results on the gut microbiome characteristics of patients with liver cirrhosis with and without HE are inconsistent.AIM To study the gut microbiota characteristics of patients with liver cirrhosis with and without HE.METHODS We searched the PubMed,Web of Science,EMBASE,and Cochrane databases using two keywords,HE,and gut microbiome.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,suitable literature was screened to extract data on the diversity and composition of the fecal microbiota in patients with liver cirrhosis with and without HE.The data were analyzed using RevMan and STATA.RESULTS Seventeen studies were included:(1)A meta-analysis of 7 studies revealed that the Shannon index in liver cirrhosis patients with HE was significantly lower than that in patients without HE[-0.20,95%confidence interval(CI):-0.28 to-0.13,I2=20%];(2)The relative abundances of Lachnospiraceae(-2.73,95%CI:-4.58 to-0.87,I2=38%)and Ruminococcaceae(-2.93,95%CI:-4.29 to-1.56,I2=0%)in liver cirrhosis patients with HE was significantly lower than those in patients without HE;(3)In patients with HE,Enterococcus,Proteobacteria,Enterococcaceae,and Enterobacteriaceae proportions increased,but Ruminococcaceae,Lachnospiraceae,Prevotellaceae,and Bacteroidetes proportions decreased;(4)Differences in the fecal metabolome between liver cirrhosis patients with and without HE were detected;and(5)Differential gut microbiomes may serve as diagnostic and prognostic tools.CONCLUSION The gut microbiomes of patients with liver cirrhosis with and without HE differ.Some gut microbiomes may distinguish liver cirrhosis patients with or without HE and determine patient prognosis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32122067 and 32021005)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (JUSRP622013)。
文摘Infancy and toddlerhood are critical phases of life,as the gut microbiota is established here,which influences current and future health.During this period,the microbiota was relatively less stable and highly responsive to environmental factors.Therefore,it is important to understand how dietary factors affect this complex stage of microbial assembly.The effect of feeding practices(breast milk/formula) on microbial colonization in early infancy has been actively studied;however,studies on the effect of diet on the gut microbiota during the complementary feeding period are sparse.The introduction of complementary foods provides abundant new dietary compounds for the gut microbiota,which induces a shift in gut microbiota and metabolism from milk-adapted toward a more mature and diverse adult-like community.Herein,we discuss the impact of dietary nutrients(carbohydrates,proteins,fats,vitamins,and minerals) on microbiome of infants and toddlers.Furthermore,this review summarizes the effects of complementary feeding patterns,specific foods(such as cereals;legumes and nuts;vegetables and fruits;meats;dairy products),food additives,and malnutrition(undernutrition or overnutrition) on gut microbiota of this populations.These findings might deepen our comprehension of the complex interactions between diets and the development and establishment of the gut microbiota.This may facilitate the tailoring of interventions aimed at promoting beneficial modifications within the gut microbial community.Furthermore,the insights gained could inform the design and implementation of safe and efficacious complementary feeding practices.
基金Supported by the Wuxi Municipal Health Commission Youth Fund Project,No.Q202268Wuxi Scientific and technological breakthrough of“Light of the Taihu Lake”(Basic Research),No.K20221039+4 种基金Jiangsu Shuangchuang Doctoral Program,No.JSSCBS20221991Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospital Incubating Program,No.PX2023070 and No.PX2024072Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research,No.SF2024-4-2134Beijing Hospitals Authority Youth Program,No.QML20232003the Top Talent Support Program for young and middle-aged people of Wuxi Health Committee,No.HB2023089.
文摘BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment is one of the common clinical manifestations of depression,causing negative distress to patients.Elevated homocysteine(Hcy)concentrations and gut microbiome dysfunction may be observed in patients with depression.AIM To investigate the relationship between Hcy,microbiome,and cognition in depressive patients.METHODS We recruited 67 patients with major depressive disorder(MDD)(MDD group)and 94 healthy controls(HCs)individuals(HCs group).Serum Hcy levels were determined using the enzyme circulation method.16s rRNA sequencing was used to classify and identify the fecal bacteria.17 Hamilton depression rating scale and MATRICS consensus cognitive battery were used to evaluate mood states and cognition in patients with MDD. Correlation analysis was performed to explore the correlation between fecal flora,Hcy, and depressive cognitive function.RESULTSElevated serum levels of Hcy were seen in patients with MDD compared to healthy individuals. Patients withMDD indicated significant decreases in cognitive scores (P < 0.001) in six modules: Speed of processing, workingmemory, visual learning, reasoning and problem-solving, social cognition, and total scores. Hcy levels showed anegative correlation with processing speed, social cognition, and total MDD scores (P < 0.05). Hcy was alsosignificantly negatively correlated with Alistipes, Ruminococcae, Tenericides, and Porphyromonas (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONOur results highlight that Hcy was correlated with cognition and gut microbiome in MDD. This interaction may berelated to the physiological and pathological mechanisms underlying cognitive deficits in depression.
文摘BACKGROUND Endoscopic interventions play a vital role in diagnosing and managing gastrointestinal diseases,but complications such as bleeding,infection,and delayed healing can adversely affect patient outcomes.The influence of the gut microbiome on these outcomes is increasingly being recognized.AIM To evaluate the role of the gut microbiome in influencing clinical outcomes after endoscopic interventions,focusing on microbial diversity,specific taxa,metabolic functions,and emerging predictive models.METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed,EMBASE,and Cochrane databases up to May 2025,selecting human studies that analyzed gut microbiome composition or function in relation to endoscopic interventions and clinical outcomes.Microbiome analysis techniques included 16S rRNA gene sequencing,metagenomics,and metabolomics.RESULTS Forty-two studies met the inclusion criteria.Our review identifies key beneficial microbes,such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Bacteroides spp.,which support mucosal healing.In contrast,dysbiosis(e.g.,an increased abundance of Proteobacteria)is associated with poorer healing and higher complication rates.Notably,microbiome-informed predictive models have shown strong potential for forecasting post-procedural complications,offering a pathway to personalized treatment strategies.Probiotics have also emerged as a promising intervention,helping to restore microbial balance and reduce complications such as infection and delayed healing.CONCLUSION The gut microbiome plays a significant role in recovery after endoscopy.Integrating microbiome analysis into clinical decision-making could improve outcomes through personalized predictions and targeted therapies.Future research should focus on standardizing microbiome assessment protocols and validating predictive models to optimize patient care.
基金Fisheries Research Development Corporation,Grant/Award Number:2017-030.
文摘Background With the global expansion of aquaculture and the increasing demand for fish meal,identifying appropriate and sustainable alternative protein sources for aquafeeds has become essential.Single-cell protein(SCP),derived from methanotrophic bacteria,presents a promising alternative by converting methane into protein,potentially addressing both the need for alternative protein sources and reducing industrial greenhouse gas emissions.This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different levels of SCP inclusion(0%,25%,50%,and 75%fish meal replacement)on the health,gene expression,and gut microbiome of yellowtail kingfish(YTK,Seriola lalandi)following a 35-day growth trial.Results The study found that SCP inclusion at the highest level of fishmeal replacement(75%)induced a mild inflammatory response in the hindgut of the fish.However,micromorphological assessments of the hindgut,serum biochemistry,and gene expression analyses revealed no significant detrimental effects from SCP replacement.Notably,there were indications of improved lipid digestibility with SCP.Furthermore,SCP inclusion significantly enhanced microbial richness and altered the composition of the gut microbiome,introducing beneficial bacterial taxa that may contribute to improved gut health and resilience.Conclusions This study highlights SCP as a viable and sustainable alternative to fish meal in YTK diets.The findings suggest that SCP can be included in YTK diets without adverse health effects at moderate levels and may even offer benefits in terms of lipid digestibility and gut microbiome diversity.These results contribute to the advancement of more sustainable aquaculture practices.
基金jointly supported by the International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(161343KYSB20200015)Guangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2023GXNSFAA026107)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(2022RC1158)Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(2023382)。
文摘Background Dietary protein level and amino acid(AA)balance are crucial determinants of animal health and productivity.Supplementing rumen-protected AAs in low-protein diets was considered as an efficient strategy to improve the growth performance of ruminants.The colon serves as a crucial conduit for nutrient metabolism during rumen-protected methionine(RPMet)and rumen-protected lysine(RPLys)supplementation,however,it has been challenging to clarify which specific microbiota and their metabolites play a pivotal role in this process.Here,we applied metagenomic and metabolomic approaches to compare the characteristic microbiome and metabolic strategies in the colon of lambs fed a control diet(CON),a low-protein diet(LP)or a LP diet supplemented with RPMet and RPLys(LR).Results The LP treatment decreased the average daily weight gain(ADG)in lambs,while the LR treatment tended to elicit a remission in ADG.The butyrate molar concentration was greater(P<0.05),while acetate molar concentration(P<0.05)was lower for lambs fed the LP and LR diets compared to those fed the CON diet.Moreover,the LP treatment remarkably decreased total AA concentration(P<0.05),while LR treatment showed an improvement in the concentrations of methionine,lysine,leucine,glutamate,and tryptophan.Metagenomic insights proved that the microbial metabolic potentials referring to biosynthesis of volatile fatty acids(VFAs)and AAs in the colon were remarkably altered by three dietary treatments.Metagenomic binning identified distinct microbial markers for the CON group(Alistipes spp.,Phocaeicola spp.,and Ruminococcus spp.),LP group(Fibrobacter spp.,Prevotella spp.,Ruminococcus spp.,and Escherichia coli),and LR group(Akkermansia muciniphila and RUG099 spp.).Conclusions Our findings suggest that RPMet and RPLys supplementation to the low-protein diet could enhance the microbial biosynthesis of butyrate and amino acids,enriche the beneficial bacteria in the colon,and thereby improve the growth performance of lambs.
基金funded by UK Research and Innovation(UKRI)doctoral training grant no:BB/T008776/1the Department of Agriculture,Environment and Rural Affairs(DAERA)by Trouw Nutrition and by John Thompsons and Sons Ltd.
文摘Background Nitrogen-Use-Efficiency(NUE)in lactating dairy cows,defined as milk nitrogen(N)output as a proportion of N consumed,is low,with the majority of excess N excreted in manure.Excreted N can be lost to the environment as ammonia gas leading to environmental acidification and nutrient enrichment of sensitive habitats,and to watercourses contributing to aquatic eutrophication.While there is much evidence that NUE can be improved by reducing the crude protein(CP)content of dairy cow diets,the long-term impacts of feeding lower protein diets on cow performance and the rumen microbiome are less well understood.This study examined the effects of reducing the CP contents of dairy cow diets on cow performance,NUE,the relationship between NUE and residual feed intake(RFI),and the rumen microbiome.Results Dietary CP content did not affect feed intake,milk yield or milk composition(P>0.05),except for milk urea N(MUN),which increased with increasing diet CP content(P<0.05).The mean NUE was 34%,34%and 31%for the LCP(low-protein,15%),MCP(medium-protein,16%),and HCP(high-protein,17%)diets,respectively.RFI was negatively correlated with NUE(r=−0.57,P<0.001).The rumen ammonia-N concentrations increased with increasing dietary CP;however,the ruminal pH and volatile fatty acid(VFA)content of the rumen fluid remained constant.Predicted urinary N excretion was greater in the HCP and MCP diets than in the LCP diet.Reducing dietary CP content in dairy cow diets did not affect microbial composition,diversity and functional profiles.The family Bacteroidaceae was more abundant in HE(high-efficiency)cows,whereas the Methanobacteriaceae and the genus Methanobrevibacter were more abundant in LE(low-efficiency)cows.Additionally,propanoate metabolism,cysteine and methionine metabolism and amino acid biosynthesis pathways were more abundant in HE cows,whilst the methane(CH4)metabolism pathway was upregulated in LE cows.Conclusions The results demonstrate that diet CP can be reduced with no loss in cow performance,but with an associated reduction in N excretion.The abundance of microbial populations differed between low and high efficiency cows,which may contribute to the differences in efficiency observed.
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),a primary malignancy of the liver and leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide,poses substantial therapeutic challenges,particularly in advanced and unresectable stages.Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)have emerged as critical therapeutic agents,targeting immune checkpoint pathways to restore antitumor immune responses.Combinations such as atezolizumab(anti-programmed cell death ligand 1 with bevacizumab antivascular endothelial growth factor),as well as antibodies directed against cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 and programmed cell death protein 1(e.g.,ipilimumab and nivolumab),have demonstrated improved clinical outcome in selected patients.However,the overall efficacy of ICIs remains hindered by variable response rate and primary or acquired resistance.Recent evidence suggests that the gut microbiome plays a pivotal role in modulating host immune responses and may significantly influence the therapeutic efficacy of ICIs.Dysbiosis within the gut-liver axis has been implicated not only in pathogenesis and progression of HCC but also diminishing immunotherapy effectiveness.Emerging studies highlight the potential of microbiome-targeted interventions including dietary modulation,prebiotics,probiotics,and fecal microbiota transplantation to enhance ICIs responsiveness.This review explores the evolving interplay between the gut microbiota and immunotherapy in HCC,with a focus on microbiome-based strategies aimed at optimizing clinical outcomes.
基金Supported by University of California San Diego Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute,No.KL2TR0014442022 Pinnacle Research Award in Liver Diseases from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases Foundation,No.PNC22-159963National Institutes of Health,No.P30 DK120515.
文摘Alcohol-associated liver disease,metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease,and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis are chronic liver diseases(CLDs)driven by metabolic dysregulation,immune dysfunction,and gut microbiome alterations.Current treatments are inadequate and provide only symptomatic relief in most cases,underscoring the urgent need for forwardlooking approaches.The disturbances in gut and liver communication contribute towards disease progression,making microbiome-based therapeutic strategies an area of growing interest.Nanoparticles have emerged as a powerful tool for drug delivery with high targetability,stability,and targeted release.Further,artificial intelligence offers a transformative approach by accelerating nanoparticle design,optimizing microbial therapy formulations,predicting treatment responses,and personalizing interventions based on patient-specific microbiota compositions.Herein,we give an overview of important liver diseases,key nanocarrier types,and the approaches wherein nanocarriers have been integrated to modulate gut microbiota for the therapy of CLDs.We also describe future directions and the challenges,which need to be overcome for wide scale application and tailored use of gut microbiome-focused nano-drug delivery carriers for the therapy of CLDs.Despite current hurdles,the integration of nanotechnology,microbiome therapeutics,and artificial intelligence-driven precision medicine holds immense promise for reshaping the treatment landscape of CLDs.
