The pursuit to mimic skin exteroceptive ability has motivated the endeavors for epidermal artificial mechanoreceptors.Artificial mechanoreceptors are required to be highly sensitive to capture imperceptible skin defor...The pursuit to mimic skin exteroceptive ability has motivated the endeavors for epidermal artificial mechanoreceptors.Artificial mechanoreceptors are required to be highly sensitive to capture imperceptible skin deformations and preferably to be self-powered,breathable,lightweight and deformable to satisfy the prolonged wearing demands.It is still struggling to achieve these traits in single device,as it remains difficult to minimize device architecture without sacrificing the sensitivity or stability.In this article,we present an all-fiber iontronic triboelectric mechanoreceptor(ITM)to fully tackle these challenges,enabled by the high-output mechano-to-electrical energy conversion.The proposed ITM is ultralight,breathable and stretchable and is quite stable under various mechanical deformations.On the one hand,the ITM can achieve a superior instantaneous power density;on the other hand,the ITM shows excellent sensitivity serving as epidermal sensors.Precise health status monitoring is readily implemented by the ITM calibrating by detecting vital signals and physical activities of human bodies.The ITM can also realize acoustic-to-electrical conversion and distinguish voices from different people,and biometric application as a noise dosimeter is demonstrated.The ITM therefore is believed to open new sights in epidermal electronics and skin prosthesis fields.展开更多
Precise modulation of mechanoreceptor-mediated signal transduction is crucial for decoding cellular mecha-notransduction mechanisms and programming cell fate.This review provides a comprehensive summary of recent adva...Precise modulation of mechanoreceptor-mediated signal transduction is crucial for decoding cellular mecha-notransduction mechanisms and programming cell fate.This review provides a comprehensive summary of recent advances in engineering synthetic mechanoreceptors,spanning from protein-centric genetic encoding to DNA nanotechnology-based non-genetic reprogramming strategies.Genetic engineering strategies employ pro-tein structure encoding and site-directed mutagenesis to reprogram force-response functions in natural mecha-noreceptors.As a complementary non-genetic approach,DNA nanotechnology leverages its programmability,modularity,and predictable mechanical properties to achieve precise control over receptor functionalities.The flourishing development of DNA mechanosensitive nanodevices has provided a promising synthetic toolkit for manipulating mechanoreceptors,enabling precise control over receptor spatial organization and signal trans-duction.A key innovation is the development of novel DNA-functionalized artificial mechanoreceptors(AMRs),which confer force-responsiveness to naturally non-mechanosensitive receptors without genetic modification,thereby enabling customized mechanotransduction and mechanobiological applications.Collectively,this paradigm shift highlights DNA-based non-genetic receptor engineering as a versatile and powerful toolkit,paving new avenues for mechanobiology research and pioneering force-directed therapeutic strategies in regenerative medicine.展开更多
t Touch sensation is critical for our social and environmental interactions. In mammals, most discriminative light touch sensation is mediated by the Aβ low-threshold mechanoreceptors. Cell bodies of Aβ low-threshol...t Touch sensation is critical for our social and environmental interactions. In mammals, most discriminative light touch sensation is mediated by the Aβ low-threshold mechanoreceptors. Cell bodies of Aβ low-threshold mechanoreceptors are located in the dorsal root ganglia and trigeminal ganglia, which extend a central projection innervating the spinal cord and brain stem and a peripheral projection innervating the specialized mechanosensory end organs. These specialized mechanosensory end organs include Meissner＇s corpuscles, Pacinian corpuscles, lanceolate endings, Merkel cells, and Ruffini corpuscles. The morphologies and physiological properties of these mechanosensory end organs and their innervating neurons have been investigated for over a century. In addition, recent advances in mouse genetics have enabled the identification of molecular mechanisms underlying the development of Aβ low- threshold mechanoreceptors, which highlight the crucial roles of neurotrophic factor signaling and transcription factor activity in this process. Here, we will review the anatomy, physiological properties, and development of mammalian low- threshold Aβ mechanoreceptors.展开更多
The cognition of spatiotemporal tactile stimuli,including fine spatial stimuli and static/dynamic temporal stimuli,is paramount for intelligent robots to feel their surroundings and complete manipulation tasks.However...The cognition of spatiotemporal tactile stimuli,including fine spatial stimuli and static/dynamic temporal stimuli,is paramount for intelligent robots to feel their surroundings and complete manipulation tasks.However,current tactile sensors have restrictions on simultaneously demonstrating high sensitivity and performing selective responses to static/dynamic stimuli,making it a challenge to effectively cognize spatiotemporal tactile stimuli.Here,we report a high-sensitive and self-selective humanoid mechanoreceptor(HMR)that can precisely respond to spatiotemporal tactile stimuli.The HMR with PDMS/chitosan@CNTs(PDMS:polydimethylsiloxane;CNT:carbon nanotube)graded microstructures and polyurethane hierarchical porous spacer exhibits high sensitivity of 3790.8 kPa^(-1).The HMR demonstrates self-selective responses to static and dynamic stimuli with mono signal through the hybrid of piezoresistive and triboelectric mechanisms.Consequently,it can respond to spatiotemporal tactile stimuli and generate distinguishable and multi-type characteristic signals.With the assistance of the convolutional neural network,multiple target objects can be easily identified with a high accuracy of 99.1%.This work shows great potential in object precise identification and dexterous manipulation,which is the basis of intelligent robots and natural human-machine interactions.展开更多
Acupuncture has been used for centuries to heal the body;it is essential to comprehend the mechanism of acupuncture within the modern medical framework.By far much research provided a modern scientific understanding o...Acupuncture has been used for centuries to heal the body;it is essential to comprehend the mechanism of acupuncture within the modern medical framework.By far much research provided a modern scientific understanding of how acupuncture works,most of them indicated that nervous system is involved.However,few studies have been conducted on how acupuncture trigger the nervous system.When the thin needle inserts the acupoint,the mechanical stress generated by acupuncture is the key factor of acupuncture effect.The first peripheral receptors activated in this process are mechanoreceptors,which are sensitive to mechanical forces.The purpose of this review is to explore the connection between the mechanoreceptors located in the skin and subcutaneous tissues and the acupuncture therapy.It also attempts to clue the possible roles of mechanoreceptors in the skin surface and subcutaneous tissue during the acupuncture manipulation and electroacupuncture.展开更多
The combination of flexible sensors and bionic innovative design has become an important direction for the development of intelligent sensing technology.To this end,this paper systematically describes the latest resea...The combination of flexible sensors and bionic innovative design has become an important direction for the development of intelligent sensing technology.To this end,this paper systematically describes the latest research progress of bionic sensors inspired by the synergistic mechanism of“stress concentration-high pass filtering-omnidirectional localization”of scorpion slit receptors.First,it presents breakthroughs such as ultra-high sensitivity through gradient-cracked structures,dynamic signal decoupling mediated by viscoelastic materials,and omnidirectional localization accuracy supported by curvilinear array layouts.Aiming at the cross-interference and integration redundancy problems faced by traditional multimodal sensing systems,this paper introduces a vertically stacked heterogeneous integration strategy.Through the synergistic design of bionic stretchable conductive film and strain-isolated communication interfaces,a flexible multimodal sensing system with pressure-temperature bimodal sensing,multiaxial stress decoupling,and spatial distribution tracking capability is successfully constructed.Relevant research further confirms that the bionic architecture shows significant advantages in medical monitoring,industrial equipment health management and lunar rover terrain sensing scenarios.It provides a new paradigm of cross-scale structure-function synergistic optimization for the development of adaptive intelligent sensing systems in extreme environments,and marks an important leap in the integration of bionic flexible electronics from single-device innovation to systematic technology.展开更多
Although neurophysiological and psychophysical proof of osseoperception is accumulating, histomorphometric evidence for the neural mechanisms of functional compensation following immediate and delayed implant loading ...Although neurophysiological and psychophysical proof of osseoperception is accumulating, histomorphometric evidence for the neural mechanisms of functional compensation following immediate and delayed implant loading is still lacking. For this randomized split-mouth study, six mongrel dogs randomly received one of four treatment protocols at 36 implant-recipient sites over 16 weeks （third maxillary incisor, third and fourth mandibular premolar）： immediate implant placement and immediate loading （liP＋ IL）; delayed implant placement and delayed loading （DIP＋DL）; delayed implant placement and immediate loading （DIP＋IL）; and natural extraction socket healing （control）. Histomorphometry was performed in the peri-implant bone and soft tissues within 300 pm around the implants. Immunocytochemistry and transmission electron microscopy were used to confirm the presence of neural structures and to reveal their ultrastructural characteristics, respectively. Myelinated nerve fibres densely populated the peri-implant crestal gingival and apical regions, although they were also identified in the woven bone and in the osteons near the implant threads. Compared with the control group in the mandible, the group that received IIP＋IL showed a higher innervation （in N.mm^-2, 5.94±1.12 vs. 3.15±0.63, P〈0.001） and smaller fibre diameter （in pm, 1.37±0.05 vs. 1.64±0.13, P=0.016）, smaller axon diameter （in pm, 0.89±0.05 vs. 1.24±0,10, P=0.009） and g-ratio （0.64±0.04 vs. 0.76±0.05, P〈0.001） in the middle region around the implants. Compared with DIP＋IL in the mandible, IIP＋IL had a higher nerve density （in N.mm^-2, 13.23±2.54 vs. 9.64±1.86, P=0.027）, greater fibre diameter （in pm, 1.32±0.02 vs. 1.20±0.04, P=0.021）, greater axon diameter （in μm, 0.92±0.01 vs. 0.89±0.03, P=-0.035） and lower g-ratio （0.69±0.01 vs. 0.74±0.01, P=-0.033） in the apical region around the implants. It may be assumed that the treatment protocol with liP＋ IL is the preferred method to allow optimized peri-implant re-innervation, but further functional measurements are still required.展开更多
基金Research was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(52173274)the National Key R&D Project from Minister of Science and Technology(2021YFA1201603)+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA16021101)Open access funding provided by Shanghai Jiao Tong University
文摘The pursuit to mimic skin exteroceptive ability has motivated the endeavors for epidermal artificial mechanoreceptors.Artificial mechanoreceptors are required to be highly sensitive to capture imperceptible skin deformations and preferably to be self-powered,breathable,lightweight and deformable to satisfy the prolonged wearing demands.It is still struggling to achieve these traits in single device,as it remains difficult to minimize device architecture without sacrificing the sensitivity or stability.In this article,we present an all-fiber iontronic triboelectric mechanoreceptor(ITM)to fully tackle these challenges,enabled by the high-output mechano-to-electrical energy conversion.The proposed ITM is ultralight,breathable and stretchable and is quite stable under various mechanical deformations.On the one hand,the ITM can achieve a superior instantaneous power density;on the other hand,the ITM shows excellent sensitivity serving as epidermal sensors.Precise health status monitoring is readily implemented by the ITM calibrating by detecting vital signals and physical activities of human bodies.The ITM can also realize acoustic-to-electrical conversion and distinguish voices from different people,and biometric application as a noise dosimeter is demonstrated.The ITM therefore is believed to open new sights in epidermal electronics and skin prosthesis fields.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22504055).
文摘Precise modulation of mechanoreceptor-mediated signal transduction is crucial for decoding cellular mecha-notransduction mechanisms and programming cell fate.This review provides a comprehensive summary of recent advances in engineering synthetic mechanoreceptors,spanning from protein-centric genetic encoding to DNA nanotechnology-based non-genetic reprogramming strategies.Genetic engineering strategies employ pro-tein structure encoding and site-directed mutagenesis to reprogram force-response functions in natural mecha-noreceptors.As a complementary non-genetic approach,DNA nanotechnology leverages its programmability,modularity,and predictable mechanical properties to achieve precise control over receptor functionalities.The flourishing development of DNA mechanosensitive nanodevices has provided a promising synthetic toolkit for manipulating mechanoreceptors,enabling precise control over receptor spatial organization and signal trans-duction.A key innovation is the development of novel DNA-functionalized artificial mechanoreceptors(AMRs),which confer force-responsiveness to naturally non-mechanosensitive receptors without genetic modification,thereby enabling customized mechanotransduction and mechanobiological applications.Collectively,this paradigm shift highlights DNA-based non-genetic receptor engineering as a versatile and powerful toolkit,paving new avenues for mechanobiology research and pioneering force-directed therapeutic strategies in regenerative medicine.
文摘t Touch sensation is critical for our social and environmental interactions. In mammals, most discriminative light touch sensation is mediated by the Aβ low-threshold mechanoreceptors. Cell bodies of Aβ low-threshold mechanoreceptors are located in the dorsal root ganglia and trigeminal ganglia, which extend a central projection innervating the spinal cord and brain stem and a peripheral projection innervating the specialized mechanosensory end organs. These specialized mechanosensory end organs include Meissner＇s corpuscles, Pacinian corpuscles, lanceolate endings, Merkel cells, and Ruffini corpuscles. The morphologies and physiological properties of these mechanosensory end organs and their innervating neurons have been investigated for over a century. In addition, recent advances in mouse genetics have enabled the identification of molecular mechanisms underlying the development of Aβ low- threshold mechanoreceptors, which highlight the crucial roles of neurotrophic factor signaling and transcription factor activity in this process. Here, we will review the anatomy, physiological properties, and development of mammalian low- threshold Aβ mechanoreceptors.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFA0703500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52232006,52188101,52102153,52072029,51991340,51991342)+2 种基金the Overseas Expertise Introduction Projects for Discipline Innovation(No.B14003)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M700379)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(No.FRF-TP-18-001C1)。
文摘The cognition of spatiotemporal tactile stimuli,including fine spatial stimuli and static/dynamic temporal stimuli,is paramount for intelligent robots to feel their surroundings and complete manipulation tasks.However,current tactile sensors have restrictions on simultaneously demonstrating high sensitivity and performing selective responses to static/dynamic stimuli,making it a challenge to effectively cognize spatiotemporal tactile stimuli.Here,we report a high-sensitive and self-selective humanoid mechanoreceptor(HMR)that can precisely respond to spatiotemporal tactile stimuli.The HMR with PDMS/chitosan@CNTs(PDMS:polydimethylsiloxane;CNT:carbon nanotube)graded microstructures and polyurethane hierarchical porous spacer exhibits high sensitivity of 3790.8 kPa^(-1).The HMR demonstrates self-selective responses to static and dynamic stimuli with mono signal through the hybrid of piezoresistive and triboelectric mechanisms.Consequently,it can respond to spatiotemporal tactile stimuli and generate distinguishable and multi-type characteristic signals.With the assistance of the convolutional neural network,multiple target objects can be easily identified with a high accuracy of 99.1%.This work shows great potential in object precise identification and dexterous manipulation,which is the basis of intelligent robots and natural human-machine interactions.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)81973967.
文摘Acupuncture has been used for centuries to heal the body;it is essential to comprehend the mechanism of acupuncture within the modern medical framework.By far much research provided a modern scientific understanding of how acupuncture works,most of them indicated that nervous system is involved.However,few studies have been conducted on how acupuncture trigger the nervous system.When the thin needle inserts the acupoint,the mechanical stress generated by acupuncture is the key factor of acupuncture effect.The first peripheral receptors activated in this process are mechanoreceptors,which are sensitive to mechanical forces.The purpose of this review is to explore the connection between the mechanoreceptors located in the skin and subcutaneous tissues and the acupuncture therapy.It also attempts to clue the possible roles of mechanoreceptors in the skin surface and subcutaneous tissue during the acupuncture manipulation and electroacupuncture.
基金funded by the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52021003)“Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities”.
文摘The combination of flexible sensors and bionic innovative design has become an important direction for the development of intelligent sensing technology.To this end,this paper systematically describes the latest research progress of bionic sensors inspired by the synergistic mechanism of“stress concentration-high pass filtering-omnidirectional localization”of scorpion slit receptors.First,it presents breakthroughs such as ultra-high sensitivity through gradient-cracked structures,dynamic signal decoupling mediated by viscoelastic materials,and omnidirectional localization accuracy supported by curvilinear array layouts.Aiming at the cross-interference and integration redundancy problems faced by traditional multimodal sensing systems,this paper introduces a vertically stacked heterogeneous integration strategy.Through the synergistic design of bionic stretchable conductive film and strain-isolated communication interfaces,a flexible multimodal sensing system with pressure-temperature bimodal sensing,multiaxial stress decoupling,and spatial distribution tracking capability is successfully constructed.Relevant research further confirms that the bionic architecture shows significant advantages in medical monitoring,industrial equipment health management and lunar rover terrain sensing scenarios.It provides a new paradigm of cross-scale structure-function synergistic optimization for the development of adaptive intelligent sensing systems in extreme environments,and marks an important leap in the integration of bionic flexible electronics from single-device innovation to systematic technology.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (81000459)the Chinese Scholarship Council
文摘Although neurophysiological and psychophysical proof of osseoperception is accumulating, histomorphometric evidence for the neural mechanisms of functional compensation following immediate and delayed implant loading is still lacking. For this randomized split-mouth study, six mongrel dogs randomly received one of four treatment protocols at 36 implant-recipient sites over 16 weeks （third maxillary incisor, third and fourth mandibular premolar）： immediate implant placement and immediate loading （liP＋ IL）; delayed implant placement and delayed loading （DIP＋DL）; delayed implant placement and immediate loading （DIP＋IL）; and natural extraction socket healing （control）. Histomorphometry was performed in the peri-implant bone and soft tissues within 300 pm around the implants. Immunocytochemistry and transmission electron microscopy were used to confirm the presence of neural structures and to reveal their ultrastructural characteristics, respectively. Myelinated nerve fibres densely populated the peri-implant crestal gingival and apical regions, although they were also identified in the woven bone and in the osteons near the implant threads. Compared with the control group in the mandible, the group that received IIP＋IL showed a higher innervation （in N.mm^-2, 5.94±1.12 vs. 3.15±0.63, P〈0.001） and smaller fibre diameter （in pm, 1.37±0.05 vs. 1.64±0.13, P=0.016）, smaller axon diameter （in pm, 0.89±0.05 vs. 1.24±0,10, P=0.009） and g-ratio （0.64±0.04 vs. 0.76±0.05, P〈0.001） in the middle region around the implants. Compared with DIP＋IL in the mandible, IIP＋IL had a higher nerve density （in N.mm^-2, 13.23±2.54 vs. 9.64±1.86, P=0.027）, greater fibre diameter （in pm, 1.32±0.02 vs. 1.20±0.04, P=0.021）, greater axon diameter （in μm, 0.92±0.01 vs. 0.89±0.03, P=-0.035） and lower g-ratio （0.69±0.01 vs. 0.74±0.01, P=-0.033） in the apical region around the implants. It may be assumed that the treatment protocol with liP＋ IL is the preferred method to allow optimized peri-implant re-innervation, but further functional measurements are still required.
