Multiple phytohormones,including gibberellin(GA),abscisic acid(ABA),and indole-3-acetic acid(IAA),regulate seed germination.In this study,a barley aldehyde oxidase 1(HvAO1)gene was identified,which is located near the...Multiple phytohormones,including gibberellin(GA),abscisic acid(ABA),and indole-3-acetic acid(IAA),regulate seed germination.In this study,a barley aldehyde oxidase 1(HvAO1)gene was identified,which is located near the SD2(seed dormancy 2)region at the telomeric end of chromosome 5H.A doubledhaploid population(AC Metcalfe/Baudin)was used to characterize HvAO1 and validated its association with seed germination and malting quality.Aldehyde oxidase is predicted to catalyse the oxidation of various aldehydes,such as indoleacetaldehyde and abscisic aldehyde,into IAA and ABA,which is the final step of IAA/ABA biogenesis.This process influences the final IAA/ABA concentration in the seed,affecting the seed dormancy.Sequence analysis revealed substantial variations in the HvAO1 promoter regions between AC Metcalfe and Baudin.The combining seed germination tests,genetic variation analysis,gene expression,and phytohormone measurements showed that Baudin,which displays strong seed dormancy,has a specific sequence variation in the promoter region of the HvAO1 gene.This variation is associated with a higher expression level of the HvAO1 gene and an increased level of ABA than those in AC Metcalfe,which shows weak dormancy and lacks this sequence variation.In addition to its strong effect on the SD2 gene,HvAO1 shows excellent potential to fine-tune malting quality and seed dormancy,as evidenced by genotyping with HvAO1-specific markers,dormancy phenotypes,and malting quality.Our findings provide a new strategy for introducing favourable HvAO1 alleles to achieve the desired level of seed dormancy and high malting quality in barley.展开更多
The effect of sowing date on grain protein, hordein fraction content and malting quality of two-rowed spring barley was investigated by using ten commercial cultivars with different grain protein content and the relat...The effect of sowing date on grain protein, hordein fraction content and malting quality of two-rowed spring barley was investigated by using ten commercial cultivars with different grain protein content and the relationships among these traits were examined. The results showed that grain protein content and B hordein content increased as the sowing date postponed and were significantly affected by sowing date, while C and D hordein contents were less influenced by sowing date. There were significant differences in grain protein and hordein fraction content among the ten cultivars. The coefficient of variation of D hordein content was much larger than that of B and C hordein contents, suggesting its greater variation caused by different sowing dates. Beta-amylase activity and diastatic power were also significantly affected by sowing date, with malt extract being less affected. Significant differences in measured malt quality were found among the ten cultivars. Grain protein was significantly correlated with B hordein and malt extract positively and negatively, respectively. There was no significant correlation between beta-amylase activity or diastatic power and grain protein content. B hordein was negatively and significantly correlated with malt extract, but no significant correlations between C hordein, D hordein and malting quality traits.展开更多
The objective of the present work was to determine the effect of wooden ash extract on anti-nutritional factors and to assess the effect of soaking with malting on nutritional properties of sorghum flour used for impe...The objective of the present work was to determine the effect of wooden ash extract on anti-nutritional factors and to assess the effect of soaking with malting on nutritional properties of sorghum flour used for impeke. The addition of wooden ash extract during 24 h of soaking resulted in significant decrease in tannin by 50.2% and the decrease was observed to be progressive as malting time increases. 5 d of malting resulted in significant decrease in tannin by 69.3% and in phytic acid by 66.4% with slight decrease in ash, lipid, fiber, and starch. Malting showed an increased percentage of protein, essential amino acids, and then in vitro protein digestibility were markedly improved with increasing malting time. Sugars analysis proved a significant increase in maltose, glucose, fructose, and structural analysis of sorghum starch displayed porosity on granule＇s surface susceptible to the amylolysis.展开更多
Among various functional genomics tools used to characterize genes in plants, transposonbased mutagenesis approaches offer great potential, especially in barley and wheat, which possess large genomes and in which gene...Among various functional genomics tools used to characterize genes in plants, transposonbased mutagenesis approaches offer great potential, especially in barley and wheat, which possess large genomes and in which genetic transformation is not routine. Two Ds transposon flanking sequences(TNPs), TNP-29(27.4 c M(centi Morgan)) and TNP-79(70.3 c M), were mapped in the vicinity of a malting quality QTL located on chromosome 4H of barley. Reactivation of the Ds transposon sequence from these TNP lines led to the identification of genes in the malting QTL regions. Several Ds(dissociation) lines were generated by crossing TNP-29 and TNP-79 with an Ac TPase(activator) expressing line(25-B), and F2 progenies were subsequently screened for Ds insertions at new locations. To further characterize these Ds mutants, we mapped the new Ds flanking sequences on a barley genetic map and found that 29% of Ds were located in regions associated with the malting QTL located on chromosome 4H and in close proximity to other important malting-associated QTL across the barley chromosome. Using a sequence based approach, a linkage map was generated that confirmed the position of Ds loci in the barley genome map. Locating these Ds loci on the barley map opens avenues to dissect important malting QTL for facilitating identification of candidate malting genes.展开更多
Based on five different species of barley, the foot layer analytic method was used to examine the activity and heat-resistance of the limiting dextrinase. The study was conducted on the dynamic changes of several type...Based on five different species of barley, the foot layer analytic method was used to examine the activity and heat-resistance of the limiting dextrinase. The study was conducted on the dynamic changes of several types of the dextrinase in barley germinating process, the effect of temperature on the dextrinase and the divergence of dextrinase in different barley variety. The probability of the dextrinase that as reference index is展开更多
In the current study,finger millets(Eleusine coracana)served as the raw material to assess the impacts of malting and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum-mediated fermentation.Post-fermentation analysis revealed a substanti...In the current study,finger millets(Eleusine coracana)served as the raw material to assess the impacts of malting and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum-mediated fermentation.Post-fermentation analysis revealed a substantial elevation in the concentration of 5-methyltetrahdrofolate(5-MTHF)(bioactive form of folate)in the fermented samples,UM-F(unmalted and fermented)and M-F(malted and fermented)with 137.28 and 147.84μg/100g,respectively.Furthermore,malting followed by fermentation collectively reduced the spiked pesticides,lindane,and chlorpyrifos from the original concentration of 330.83 ppb and 295.12 ppb in the UM-UF(unmalted and unfermented)samples to 44.44 ppb(86.53%decrease)and 12.13 ppb(95.88%decrease),respectively.In silico investigation envisaged the role of two enzymes,alcohol dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase of L.plantarum in the disintegration of lindane and chlorpyrifos,respectively which was subsequently validated by quantifying the enzymes in the fermentation medium(alkaline phosphatase obtained in M-F was 1.60 U/mL and the alcohol dehydrogenase produced was 44.02 U/mg protein).Biochemical analyses,thermal gravimetric analysis,infrared spectroscopy,and X-ray diffraction studies reported significant transformations among the samples,UM-UF,UMF,M-UF(malted and unfermented millet),and M-F,which indicates the role of malting and fermentation and the enzymes involved in the processes.展开更多
The influence of hydrogen-rich water(HRW)on the antioxidant activity and its inherent mechanism were investigated during barley malting.The antioxidant activity was evaluated with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl(DPPH)rad...The influence of hydrogen-rich water(HRW)on the antioxidant activity and its inherent mechanism were investigated during barley malting.The antioxidant activity was evaluated with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl(DPPH)radical scavenging activity,2,2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate)(ABTS)radical cation scavenging activity,reducing power,and metal chelating activity.Our results revealed that HRW(1.2 mg/L)significantly increased the antioxidant activity of malt,which was supported by the finding that HRW could effectively promote the synthesis of phenolic substances.Furthermore,HRW treatment enhanced the activities of catalase(CAT),superoxide dismutase(SOD),and peroxidase(POD)and decreased the activity of polyphenol oxidase(PPO)in malt.Thus,our research demonstrated that HRW can be used to produce malt to increase its antioxidant activity effectively.展开更多
为明确胃肠道原发NHL特别是MALT淋巴瘤的发病特征及组织学起源,本研究使用LN_(1～3)系列抗体对34例胃肠道原发NHL进行免疫组化检测。结果显示:34例中MALT淋巴瘤5例(14.7％),其中3例由滤泡中心细胞样细胞构成,另2例由中心母细胞样细胞构...为明确胃肠道原发NHL特别是MALT淋巴瘤的发病特征及组织学起源,本研究使用LN_(1～3)系列抗体对34例胃肠道原发NHL进行免疫组化检测。结果显示:34例中MALT淋巴瘤5例(14.7％),其中3例由滤泡中心细胞样细胞构成,另2例由中心母细胞样细胞构成。肿瘤细胞在LN_1显示核周边点状阳性,LN_2显示核膜线状阳性,与正常肠道Peyet板僧帽带处的Marginal zone cell具有相似的形态及染色特性,提示MALT淋巴瘤可能来源于Marginal zone cells。展开更多
基金supported by the Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland,Ministry of Education(KFT202302)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32372052).
文摘Multiple phytohormones,including gibberellin(GA),abscisic acid(ABA),and indole-3-acetic acid(IAA),regulate seed germination.In this study,a barley aldehyde oxidase 1(HvAO1)gene was identified,which is located near the SD2(seed dormancy 2)region at the telomeric end of chromosome 5H.A doubledhaploid population(AC Metcalfe/Baudin)was used to characterize HvAO1 and validated its association with seed germination and malting quality.Aldehyde oxidase is predicted to catalyse the oxidation of various aldehydes,such as indoleacetaldehyde and abscisic aldehyde,into IAA and ABA,which is the final step of IAA/ABA biogenesis.This process influences the final IAA/ABA concentration in the seed,affecting the seed dormancy.Sequence analysis revealed substantial variations in the HvAO1 promoter regions between AC Metcalfe and Baudin.The combining seed germination tests,genetic variation analysis,gene expression,and phytohormone measurements showed that Baudin,which displays strong seed dormancy,has a specific sequence variation in the promoter region of the HvAO1 gene.This variation is associated with a higher expression level of the HvAO1 gene and an increased level of ABA than those in AC Metcalfe,which shows weak dormancy and lacks this sequence variation.In addition to its strong effect on the SD2 gene,HvAO1 shows excellent potential to fine-tune malting quality and seed dormancy,as evidenced by genotyping with HvAO1-specific markers,dormancy phenotypes,and malting quality.Our findings provide a new strategy for introducing favourable HvAO1 alleles to achieve the desired level of seed dormancy and high malting quality in barley.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 30270779 and 30471022) and Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (SRFDP) (No. 20020335028), China
文摘The effect of sowing date on grain protein, hordein fraction content and malting quality of two-rowed spring barley was investigated by using ten commercial cultivars with different grain protein content and the relationships among these traits were examined. The results showed that grain protein content and B hordein content increased as the sowing date postponed and were significantly affected by sowing date, while C and D hordein contents were less influenced by sowing date. There were significant differences in grain protein and hordein fraction content among the ten cultivars. The coefficient of variation of D hordein content was much larger than that of B and C hordein contents, suggesting its greater variation caused by different sowing dates. Beta-amylase activity and diastatic power were also significantly affected by sowing date, with malt extract being less affected. Significant differences in measured malt quality were found among the ten cultivars. Grain protein was significantly correlated with B hordein and malt extract positively and negatively, respectively. There was no significant correlation between beta-amylase activity or diastatic power and grain protein content. B hordein was negatively and significantly correlated with malt extract, but no significant correlations between C hordein, D hordein and malting quality traits.
基金supported by the financial assistance of the National High Technology R & D Program of China(2008AA10Z312)
文摘The objective of the present work was to determine the effect of wooden ash extract on anti-nutritional factors and to assess the effect of soaking with malting on nutritional properties of sorghum flour used for impeke. The addition of wooden ash extract during 24 h of soaking resulted in significant decrease in tannin by 50.2% and the decrease was observed to be progressive as malting time increases. 5 d of malting resulted in significant decrease in tannin by 69.3% and in phytic acid by 66.4% with slight decrease in ash, lipid, fiber, and starch. Malting showed an increased percentage of protein, essential amino acids, and then in vitro protein digestibility were markedly improved with increasing malting time. Sugars analysis proved a significant increase in maltose, glucose, fructose, and structural analysis of sorghum starch displayed porosity on granule＇s surface susceptible to the amylolysis.
基金Funding for this project was provided by Barley Malting and Brewing Research Institute (grant number: 217248)
文摘Among various functional genomics tools used to characterize genes in plants, transposonbased mutagenesis approaches offer great potential, especially in barley and wheat, which possess large genomes and in which genetic transformation is not routine. Two Ds transposon flanking sequences(TNPs), TNP-29(27.4 c M(centi Morgan)) and TNP-79(70.3 c M), were mapped in the vicinity of a malting quality QTL located on chromosome 4H of barley. Reactivation of the Ds transposon sequence from these TNP lines led to the identification of genes in the malting QTL regions. Several Ds(dissociation) lines were generated by crossing TNP-29 and TNP-79 with an Ac TPase(activator) expressing line(25-B), and F2 progenies were subsequently screened for Ds insertions at new locations. To further characterize these Ds mutants, we mapped the new Ds flanking sequences on a barley genetic map and found that 29% of Ds were located in regions associated with the malting QTL located on chromosome 4H and in close proximity to other important malting-associated QTL across the barley chromosome. Using a sequence based approach, a linkage map was generated that confirmed the position of Ds loci in the barley genome map. Locating these Ds loci on the barley map opens avenues to dissect important malting QTL for facilitating identification of candidate malting genes.
文摘Based on five different species of barley, the foot layer analytic method was used to examine the activity and heat-resistance of the limiting dextrinase. The study was conducted on the dynamic changes of several types of the dextrinase in barley germinating process, the effect of temperature on the dextrinase and the divergence of dextrinase in different barley variety. The probability of the dextrinase that as reference index is
基金supported by India-South Africa bilateral project,funded by the International Division of the Department of Science and Technology,Government of India(Grant number:DST/INT/South Africa/P-10/2021)National Research Foundation(Grant number:133101),South Africa.
文摘In the current study,finger millets(Eleusine coracana)served as the raw material to assess the impacts of malting and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum-mediated fermentation.Post-fermentation analysis revealed a substantial elevation in the concentration of 5-methyltetrahdrofolate(5-MTHF)(bioactive form of folate)in the fermented samples,UM-F(unmalted and fermented)and M-F(malted and fermented)with 137.28 and 147.84μg/100g,respectively.Furthermore,malting followed by fermentation collectively reduced the spiked pesticides,lindane,and chlorpyrifos from the original concentration of 330.83 ppb and 295.12 ppb in the UM-UF(unmalted and unfermented)samples to 44.44 ppb(86.53%decrease)and 12.13 ppb(95.88%decrease),respectively.In silico investigation envisaged the role of two enzymes,alcohol dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase of L.plantarum in the disintegration of lindane and chlorpyrifos,respectively which was subsequently validated by quantifying the enzymes in the fermentation medium(alkaline phosphatase obtained in M-F was 1.60 U/mL and the alcohol dehydrogenase produced was 44.02 U/mg protein).Biochemical analyses,thermal gravimetric analysis,infrared spectroscopy,and X-ray diffraction studies reported significant transformations among the samples,UM-UF,UMF,M-UF(malted and unfermented millet),and M-F,which indicates the role of malting and fermentation and the enzymes involved in the processes.
基金supported by the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(111 Project)(111-2-06).
文摘The influence of hydrogen-rich water(HRW)on the antioxidant activity and its inherent mechanism were investigated during barley malting.The antioxidant activity was evaluated with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl(DPPH)radical scavenging activity,2,2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate)(ABTS)radical cation scavenging activity,reducing power,and metal chelating activity.Our results revealed that HRW(1.2 mg/L)significantly increased the antioxidant activity of malt,which was supported by the finding that HRW could effectively promote the synthesis of phenolic substances.Furthermore,HRW treatment enhanced the activities of catalase(CAT),superoxide dismutase(SOD),and peroxidase(POD)and decreased the activity of polyphenol oxidase(PPO)in malt.Thus,our research demonstrated that HRW can be used to produce malt to increase its antioxidant activity effectively.
文摘为明确胃肠道原发NHL特别是MALT淋巴瘤的发病特征及组织学起源,本研究使用LN_(1～3)系列抗体对34例胃肠道原发NHL进行免疫组化检测。结果显示:34例中MALT淋巴瘤5例(14.7％),其中3例由滤泡中心细胞样细胞构成,另2例由中心母细胞样细胞构成。肿瘤细胞在LN_1显示核周边点状阳性,LN_2显示核膜线状阳性,与正常肠道Peyet板僧帽带处的Marginal zone cell具有相似的形态及染色特性,提示MALT淋巴瘤可能来源于Marginal zone cells。
