As an economically crucial species in the southeast Pacific Ocean,understanding the spatiotemporal distribution changes of the habitat of Trachurus murphyi under the influence of climate change is essential for effect...As an economically crucial species in the southeast Pacific Ocean,understanding the spatiotemporal distribution changes of the habitat of Trachurus murphyi under the influence of climate change is essential for effective resource assessment and management.The spatiotemporal changes in suitable habitats of T.murphyi under three climate change scenarios(SSP 126,SSP 370,and SSP 585)of Phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP 6)were explored based on key environmental factors affecting the potential distribution of the species in a habitat suitability index(HSI)model.Results show that seawater temperature would increase under different scenarios,while the mixed layer depths would decrease under SSP 370 and SSP 585 scenarios but vary slightly under the SSP 126 scenario,which is similar to the variation in different climate periods.The positive difference in seawater temperature will be distributed in the central,southern,and offshore regions of Chile,and the negative difference in mixed layer depths be accounted for a large region.Under different climate scenarios,the HSI value for fishing ground and the overall proportion of suitable habitat area of T.murphyi will be decreased over the forecasted period.The suitable habitat of T.murphyi is concentrated in the 42°S-47°S area and will move to the southwest in different climate periods.Based on short-term climate change,the proportion of suitable habitat areas in the high seas of Chile is larger than in the exclusive economic zone under medium-and long-term climate change under different scenarios.The results of the gravity center of suitable T.murphyi habitat indicates that the spatial distribution of T.murphyi might be related to variations in oceanic currents.These findings provide insights for the effective fisheries resource management of T.murphyi in the Southeast Pacific Ocean.展开更多
The generalized linear model （GLM） and generalized additive model （GAM） were applied to the standardization of catch per unit effort （CPUE） for Chilean jack mackerel from Chinese factory trawl fishing fleets in ...The generalized linear model （GLM） and generalized additive model （GAM） were applied to the standardization of catch per unit effort （CPUE） for Chilean jack mackerel from Chinese factory trawl fishing fleets in the Southeast Pacific Ocean from 2001 to 2010 by removing the operational, environmental, spatial and temporal impacts. A total of 9 factors were selected to build the GLM and GAM, i.e., Year, Month, Vessel, La Nifia and E1 Nifio events （ELE）, Latitude, Longitude, Sea surface temperature （SST）, SST anomaly （SSTA）, Nino3.4 index and an interaction term between Longitude and Latitude. The first 5 factors were significant components in the GLM, which in combination explained 27.34% of the total variance in nominal CPUE. In the stepwise GAM, all factors explained 30.78% of the total variance, with Month, Year and Vessel as the main factors influencing CPUE. The higher CPUE occurred during the period April to July at a SST range of 12-15℃ and a SSTA range of 0.2-1.0℃. The CPUE was significantly higher in normal years compared with that in La Nifia and E1 Nifio years. The abundance of Chilean jack mackerel declined during 2001 and 2010, with an increase in 2007. This work provided the relative abundance index of Chilean jack mackerel for stock as- sessment by standardizing catch and effort data of Chinese trawl fisheries and examined the influence of temporal, spatial, environ- mental and fisheries operational factors on Chilean jack mackerel CPUE.展开更多
As fish is one source of the ‘big eight’ food allergens,the prevalence of fish allergy has increased over the past few years.In order to better understand fish allergy,it is necessary to identify fish allergens.Base...As fish is one source of the ‘big eight’ food allergens,the prevalence of fish allergy has increased over the past few years.In order to better understand fish allergy,it is necessary to identify fish allergens.Based on the sera from fish-allergenic patients,a 28 kDa protein from local mackerel (Scomber japonicus),which has not been reported as a fish allergen,was found to be reactive with most of the patients’ sera.The 28 kDa protein was analyzed by MALDI-TOF-MS (Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry).Mascot search in NCBI database (Date: 08/07/2010) showed that the top protein matched,i.e.triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) from Xiphophorus maculatus and Poecilia reticulata,had a mowse (molecular weight search) score of 98.In addition,TPI from Epinephelus coioides also matched this mackerel protein with a mowse score of 96.Because TPI is con-sidered as an allergen in other non-fish organisms,such as lychee,wheat,latex,archaeopotamobius (Archaeopotamobius sibiriensis) and crangon (Crangon crangon),we consider that it may also be an allergen in mackerel.展开更多
Ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction was confirmed as a novel,effective method for separating lipid from mackerel pro-tein,resulting in a degreasing rate (DR) of 95% and a nitrogen recovery (NR) of 88.6%.To obtain p...Ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction was confirmed as a novel,effective method for separating lipid from mackerel pro-tein,resulting in a degreasing rate (DR) of 95% and a nitrogen recovery (NR) of 88.6%.To obtain protein hydrolysates with high ni-trogen recovery and low bitter taste,enzymatic hydrolysis was performed using eight commercially available proteases.It turned out that the optimum enzyme was the ‘Mixed enzymes for animal proteolysis’.An enzyme dosage of 4%,a temperature of 50℃,and a hydrolysis time of 300 min were found to be the optimum conditions to obtain high NR (84.28%) and degree of hydrolysis (DH,16.18%) by orthogonal experiments.Glutamic acid was the most abundant amino acid of MDP (defatted mackerel protein) and MDPH (defatted mackerel protein hydrolysates).Compared with the FAO/WHO reference protein,the essential amino acid chemical scores (CS) were greater than 1.0 (1.0 1.7) in MDPH,which is reflective of high nutritional value.This,coupled with the light color and slight fishy odor,indicates that MDPH would potentially have a wide range of applications such as nutritional additives,functional ingredients,and so on.展开更多
Mackerel （Pneumatophorus japonicus） proteins were hydrolyzed by five proteases： trypsin, papain, neutrase, acid protease, and flavourzyme. The hydrolysate treated by neutrase exhibited the highest antioxidant activ...Mackerel （Pneumatophorus japonicus） proteins were hydrolyzed by five proteases： trypsin, papain, neutrase, acid protease, and flavourzyme. The hydrolysate treated by neutrase exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. Response surface methodology （RSM） was employed to optimize the hydrolysis conditions in an effort to obtain a mackerel protein hydrolysate （MPH） with the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity. The MPH was fractioned using a series of ultrafiltration membranes and five fractions, namely, MPH-I （〉10 kDa）, MPH-II （10-2.5 kDa）, MPH-III （1-2.5 kDa）, MPH-IV （0.4-1 kDa）, and MPH-V （below 0.4 kDa）, were obtained. DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, and the lipid peroxidation inhibition capability of these fractions were evaluated. The fractions in molecular weights 〈2.5 kDa （MPH-III, MPH-IV, and MPH-V）, which occupied 93.4% of the total fractions, showed the strongest antioxidant activity; and the antioxidant activities of the three fractions are similar to each other. Using SP Sephadex C-25 and Sephadex G-25 columns, eight fractions were obtained from the MPH （〈2.5 kDa）. The isolated peptide I （1 664 kDa） displayed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity. Therefore, MPH is a potential source of antioxidant peptides.展开更多
A robotic fish, BASEMACK1, is designed and fabricated by mimicking the shape of a live mackerel. Three DC servo-motors are serially linked together and actuated to mimic the mackerel＇s Carangiform motion. Hydrodynami...A robotic fish, BASEMACK1, is designed and fabricated by mimicking the shape of a live mackerel. Three DC servo-motors are serially linked together and actuated to mimic the mackerel＇s Carangiform motion. Hydrodynamic characteristics of a fish-mimetic test model are experimentally identified and utilized in order to numerically simulate fish swimming. The discrete set of kinematic and dynamic parameters are obtained by considering required horizontal and lateral forces and minimum energy consumption. Using the optimized parameter set, optimal control of the robot is studied.展开更多
Objective:To examine and study the morphology,epidemiology,and molecular phylogeny of Anisakis larvae in blue mackerel[Scomber australasicus(Cuvier,1832)]and Indian mackerel[Rastrelliger kanagurta(Cuvier,1816)]using l...Objective:To examine and study the morphology,epidemiology,and molecular phylogeny of Anisakis larvae in blue mackerel[Scomber australasicus(Cuvier,1832)]and Indian mackerel[Rastrelliger kanagurta(Cuvier,1816)]using light microscope,scanning electron microscope,molecular phylogeny,and species delimitation methods for confirmation and investigation of Anisakis species and their evolutionary relationship.Methods:A total of 90 fish(45 per species)were purchased from a department store in Chiang Mai,Thailand.Anisakis samples were investigated for morphological characteristics using light and scanning electron microscopes.Molecular phylogeny and species delimitation methods based on the cox2 gene were performed.Results:The prevalence,mean intensity(Mean±SEM),and mean abundance of Anisakis larvae(Mean±SEM)in blue mackerel were 77.78%,6.74±1.320,and 5.24±1.107,respectively,and in Indian mackerel,these values were 13.33%,2.50±0.764,and 0.33±0.159,respectively.Scanning electron microscopy showed the detail of morphological characteristics and provided the different shapes of mucron and excretory pores in Anisakis larvae congruent with the phylogenetic tree.The species tree was congruent with the phylogenetic tree.Conclusions:The prevalence,mean intensity,and mean abundance of Anisakis larvae were higher in blue mackerel.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first time that Anisakis pegreffii was found in blue mackerel in Thailand.The phylogenetic tree also supported the morphological data of Anisakis larvae.However,species delimitation based on cox2 revealed 1-3 possible cryptic species in this genus.Anisakis spp.contamination of fish products is unpleasant and a health concern considering human infection with larvae(anisakiasis)arises.展开更多
Feeding activities provide necessary nutrition and energy to support the reproduction and development of fish populations.The feeding ecology and dietary plasticity of fish are important factors determining their recr...Feeding activities provide necessary nutrition and energy to support the reproduction and development of fish populations.The feeding ecology and dietary plasticity of fish are important factors determining their recruitment and population dynamics.As a top predator,Japanese Spanish mackerel(Scomberomorus niphonius)supports one of the most valuable fisheries in China.In this study,the feeding ecology and diet composition of Japanese Spanish mackerel spawning groups were analysed based on samples collected from six spawning grounds along the eastern coastal waters of China during spring(March to May)in 2016 and 2017.Both stomach contents and stable isotope analysis were conducted.Stomach content analysis showed that spawning groups of Japanese Spanish mackerel mainly fed on fish,consuming more than 40 different prey species.Diets were significantly different among sampling locations.The most important prey species were Stolephorus in Fuzhou,Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus in Xiangshan,Euphausia pacifica in Lüsi,sand lance Ammodytes personatus in Qingdao and Weihai,and Leptochela gracilis in Laizhou Bay.Stable isotope analysis showed that the trophic level of Japanese Spanish mackerel was relatively high and generally increased with latitude from south to north.In the 1980 s,the diet of Japanese Spanish mackerel was dominated solely by Japanese anchovies in the eastern coastal waters of China.The results in the present study showed that the importance of Japanese anchovies declined considerably,and this fish was not the most dominant diet in most of the investigated waters.Both the spatial variations in diet composition and changes in the dominant diet over the long term indicated the high adaptability of Japanese Spanish mackerel to the environment.Combining the results of stomach analysis and stable isotope analysis from different tissues provided more comprehensive and accurate dietary information on Japanese Spanish mackerel.The study provides essential information about the feeding ecology of Japanese Spanish mackerel and will benefit the management of its populations in the future.展开更多
The Japanese Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus niphonius(Cuvier,1832)is widely distributed in the subtropical and temperate waters of the northwestern Pacific Ocean,supporting one of the most important commercial fisheri...The Japanese Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus niphonius(Cuvier,1832)is widely distributed in the subtropical and temperate waters of the northwestern Pacific Ocean,supporting one of the most important commercial fisheries in China.However,ignoring the potential population structure changes induced by fishing pressure and climate change may undermine the population stability under the current management strategy.In this study,the population structure of the Japanese Spanish mackerel was investigated based on a morphometric truss network system.A total of 534 individuals were randomly collected from commercial gill nets spanning eight major spawning grounds in the Bohai,Yellow,and East China Seas during the peak spawning seasons respectively.A total of 17 measurements(including eye diameter)were conducted in each specimen and subjected to principal component analysis(PCA)and discriminant function analysis(DFA).The results of PCA indicated that the first two factors cumulatively caused 78.38%of the total morphometric variation and observable differences,primarily fin the caudal and trunk areas.The results of DFA revealed that the eight spawning groups can be divided into three stocks,i.e.,southern,middle,and northern stocks,with 68.7%of total accuracy.In contrast to previous studies,the spawning groups of the Japanese Spanish mackerel demonstrated a tendency to disperse to northern regions.In conclusion,this study found that to maintain the stability of the population structure and the total production of Japanese Spanish mackerel S.niphonius(Cuvier,1832),a newly revised management method should be developed and implemented.展开更多
-This paper presents the use of the hydrographic factors in short-term fishery forecasting of the spawning migration stock of the Spanish mackerel and salinity describes more concretely the correlativity of water temp...-This paper presents the use of the hydrographic factors in short-term fishery forecasting of the spawning migration stock of the Spanish mackerel and salinity describes more concretely the correlativity of water temperature, salinity and air temperature with the fishing season in spring. The data have been collected from the hydrographic environmental investigation at the fixed position on the sea and the telegraph recordings of the drift net operation in the spring fishing season during the period of April and May from 1972 to 1980. The correlation coefficients of various factors with the data of the fishing season have been calculated by using the monadic regression method.The main reference targets of the forecasting are: (1) By using the upper-layer water temperature as the forecasting factor at the beginning of the fishing season, the accuracy is high; (2) the distribution and location of the isotherm of the upper-layer water at 10°C at the beginning of April are used as an important factor for determining the location and the range of the central fishing area of the Spanish mackerel; (3) whether a low temperature area at 8°C existing at the Estuary of the Changjiang River can be used as an important factor for forecasting the migration distribution of the Spanish mackerel moving to the north.展开更多
<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Japanese mackerel (</span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Scomber</span></i> <i><span style="font...<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Japanese mackerel (</span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Scomber</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">japonicus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) is one of the important economic species in the pelagic light seine fishery in China, but few studies have been reported on the age, growth and management recommendations of Japanese mackerel in the high seas of the northwest Pacific Ocean. In this study, we fitted expressions for the relationship between fork length and body weight of Japanese mackerel based on fork length and body weight data of Japanese mackerel in the high seas of the Northwest Pacific Ocean from 2018 to 2019, and calculated growth parameters and growth characteristics of Japanese mackerel von Bertalanffy growth equation by identifying otolith age data combined with the least squares method. The results showed that the relationship between fork length and body weight of Japanese mackerel in the open sea of the Northwest Pacific Ocean was W = 2.0 × 10</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-6</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3.289</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (r = 0.9764, n = 2833);the growth parameters were L = 447.61</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">∞</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, K = 0.264, t = -1.06</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></span></span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">;the growth rate reached the maximum when the bodyweight growth rate was 122 g/yr, at which the inflection point age was 3 years old, the inflection point body weight was 310 g, and the inflection point length was 309 mm. We recommend 2 years of age start fishing with a fork length of 250 mm (±10 mm). The growth parameters of Japanese mackerel in the open sea of the Northwest Pacific Ocean were not significantly different from those of the Japanese mackerel population on Japan’s coast (P > 0.05), Finally, based on the knowledge of biological research and resource evaluation, we suggest that the age of opening trap should be 2 years old and the length of fork should be 250 mm (±10 mm).</span>展开更多
Japanese eel(Anguilla japonica)and chub mackerel(Scomber japonicus)are commercially valuable species in Asian aquaculture.The reduction in eel and chub mackerel resources has been a serious problem in recent years tha...Japanese eel(Anguilla japonica)and chub mackerel(Scomber japonicus)are commercially valuable species in Asian aquaculture.The reduction in eel and chub mackerel resources has been a serious problem in recent years that should be addressed by reducing the catch of their natural populations to halt their decline and reach the Sustainable Development Goals.Furthermore,securing sufficient food supply by aquaculture is an important step in addressing the increasing demand for fish products in recent years.Traditionally,juveniles of the Japanese eel and chub mackerel have been captured to be raised in aquaculture.Owing to the extensive research on these species,new technologies have been developed for full-lifecycle aquaculture of Japanese eel in 2011 and chub mackerel in 2014.These technologies are expected to stop the decline of natural resources and provide a stable food supply.Recently,seed production of these species has increased owing to the development of successful broodstock management and larval rearing techniques.Fundamental information on oocyte maturation and ovulation and its application for artificial induction of sexual maturation is needed to produce good quality seeds of the Japanese eel and chub mackerel.Here,hormonal mechanisms and previously and newly developed methods for artificial seed production have been described.展开更多
Of many metabolic irregularity risk factors,glucose intolerance,insulin resistance,and abdominal obesity are the main ones.The risk of vascular diseases and cancers is rather high in such individuals therefore its tre...Of many metabolic irregularity risk factors,glucose intolerance,insulin resistance,and abdominal obesity are the main ones.The risk of vascular diseases and cancers is rather high in such individuals therefore its treatment and prevention are equally important for the health of population.Marine including fish biopeptides have frequently shown to prevent and or ameliorate these risk factors.In our earlier studies,Atlantic mackerel hydrolysate and its fractions showed promising effects on immunity and hypertension.We,therefore,in the current study,aimed to examine the effects of mackerel hydrolysate along its cationic peptides,isolated at pH3 using electrodialysis with ultrafiltration membrane,on metabolic disorder factors in diet-induced insulin resistant obese mice.Mice were fed the chow and or the hypercaloric diet (high fat high sucrose) for the duration of 8-weeks.Subsequently the hypercaloric fed insulin resistant obese mice were gavaged daily either the vehicle and or the test material at the dosage of 208 mg of sample protein per kg mice body weight.According to our observations,mackerel peptides could not effectively modulate food intake,weight gain,adiposity,plasma glucose and insulin concentrations,hepatic cholesterol,and triglyceride levels.Thus,obesity and metabolic impairments could not be averted by the treatments in insulin resistant obese mice.In conclusion,anti-hypertensive,and immunomodulatory attributes of mackerel peptides at the tested concentrations do not seem to be correlated with its metabolic syndrome benefiting effects.To presume a general statement about the metabolic syndrome benefiting potency of Atlantic mackerel's biopeptides further research is warranted.展开更多
Objectives:This study delves into the alterations in lipids and major flavor compounds occurring throughout various drying stages(raw fish,dry-cured for 4,8,and 12 d)of dry-cured Spanish mackerel(DCSM)and elucidates t...Objectives:This study delves into the alterations in lipids and major flavor compounds occurring throughout various drying stages(raw fish,dry-cured for 4,8,and 12 d)of dry-cured Spanish mackerel(DCSM)and elucidates the mechanism underlying their formation..Materials and Methods:In this paper,we used Thin Layer Chromatography and Headspace Gas Chromatography-lon Mobility Spectrometry to determine the changes in lipid and volatile substances during the drying process of Spanish mackerel.Results:The phospholipid,triacylglycerol,heptanal,t-2-hexenal,and dimethyl disulfide contents were notably lower in the samples collected 4 d before processing.The peroxide value and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances significantly increased after 4-8 d,concomitant with the generation of numerous volatile compounds,including alcohols,aldehydes,and ketones.Substantial quantities of 2-methylbutyraldehyde,thiazole,butyl acetate,and trimethylpyrazine emerged during the 8-12 d processing phase.Furthermore,C18:1n-9,C20:5n-3,and C22:6n-3 demonstrated noteworthy correlations with the development of 21 compounds.Principal component analysis,grounded in lipid and volatile compound content,adeptly classified the DCSM drying process into lipolysis and flavor preparation(O-4 d),lipid oxidation and flavor formation(4-8 d),and maturation(8-12 d).The ripening stage played a crucial role in shaping the comprehensive flavor profile.Conclusion:This study offers valuable insights to enhance traditional DCSM flavor processing and regulation.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023 YFD 2401303)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(No.23 ZR 1427100)the Shanghai Talent Development Funding(No.2021078)。
文摘As an economically crucial species in the southeast Pacific Ocean,understanding the spatiotemporal distribution changes of the habitat of Trachurus murphyi under the influence of climate change is essential for effective resource assessment and management.The spatiotemporal changes in suitable habitats of T.murphyi under three climate change scenarios(SSP 126,SSP 370,and SSP 585)of Phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP 6)were explored based on key environmental factors affecting the potential distribution of the species in a habitat suitability index(HSI)model.Results show that seawater temperature would increase under different scenarios,while the mixed layer depths would decrease under SSP 370 and SSP 585 scenarios but vary slightly under the SSP 126 scenario,which is similar to the variation in different climate periods.The positive difference in seawater temperature will be distributed in the central,southern,and offshore regions of Chile,and the negative difference in mixed layer depths be accounted for a large region.Under different climate scenarios,the HSI value for fishing ground and the overall proportion of suitable habitat area of T.murphyi will be decreased over the forecasted period.The suitable habitat of T.murphyi is concentrated in the 42°S-47°S area and will move to the southwest in different climate periods.Based on short-term climate change,the proportion of suitable habitat areas in the high seas of Chile is larger than in the exclusive economic zone under medium-and long-term climate change under different scenarios.The results of the gravity center of suitable T.murphyi habitat indicates that the spatial distribution of T.murphyi might be related to variations in oceanic currents.These findings provide insights for the effective fisheries resource management of T.murphyi in the Southeast Pacific Ocean.
基金co-funded by the National High Technology Research and Development program of China(No.2012AA092301)the Agriculture Science Technology Achievement Transformation Fund(No.2010C00001)the Project of Fishery Exploration in High Seas of the Ministry of Agriculture of China(2010–2011)
文摘The generalized linear model （GLM） and generalized additive model （GAM） were applied to the standardization of catch per unit effort （CPUE） for Chilean jack mackerel from Chinese factory trawl fishing fleets in the Southeast Pacific Ocean from 2001 to 2010 by removing the operational, environmental, spatial and temporal impacts. A total of 9 factors were selected to build the GLM and GAM, i.e., Year, Month, Vessel, La Nifia and E1 Nifio events （ELE）, Latitude, Longitude, Sea surface temperature （SST）, SST anomaly （SSTA）, Nino3.4 index and an interaction term between Longitude and Latitude. The first 5 factors were significant components in the GLM, which in combination explained 27.34% of the total variance in nominal CPUE. In the stepwise GAM, all factors explained 30.78% of the total variance, with Month, Year and Vessel as the main factors influencing CPUE. The higher CPUE occurred during the period April to July at a SST range of 12-15℃ and a SSTA range of 0.2-1.0℃. The CPUE was significantly higher in normal years compared with that in La Nifia and E1 Nifio years. The abundance of Chilean jack mackerel declined during 2001 and 2010, with an increase in 2007. This work provided the relative abundance index of Chilean jack mackerel for stock as- sessment by standardizing catch and effort data of Chinese trawl fisheries and examined the influence of temporal, spatial, environ- mental and fisheries operational factors on Chilean jack mackerel CPUE.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30800859)the Key Projects in the National Science and Technology Pillar Program during the Eleventh Five-years Plan Period (No.2008BAD94 B09)
文摘As fish is one source of the ‘big eight’ food allergens,the prevalence of fish allergy has increased over the past few years.In order to better understand fish allergy,it is necessary to identify fish allergens.Based on the sera from fish-allergenic patients,a 28 kDa protein from local mackerel (Scomber japonicus),which has not been reported as a fish allergen,was found to be reactive with most of the patients’ sera.The 28 kDa protein was analyzed by MALDI-TOF-MS (Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry).Mascot search in NCBI database (Date: 08/07/2010) showed that the top protein matched,i.e.triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) from Xiphophorus maculatus and Poecilia reticulata,had a mowse (molecular weight search) score of 98.In addition,TPI from Epinephelus coioides also matched this mackerel protein with a mowse score of 96.Because TPI is con-sidered as an allergen in other non-fish organisms,such as lychee,wheat,latex,archaeopotamobius (Archaeopotamobius sibiriensis) and crangon (Crangon crangon),we consider that it may also be an allergen in mackerel.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30871943)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.3080 0858)
文摘Ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction was confirmed as a novel,effective method for separating lipid from mackerel pro-tein,resulting in a degreasing rate (DR) of 95% and a nitrogen recovery (NR) of 88.6%.To obtain protein hydrolysates with high ni-trogen recovery and low bitter taste,enzymatic hydrolysis was performed using eight commercially available proteases.It turned out that the optimum enzyme was the ‘Mixed enzymes for animal proteolysis’.An enzyme dosage of 4%,a temperature of 50℃,and a hydrolysis time of 300 min were found to be the optimum conditions to obtain high NR (84.28%) and degree of hydrolysis (DH,16.18%) by orthogonal experiments.Glutamic acid was the most abundant amino acid of MDP (defatted mackerel protein) and MDPH (defatted mackerel protein hydrolysates).Compared with the FAO/WHO reference protein,the essential amino acid chemical scores (CS) were greater than 1.0 (1.0 1.7) in MDPH,which is reflective of high nutritional value.This,coupled with the light color and slight fishy odor,indicates that MDPH would potentially have a wide range of applications such as nutritional additives,functional ingredients,and so on.
基金Supported by the Commonweal Item of State Oceanic Administration of the People's Republic of China(Nos.201305016-2,201405038-2)
文摘Mackerel （Pneumatophorus japonicus） proteins were hydrolyzed by five proteases： trypsin, papain, neutrase, acid protease, and flavourzyme. The hydrolysate treated by neutrase exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. Response surface methodology （RSM） was employed to optimize the hydrolysis conditions in an effort to obtain a mackerel protein hydrolysate （MPH） with the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity. The MPH was fractioned using a series of ultrafiltration membranes and five fractions, namely, MPH-I （〉10 kDa）, MPH-II （10-2.5 kDa）, MPH-III （1-2.5 kDa）, MPH-IV （0.4-1 kDa）, and MPH-V （below 0.4 kDa）, were obtained. DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, and the lipid peroxidation inhibition capability of these fractions were evaluated. The fractions in molecular weights 〈2.5 kDa （MPH-III, MPH-IV, and MPH-V）, which occupied 93.4% of the total fractions, showed the strongest antioxidant activity; and the antioxidant activities of the three fractions are similar to each other. Using SP Sephadex C-25 and Sephadex G-25 columns, eight fractions were obtained from the MPH （〈2.5 kDa）. The isolated peptide I （1 664 kDa） displayed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity. Therefore, MPH is a potential source of antioxidant peptides.
文摘A robotic fish, BASEMACK1, is designed and fabricated by mimicking the shape of a live mackerel. Three DC servo-motors are serially linked together and actuated to mimic the mackerel＇s Carangiform motion. Hydrodynamic characteristics of a fish-mimetic test model are experimentally identified and utilized in order to numerically simulate fish swimming. The discrete set of kinematic and dynamic parameters are obtained by considering required horizontal and lateral forces and minimum energy consumption. Using the optimized parameter set, optimal control of the robot is studied.
文摘Objective:To examine and study the morphology,epidemiology,and molecular phylogeny of Anisakis larvae in blue mackerel[Scomber australasicus(Cuvier,1832)]and Indian mackerel[Rastrelliger kanagurta(Cuvier,1816)]using light microscope,scanning electron microscope,molecular phylogeny,and species delimitation methods for confirmation and investigation of Anisakis species and their evolutionary relationship.Methods:A total of 90 fish(45 per species)were purchased from a department store in Chiang Mai,Thailand.Anisakis samples were investigated for morphological characteristics using light and scanning electron microscopes.Molecular phylogeny and species delimitation methods based on the cox2 gene were performed.Results:The prevalence,mean intensity(Mean±SEM),and mean abundance of Anisakis larvae(Mean±SEM)in blue mackerel were 77.78%,6.74±1.320,and 5.24±1.107,respectively,and in Indian mackerel,these values were 13.33%,2.50±0.764,and 0.33±0.159,respectively.Scanning electron microscopy showed the detail of morphological characteristics and provided the different shapes of mucron and excretory pores in Anisakis larvae congruent with the phylogenetic tree.The species tree was congruent with the phylogenetic tree.Conclusions:The prevalence,mean intensity,and mean abundance of Anisakis larvae were higher in blue mackerel.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first time that Anisakis pegreffii was found in blue mackerel in Thailand.The phylogenetic tree also supported the morphological data of Anisakis larvae.However,species delimitation based on cox2 revealed 1-3 possible cryptic species in this genus.Anisakis spp.contamination of fish products is unpleasant and a health concern considering human infection with larvae(anisakiasis)arises.
基金The Marine S&T Fund of Shandong Province for Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)under contract No.2018SDKJ0501-2the National Key R&D Program of China under contract No.2017YEE0104400the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 31772852 and 31802301。
文摘Feeding activities provide necessary nutrition and energy to support the reproduction and development of fish populations.The feeding ecology and dietary plasticity of fish are important factors determining their recruitment and population dynamics.As a top predator,Japanese Spanish mackerel(Scomberomorus niphonius)supports one of the most valuable fisheries in China.In this study,the feeding ecology and diet composition of Japanese Spanish mackerel spawning groups were analysed based on samples collected from six spawning grounds along the eastern coastal waters of China during spring(March to May)in 2016 and 2017.Both stomach contents and stable isotope analysis were conducted.Stomach content analysis showed that spawning groups of Japanese Spanish mackerel mainly fed on fish,consuming more than 40 different prey species.Diets were significantly different among sampling locations.The most important prey species were Stolephorus in Fuzhou,Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus in Xiangshan,Euphausia pacifica in Lüsi,sand lance Ammodytes personatus in Qingdao and Weihai,and Leptochela gracilis in Laizhou Bay.Stable isotope analysis showed that the trophic level of Japanese Spanish mackerel was relatively high and generally increased with latitude from south to north.In the 1980 s,the diet of Japanese Spanish mackerel was dominated solely by Japanese anchovies in the eastern coastal waters of China.The results in the present study showed that the importance of Japanese anchovies declined considerably,and this fish was not the most dominant diet in most of the investigated waters.Both the spatial variations in diet composition and changes in the dominant diet over the long term indicated the high adaptability of Japanese Spanish mackerel to the environment.Combining the results of stomach analysis and stable isotope analysis from different tissues provided more comprehensive and accurate dietary information on Japanese Spanish mackerel.The study provides essential information about the feeding ecology of Japanese Spanish mackerel and will benefit the management of its populations in the future.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Ocean University of China(Nos.201762015 and 201822027)
文摘The Japanese Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus niphonius(Cuvier,1832)is widely distributed in the subtropical and temperate waters of the northwestern Pacific Ocean,supporting one of the most important commercial fisheries in China.However,ignoring the potential population structure changes induced by fishing pressure and climate change may undermine the population stability under the current management strategy.In this study,the population structure of the Japanese Spanish mackerel was investigated based on a morphometric truss network system.A total of 534 individuals were randomly collected from commercial gill nets spanning eight major spawning grounds in the Bohai,Yellow,and East China Seas during the peak spawning seasons respectively.A total of 17 measurements(including eye diameter)were conducted in each specimen and subjected to principal component analysis(PCA)and discriminant function analysis(DFA).The results of PCA indicated that the first two factors cumulatively caused 78.38%of the total morphometric variation and observable differences,primarily fin the caudal and trunk areas.The results of DFA revealed that the eight spawning groups can be divided into three stocks,i.e.,southern,middle,and northern stocks,with 68.7%of total accuracy.In contrast to previous studies,the spawning groups of the Japanese Spanish mackerel demonstrated a tendency to disperse to northern regions.In conclusion,this study found that to maintain the stability of the population structure and the total production of Japanese Spanish mackerel S.niphonius(Cuvier,1832),a newly revised management method should be developed and implemented.
文摘-This paper presents the use of the hydrographic factors in short-term fishery forecasting of the spawning migration stock of the Spanish mackerel and salinity describes more concretely the correlativity of water temperature, salinity and air temperature with the fishing season in spring. The data have been collected from the hydrographic environmental investigation at the fixed position on the sea and the telegraph recordings of the drift net operation in the spring fishing season during the period of April and May from 1972 to 1980. The correlation coefficients of various factors with the data of the fishing season have been calculated by using the monadic regression method.The main reference targets of the forecasting are: (1) By using the upper-layer water temperature as the forecasting factor at the beginning of the fishing season, the accuracy is high; (2) the distribution and location of the isotherm of the upper-layer water at 10°C at the beginning of April are used as an important factor for determining the location and the range of the central fishing area of the Spanish mackerel; (3) whether a low temperature area at 8°C existing at the Estuary of the Changjiang River can be used as an important factor for forecasting the migration distribution of the Spanish mackerel moving to the north.
文摘<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Japanese mackerel (</span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Scomber</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">japonicus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) is one of the important economic species in the pelagic light seine fishery in China, but few studies have been reported on the age, growth and management recommendations of Japanese mackerel in the high seas of the northwest Pacific Ocean. In this study, we fitted expressions for the relationship between fork length and body weight of Japanese mackerel based on fork length and body weight data of Japanese mackerel in the high seas of the Northwest Pacific Ocean from 2018 to 2019, and calculated growth parameters and growth characteristics of Japanese mackerel von Bertalanffy growth equation by identifying otolith age data combined with the least squares method. The results showed that the relationship between fork length and body weight of Japanese mackerel in the open sea of the Northwest Pacific Ocean was W = 2.0 × 10</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-6</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3.289</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (r = 0.9764, n = 2833);the growth parameters were L = 447.61</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">∞</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, K = 0.264, t = -1.06</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></span></span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">;the growth rate reached the maximum when the bodyweight growth rate was 122 g/yr, at which the inflection point age was 3 years old, the inflection point body weight was 310 g, and the inflection point length was 309 mm. We recommend 2 years of age start fishing with a fork length of 250 mm (±10 mm). The growth parameters of Japanese mackerel in the open sea of the Northwest Pacific Ocean were not significantly different from those of the Japanese mackerel population on Japan’s coast (P > 0.05), Finally, based on the knowledge of biological research and resource evaluation, we suggest that the age of opening trap should be 2 years old and the length of fork should be 250 mm (±10 mm).</span>
文摘Japanese eel(Anguilla japonica)and chub mackerel(Scomber japonicus)are commercially valuable species in Asian aquaculture.The reduction in eel and chub mackerel resources has been a serious problem in recent years that should be addressed by reducing the catch of their natural populations to halt their decline and reach the Sustainable Development Goals.Furthermore,securing sufficient food supply by aquaculture is an important step in addressing the increasing demand for fish products in recent years.Traditionally,juveniles of the Japanese eel and chub mackerel have been captured to be raised in aquaculture.Owing to the extensive research on these species,new technologies have been developed for full-lifecycle aquaculture of Japanese eel in 2011 and chub mackerel in 2014.These technologies are expected to stop the decline of natural resources and provide a stable food supply.Recently,seed production of these species has increased owing to the development of successful broodstock management and larval rearing techniques.Fundamental information on oocyte maturation and ovulation and its application for artificial induction of sexual maturation is needed to produce good quality seeds of the Japanese eel and chub mackerel.Here,hormonal mechanisms and previously and newly developed methods for artificial seed production have been described.
基金Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC)under the name of Strategic Partnership Grants for Projects grant STPGP/479527–2015.
文摘Of many metabolic irregularity risk factors,glucose intolerance,insulin resistance,and abdominal obesity are the main ones.The risk of vascular diseases and cancers is rather high in such individuals therefore its treatment and prevention are equally important for the health of population.Marine including fish biopeptides have frequently shown to prevent and or ameliorate these risk factors.In our earlier studies,Atlantic mackerel hydrolysate and its fractions showed promising effects on immunity and hypertension.We,therefore,in the current study,aimed to examine the effects of mackerel hydrolysate along its cationic peptides,isolated at pH3 using electrodialysis with ultrafiltration membrane,on metabolic disorder factors in diet-induced insulin resistant obese mice.Mice were fed the chow and or the hypercaloric diet (high fat high sucrose) for the duration of 8-weeks.Subsequently the hypercaloric fed insulin resistant obese mice were gavaged daily either the vehicle and or the test material at the dosage of 208 mg of sample protein per kg mice body weight.According to our observations,mackerel peptides could not effectively modulate food intake,weight gain,adiposity,plasma glucose and insulin concentrations,hepatic cholesterol,and triglyceride levels.Thus,obesity and metabolic impairments could not be averted by the treatments in insulin resistant obese mice.In conclusion,anti-hypertensive,and immunomodulatory attributes of mackerel peptides at the tested concentrations do not seem to be correlated with its metabolic syndrome benefiting effects.To presume a general statement about the metabolic syndrome benefiting potency of Atlantic mackerel's biopeptides further research is warranted.
基金supported by the Hainan Provincial Joint Project of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City(No.2021CXLH0006)the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,CAFS(No.2023TD72),China.
文摘Objectives:This study delves into the alterations in lipids and major flavor compounds occurring throughout various drying stages(raw fish,dry-cured for 4,8,and 12 d)of dry-cured Spanish mackerel(DCSM)and elucidates the mechanism underlying their formation..Materials and Methods:In this paper,we used Thin Layer Chromatography and Headspace Gas Chromatography-lon Mobility Spectrometry to determine the changes in lipid and volatile substances during the drying process of Spanish mackerel.Results:The phospholipid,triacylglycerol,heptanal,t-2-hexenal,and dimethyl disulfide contents were notably lower in the samples collected 4 d before processing.The peroxide value and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances significantly increased after 4-8 d,concomitant with the generation of numerous volatile compounds,including alcohols,aldehydes,and ketones.Substantial quantities of 2-methylbutyraldehyde,thiazole,butyl acetate,and trimethylpyrazine emerged during the 8-12 d processing phase.Furthermore,C18:1n-9,C20:5n-3,and C22:6n-3 demonstrated noteworthy correlations with the development of 21 compounds.Principal component analysis,grounded in lipid and volatile compound content,adeptly classified the DCSM drying process into lipolysis and flavor preparation(O-4 d),lipid oxidation and flavor formation(4-8 d),and maturation(8-12 d).The ripening stage played a crucial role in shaping the comprehensive flavor profile.Conclusion:This study offers valuable insights to enhance traditional DCSM flavor processing and regulation.
